CPAR BOOK (First Edition)

ñaque City
Tel. #: 8260-0037
Email: jtcapublishing@yahoo.com
ISBN 978-621-95942-7-1
Published & Distributed by:
ñaque City
Tel. #: 8260-0037
Email: jtcapublishing@yahoo.com
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are grateful to the Most High for being gifted to share our God-given skills
to many students and for the continued blessings and guidance in the success of this
educational material.
To our beloved children, Tomas and Timoteo, for being our inspiration in this journey.
To our family and loved ones, for believing in us every day.
To our associates and friends in the academic circle, for your never-ending support
in this undertaking.
To the many art experts, scholars, researchers and playwrights, whose citations and
works served as the groundwork for the very first publication of this book.
This labor of love is for all of you.
Authors
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PREFACE
Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions is a Core Subject in the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum for Senior High School. The subject covers various
contemporary arts practices of the various regions of the country. It aims to provide
students with an appreciation of a broad range of styles in the various disciplines with
consideration on their elements and principles, and engage them to an integrative
approach in studying arts. Through this subject, students will broaden and acquire the
necessary creative tools that open opportunities in pursuing their individual career
goals and aspirations.
This book is divided into four (4) Units. Unit 1 seeks to present an introduction
about Contemporary Arts. in general. It aims to enable the students to appreciate the
contermporary art forms found the various regions of the country by understanding its
elements of principles as seen in modern times.. Unit 2 intends to present the
Contemporary Arts in the Philippines.. It also explores the history of contemporary arts in
the Philppines, the contemporary art pracitices, the significant contemporary artsists
from the various regions of the country. Unit 3 allows the students to understnd the
different contemporary art techniques and performance practices in the Philippines.. It
deals with the local materials used as applied to contemporary art and the traditional
techniques applied to contemporary creation. This unit also teaches the students
about Art Criticism. The final unit, Unit 4 allows students to make more meaning about
contemporary arts production in order to conceptualize their own contemporary artwork
using appropriate materials and techniques.
This book provides a more practical application of the knowledge, skills and
important values related to the study of the Contemporary Phillipine Arts. Using the
Outcomes-Based Approach, each lesson is comprised of motivational activities that
introduce the students to the lesson in Get Started activity. Students are provided with
an essential question afterwards in the Carry On portion. Each lesson ends with
activities that strive to provide opportunities for students to assess their knowledge,
process their learning, test their understanding, apply the concepts learned and reflect
on the discussion for personal improvement.
Authors
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Table of Contents
UNIT 1: INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY ART

Lesson 1 Contemporary Art Defined ……………………………………………… 2
Lesson 2 Elements of Visual Arts ….……………………………………………….. 26
Lesson 3 Various Art Forms Found in the Philippines and its Elements ……………….. 39
UNIT 2: CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Lesson 4 History of Contemporary Arts in the Philippines ..…………...……………… 64
Lesson 5 Contemporary Art Practices ……………………………………………. 82
Lesson 6 National Artists …………………………………………………………. 93
Lesson 7 Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan ………………………………………… 128
UNIT 3: CONTEMPORARY ART TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE

PRACTICES
Lesson 8 Local Materials Used as Applied to Contemporary Creation ..……………. 146
Lesson 9 Traditional Techniques Applied to Contemporary Creation ……………… 156
Lesson 10 Art Criticism …………………………………………………………….... 169
UNIT 4: CONTEMPORARY ARTS PRODUCTION

Lesson 11 Basics of Contemporary Arts Production …………………………………. 179
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Integrative Art
as applied to
Contemporary Art
CONTENT STANDARD:
The learner demonstrates an appreciation of contemporary art forms
found in the various regions by understanding the elements and principles.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
The learner presents a form of integrated contemporary art based on the
region of his or her choice.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
The learner:
1. Identifies various contemporary art forms and their practices from the
various regions.
2. Classifies various art forms found in the Philippines.
1 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

LESSON 1
Contemporary Art Defined
We have been introduced to crayons, pencils and

paper even before we reached kindergarten. There may be
some of us who, out of honest creativity, used the walls of our
homes as our drawing pad. Then, while our moms clean the
walls in our living room, we were drawing funny figures on the
kitchen table. The question is: Is art all about
drawings?
Have you ever heard of the Titos of Manila, who in
their childhood used clothes pin (a.k.a. “sipit” for Filipinos) to
create their own version of the Gundam Robot? Well, this
creation is an example of a sculpture. Photo taken from www.google.com
Who among you use musical beats when memorizing

for a quiz? Some students find it useful when studying
because the beats help them
remember the terms that they are
trying to memorize.
Why do you think fast food
chains and other restaurants hire
commercial photographers, food
stylists and prop stylists for their
Photo taken from www.google.com products? The answer is obvious: to
make their food products appear more appetizing and mouth-

watering in advertisements, magazines, packaging, or menus. In the same
Photo taken from www.google.com
way, you would agree that food critics and consumers like us find food
appearance a contributing factor in making our food choices.
Can you think of other art forms aside from those mentioned above? What about the
jingles used during the election campaign period? The clothes that you wear everyday? The
novel that you are reading during your free time? The theme song of your favorite koreanovela?
Your favorite vlogger in YouTube? The hairstyle that you are going to wear on Friday for your
night out with friends? The selfie photo that you are about to post in Instagram? All these and
many others are considered art.
In this lesson, you will first be introduced to Contemporary Art.

GET STARTED
EXPRESS YOURSELF
Draw any object or symbol that would best represent you as a person using the following
theme:
Favorite Food Hobby Tradition
Family Life Friends School
Pet Most Unique Dreams

Talent
Attitude towards Love life Most valuable

the Covid-19 belief
pandemic

Carry On How do you express art? Can you come-up with your
own definition of art?
We may encounter a lot of definitions of “art” in so many references saying: (1) Art is “ar”
in Aryan, which means, “to join or put together”; (2) It is “artizein” in Greek, meaning “to prepare”;
“(3) It is “ars” or “artis” in Latin, which means ability or skill”; (4) “Arts is the use of skill and
imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be
shared with others (Britannica Online, 2017); (5) “Arts is the human ability to make things of
beauty and things that stir us” (Atkins & Snyder, 2017); (6) “It is the result of man’s manipulation
of talents and materials” (Thesaurus, 2001); (7) “Art is a diverse range of human activities in
creating visual, auditory, or performing artifacts, expressing the author’s imaginative, conceptual
ideas, or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power
(Oxford, and Merriam-Webster dictionaries).
Whether art represents something beautiful or meaningful, or is the arrangement of lines,
colors, shapes and other aesthetic elements, for as long as the completed work is a product of
expressing ambitions, emotions, experiences, or thoughts, it is considered art.
Remember the prehistoric people who used to draw in the caves and paint on the
rocks? History tells us that various artifacts have been found in different parts of the world. This
only means that art has long been evident
and it has been used as one of the
earliest and most basic form of
communication in the olden times. It is
through these primitive artworks that they get
to express themselves and share their
experiences to others, and in return, it is
through their works that we learn about their
civilizations.
Hence, art is defined as the
manifestation of human creativity and skill to express oneself. This is why we learn and
understand artists and the regions where they come from – their artworks reflect them and the
society that they belong to.
However, what constitutes art has changed over time and the production of art forms
has indeed, evolved. This, then, leads us to the very center of this subject — Contemporary Art.
Note that it is imperative that we understand Contemporary Art in general first before
we delve into the specific art forms of the country. It is only through this that we will be able to
identify, appreciate and understand the various art forms from the various regions of the
Philippines.

Contemporary art is the art of the modern-day. It is the art of “now” since the artworks are
produced in the present time. Let us have a quick look at the timeline below to see the
evolution of contemporary art. objects, animals and rituals that proved the existence of this
civilization. One of the most famous examples is the photo in the previous page, the Lascaux
cave paintings during the Paleolithic era found in the complex caves in France. Though
discovered in 1940, experts claim that they are about 20,000 years old now and depict large
animals and vegetation from the area.
Prehistoric Art (40,000—4,000 B.C. )
The origins of art history can be traced back to
the Prehistoric era, before the advent of written
language. The earliest artifacts come from the
Paleolithic era, or the Old Stone Age, in the form of
rock carvings, engravings, pictorial imagery, sculptures,
and stone arrangements.
During this period, natural pigments and
carvings were used to create representations of objects, animals and rituals that prove the
existence of such civilization.
Ancient Art (4,000 B.C. - A.D. 400)

Ancient art was produced by advanced civilizations from
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and the Americas during the time when
written language has been established.
The medium of a work of art from this period varies depending on the
civilization that produced it — mostly served similar purposes that
include telling stories, decorating utilitarian objects like bowls and
weapons, displaying religious and symbolic imagery, and demonstrating
social status. Many works depict stories of rulers, gods, and goddesses.
One of the most famous works from ancient Mesopotamia is the Code of Hammurabi,
which was created around 1792 B.C., and bears a Babylonian set of laws carved in stone.
Medieval Art (A.D. 500 - A.D. 1400)

Often referred to as the “Dark Ages,” the Middle Ages marked a period of economic
and cultural deterioration following the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. Most of the artwork
in the early years of this period reflects that darkness, characterized by grotesque
imagery and brutal scenery. Over time, artwork was centered on more sophisticated and
elaborately decorated churches with windows and silhouettes adorned with biblical subjects
and scenes from classical mythology.

It was also during this period that the
illuminated manuscript and Gothic architecture
style emerged. Examples of influential art from
this period include the catacombs in Rome,
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, the Lindisfarne
Gospels (as seen in the photo above), one of
the best-known examples of the illuminated
manuscript, and Notre Dame, a Parisian
cathedral and prominent example of Gothic
architecture.
Renaissance Art (1,400 - 1600)
This period was characterized by natural
elements, individualism and realism. Artwork
produced had attention-to-detail and
precision of the human anatomy. The
Renaissance flourished in Florence, Italy
primarily due to the Medici, a wealthy
merchant family who adamantly supported the
arts and humanism, a variety of beliefs and
philosophies that places emphasis on the
human realm. Italian designer Filippo Brunelleschi and sculptor Donatello were key innovators
during this period.
Influential artists such as da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael, who brought creative power
and led the ideals of emotional expression. Artists during this time used linear perspective and
created depth through intense lighting and shading. Art began to change stylistically shortly
after the High Renaissance, when clashes between the Christian faith and humanism gave way
to the next period.
Mannerism (1527 - 1580)
Inspired by the ideals of Michelangelo, Raphael, and other
late Renaissance artists, mannerists emerged but their focus on
style and technique overshadowed the meaning of the subject
matter. Figures had stylized features and exaggerated details
instead of using the classical ideals of harmonious composition
and linear perspective used by their predecessors.
Some of the most celebrated Mannerist artists
include Giorgio Vasari, Francesco Salviati, Domenico Beccafumi,
and Bronzino, who is widely considered to be the most
important Mannerist painter in Florence during his time.

Baroque (1600 - 1750)
The Baroque period is characterized by ornate, over-
the-top visual arts and architecture. Artwork depicted
grandeur and richness, which described artists as stylistically
complex. Baroque paintings were dramatic as seen in the
iconic works of Italian painter Caravaggio and Dutch
painter Rembrandt. Painters used an intense contrast between
light and dark and had energetic compositions matched by
rich color palettes.
Rococo (1699 - 1780)

Rococo is characterized by lightness and
elegance, focusing on the use of natural forms,
asymmetrical design, and subtle colors. Painters like
Antoine Watteau and Francois Boucher used
lighthearted treatments, rich brushwork, and fresh
colors. The Rococo style also easily translated to
silver, porcelain, and French furniture. Many chairs and armoires featured curving forms, floral
designs, and an expressive use of gilt.
Neoclassicism (1750 - 1850)
The Neoclassical period obtained the elements of
classical antiquity where artists tried to recreate the great
works of ancient art taken from archaeological ruins of ancient
civilizations in Athens and Naples. This paved the way for a
renewed interest on harmony, simplicity and proportion that
were present in classical art, mixed with modernity.
Neoclassical artists include Italian sculptor Antonio Canova
who used the classical elements in his marble sculptures, but
shunned the cold artificiality found in its early creations.
Romanticism (1780 - 1850)

From painting to music to literature, Romantic artists reject
order, harmony, and rationality, which were embraced in both
Classical Art and Neoclassicism. The individual and imagination are
emphasized with an appreciation for nature that brought artists out
of dark interiors and enabled them to paint outside. Artwork showed
passion, emotion, and sensation over intellect and reason.
Renowned Romantic painters include Henry Fuseli for his strange
macabre paintings that depicted the dark recesses of human

psychology, and William Blake, whose mysterious poems and images conveyed mystical
visions and his disappointment in societal constraints.
Realism (1848 - 1900)

Believed to the first modern art movement, this
period was a result of the anti-Romantic movement in
Germany, the rise of journalism, and the advent of
photography, which in turn encouraged new interest in
capturing activities of everyday life in a more
precise manner. Hence, artwork featured detailed, life-
like depictions of the subject matter.
Gustave Courbet is known as one of the most influential leaders of the Realist movement.
He is a French artist committed to painting only what he could physically see.
Impressionism (1865 - 1885)
Impressionist painters focused on encapsulating
the impression of an exact moment. They used short,
quick brushstrokes and an unfinished sketch-like feel in
their artwork with modern life as their subject.
Impressionists prefer painting situations like dance halls
and sailboat regattas rather than historical and
mythological events. Claude Monet is one of the
leading contributors of this period and among his notable works include Impression, Sunrise
(1872), from which the name of the movement was derived from.
Post-Impressionism (1885 - 1910)

Post-Impressionist painters
concentrated concentrated on subjective visions and
symbolic, personal meanings rather than observations of
the outside world in the form of abstraction.
Influential artists of this period include Georges Seurat
who is known for his pointillism technique that used small,
distinct dots to form an image and Vincent van
Gogh who used rugged brushstrokes and dark tones in
his art in search for personal expression.
Art Nouveau (1890 – 1910)

Translated as “New Art,” this period tried to create a totally genuine movement free from
any imitation of styles that came before it. Influenced by applied arts, graphics, and illustration,
it focused on the natural world, characterized by long, sinuous lines and curves.
Significant Art Nouveau artists worked in a variety of media, including architecture, graphic

and interior design, jewelry-making, and painting. Graphic
designer Alphonse Mucha is well-known for his theatrical posters of French
actress Sarah Bernhardt while Spanish architect and sculptor Antoni
Gaudi went beyond focusing on lines to create curving, brightly-colored
constructions like that of the Basilica de la Sagrada Familia in Barcelona.
Fauvism (1900 - 1935)

This period was built upon the artwork of
Vincent Van Gogh and George Seurat, which
emphasized the expressive use of intense color, line and brushwork, a
bold sense of surface design and flat composition. Henri Matisse led
Fauvism and his works were accentuated by painterly qualities and
strong color rather then the representational or realistic values of
Impressionism. This period is an important precursor of Expressionism and
Cubism.
Expressionism (1905 – 1920)

Due to the growing conflict in world views and loss of
spirituality, this period sought to display anxieties and raw
emotions through the artists’ works that show distortion of form
and strong colors.
The origins of Expressionism can be traced to Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch, and James
Ensor. Aside from them, prominent groups like Die Brücke (The Bridge) and Der Blaue Reiter (The
Blue Rider) were formed to allow artists to publish their works and express their ideals
collectively.
Cubism (1907 – 1914)
Led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, Cubism
discarded the idea that art should imitate nature. Instead, they moved
away from customary techniques and perspectives, creating radically
fragmented objects through abstraction. Artwork during this period are
characterized by flat, two-dimensional surfaces, geometric forms or
cubes of objects and contrasting vantage points.
Surrealism (1916 - 1950)
Artwork in this period defied reason, denouncing rational mindset. It
was believed that surrealists attribute this kind of thinking to events like
World War I, which made people repress their imaginative thoughts.
Surrealist artists like Salvador Dalí sought to tap into the unconscious mind
to portray revelations found on the street and in everyday life. Dalí’s
paintings depict historical accuracy paired with vivid and bizarre dreams.

Abstract Expressionism (1940s - 1950s)
This period preferred to do away with traditional techniques and
instead used spontaneity and improvisation to create abstract
artwork whose size could no longer be placed on an easel but
instead, canvases are directly placed upon the floor.
Abstract Expressionist painters include Jackson Pollock known for his
unique style of drip painting and Mark Rothko, whose Orange and
Yellow painting above employed large blocks of color to convey a
sense of spirituality.
Op Art (1950s - 1960s)

Short for “optical” art, this period was greatly influenced by
developments in science and technology as well as an interest in
optical effects and illusions. The main idea during this period is for
artists to use shapes, colors, and patterns to create images or
patterns that appear to be moving or blurring, most of the time
produced in black and white for maximum contrast, which are meant
to both confuse and excite the eye..
One of the most known Op Art practitioner is English artist Bridget Riley in her 1964 artwork
called “Blaze,” which featured zigzag black and white lines that create the illusion of a circular
decent.
Pop Art (1950s - 1960s)
This period used everyday objects to create
innovative works of art that feature bold and vivid colors,
and challenged consumerism and mass media. Pop art
like Andy Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans is perhaps the
most famous pop culture work of art which paved the way
for the idea that art can be drawn from any source.
Clearly, the launching of this period is a shift towards modernism.
Arte Povera (1960s)
Literally translated as “poor art,” Arte Povera started
introducing common place materials into artworks to challenge
the modernist, contemporary systems. Many of the notable
works during this period are sculptural in nature wherein soil,
rocks, paper, rope, and other natural elements were used to
evoke a pre-industrial sentiment.
Mario Merz’s anti-elitist work called “Giap’s Igloo,” made from
materials from everyday life, focused on the necessities of life:
shelter, warmth, and food.

Minimalism (1950s - 1960s)
Founded by younger artists in New York who probed the
overly expressive works of Abstract Expressionism, minimalist
artists invite the viewers to focus on what exactly the art
portrays rather than draw interpretations that are
beyond one’s emotions and reality.
Using purified forms, order, simplicity and harmony, American artist like Frank Stella featured a
pattern of recti-linear stripes of uniform width printed in metallic black ink in his non-
representational painting called “Black Paintings.”
Conceptual Art (1960s - 1970s)

This period is focused on ideas and concepts, therefore,
there is no distinct style or form. Conceptual art completely
rejected the previous periods of art where artists valued ideas
over visual components. Artworks are in the from of
performances, ephemera (any transitory written or printed
matters that are not meant to be retained or preserved), and
other forms. Joseph Kosuth delved into the production and role of language within art, as
evident in his “One and Three Chairs”, which featured one chair in three different ways to
convey different meanings of the same object.
Contemporary Art (1970s – present)
This period is marked by the exploration of
Postmodernism, Feminist Art, Neo-Expressionism, Street Art,
Appropriation Art, Digital Art and other small movements.
Jeff Koons is the leading contributor of this period whose
famous work is Michael Jackson and Bubbles in 1988.
Since contemporary art is the center of this subject, it is important to discuss its
characteristics in greater detail starting with the various smaller movements that influenced it.
First, contemporary art is inspired by Postmodernism, where artworks reflected skepticism,
irony and philosophical critiques, in response against modernism.
Of course, there was the attempt to transform stereotypes and break the typical male-
dominated art history, which prompted the Feminist Art.
Neo Expressionism opened the opportunity to revive the original aspects of Abstract
Expressionism in order to create highly textual, expressive and large works.
Graffiti-like art on surfaces in public places such as sidewalks, buildings, and overpasses
also shaped contemporary art. Also known as Street art, contemporary artwork also tries to
convey a message related to political ideas, social commentary or confrontation (Nery & Cruz,
2018).
Guided by Conceptual and Pop Art, the Pictures Generation experimented with

recognizable imagery to explore images that shaped the people’s perceptions of the world.
Appropriation Art has an effect on contemporary art as well. This movement focused on
the use of images in art with little transformation from their original form.
A group of London artists called Young British Artists (YBA) were notorious for their
willingness to shock audiences through their imagery, and a willingness to push beyond limits of
decency. Despite all these, they are also known for their zestful, entrepreneurial spirit.
The advent of the camera led to the infusion of art and technology (like computers,
audio and visual software, sound, and pixels) and paved the way for Digital Art, also a great
influencer of contemporary art.
Indeed, it would be as if we are trying to name all the fish in the sea if we try to identify
the influences on contemporary art because there are just too many to count. But one thing is
for sure, the art of the past and societal values influenced contemporary art.
Now that you have learned the different art movements throughout the history of Western
art that led to contemporary art, it is important to realize that each period has a distinct and
diverse style, technique and medium across the globe that is why we see a lot of unique
painting, sculpture, architectural achievements, and other defining works of art.
Though the term contemporary art is a bit subjective, it refers to the recent and current
practice of art ranging from the 1970s up to the present. It is also defined as art created by
those living today since the term “contemporary” means existing or occurring at the present time.
In vernacular English, “contemporary” is synonymous to “modern” but contemporary art is different
from modern art. Any art produced by artists in this day and age is contemporary art – which is
why it is called the art of today. Sometimes, it is called the art of the 21st century.
It is important to note, however, that it may be difficult to identify the preliminaries of

contemporary art since the present is constantly changing and what we consider as
contemporary art today might no longer be true in the future.
Today’s artists work in and respond to a culturally diverse, technologically
advancing and multifaceted global environment. Artists of the contemporary time often use
a wide range of media and often reflect and comment on modern-day society. They
challenge their viewers to ask whether the art is challenging or interesting, rather than the usual
questions like, “Is the work of art good?” or “Is the work aesthetically pleasing?” Traditional ideas
of how art is defined, what constitutes art, and how art is made is questioned every so often
and in some cases, rejects the styles and movements that came before it.
Clearly, contemporary artists have turned away from realistic representation and the
depiction of the human figure and have moved towards abstraction, which greatly influenced
and continues to inspire artists of today. Whatever the interpretation is, artists always have a
purpose in creating art.

There are many reasons why people make art – probably as many as people making art.
As mentioned in the earlier part of this lesson, art has been primarily used as a tool for
communication. However, throughout history, art has come to serve other purposes. Let us
learn some of the few reasons why people create art:
For Worship
As seen in many religious structures like the churches, pyramids, temples (such as the
nearly barren Rock Garden at Ryoan-ji temple near Kyoto, Japan) and so on, art functions to
enhance religious contemplation. Religious institutions incorporate artists’ creative skills into their
sacred rituals such as the singing of worship songs. The stained glass windows and sculptures
that you see in churches are designed to communicate biblical teachings. Christian
iconography and Christian-themed artworks are also evidences that art is used to glorify one’s
deity.
To Evoke Emotions and Feelings

Using the elements and principles of art (be it visual, audio or performing arts), the artists
(through their creative skills) convey feelings such as anger or happiness in their artwork, which
become the message of the artwork to show the desired emotion or experience.
To Reinforce Cultural Ties and Traditions

People of different cultures express their identity through their artwork. The place they
live, their way of life, their beliefs and traditions are also seen among their works of art. Through
art, different cultures of different times communicate with each other via images, sounds and
stories – making art a vehicle for social change as it influences the society by translating
experiences across time and space.
For Adornment
Various art has been used to beautify not just the human body but the surrounding as
well. A sense of face-lift is given to one’s body through fashion, jewelries, and tattoos just as
flower arrangement and decorative art pieces do to give a make-over to the environment.
Note that adornment does not only reflect culture, but also the trends within a culture.
To Tell Stories
Just as authors or song writers use words to tell stories; and dancers use actions and
steps to depict a tale; artists use paint or charcoal to describe scenes, characters, action or
conversations. Notice, too, that when you listen to your favorite music, you can relate to the
story that it tries to portray or imagine looking at a photo and understands its narrative without
having to read a text about it.

To Capture Historical Events and People
Before cameras were born, artists used painting or sculpture to capture portraits of
important people or important events. Aside from these, artists of today take photographs, or
create drawings or sketches, or even come-up with entertaining video clips to pay tribute or to
express their feelings and opinions about an important person or event. Have you seen
editorial cartoons about our government? Do you remember taking a photo of the late Kobe
Bryant when he visited the country using your smartphone? Try to recall the many artworks on
COVID-19 that are really catchy but meaningful. These are artworks that seize important events
or people.
For Recognition
Gaining fame and fortune has also become a reason for artists to create art. TV and
movie stars, musicians, and a number of visual artists have used art as their bread and butter
due to the potential of huge earnings. Some artists have earned financial success and have
become critically acclaimed because of their talent and reputation. Unfortunately, not all
artists are as fortunate – many still struggle to make ends meet as their income depends on who
patronizes their art.
To Bring Attention to Ordinary Objects

Some artists choose to focus on ordinary objects and give us another view of what the
object could be and what art really is. As a modern trend in art, we see all kinds of everyday
objects turned into art making ordinary objects unique as they become the focus of the artwork.
In truth, the purposes, motivations, intentions, and inspirations behind the creation of art
are endless. Those discussed above are just some of the reasons why we make art. Whether art
helps us see what is not easily perceived, or brings out that which cannot be seen or felt easily,
art allows us to express ourselves and reflect what is beautiful around us.
Take a look at the following artwork:

Do you recognize the
everyday objects used in each
artwork? Who would have thought
that a pair of used socks, two
bananas, a pair of scissors, an
orange, a push pin or a piece of
double A battery can turn into a
simple but distinct artwork? If you
Photos taken from https://www.boredpanda.com/everyday-objects-turned-into-illustrations-javier-
were given the exact same objects,

what artwork can you make out of the said objects? Surely, you will all create different artworks
— though there may be similarities, but like it or not, the output will still be unique.
Analyzing artworks can lead us into different interpretations - some may be beautiful for
you and some may not be; some may have a positive impact on us and some may have a
negative one. The point is, studying art teaches us to distinguish and understand individual
differences. Our opinions differ from one another and learning to value these diversities makes
us more sensitive to others. In real life, misunderstandings arise because people fail to
recognize these differences. So many political issues were at stake during the Enhanced
Community Quarantine due to COVID-19 in the first quarter of the year 2020 and mind you,
there are people who ended up unfriending their friends in Facebook because they are not on
the same page. Listening to (or reading) other people’s opinions is the same as viewing an
artwork. The audience may not agree on the same interpretation but one way or another, the
audience feel the emotion or experience being portrayed in the artwork. That is what matters.
Studying and creating art enhance our decision-making and problem-solving skills. At this
point, one has to realize that there is no single approach in solving problems. What if your
teacher asks you to draw something out of a paper clip? What will you make out of it? A
trumpet? A tank? A rabbit ear, perhaps? It is certain that there are many ways of dealing with this
task—just as there are many ways of handling your problems or solving an obstacle. Again,
there would be similarities in your work but your individual outputs will be essentially different and
unique from each other. Be that as it may, you will realize that there are correct solutions
available for you for each problem that you will encounter. With a pint of imagination and a
pinch of resourcefulness, you can find creative ways of solving a difficulty, which is an important
skill valued in real-world scenarios.
Now that you realize the many reasons why art is created and why there is a need to
study art, we will now move on to identifying the kind of artistic output that an individual makes
as a result of his or her human creativity and self-expression. Indeed, art comes in various forms
such as literary art (like poetry, short stories, novels, essays and plays) and applied art (which
include fashion design, interior design, graphic design and many more). But the most common
among these forms are visual and performing arts. This topic will focus on contemporary visual
and performing arts.
Artworks that are primarily visual in nature are considered as visual arts. In other words,
these are art forms that are perceived and appreciated using our sense of sight. Among these
include fine arts, decorative arts, and contemporary art forms. Let us learn in brief about each
form on the next page.

1. FINE ARTS
When we think of artworks, we readily associate fine arts with art. Initially, fine arts are
artworks that are developed for aesthetics or beauty. These art forms are primarily created for
its appearance and ability to stimulate the intellect rather than its functional value. However, as
time passed, the term “fine art” extends its definition as it embraces new artworks that emerge
from new technology and artistic inventions.
Truly, the definition of fine art changes with time but most artworks under it encompass the
following examples:
a. Drawing d. Printmaking g. Architecture
b. Painting e. Graphic Art
c. Sculpture f. Calligraphy
2. DECORATIVE ARTS
Also called decorative crafts, these art forms are created because of its aesthetic
design and practical use. Unlike fine arts whose function is to be looked at, decorative arts are
utilitarian in nature - they are both beautiful and functional. Makers of these art works starting
from the Renaissance period up to the 20th century were not considered as artists. Instead,
they were called craftsmen. Although this difference slowly changed over the years, believers of
this old-fashioned term still exist up to now.
Examples of decorative arts include:
a. Textile Art f. Book Illustration j. Pottery
b. Glassware g. Embroidery k. Tapestry
c. Jewelry h. Floral Arrangements l. Interior Design
d. Furniture and accessory furnishings i. Metal Craft m. Fashion Design
e. Earthenware
3. CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS

Contemporary art forms are considered as a special type of art that cannot be easily
categorized as fine arts or decorative arts because of the newly conceived art styles and
techniques that did not exist in the first two art forms, which were discussed earlier. New and
unusual, these art forms include recently art styles and techniques that appear to be difficult to
distinguish as it usually lacks a single objective or point of view. Oftentimes, its view is unclear
and conceivably reflective of the world today. It may seem confusing and open-ended, and
sometimes contradictory.
It should be noted, however, that contemporary art and contemporary art forms are two
different things. The former is defined as the art of today, created in the second half of the
20th century or in the 21st century, which also includes traditional art forms such as paintings,
sculptures and the like. The latter, on the other hand, is defined as artworks that can be
produced using new art techniques. Examples of contemporary art forms partly include:

a. Assemblage d. Performance Art g. Conceptual Art
b. Collage e. Digital Art
c. Installation f. Land Art
This is art form in which artists make use of their voices, body movements or non-living
objects to express one’s emotions and feelings. Performing arts are meant to be performed in
front of a live audience to provide entertainment in theatres or opera houses, open air
stages, on stages in tents such as circuses, and on the street. Artists who participate in this form
of art in front of an audience are called performers. They are usually more known as actors,
circus artists, comedians, dancers, magicians, musicians, and singers.
Performing arts are classified every so often into: theater, dance and music. Let us now
have a short discussion of each.
1. THEATER ARTS
Due to Covid-19 that has affected the whole world, including the Philippines in the first
quarter of 2020, the musical play “Ang Huling El Bimbo” became available for streaming on
ABS-CBN’s Facebook and YouTube pages for 48 hours as a fundraising activity for the victims
of the pandemic. Originally, the production ran at the Newport Performing Arts Theater at the
Resorts World Manila in 2018 and a second run played in 2019. But because everything was
shutdown to help flatten the curve through social distancing, the play was cancelled. If you
were lucky to have watched this musical play, then theater arts is very clear to you.
Also known as play, this branch of performing arts involves the integration and
combination of the visual and performing arts. Theater Arts involves performers who act out
stories that are based on reality or imagination using a combination of speech, gesture, music,
dance and visual arts as props to convey the story in front of an audience.
Common examples include:
a. Mime d. Opera
b. Puppetry e. Musical Theater
c. Tragedy f. Traditional Theater
2. DANCE
Dance is defined as regulated or deliberated order of body movements. This form of
performing arts typically refers to human movements that have aesthetic value and are often
performed with music accompaniment. Dance comes in various forms and styles and the art of
making dances is called choreography while the person who practices this art is a
choreographer.
Among the many styles of dance are:

a. Ballet e. Contemporary Dance i. Modern Dance
b. Ballroom Dance f. Folk Dance j. Traditional Dance
c. Belly Dance g. Improvisational Dance
d. Break Dance h. Hip-hop Dance
3. MUSIC
Who does not love music? A lot of you would agree that music changes our behavior as
it affects our emotions. Being a universal form of art, music is defined as the manipulation of
sound and silence. This form of art combines different elements such as pitch, rhythm, dynamics,
timbre, and texture to create sound, which happens to be the material of music. It is performed
using musical sounds from various musical instruments, or using the human voice with style or
technique, or a combination of both. Further, a music can be improvised or planned, and can
occur in recorded formats or even performed live.
Common among the many genres of music are:
Art Music – is the umbrella term used to refer to music that stems from Western Classical
Music. It is usually presented and preserved through written musical notations that were
developed in Europe.
Popular Music – generally refers to music that is accessible and commercially available to
the public. It is played or disseminated through different mass media outlets such as
radios, television, and the Internet.
Traditional Music – are musical forms that are community and culturally based. It is diverse
with one community or group often having a different form from another. It is learned
and preserved by passing it to one generation to another through oral communication
and actual performance.
You may be wondering why this discussion was limited to Visual and Performing Arts alone.
The discussions that took place were mainly about contemporary art in general. It is imperative
to get a grasp of this first before we move on to more specific topics that comprise the core of
this subject. Later on, we will focus more on discussing contemporary arts in the Philippines.

 Art can be defined in many ways - as long as it is manifests human creativity and skill
to express oneself, it is considered art.
 Contemporary Art is the art of the modern day. It is the art of “now” since artworks are
produced in the present time.
 Contemporary Art dates back from Prehistoric Era (40,000—4,000 B.C.) where
earliest art forms and artifacts were found in rock carvings, engravings, pictorial
imagery, sculptures and stone arrangements to create representations of civilizations.
 Contemporary Art was influenced by various smaller movements such as
Postmodernism, Feminist Art, and Neo-Expressionism.
 Graffiti-like art or Street art, Conceptual and Pop Art, the Pictures Generation, and
Appropriation Art also shaped Contemporary Art.
 Artists create art for various reasons: for worship, to evoke emotions and feelings, to
reinforce cultural ties and traditions, for adornment, to tell stories, to capture historical
events and people, for recognition and to bring attention to ordinary objects.
 We study art not only to enhance our artistic and creative skills but also to distinguish
and understand individual differences, and to enhance our decision-making and
problem-solving skills.
 Among the many forms of contemporary art are visual arts and performing arts.
 Visual arts are art forms that are perceived and appreciated with the use of our
sense of sight. It can be Fine Arts, Decorative Arts and Contemporary Art Forms.
 Performing arts are art forms that involve the use of body movements, non-living
objects and voices to express one’s emotions and feelings and are meant to be
performed in front of a live audience.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
Grade Level and Section.: _______________________________________ Score: ________________
ACTIVITY 1.1
A. Multiple Choice. Now that you have the basics about Contemporary Art in general, let’s
see how much you learned from this lesson. Read each item carefully and encircle the letter
of the correct answer.
1. Artists in this art period aimed to show anxieties and raw emotions through distortion of
form and strong colors in their artworks. What do you call this art period?
a. Fauvism c. Expressionism
b. Cubism d. Realism
2. Artworks during this period are made of natural pigments and carvings to depict the
existence of the civilization of the early people.
a. Ancient Art c. Medieval Art
b. Prehistoric Art d. Renaissance Art
3. This art period is characterized by lightness and elegance, and makes use of natural
forms, asymmetrical designs and subtle colors.
a. Rococo c. Neoclassicism
b. Baroque d. Romanticism
4. Pieces of art are described as flat, two-dimensional with geometric forms and cubes of
objects with contrasting vantage points.
a. Surrealism c. Fauvism
b. Expressionism d. Cubism
5. Art works during this period have no distinct style or form. Instead, the artists are focused
on ideas and concepts to convey different meanings.
a. Conceptual Art c. Op Art
b. Pop Art d. Arte Povera
6. This art period is also called “poor art” because of the use of natural elements like soil,
rocks, paper, rope to evoke the time before industrialization.
a. Surrealism c. Arte Povera
b, Post-Impressionism c. Art Nouveau

ACTIVITY 1.1
(con’t.)
7. Artworks produced during this period had attention to detail and precision of the
human anatomy.
a. Realism c. Mannerism
b. Renaissance Art d. Neoclassicism
8. This period used everyday objects to show that art can be drawn from any source.
a. Contemporary Art c. Modernism
b. Pop Art d. Expressionism
9. The development in science and technology paved the way for the inclusion effects
and illusions that make the images or patterns appear to be moving or blurring.
a. Minimalism c. Surrealism
b. Conceptual Art d. Op Art
10. This period took place during the dark ages where artworks typically reflect grotesque
imagery and brutal scenery following the fall of the Roman Empire.
a. Ancient Art c. Medieval Art
b. Renaissance Art d. Mannerism

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: ________________
Grade Level and Section.: _______________________________________ Score: _______________
ACTIVITY 1.2
Below are examples of the different forms of art discussed under Visual Arts and Performing
Arts. Identify the form of art as it appears in each photo and then write the letter of the
correct answer on the space provide.d. You may refer to the choices inidcated in the box
below.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. _________ 4. ________
5. ________ 6. _________ 7. ________ 8. _________
9. _________ 10. _________
A. Collage D. Ballet G. Architecture J. Embroidery
B. Land Art E. Puppetry H. Folk Dance K. Graphic Art
C. Mime F. Sculpture I. Pottery L. Traditional Dance

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 1.3
Choose a painting from the early history of art and fill-in the following:
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Title of the masterpiece and artist’s name
DESCRIBE INTERPRET
Name the objects, patterns, Express the meaning or story
style or materials used suggested in the artwork
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 1.4
Many changes have taken place in the world of art over the past centuries. Fill-in the
diagram below to compare and contrast the art in the past and art in the present. You may
use bullet points for this.
Art in the Past Art in the Present

Similarities

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 1.5

LESSON 2
Elements of Visual Arts
In the previous lesson, we learned that producing

art is a means to express oneself. With a combination of
imagination and skill, one can create an aesthetic
output in the form of architecture, dance, cinema or film,
literature, music, theater or visual arts, which can be
shared with and appreciated by other people. Such
art does not only create beauty; it does not only
entertain or persuade other people. Rather, it allows
the audience to see what is in the imagination of the https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+art%3F&tbm= isch
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Then again, in the 1970s up to the present, artists 13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=d3nYYO7jNqGfr7wP6ZWnw
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are no longer confined
to doing traditional arts. Instead, they started combining different
art forms and media – mixing two or more art forms (i.e. sculpture
and music) to produce one specific artwork for an audience.
Although performing arts are already existent before the 1970s,
integrative arts came into being to provide individuals with the
broadest opportunities to explore a more unique and
unexpected way of creating an artwork. Integrative Arts is an
interdisciplinary art that brings together two or more art
disciplines (i.e music + drama = opera; or folk arts + western art =
https://www.google.com/search?q=integrative+
arts&rlz= 1C1SQJL_enPH925PH925&source contemporary visual art). Nowadays, integrative arts are most
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8bfxAhXay4sBHRmGBzgQ_AUoAXoECAEQBA& commonly applied to contemporary arts. In the Philippines alone,
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wM visual art forms are no longer the traditionally made paintings,
sculptures or architectures. Some of these are created for functional purposes like advertising
art, basketry, pottery, textile weaving, and many more.
ART, as explained in Lesson 1, is a means of communicating or conveying insights and
emotions. It is a way by which we, as viewers, appreciate what is being conveyed by the
painter, sculptor, or writer. As a result, we get to connect with the artist and develop a
relationship through an appreciation of his or her work of art.
To better understand an artist’s masterpiece, including his/her ideas and feelings, it is
best to learn about the Visual Elements of Art.

GET STARTED
WORD PUZZLE
There are 25 words in the puzzle that are associated with the elements of art. Can you find
them? Use crayons or highlighter to encircle the visual elements of art that you can find below.
S G D I A G O N A L C T O E J Y X M G N
S T X E T O E L P K O U A C I D A I R T
A H R B A R A E N I L N R K E C A P S H
M E E A S A L H K P O E L V J W B R H H
Y C S C I P R I M A R Y T H E D O I Y U
E Z T H X G B U T E Y H E J M D D L T M
L B E K Y Z H L C N V Z B S H U E E I O
E R U T X E T T S O D I C E A L T O S T
X M L L C G R U A I A H T B F U T B N I
P D A F R T O E B T G Q U C M R O F E O
U Y V P E G P K L A I W X D E A D E T N
A C Q M O A H J Z R M M V H G P B I N Z
L H O L H E O G B U N O E K U L S Q I E
L E A S A T I W S T I L P S R B U R F P
G N G V U Z C Y P A E W J C P L I N E M
A V X D N U O R G S E C O N D A R Y Q P
Then, write the words that you found on the space provided:
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
_______________________________________

Carry On What are the visual elements of art?
Can you describe each element?
It is easy to appreciate art if you are an artist. But how do you appreciate art when you are
not? This is where the elements of art play a significant role. As the building blocks of an artwork,
the elements of art serve as the stylistic features within the art piece, which allow the artist to
communicate with his/her audience. Through these elements, one can measure the quality of
artistry and is assured that the art piece follows the standards. The most common elements of art
include: line, color, shape and mass, space, value, texture, and time and motion.
1. LINE, also called as “stroke,” marks the distance between two points, which is used for outlines
and implied lines in artwork and design. It has a width called thickness, and a direction as well
as length. Solid lines are usually used to define form while broken lines are typically used to
suggest hidden forms. The following are examples of line:
Straight Line
Curved Line
Diagonal Line
Dotted or Dashed Line
Zigzag/Jagged Line
Perpendicular Line
Parallel Lines
2. COLOR refers to visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects due to the
way various wavelengths of light are reflected. Color is an essential element because it can
communicate information and emotion to the viewer.
PROPERTIES of COLOR
 HUE refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color wheel. It is also a term
assigned to the colors yellow, black, blue or red, and the like.
 INTENSITY / SATURATION is the vividness of the color referring to its brightness and dullness. It
can also refer to the purity of the color. A bright color can be produced by adding more

pigment to the same hue, while a dull color can be
produced by adding gray or the color’s complement to
the pigment.
 VALUE refers to the lightness and darkness of a color. A
light color or tint is the result of adding white to a hue, while
a dark color or shade results from adding black to a hue.
THE COLOR WHEEL https://www.google.com/search=tint+color+wheel&tb m=isch&ved=

2ahUKEwiRpdLHobHxAhUZSZQKHbwSB-MQ2-cCegQIABAA &oq=
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The COLOR WgAcAB4AIABvAGIAaoMkgEEMi4xMJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n

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rlz=1C1SQJL_enPH925PH925#imgrc=Z4CwEtwFaBBihM
WHEEL, which is
an arrangement of primary, secondary, and
tertiary colors, is an important tool to identify
which colors can work well if used in a certain
artwork. Those sets of colors are referred to as
COLOR SCHEMES or COLOR RELATIONSHIPS.
TYPES OF COLORS
a. PRIMARY COLORS are known as basic colors
because they cannot be created by mixing
other hues. Since humans are trichromatic, the
primary colors yellow, red, and blue are
https://www.google.com/search?q=primary%20color%20wheel&tbm=isch&rlz=1C1SQJL_enPH925PH925&hl=en&sa=X&
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fundamental to human vision. Primary colors are
the building blocks of all other colors.
b. SECONDARY COLORS are created by the equal mixture of two primary colors. For example,
yellow and red make orange, red and blue make purple, and blue and yellow make green. On
a color wheel, the secondary colors are located between two primary colors.
c. TERTIARY COLORS or INTERMEDIATE COLORS are created when you blend secondary and
primary colors together. On a color wheel, the tertiary colors are found between the primary and
secondary colors. Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green, and yellow-
green are examples of tertiary colors.
COLOR SCHEMES
MONOCHROMATIC color scheme involves using the same

hue but with different gradients of value.

ANALOGOUS color scheme entails the use of three or four
adjacent colors in the color wheel.
COMPLEMENTARY color scheme involves the use of a color

and its complement – the color located opposite of the first
color.
SPLIT-COMPLEMENTARY color scheme is a close relative to

the complementary color scheme. But instead of using the
color’s complement, this scheme uses two colors adjacent to
the complement.
TRIADIC color scheme uses three colors that are of equal

distance with each other.
TETRADIC color scheme, also known as double-complementary

color scheme, uses two pairs of complementary colors.
3. SHAPE and MASS refers to areas with boundaries identified or drawn

using lines.
SHAPE can be natural or living forms called organic shape and it
can also be geometric like square, rectangle, circle, triangle, oval,
octagon, etc. It is two-dimensional (2D) where a line crosses over that
creates a shape. In other words, it is a flat figure with distinct https://www.google.com/search?q=shape+wheel+
2d&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi9-ZazpLHxAhVM7J
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measurements.
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MASS refers to solid portions of a three-

dimensional (3D) object. It shows height, width, and depth.
4. TEXTURE refers to the feel or appearance of a surface, denoting the

smoothness or ruggedness of the image or object. The texture may also
be described as actual/real or implied. Actual or Real Texture can be
https://www.google.com/search?q=shape+wheel+2d&
tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi9-ZazpLHxAhVM7JQKH
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felt tangibly based on the material that is used for the artwork, such as
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touching and feeling a sculpture. On the other hand, Implied Texture can
be exhibited, for instance, when we see a painted image of a pebble.

The photo on the right Actual Texture vs. Implied Texture
represents an example of the two
types of texture. Can you provide
your own examples?
https://www.google.com/search?q=actual+and+implied+texture&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj3wIW1pLHxAhULWpQKHTBpCYUQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=actual+and+implied
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AIAB4QOIAbookgEJMjAuMjIuNC0xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=lALVYPemKou00QSw0qWoCA&bih=656&biw=1381&rlz=1C1SQJL_enPH925
5. VALUE refers to the gradual change of lightness or

darkness of color in an. It is created when a light source
shines upon an object creating highlights, creating or
casting shadows for a two-dimensional object to give an
https://www.google.com/search?q=value+element+of+art&rlz=1C1SQJL_enPH925PH925&so
urce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiE78Xfp7HxAhUHyYsBHVmOAMUQ_AUoAXoECA
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illusion of depth.
6. SPACE refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as well as the area
surrounding that object or subject. An illusion of space can still be created in a two-dimensional
surface using perspective.
TWO TYPES of PERSPECTIVES

a. ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE, also called Aerial Perpective, utilizes the properties of light
and air in depicting the illusion of distance. It deals with how the appearance of an object is
affected by the space or atmosphere between it and the viewer.
b. LINEAR PERSPECTIVE involves the use of vanishing points and receding hidden lines to
determine how much an object’s apparent size changes with distance.
Can you determine which one from the photo below is Atmospheric Perpective and which
one is Linear Perspective?
7. TIME and MOTION refer to movement in the visual arts. It can either be an illusion or an
actual motion. An illusion of movement is more common in two-dimensional artworks while actual
motion is easily seen in kinetic sculpture, a type of sculpture that moves with the wind or are
vibrating with the surrounding air.

https://www.google.com/search?q=kinetic+sculpture&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiij8-VgbLxAhUOhJQKHRhzDGoQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=kinetic+sculpture&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAM
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 The visual elements of art are the building blocks of an artwork.

 The visual elements of art are:
 Line
 Shape and Mass
 Color
 Value
 Texture
 Space
 Time and Motion
 The color wheel is a helpful tool that enables the artist to determine which colors
can work well together if used in an artwork.
 The elements of art convey the ideas and emotions of the artist as portrayed in the
art piece.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 2.1
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and undesrtand each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided.
1. _____ is the property of color that refers to pure colors such as yellow, black, blue or red.
a. Saturation c. Hue
b. Value d. Intensity
2. _____ is a stroke that marks the distance between two points.

a. Texture c. Mass
b. Line d. Shape
3. _____ is a color-scheme that uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other in
the color wheel.
a. Triadic c. Complementary
b. Tetradic d. Analogous
4. _____ color scheme is the color located opposite of the first color.
a. Split-Complementary c. Intermediate Color
b. Monochromatic d. Complementary
5. A three-dimensional object represents what element of art?

a. Shape c. Texture
b. Mass d. Value
The following images are examples of elements of visual arts. Determine the element being
described in each photo. Use the following choices for numbers 6 to 10.
a. Linear Perspective b. Illusion c. Space

d. Value e. Actual Texture f. Atmospheric Perspective
g. Mass h. Kinetic sculpture i. Analogous

ACTIVITY 2.1
(con’t.)
6. This image shows the element of art called __________.
7. The image shown is an example of __________.
8. This image represents the element of art called __________.
9. The following is an example of __________.
10. This image is an example of __________.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 2.2
FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS. Provide what is being asked for in each item to check if you can
apply the Elements of Visual Arts correctly.
1-4. Draw a two-dimensional triangle below. Divide your triangle into three. Color each part
using different values of a pirmary color of your choice.
Identify the following using the given color wheel below.

n 5-8. What are the analogous colors of red? ____________________
_________________________________________________________
9-10. What is the split-complementary of green? ________________
_________________________________________________________
11-13. What are the colors that belong to the tetradic color
scheme of yellow? ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
14-15. Draw your favorite fruit and show your artistic skill in creating an implied texture on the
fruit.

ACTIVITY 2.2
(con’t.)
16-20. Draw any landscape to show an atmospheric perspective.
21-25. Draw any city-scape to show a linear perspective.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 2.3
Below is Fernando Amorsolo’s painting entitled, “Bataan from Manila Bay”. Critique this
remarkable artwork using the Visual Elements of Art.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
FERNANDO AMORSOLO’S PAINTING OF BATAAN FROM MANILA BAY
Photo taken from: https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images; _ylt=A wrPiBfJBA1h0hIAVkmzRwx.;_ylu=Y29sbwNzZzMEcG9zAzEE
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__________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 2.4

LESSON 3
Various Art Forms
Found in the Philippines
and its Elements
Filipinos are known for their artistic and creative skills. Several artists have been
recognized in and out of the Philippines for their masterpieces. In this lesson, we will learn about
the various art forms found in the Philippines such as Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, and other
forms of visual arts. These topics will lead us to understanding how different art forms are
combined in the modern world.
GET STARTED
PAINTER FOR A DAY

The Covid-19 Pandemic has turned the world upside-down. Aspects of the human life changed,
and even stopped as the need to adopt to the New Normal arise. If you are to paint a
picture of the Covid-19 Pandemic, what will it look like? Create your own masterpiece below
using any medium.

Look around you. Can you identify art works that are
Carry On found in your own region? To what art form does each
belong to?
A painting is a two-dimensional image or artwork created using pigments or color on a

ground such as canvas, cardboard, paper or wood. The pigment may be in a wet form, such
as paint, or a dry form, such as pastels. Other variety of materials used are acrylic, charcoal, ink,
oil, and watercolor. Since painting is created on a flat surface, it can be described as an
artwork that has only height and width.
Let us discuss the different forms of painting.
1. EASEL PAINTING is the most common form of painting. This involves
applying color to a board or canvas that is fixed on an upright support
called an easel. These are typically meant to be framed and hanged on a
wall after creating them.
2. MURAL is a huge-sized painting
usually created on a wall that aims to
convey a message to the public. In the modern-day, a
new form of mural was developed to prevent the mural
from being erased from the wall – a portable mural was
created using bold strokes and bright colors on pieces
of cheesecloth or canvas.
3. TELON PAINTING is
an artwork synonymous to a backdrop or background for a
stage usually used in popular forms of theater arts in the
country such as komedya, sarswela, or sinakulo.
4. JEEPNEY and CALESA
PAINTING is an artwork that is
created on the famous
transportation of the country.
Geometric shapes, repetitive
patterns and thin lines,
typically in one color, are painted on the
borders of the calesa while colorful
logos, images (mostly religious), and texts
are painted to cover the jeepney’s body.
5. COLLAGE involves the combination of different images to form a single
artwork.

As mentioned earlier, paintings are created using different materials. The following are the
various media used in painting:
MATERIALS USED IN PAINTING
1. OIL PAINT is a thick, shiny paint made by mixing pigment with oil (usually linseed). Oil paintings
take several days to dry but the art piece lasts very long.
2. ACRYLIC PAINT is a thick shiny paint made by mixing pigment with water and an acrylic base.
Unlike oil, acrylic paint is cheaper and dries within a few hours.
3. POSTER PAINT is a solid water-based paint that dries to a matte finish.
4. FRESCO is Italian for "fresh". The technique involves painting with dry pigment on wet plaster.
Note that Fresco a secco involves painting on dry plaster.
5. TEMPERA is a water-based paint that may or may not be mixed with egg yolks (egg
tempera).
6. WATERCOLOR is a soft and transparent paint made from pigment, water and gum Arabic.
One can actually create a painting from any kind of theme. The most common themes
used in painting are:
1. STILL LIFE involves the use of natural or man-made objects in a natural-setting. It can be
flowers, food, or musical instruments. A still life reveals an artist's skill in painting shapes, light,
and shadow.
2. PORTRAIT is an image of a person or animal. Aside from showing what someone looks like, a
portrait often captures a mood or personality.
3. LANDSCAPES portray a natural scenery or an outdoor scene. A landscape artist uses paint
to create not only land, water, and clouds but air, wind, and sunlight. In the contemporary
time, landscape paintings are created using mixed media.
4. SEASCAPES make use of large bodies of water like the ocean or the sea as the subject of
the painting.
5. INTERIORS refer to the painting of the space inside of a house or a building, which shows the
social class of the people living in it as well as their traits.
6. HISTORY portrays scenes from the past, which often teaches a lesson about national values.
7. RELIGION is another common subject used in paintings. It includes religious images, lives of
saints, and scenes from the Bible that portray a sacred story or express an artist's faith.
8. GENRE painting depicts people in their daily activities. Basically, it is a painting of scenes
that capture life in action. It could show a farmer tilling a land, a busy street, a beach party,
a dinner gathering, or any place where living goes on.
9. NUDES are portrayals of the unclothed human figure.
STYLES IN PAINTING
1. ABSTRACT ART refers to a style of painting that does not use figurative reality as a reference.
The artist alludes to his or her subject and reduces it to a simplified form.

FOUR TYPES OF ABSTRACT ART
 Abstract Expressionism paintings are emotionally intense and spontaneously created by
the artist.
 Color Field paintings are characterized by large, solid colors on a flat plane. The colors
are the subjects themselves, and they are normally painted on large canvas material.
 Lyrical Abstraction refers to abstract paintings that are softer and more romantic in
 Cubism is characterized by geometric figures. Cubist painters analyze the subject and
break it up into a geometric abstract form.
2. SURREALISM portrays images that are often illogical and have a dream-like quality about
them.
3. CONCEPTUAL ART is a modern art style where the artist believes that concept is more
important than artwork itself.
4. POP ART occurred as a reaction to abstract expressionism, which mid-1950s British artists
believed was art that was far-removed from daily life.
5. PHOTOREALISM is one that looks as realistic as a photograph. This is done by taking a
picture of the subject and then painting it.
6. HYPERREALISM is an advancement of the photorealism art movement. Artists use high-
resolution cameras to take photographs and paint them on canvas.
7. MINIMALISM is an art movement that is, as expected, characterized by simplicity. Minimalist
paintings strip down the subject to its very essence.
8. FUTURISM concerns itself with subjects like the technology, speed, violence, and the future of
the world. It concerns itself with the depiction of man’s triumph over nature.
9. IMPRESSIONISM is characterized by thin brushstrokes and an emphasis on the depiction of
light. It is often painted outdoors to capture sunlight and color of their subjects.
10. FAUVISM focuses on strong color. Artists employing this style have wild brush strokes and
highly simplified subjects.
Sculpture comes from Latin word “Sculpere”, meaning to carve. Sculpture as plastic arts
refers to the creation of three-dimensional figures, forms or designs from a single block mass of
materials. Carving and Modelling are the traditional ways of creating a sculpture, sometimes in
stones, metals, ceramics, woods or other materials. However, in the modern day, one has the
complete freedom to choose what kind of materials and process to use.
TWO MAJOR PROCESSES:
1. Subtractive – is when unwanted materials are cut away to form a figure.
2. Additive – is the putting together of materials to form a figure.

TECHNIQUES in SCULPTURE:
1. CARVING is a subtractive process where the material is removed. This is common in woods or
stones (specifically marble).
2. MODELING is an additive process where the material is added to build up a shape. This is
applicable to clay, wax, plaster, or paper-mache
3. CASTING involves the use of a mold to form molten bronze (or other material) into a desired
shape. Note that the “Lost Wax” Method is often used for jewelry or small sculptures
4. CONSTRUCTION is an additive process that involves welding, gluing, or nailing materials
together.
5. ASSEMBLAGE is an additive process that involves assembling of found objects in unique
ways.
6. KINETIC SCULPTURE involves the use of movable parts (like the wind).
MATERIALS USED IN SCULPTURE

 Stone – although heavy, this material is hard and durable, and weather and fire resistant.
 Basalt and Diorite (black and hard)
 Marble (finely-grained, with crystalline sparkle)
 Granite (tough, coarse-grained but suitable for bold effects)
 Limestone (softer)
 Wood – is lighter, softer, and cheaper, and easy to cut.
 Terra Cotta - which means “baked earth” is made by firing clay, as in pottery making.
 Bronze - is solid and too expensive. The difficulty in casting bronze is one of its
disadvantages.
KINDS OF SCULPTURE
1. Relief Sculpture is a kind of sculpture that does not have a flat horizontal base. It is usually
attached to a surface or a background. Two types of Relief Sculpture are:
a. Low Relief or Bas Relief – is slightly higher from the flat
surface. The lowest reliefs are likened to the figures carved on
coins. The figure has clear contour lines that are noticeably
attached to any surface. An example is the relief sculpture of the
Malolos Congress as shown on the right.
b. High Relief - is when the
MALOLOS CONGRESS. Image taken from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i &url
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visible because many elements are
completely detached from the background. In fact, looking at
high relief scuptures is like looking at free-standing statues
because it projects at least half or more of the depth of the
RIZAL STATUES IN MANILA.
https://www.google.com/search?q=high+relief+sculpture+philippines&rlz=1C1
figure.
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2. Free-standing or full-round is a kind of sculpture that can
independently stand in space. With its flat horizontal base, a
free-standing sculpture can be seen from all sides. An example of
this is the Blood Compact sculpture in Bohol.
3. Kinetic and Mobiles are moving three-
dimensional figures. These are those that are BLOOD COMPACT in Bohol.
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moving with the wind or is vibrating with the 5#imgrc=IkEVCxEeT-JotM&imgdii=G5qn3rK1vvOxAM
surrounding air. An example of kinetic sculpture is the one seen in City of Dreams
in Pasay City.
KINETIC SCULPTURE
IN CITY OF DREAMS.
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Did you know how varied the visual art forms of the Philippine regions?
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Aside from painting and sculpture, there are other forms of visual arts that can be
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seen in every region of the country and they are as follows:
It is composed of written works that hold a lasting importance in the culture of a particular
people. are considered to be very good and to have lasting importance. The first book
printed in the Philippines is the Doctrina Christiana, which had been published in
1593 in Manila. Among the examples of literature are prose and poetry.
1. POETRY refers to the type of literature that expresses one’s emotions or ideas using a
figurative or symbolic language, usually written in a group of lines or stanzas.
Elements of Poetry:
a. Meaning – the use of allusion, connotations, idioms, or any new words in portraying
the poet’s his feelings or ideas.
b. Figurative language – the use of simile, metaphor, and other figures of speech in
conveying a message without directly stating the literal meaning. This element allows
the artist to use an ordinary sentence that expresses a more impactful meaning,
which gives the readers new insights.
c. Imagery – the use of descriptions and details on objects, actions, and ideas that
appeal to the readers’ physical senses in order to give them a clearer picture of
the scene as if it was real.
d. Sound and Rhythm – the use of emphasis on words is sound while the position of
beats or the sound pattern of the work is rhythm.
2. PROSE uses sentences and paragraphs, and sounds like an ordinary speech or writing used

to inform and persuade the readers.
Elements of Prose:
1. Theme or content is the general idea or central thought of the composition.
2. Language and Style refer to the writer’s choice of words that affect the mood of the story.
This includes the use of sentence structures and figurative language in conveying the
message.
3. Form and structure are the sequence of topic and transitions that make up the whole
essay.
4. Plot or story line is the sequence of events in the story that gives the flow of the narrative.
5. Characters can be a person, an animal or even thing who takes part in the story.
6. Setting is the time and place where the story took place.
7. Point of View is the method and perspective that the writer uses in story in order for the
readers to see how the story unfolds. It is used to connect with and impact the
experience of the reader.
 First Person Point of View is when the main character is also the narrator of the story, as
told from his/her own perspective. Generally, this is revealed by the “I” sentence
construction and relies on first person pronouns like “I went to school today.” Oftentimes,
the reader assumes that this character is closely related to the story’s action – someone
close to the protagonist. Using this point of view provides intimacy and a deeper look
into a character’s mind.
 Second Person Point of View is structured around the “you” pronoun, which allows you to
draw the reader into the story and make them feel like they are part of the action
because the narrator is speaking directly to them. This type is less common in novel-
length work.
 Third Person Point of View is when the writer narrates the story about the characters and
refers to them with the third person pronouns such as “he/she.” This perspective is further
divided into three:
a. Third-person omniscient point of view is when the omniscient narrator knows
everything about the story and its characters. This narrator can enter anyone’s mind,
move freely through time, and give the reader their own opinions and observations
as well as those of the characters.
b. Third-person limited omniscient is often called a “close third”. This is when an
author sticks closely to one character but remains in third person. The narrator can
do this for the entire novel, or switch between different characters for different
chapters or sections. This point of view allows the author to limit a reader’s
perspective and control what information the reader knows. It is used to build
interest and heighten suspense.
c. Third-person objective has a neutral narrator that does not know the characters’
thoughts or feelings. Instead, the narrator presents the story with an observational
tone.

TRADITIONS AND FORMS OF PHILIPPINE POETRY:
Ethnic Tradition
 Epic relates adventures of a super hero with powers and serves as a code of values of a
particular ethnic group.
 Folk song is a song that is conveyed orally from one generation to another and known as
awiting bayan in Tagalog.
 Proverbs is composed of straight-to-the-point statements that teach morality and tradition
and usually expressed as rhyming pair of lines that depict two different elements.
 Riddle is a statement or question that offers a puzzle to be solved, which suggests a
challenging entertainment for the reader to figure out the answer.
 Short poem usually has four lines, with 5-12 syllables per line.
 Poetic Joust is a type of oral poetry competition held in the 17 th century. Also known as
Balagtasan, it stimulates the creativity and verbal agility of novice poets.
Spanish Colonial Tradition

 Metrical romance is a prose poem that do not have rhymes. It deals with themes such as
adventure and epic journeys, chivalry, folklores, interpersonal relationships, knights and fair
maidens, legends, religion, and rites of passage.
 Pasyon is an epic narrative of the Filipinos about the life of Jesus Christ. This is written in a
stanza with 5 lines, with 8 syllables per line. Pasyon provides a source of colorful and
dramatic images of Jesus Christ’ passion, death and resurrection.
FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY PROSE IN THE PHILIPPINES:
 Folk narrative is any story that depicts the people’s tradition, feelings, beliefs, and
judgments, that were handed down through words of mouth of the past.
 Myth is a legendary or traditional story that involves historical events and supernatural
beings, with or without factual explanations. Myths initially began with stories that were told
to provide logical explanations to people of a culture in order to explain natural
(i.e. origin of the world and its first inhabitants) or cosmic events.
 Legend lies between a myth and a historical fact. It is a story or narrative about the
historical lives of great men and women. Examples of this are:
a. Religious legend narrates the miracles of God and of the Saints.
b. Supernatural legend tells the story on the existence of beings from the underworld.
 Toponymical legend explains why a certain place has its name.Folktales are classified into
animal tales or fables, magic tales, humorous tales, novelistic tales, religious and didactic
tales.
 Essay explains the insights or information using description, narration, and humor.
 Novel is a lengthy and complex narrative of events based on the author’s imagination.

 Short story is a concise secular narrative with romantic, realistic and radical tradition.
 Komiks is a special form of contemporary literature which involves drawing frames showing a
set of characters with their actions and usually contains speech bubbles for their dialogues.
Music is an arrangement of sounds, combining vocal or instrumental sounds, to create a

continuous and unified composition for emotional expression.
Elements of Music:
1. Melody is the overarching tune created by playing a succession or series of pitches.
2. Rhythm is the pattern or placement of sounds in time and beats in music. Basically, rhythm is
the particular arrangement of note lengths – how long or short a sound is. It has three
qualities:
 Tempo - describes how fast or slow the music is
 Meter - refers to the unit of time that is made up of beats or pulses
 Rhythmic pattern – is the combination of notes and rest
3. Harmony is a combination of different tones or pitches played using the instruments that
support the melody.
4. Texture is the layer of the sound that describes how sparse or dense the music is. This is the
relationship of melodic and harmonic lines in music.
5. Dynamics is the degree of softness and loudness of music.
6. Timbre is the unique sound quality of an instrument or sound generated by the voice.
7. Form is the order or arrangement of the parts of the music. This is how the elements of music
are organized.
8. Tonality – is the overall sound of the music whether it is pleasant or unpleasant.
FORMS AND TYPES OF PHILIPPINE MUSIC:
Ethnic Traditional Music:

 Ballad is a narrative folksong that tells all kinds of stories about events happening in a
community. It includes histories, legends, fairy tales, animal fables, tales of outlaws and even
star-crossed lovers.
 Chant is a song with an unaccompanied melody and variable rhythm.
 Song Debate is sung by male and female singers who try to beat each other about a
certain topic.
European-influenced Religious and Secular Music:

 Art Song is a vocal music composition characterized by one voice with piano
accompaniment, merging the voice part, lyrics, and the accompaniment together to

achieve an artistic musical whole.
 Habanera/Danza is a social dance in duple time.
 Liturgical Music is a vocal and instrumental compositions that used in official rites of the
Christian churches.
 Kumintang is a love dance accompanied by a guitar and a string bass, characterized by
graceful hand and wrist movements popularly known as “kunday”.
 Pasyon is the chanting of a narrative poem about the life, death and resurrection of Jesus
Christ in various styles.
American-inspired Music:
 Classical Music refers to musical traditions of the West that were founded on the refinement
of Western folk music or popular music traditions.
 Semi-Classical Music refers to a musical composition in between classical and popular
music. It includes band and rondalla music, hymns and marches, sarswela music, and
stylized folk songs.
 Popular Music includes original music composed by Filipinos, which utilizes Western and
local musical flavors.
Dance is an art that involves a series of rhythmic human movements that are deliberately
selected to match the speed and rhythm of a piece of music.
Elements of Dance:
1. Body - involves the dancer’s body awareness in the execution of dance movements.
This is how the body of the dancer moves, what part of the body moves, what actions
are performed, and how the body supports itself. This is in relation to the following:
Parts of the Body Head, eyes, torso, shoulders, fingers. Legs, feet, etc.
Whole Body Design and use of the entire body
Initiation Core, Distal, Mid-limb, body parts
Patterns Upper/lower body, homologous, contralateral, mid-line, etc.
Body Shapes Symmetrical/asymmetrical, rounded, twisted, angular, arabesque
Body Systems Muscles, bones, organs, breath, balance, reflexes
Inner Self Sense, perceptions, emotions, thoughts, intention, imagination
2. Action - refers to how the person relates to the stage and to the production elements as
in what movements the dancer does. Movements may be:

Axial or in place Open – Close, Rise – Sink/Fall, Stretch – Bend, Twist - Turn
Laban Effort Actions Press, wring, sash, punch, flick, dab, glide, float
Traveling Locomotor: crawl, creep, roll, scoot, walk, run, leap, jump, gallop,
slide, hop, skip and many more.
3. Space - focuses on the area where the dance is performed. This includes the following:
a. Place In place – Traveling
b. Size - is the magnitude of a body Small – Large
shape or movement – from small to large
movements
c. Level - is the vertical distance from the High, Middle, Low or Deep
floor
d. Direction - refers to which way a dancer Forward - Backward, Upward - Downward,
faces or moves Sideward – Diagonally, Linear – Rotating
e. Pathway - are patterns made as the Locomotor or non-locomotor, traced in air,
dancer moves through the air or on the curved, straight, angular, zigzag, individual or
floor. combined
f. Plane Sagittal (wheel), vertical (door), horizontal
g. Focus Inward – Outward, Direct – Indirect

h. Relationships In front – Behind/Beside, Over – Under, Alone –
Connected, Near – Far, Individual and group
proximity to object
4. Time refers to the following:

a.. Duration Brief – Long
b. Speed Fast – Slow
c. Beat Steady – Uneven
d. Tempo Quick – Slow
e. Accent Single – Multiple, On Beat – Syncopated, Predictable –
f. Rhythmic Pattern Patterned (as in metric: 2/4, 6/8, etc., polyrhythms, cross-rhythm) or
g. Timing Relationships Before, after, unison, sooner than, faster than
5. Energy is referred to as dynamics. This element describes how energy is directed through
the body, and how the body releases it. Basically, this refers to the quality of the
movement which includes the following:

a. Attack Sharp – Smooth, Sudden – Sustained
b. Tension Tight – Loose
c. Force Strong – Gentle
d. Weight Heavy – Light
Strength: push, horizontal, impacted
Lightness: resist the down, initiate up
Resiliency: rebound, even up and down
e. Flow Bound (controlled or Free
f. Energy Qualities Vigorous, languid, furious, melting, droopy, wild, lightly, jerkily, timidly,
FORMS AND TYPES OF DANCES IN THE PHILIPPINES:
 Folk Dance is a dance developed by people to reflect the life of a certain region or
country. This is a dance that expresses the vernacular or historical culture of a group of
people. Examples include ceremonial dance, combative, courtship, exorcism, funeral,
game, torture, comic and religious dances.
 Ballet is a theatrical dance performed on stage with the use of costumes, music, scenic
design, and lighting.
 Modern Dance is a dance form that emerged during the 20th century that make use of
dance styles such as folk, ethnic, religious, and social dancing, and sometimes theatrical in
nature like ballet.
OTHER FORMS OF DANCE:
a. Aerobic dance is a dance intended to increase one’s consumption of oxygen over a

period of time. The dancer dances to the tune of popular music.
b. Bodabil dancing is an indigenized version of Vaudeville introduced to the Philippines in
the 1910s during the American period. It features a mixture of performance of American
ballads, torch songs, and blues numbers.
c. Jazz dance uses African dance techniques like the isolation of individual human body
parts, rhythm, and polycentrism.
d. Polynesian and Tahitian dance are dances that tell the ancient legends and folkore of the
Polynesian culture. These dances were described as sensuous that they were banned by
the missionaries in the 1800s.
e. Tap dance is a dance which involves tapping with toes and heels to generate rhythmic
patterns.

Theater is an art form that involves live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present
the experience of a real or imagined event in front of an audience, usually in a particular pace,
often a stage. The performers make use of carefully planned actions or gestures, and speech
combined with a song or a music to convey emotions.
Elements of Theater:
1. Actors are the persons on stage who portray specific characters for the audience.
2. Scenery or scenography is mostly integrated into the stage, which includes the set of
objects and scenery used to represent the space in which the acts take place.
3. Audience are the witnesses of the performance. Oftentimes, this element is taken for
granted but the truth is, the audience plays an important role in that the conception of a
play is carried out based on the cultural, social and psychological characteristics of the
audience in mind.
4. Script is the text that describes what happens in the play in the form of dialogues.
5. Lighting helps mark the moments of transition from one scene to another by turning off the
lights, but in some cases, lighting gives meaning to the play. For example, spotlights are
used to direct the audience’s attention to a certain point on the stage. Other times,
lighting is used to generate patterns of colorful movements that can fill the stage
depending on the emotion being portrayed in the story.
6. Make-up primarily beautifies the characters although this is not always the case. In some
instances, make-up produces effects on the actors’ faces so that they adopt to different
expressions as conveyed in the story.
7. Wardrobe is the costume that the actors wear to express the character being portrayed.
8. Sound is composed of the music and complementary sound effects that accompany the
story, which gives the audience a better understanding of what is happening in the story.
9. Voice Over is a series of statements being narrated by someone who is not in view of the
audience. It usually gives information related to the development of the plot.
10. Director supervises the actors and directs the entire production. He is the person-in-
charge of coordinating the rest of the elements of the theater, including the actions that
the actors must carry out to play their characters.
FORM AND TYPES OF PHILIPPINE THEATER:
 Dulang Pahiyang is a theater that is not viewed as a separate activity, but as a part of life.
a. Rituals – are characterized as a way to communicate with the Gods or spirits, which
involves a shaman, usually a babaylan or an albularyo, who calls the spirit and is
being possessed by that spirit.

b. Duplo – is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning, in which Balagtasan was derived
from.
c. Bayok – is a Maranao mimetic joust, whose theme is reliant on the occasion when the
joust is being performed.
d. Balitaw – is a poetic debate between a man and a woman.
 Dulambayan or the People’s Theater is considered as the “theater in the context of social
movements.” It depicts themes such as the current system of the government, nationalist
movements, and protests and propagandas.
a. Drama Simboliko - is the allegorical nationalist drama, which began during the
American regime and was revived later on during the Marcos regime.
b. Street Theater – is presented outside the theater building and without a stage area.
Although this can be applied in rituals and religious plays, political theater is also a
form of street theater.
 Teatrong Pansimbahan is focused on spirituality and is usually performed based on the
events implemented by the Church. Examples of this are: Komedya of the Moriones, Dapit
which portrays the Washing of the Feet of Jesus, Flores or Panunuluyan, Hudas or Osana,
Sieta Palabaras or Sinakulo, Salubong, etc.
 Theater as Arts is founded on Western models, where theater is viewed as a profession.
Examples include: Puppet Theater, Opera, Musical, Drama, and Comedy.
Note that the following are plays with Spanish Influence: Drama, Komedya, Sinakula, and
Sarswela, which is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that involves alternating spoken and sung
scenes. Being the most popular form of musical theater in the Philippines, it includes sung scenes
that incorporate operatic and popular song with themes about the domestic and social lives of
the Filipinos.
It is also important to note that the following types of modern plays are original plays by
Filipinos:
1. Representational Style – is a play that makes an illusion of reality using well-rounded
characters, placing emphasis on the individual’s psychological or social problems.
2. Presentational Style – is a play that focuses on discussing social issues and ideas either in
a) Documentary Style, which is performed to connect historical persons and events to
the present; and b) Dula-Tula, which is a dramatic monologue; or c) Brechtian Theater,
also known as Theater of Instruction, which features a social orientation.
Also known as a movie, motion picture or moving picture, Film is a work of visual art used to
communicate ideas, feelings, experiences using moving images that are shown on television

in cinema.
Elements of Film:
1. Narrative – tells the story of the film. It includes the story, characters, and setting.
2. Mise-en-scène – includes everything that appears in a frame like the sets, locations, actors,
props, costumes, lights and shadow as consolidated by the production designers, make-
up artists, set builders, cinematographers, and actors.
3. Editing – involves the editor’s use of time and continuity as tools in presenting the narrative.
Basically, this is the putting together of the pieces of scenes from different cameras into a
whole movie.
4. Sound is an influential aspect of the film as it includes three components: the dialogue, the
sound effects and the music.
5. Cinematography is defined as “writing in movement”. This is how something is shot and
framed based on photography. Cinematography includes camera angles, camera
movements, shot sizes, lighting and composition.
FORMS AND TYPES OF FILM:
 Aksyon (Action) – emphasizes conflict based on real-life stories or actual experiences of

persons, and based from the tradition of metrical romance or literary komedya.
 Animation is a film that involves the creation of illustrations or inanimate images and
bringing them to life.
 Bomba is a film that depicts nudity and sex but is different from X-rated pornography.
 Dokyu (documentary) is a motion picture that narrates news events or explanations on a
specific subject matter based on facts.
 Drama is a motion picture that dwells on personal problems and conflicts that `portrays
sentiments and emotion.
 Experimental is a film that involves the creation of something new and innovative, that is
never been done before with the camera.
 Fantasy is characterized by scenes from the imaginary world.
 Historical depicts actual events from the past.
 Horror is a film that brings fear to the audience.
 Komedi (Comedy) aims to bring laughter to the audience.
Certainly, the culture and arts in the Philippines is diverse. Other references classify the
forms of art in the country as follows:
 ADVERTISING ART is a graphic design used for advertisement and promotion. It can be in
the form of illustrations, photography, digital development and more. This form of visual art
aims to convince consumers and/or convey a message.

 BAMBOO ART refers to art pieces made from bamboo that are created for functional
use, or for decorations or ornaments.
 BASKETRY is the craft of making objects by weaving or coiling together materials like
grasses or twigs that result to baskets used for carrying, storage or even trapping animals.
 BOOK DESIGN is the art of incorporating content, style, format, design and sequence of
the various components and elements of a book to make a coherent work.
 COSTUMES refer to garments, including hairstyles and accessories that are worn by
individuals.
 EMBROIDERY refers to the art of decorating material, primarily textile fabric or other
materials by means of a needle and thread (or yarn and sometimes fine wire).
 FOOD ART is the art of preparing, cooking and presenting food in the most creative
ways.
 FURNITURE refers to movable objects that are decorative and functional. These are also
known as muebles or kasangkapan.
There are various forms of art that are found in the Philippines. These art forms include:
 Painting
 Types of Painting: Easel Painting, Mural, Telon Painting, Jeepney and Calesa
Painting, Collage
 Materials Used in Painting: Oil, Acrylic, Poster Paint, Fresco, Tempera,
Watercolor
 Common Themes: Still Life, Portrait, Landscapes, Seascapes, Interiors, History,
Religion, Genre, Nudes
 Styles in Painting: Abstract Art (Abstract Expressionism, Color Field, Lyrical
Abstraction, Cubism), Surrealism, Conceptual Art, Pop Art, Photorealism,
Hyperrealism, Minimalism, Futurism, Impressionism, Fauvism
 Sculpture
 Two Major Processes: Subtractive and Additive
 Techniques in Sculpture: Carving, Modeling , Casting, Construction,
Assemblage, Kinetic Sculpture
 Materials Used in Sculpture: Stone, Basalt and Diorite, Marble, Granite,
Limestone, Wood, Terra Cotta, Bronze
 Kinds of Sculpture: Relief Sculpture (Low Relief or Bas Relief and High Relief),
Free-Standing or Full-Round, Kinetic and Mobiles

 Literature
 Poetry and Prose
 Elements of Poetry include: Meaning, Figurative Language, Imagery, Sound and
Rhythm
 Elements of Prose include: Theme, Language and Style, Form and Structure, Plot,
Characters, Setting, Point of View
 Traditions and Forms of Philippine Poetry include:
 Ethnic Tradition: Epic, Folk Song, Proverbs, Riddle, Short Poem, Poetic Joust
 Spanish Colonial Tradition: Metrical Romance, Pasyon
 Forms of Contemporary Prose in the Philippines: Folk Narrative, Myth, Legend,
Toponymical Legend, Essay, Novel, Short Story, Komiks
 Music
 Elements of Music include: Melody, Rhythm, Harmony, Texture, Dynamics, Timbre, Form,
Tonality
 Forms of Philippine Music:
 Ethnic Traditional Music: Ballad, Chant, Song Debate
 European-influenced Religious and Secular Music: Art Song, Habanera/Danza,
Liturgical Music, Kumintang, Pasyon
 American-inspired Music: Classical Music, Semi-Classical Music, Popular Music
 Dance
 Elements of Dance: Body, Action, Space, Time, Energy
 Forms and Types of Dances in the Philippines: Folk Dance, Ballet, Modern Dance
 Other Forms of Dance: Aerobic Dance, Bodabil Dance, Jazz Dance, Polynesian
and Tahitian Dance, Tap Dance
 Theater
 Elements of Theater: Actors, Scenery, Audience, Script, Lighting, Make-Up, Wardrobe,
Sound, Voice Over, Director
 Forms and Types of Philippine Theater: Dulang Pahiyang, Dulambayan, Teatrong
Pansimbahan, Theater as Arts
 Film
 Elements of Film: Narrative, Mise-en-scene, Editing, Sound, Cinematography
 Forms and Types of Film: Aksyon, Animation, Bomba, Dokyu, Drama, Experimental,
Fantasy, Historical, Horror, Komedi
 Other forms of art in the country are: Advertising Art, Bamboo Art, Basketry, Book
Design, Costumes, Embroidery, Food Art, and Furniture

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 3.1
Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B. Write the CAPITAL LETTER of the correct
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. It is an artwork that serves as a backdrop for a a. Tempo

stage production.
b. Full-Round Sculpture
_____2. It is a material that involves the use of dry
pigment mixed with wet plaster. c. Mural
_____3. It is a huge-sized painting made on a wall d. Folk Song
intended to send a message to the public viewers. e. Poetry
_____4. The image on a piece of coin is an example of
f. Telon Painting
what kind of relief sculpture?
_____5. ____ is an epic narrative of the Filipinos about g. Tempera
the life of Jesus Christ. h. Third Person Point of View
_____7. It is an element of music that refers to how fast or i. Assemblage
slow the music is.
j. Bas Relief Sculpture
_____8. It is the love dance of the Filipinos.
_____9. The monument of Jose Rizal found in Luneta Park k. Carving
is an example of _____. l. Prose
_____10. ____ is a form of literature that uses figurative or
m. Fresco
symbolic language in lines or stanzas.
_____11. _____ is a point-of-view that uses the pronouns n. Doctrina Christiana
“he” or “she: in narrating the story. o. Pasyon
_____12. It is a form of dance that features a mixture of p. Habanera
the American ballads, torch songs and blues numbers.
q. Bodabil dancing
_____13. Awiting Bayan is also known as ______.
_____14. It is the first published literature in Manila. r. Kumintang
_____15. It is an additive technique in sculpture that s. Second Person Point of View
combines and arranges found objects in unique ways.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 3.2
Watch any folk dance on YouTube and describe it using the elements of dance
discussed in this lesson. Get a screencap of the dance and paste it on the space provided
below.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________ Paste a photo of the folk dance
that you watched on YouTube

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 3.3
CAPTION THIS! Describe the art form of each photo. Write your own caption inside the box for
each art form found in the various regions of the Phlippines. Then find out an important
desciption about each art form and write it down on the space provided.
Art Form: __________________________
Caption: ___________________________
Description: ________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
San Juanico Bridge (Leyte)
Art Form: __________________________

Caption: ___________________________
Description: ________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Ang Huling El Bimbo (NCR)
Art Form: __________________________

Caption: ___________________________
Description: ________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
El Gama Penumbra (CALABARZON)

ACTIVITY 3.3
(con’t.)
Art Form: __________________________

Caption: ___________________________
Description: ________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Ivatan House (Cagayan Valley)
Art Form: __________________________

Caption: ___________________________
Description: ________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Apo Whang Od Tattoo (Kalinga, Cordillera)
Art Form: __________________________

Caption: ___________________________
Description: ________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Singkil Dance (ARMM)

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 3.4
POETRY WRITING. Write a four-stanza poem depicting your municipality or barangay. Your
poem may be a free-verse in English or in Filipino. You will be graded based on the following
rubric.
BEGINNING DEVELOPING ACCOMPLISHED EXEMPLARY SCORE

1 PT. 2 PTS. 3 PTS. 4-5 PTS.
Form Uses an Uses an Effectively Creatively uses

(rhyme inappropriate appropriate uses an an appropriate
schemes, poetic form and poetic appropriate poetic form and
blank verse, lacks any real form but lacks poetic form length is good
lyric, free length any real length and length
verse, etc.)
Word Usage Student’s use Student’s use Student’s use Student’s use of
of of of vocabulary is
(Use of vocabulary is vocabulary is vocabulary is precise, vivid,
forbidden word very basic. more telling routinary and and paints a
is prohibited than Workable. strong clear and
and will merit a showing. complete picture
score of zero in in the reader’s
this part) mind.
Poetic Uses few or no Uses some Uses poetic Effectively uses

Techniques poetic literary/ poetic literary/ literary/ literary/rhetorical
(literary or rhetorical rhetorical rhetorical devices to
rhetorical devices devices to devices to reinforce the
devices) reinforce the reinforce the theme
theme theme
Effort Student’s work Student’s work Student’s Student’s work

lacks demonstrates work demonstrates a
understanding some demonstrates complete
of the understanding an understanding of
assignment. of the understanding the assignment
assignment. of the and goes beyond
assignment. the
requirements.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 3.4
(con’t.)
Write your poem on this page.
___________________________________________________
TITLE
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 3.5

Contemporary Arts
in the
Philippines
CONTENT STANDARD:
The learner demonstrates an understanding of the significant roles of artists from the
regions.
The learner creates avenues to advocate the arts from the different regions.
The learner:
1. Defines contemporary arts in the Philippines.
2. Researches on various contemporary art forms.
3. Explains Filipino artists’ roles and identify their contribution to contemporary arts.
4. Evaluates contemporary art forms based on the elements and priniciples.
5. Compares forms of arts from the different regions.
6. Interprets and relates the significance of art forms from the regions.
7. Promotes arts from the regions.
63 Contemporary Arts in the Philippines

LESSON 4
History of Contemporary Arts
in the Phlippines
We have learned in Unit 1 that Contemporary Art is the art of today. Any art piece that is
created in the present day is contemporary. We have also learned that Art through the ages
has evolved from one period to another. Let us have a quick recap of how contemporary art
was developed:
GREEK PERIOD ROMAN PERIOD CHRISTIAN PERIOD
1050 - 31 B.C. 753 - 509 B.C. 350—1450 A.D.
Technique Skill Craftsmanship
ROMANTIC PERIOD MODERN PERIOD RENAISSANCE PERIOD

1800 - 1900 1700 - 1800 1400-1500
Self-Expression Fine Arts Genius and Design
In this lesson, we will trace the history of Contemporary

Philippine Arts. We will also recognize the individuals who have
made significant contributions in the Philippine Arts through the
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
20th -21st Century most distinguished organizations known as the Order of the
New Art Forms National Artist of the Philippines and the National Living Treasures
of or Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA).
GET STARTED
I AM AN ART CRITIC
How do you like to be an art critic for a day? Choose one (1) visual art found in the
Philippines and paste a photo of it on the next page. Then, in your own words, describe the
artwork that you have chosen. Use the space provided below for your short critique:
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

Have you ever wondered how the Philippine art
Carry On developed? Try to research on this to see how the
Philippines is a gold mine of art.
From the previous lesson, we have learned that the Philippines has a variety of many other
art forms. Influenced by almost all spheres of the globe, Philippine art forms are products of not
only the different influences from the different time periods in the history of art, but also of the
social and cultural realities in the history of the Philippines.
While others believed that contemporary art emerged in the country as a reaction to the
age of repression and censorship of artistic expressions during the period of Martial Law, where
art works portray people’s opposition to the regime, expose the real condition of the Philippines,
and convey the Filipino people’s aspirations for change, others regarded the wake of EDSA
People Power Revolution in 1986 as the start of the Philippine contemporary period.
To better understand how Contemporary Arts in the Philippines began, let us trace how
art evolved beginning from the Pre-Colonial Period.
(6185 BC – 1520 AD)

This period includes the following periods: 1) Age of Horticulture/ Neolithic Period (6185
to 4,400 BC); 2) Metal Age (3190 to 190 BC); and 3) Iron Age (200 BC to 1000 BC).

During the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) in the 16000-8000 BC, the proof of earliest man’s
presence was recovered from the Espinosa Ranch Site in Cagayan Province - two flake tools
dated about 9 million years old. These are said to be the oldest man-made object
associated with the fossils of a proboscidean, a prehistoric elephant. Other flake tools are
recovered in Tabon Caves, Palawan and some stone tools in Bolobok Cave, Sanga-Sanga in
Tawi-Tawi.
Another notable art pieces during the Neolithic Age were the shell bracelets and
pendants (Neolithic) found in Cagayan, Palawan, and Sorsogon in 4854 BC. Shells were
fashioned into tools, as well as ornaments. The oldest known ornaments made from cone shells
were found in the early 1960’s in the grave of an adult male in Duyong Cave in Palawan. A
shell disk with a hole in the center was found next to his right ear and a disk with a hole by the
edge was found on his chest. The shell ornaments were dated 4854 B.C.
IMPORTANT ART WORKS during the Pre-Colonial Period:

 Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD) Duyong Cave, Palawan is a
kind of ear pendant fashioned from green nephrite (jade) is
the characteristic trait of the Early Metal Age. One of the
finest jade ornaments found to date is the double- headed Lingling-o found in Duyong Cave, Palawan
pendant recovered from Duyong Cave, Palawan. It is an
example of the superb craftsmanship of ancient carving in jade.
 Manunggul Jar – A burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in
Manunggul cave of Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point at Palawan dating from
890–710 B.C.
 Maitum Jar (Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 AD) - In 1991, the National
Museum archaeological team discovered anthropomorphic secondary
burial jars in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani Province,
Manunggul Jar found in the Mindanao, Philippines.
Tabon Caves of Palawan
Other Forms of Artworks during the Pre-Colonial Period:

1. Carving
 Bulul of Cordillera is a granary God that plays an important role in rituals
 Hagabi of Ifugao is a wooden bench
 Santos or Sculptures of Saints are famous in Laguna and Pampanga
 Okir of the Tausug, Samal and Badjao is the mythical Sarimanok, also known as the Naga
or Serpent.
2. Weaving
a. Textile Weaving
 Pis Siyabit of the Tausug of Sulu is a woven headpiece
 Malong is from the Maranaos of Lanao Del Sur

b. Mat and Basket Weaving
 Tepo Mat of the Sama of Tawi-Tawi is a double-layered mat made from Pandan
leaves
 Ovaloid Basket of the Itbayat of Batanes is a head sling made of nito or
bamboo used to carry the harvests
 Bubo of the Ilocos Region is a sturdy bamboo strips used to trap the fish
3. Ornamentation serves as representations of various ethnolinguistic groups
 Wearing of gold jewelry is common among the upper class Tagalogs
 Tattooing is common among the Visayans, which is believed to be a protection from evil
spirits. It also signifies bravery and maturity.
The Pre-Colonial Traditional Art is characterized by art pieces that depict the early
people’s daily activities that are integral to their lives like fishing, farming, etc. Other art works
have religious symbols that are used for ritual purposes and are either influenced by the local
religion (animistic) or Islamic-based; some art works, on the other hand, have specific decorative
art pattern that symbolizes the community. History says there was also an exchange of art
aesthetics and art processes with the Chinese and other Asian countries who frequents as
traders with our indigenous groups.
Baybayin is the most famous pre-colonial art form in the country. It is a Tagalog ancient
script also known in Visayan as badlit, derived from Brahmic scripts of India and first recorded in
the 16th century. People continued to use it during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines
up until the late 19th century. Other pre-colonial art are pottery, weaving, tattoo, jewelry,
carving, and metal crafts.
(13th Century - Present)

th
From the 13 Century up to the present, the Islam
have had influenced the Philippine art even before the
Spaniards came to colonize the country. With their
geometric designs and patterns, Islam believers learned to
select their focus. Among the Southern people of the
Philippines, the Filipino Muslims recognized that they belong
to an Ummah or a community of believers. They have faith in
the doctrine of or unity of God. One can even find the GEOMETRIC PATTERNS of ISLAM ART
notion of the Tawhid in the interiors of their mosques, which are covered with elaborate patterns
in the form of reliefs, which leads the believers to turn away from human forms and nature and
turn themselves toward the contemplation of the divine. In short, believers must learn to draw
their attention away from the concrete object to focus more on the Divine Being.

Significant Artworks during the Islamic Era:
1. Sultanate of Sulu was established by Sayyid Abbubakar
2. Qura or the Holy Text was introduced
3. Religious Schools called Madrasah were built
4. Islam became the religion and the way of life of the people of Mindanao (Tausug, Maranao,
Maguindanao, Yakan, Samat, Badjao)
(1521-1898)
During this period, art became a handmaiden of religion, serving to propagate the
Catholic Faith in support of the colonial order as well. Formal Painting, Sculpture and
Architecture inspired by the Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque and Rococo art styles were introduced
in this period.
Religious-based artworks, though Catholic in nature, still bore the Philippine themed
décor with Spanish influence.
SPANISH ART AESTHETICS AS ADOPTED BY FILIPINO ARTISTS

 Byzantine Art are artistic products of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, as well as the
nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. These are more Christian-based
art.
 The Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion
and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur
in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theater, and music.
 Rococo Art, originating from the early 18th century Paris, is characterized by whimsical,
curvy lines and elaborately decorative style of art, whose name derives from the French
word 'rocaille' meaning, rock-work after the forms of sea shells.
 Gothic Art is the style of art produced in Northern Europe from the middle ages up until the
beginning of the Renaissance. Typically rooted in religious devotion, it is especially known
for the distinctive arched design of its churches, its stained glass, and its illuminated
manuscripts.
IMPORTANT HAPPENINGS RELATED TO ART DURING THE SPANISH ERA

 Chinese artisans were engaged in making icons or saints made of wood or ivory
 Colonial churches were buillt
 Western musical instruments were introduced like the pipe organ, violin, guitar and piano
 Catholic liturgical music was introduced in 1742
 Choral music among boys were introduced
 Musical form based on Catholic faith emerged through the Pasyon

 Secular music, the awit and the korido were formed.
 Kundiman became popular as an expression of unrequited love for a beautiful woman.
 Baybayin script carved into bamboo poles was created by Mangyans.
 Zarzuela, an opera that features singing and dancing with prosed dialogue was
introduced .
 Komedya was also introduced.
 Folk dances such as the carinosa, pandanggo, polka, dansa and rigodon, habanera, and
tango were introduced.
 Visual Arts and paintings about Catholic devotion like the heaven, earth and hell became
popular.
UPRISING OF THE PHILIPPINE ARTISTS
In the formation of the elite Filipino class, the Ilustrados, paved the way for the rich locals
to study abroad to acquire a more “academic” and “western” approach of learning. As a
result, the Filipino Classicism was formed as influenced by the Neo-Classicism, Romanticism and
even a hint of Impressionism.
Among the Filipino Artists that emerged during this period are:
1. Damian Domingo
Recognized as the first Filipino to paint his face, Damian Domingo created the first Self-
Portrait in the Philippines. He is the founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school
of drawing in the Philippines (1821). He is also one of the known artist of the decorative
art illustrations tipos del pais watercolor paintings that depict local costumes, which later on
became an album of different native costumes.
2. Juan Luna is the first of the two Internationally renowned artist in the country. He was a
Filipino painter, sculptore and a political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late
19th century. His Spoliarium won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts.
3 Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo is one of the greatest Filipino painters along with fellow
painter Juan Luna in the 19th century. His work has a touch of Romanticism and aesthetics of the
Neoclassicism.
TWO FILIPINO ART STYLES DEVELOPED DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD

1. MINIATURISMO art style pays attention to the embroidery and texture of the costume.
2. LETRAS y FIGURAS art style fuses letters with figures in every day activity amidst a common
background. This is usually used in painting a patron’s full name.
(1898 – 1940) to Post-War Republic (1946-1969
The Americans brought in Education and Value Formation, with both following the

“American way of life” (Alice Guillermo, Sining Biswal, 1994, p. 4) to the Philppines. In the
American regime, art illustration, advertising and commercial design gained popularity and were
incorporated in Fine Arts. Painting themes still largely favored Genre Paintings, Landscapes and
Still Life while Portraits are reserved for high ranking officials with a more academic approach to
make the subject more formal.
POPULAR ART STYLE DURING THE PHILIPPINE COLONIAL AMERICAN PERIOD

 ART NOUVEAU is a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in Western
Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I and was characterized by
intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms..
Also called style moderne, movement in the decorative arts and architecture that
originated in the 1920s and developed into a major style in Western Europe and the
United States during the 1930s, was characterized by simple, clean shapes, often with a
“streamlined” look. Ornaments are geometric or stylized from representational forms and
unusually varied, that often made use of expensive materials.
Among the notable artists of this period are:

1. Fabian Dela Rosa
He is the brightest name in Philippine painting after Juan Luna and certainly the
leading Master of Genre in the first quarter of the century. His nephews are artists, Pablo and
Fernando Amorsolo.
2. Fernando Amorsolo
He is a portraitist and a painter of rural landscapes. He is best known for his craftsmanship
and mastery in the use of light. His art styles are influenced by Impressionism, Luminism, Realism
with subjects inspired by Philippine genre and history, nudes, and society portraits. Fernando
Amorsolo is the first awardee of National Artist Award in 1972
3. Guillermo Tolentino
Guillermo Tolentino is the recipient of the National Artist Award for Sculpture in 1973. He is
considered as the "Father of Philippine Arts" because of his great works like the famous
"Bonifacio Monument" symbolizing Filipinos’ cry for freedom and "The Oblation" in the University
of the Philippines, signifying academic freedom .
It is also important to note that during this period, the Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art
emerged, which paved the way to the Philippine Pre-Modern Art. They are Victorio Edades,
Carlos “Botong” Francisco and Galo B. Ocampos. The latter introduced the Modern Art styles in
such as pop art, maximalism, minimalism, abstraction, expressionism, constructivism, magic realism,
and environmental art before the World War II.

(1941-1945)
The Japanese are known to have advocated the culture of the East Asia, giving
importance to the indigenous art and traditions of the Philippines. Under the Japanese
occupation of Manila, the Modern Art project slowed down in pace because of the early
conservatives that continued to produce and participated in the KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa
Paglingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas) sponsored art competitions. However, art production sloped to
fulfilling the agenda and the demands of the new colonial order—the Japanese forces sought to
create a Pan-Asian identity that rejected Western traditions. Genre Paintings that were mostly
produced were about the normal daily life and neutral relationship between Filipinos and the
Japanese.
FAMOUS ARTISTS AND ARTWORKS DURING THE JAPANESE ERA

1. Felipe de Leon’s Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas is a music composition by National
Artist Felipe de Leon that was declared as the anthem for the said period, showing
allegiance to the nation reared in East Asia, where Japan was actively asserting its
political power.
2. Fernando Amorsolo’s paintings entitled Harvest Scene, Rice Planting, Bombing of the
Intendencia, and Ruins of Manila Cathedral
3. Sylvia La Torre’s song entitled Sa Kabukiran
4. Levi Celerio’s composition of Sa Kabukiran
5. Crispin Lopez’s painting of Study of an Aeta
6. Diosdado Lorenzo’s painting of Atrocities in Paco
7. Dominador Castaneda’s painting of the Doomed Family
(1946-1986)
PHILIPPINE MODERN ART (1946 – 1970)
The study of determining what is Philippine Contemporary Art Period is still being
determined at this time since the word has been used loosely used even during the American
Colonial Period. However, some Philippine art historians/critics have always been a follower of
the Western Art Style and its trends. Hence, it was suggested that this was actually the point
where Philippine Modern Art Period started but went only full swing only after the war. This is set
by the creation of the Art Association of the Philippines (AAP), which has a strong leaning with
the Modernist than the Conservatives (the traditional art also termed as the Amorsolo School).
Writers and artists of the Modern Era in the Philippine Art started posing questions of
national identity as the main theme of various art forms during this period.

PHILIPPINE POST MODERN ART (1970 – 1980s)
The support of the Philippine Government for the arts via the creation of the Cultural
Center of the Philippines during 1969, gave a venue for all artists to experiment and explore
different medium of art, including content, subject matter, form, techniques and themese that were
at that time considered as “new” - these explorations were tied closely to the Post Modern Art
Period of the West with Pop Art, Installation Art, Performance Art, dominating the scene. In
contrast, social realism became a heavy theme by most Filipino Artists as a social commentary of
the problem brewing in the Philippine political and social landscape.
Modern artists did not aim to copy and idealize reality. Instead, they changed the colors,
flatten the picture and depicted what ought to be ugly and unpleasant rather than the
beautiful and pastoral.
Abstraction that consists of simplified forms became popular as well during this period.
SOME OF THE MODERN ARTISTS AND THEIR ARTWORKS

1. Neo-Realists
 Manansala’s paintings of The Beggars, and Tuba Drinkers
 Legaspi’s Gadgets II, and Bad Girls
 Ocampo’s The Contrast, and Genesis
2. Abstract Artists
 Luz’s Street Musicians
 Saguil’s Cargadores
MODERN ARCHITECTURE STRUCTURE

1. Church of Holy Sacrifice
2. Church of the Risen Lord
3. Chapel of Saint Joseph the Worker
(1986 – Present)
The Philippine Contemporary Art, from 1980s to present, was on the onset of the sudden
rise of personal computers and new technology, which created a new art medium for the arts
and human expression. But there were also countless revivals of old styles being done. This
started a new direction for the arts thus, setting the name, momentarily, to the Philippine
Contemporary Period.
Characterized by the artist’s intent to portray a subject as it exists in the world, the
Modern Art Aesthetics during this period were accoridng to the artist’s unique perspective and

are typified by a rejection of accepted or traditional styles and values.
On the other hand, the Post-Modern Art Aesthetics is a body of art movements that
sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed
in its aftermath. In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and
multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY ART

 Contemporary art is the work of artists who are living in the 21st century.
 Contemporary art is collaborative and interactive
 Contemporary art mirrors contemporary culture and society, offering the general audiences
a rich resource for current ideas and allowing them to rethink the familiar.
 The work of contemporary artists is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts,
and subjects that challenges traditional boundaries and defies easy definition. In fact,
contemporary art can be seen as something that breaks the norms and rules as the works of
art are “radical” and “interdisciplinary”.
 Appropriation is an example of Contemporary Art where the process of creating art
involves the use of a pre-existing image or something that is from another context, and then
combining it with new ones.
 Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform
organizing principle, ideology, or - ism.
 In a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world,
contemporary artists give voice to the varied and changing cultural landscape of identity,
values, and beliefs. It even professes an awareness of local heritage that can be passsed
on from one generation to the next.
 Contemporary audiences play an active role in the process of constructing meaning
about works of art. Some artists often say that the viewer contributes to or even completes
the artwork by contributing his or her personal reflections.
It is important to note that during the rise of Contemporary Art in the Philippines, many
cultural projects ensued despite the growing issues on poverty and social conditions under the
leadership of Former Presdient Ferdinand Marcos and his wife, Imelda Marcos in 1965. It was
also during this time when Martial Law was declared on September 21, 1972. Marcos then
built the New Society or Bagong Lipunan as a rebirth to the lost civilization through
modernization. This was aimed to combine different art forms such as architecture, engineering,
fine arts, health, interior design, tourism, and urban planning, among others, through an art and
culture program.
Now that you have learned about the history of Contemporary Art in the Philippines and
its characteristics, let us now discuss its functions.

1. Contemporary Art for Pleasure - art provides a venue for escape from everyday concerns.
Whether contemporary art is created to be appreciated or simply for decoration, the idea of
creating it provides satisfaction for those yearning for pleasurable experiences.
2. Contemporary Art as Profession - whether art made is for utilitarian purpose or is created for a
particular use but is appreciated by its aesthetic value, artists earn a living through their work of
art. Creative ideas are never free—these ideas possess value and are deemed more valuable
when they are transformed into a tangible art work, more so, if they are commercialized and
contains content that upholds one’s culture.
3. Contemporary Art as Commentary - art is used as a form of communication between the artist
and the audience. It is used to answer our need for information through the subject used by the
artist.
4. Contemporary Art in Spirituality - art is created as an expression of one’s faith and spiritual
beliefs in the Supreme Being.
5. Contemporary Art as Remembrance - art serves as a tribute to someone who has gone
before us or as commemoration of something like an event that has shaped our history. Art is
created so we can keep a memory of something or someone.
6. Contemporary Art as Self-Expression - art is used to convey the artist’s ideas, emotions,
character or world-view.

 The History of Contemporary Arts in the Philippines can be traced starting from:
 Pre-Colonial Art Period
 Islamic Era
 Spanish Colonial Art Period
 American Colonial Art Period
 Japanese Era
 Post-Colonial Art Period
 Contemporary Period
 Contemporary Art is characterized by:
st
 Work of art of artists living in the 21 century
 Collaborative and interactive
 Current ideas
 Combination of materials, methods, concepts and subjects that are beyond
the traditional boundaries
 Depiction of social and current issues
 Functions of Contemporary Art include:
 For Pleasure
 As Profession
 As commentary
 As Spirituality
 As Remembrance
 As Self-Expression

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 4.1
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read and analyze the following statements. Write your answers on the
space provided before each number.
_____1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about contemporary art?

a. Contemporary art is the art of today, produced by artists who are living in the 21 st
Century.
b. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse and
technologically advancing world.
c. Working in a wide range of mediums, contemporary artists do not often reflect and
comment on modern-day society.
d. Contemporary art is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts and
subjects that challenge traditional boundaries and defy easy definition.
_____2. Which is TRUE about the ethnic arts of our ancestors during the pre-colonial period?
a. Arts were methodical.
b. Arts were sold to those were fond of them.
c. Arts were given to the chieftains in exchange of social status.
d. Arts were for ornamental and ritual purposes or everyday use.
_____3. The Chinese started to engage in creating wood and ivory religious figures during __.
a. Pre-Colonial Age
b. Islamic Age
c. Spanish Age
d. American Age
______4. Geometric patterns were first introduced during the _____ era.
a. Pre-Colonial
b. Islamic
c. Spanish
d. American
_____5. Shell bracelets and pendants were common during what period?
a. Old Stone Age
b. Neolithic Age
c. Islamic Age
d. Spanish Colonial Age

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 4.1
(con’t.)
B. TRUE or FALSE. Write X if the statement is correct and Y if the statement is wrong.
_____6. The Japanese era wanted to influence the Filipinos about Japanese Arts.
_____7. Abstraction started during the Contemporary Period.
_____8. Contemporary Art is mostly aimed at sending messages about social issues.
_____9. Art Nouveau is an art style that started during the Post-Modern Period.
_____10. Zarzuelas are Spanish-influenced art.
_____11. Tattooing in the olden times are believed to be done on women for people to
respect them more.
_____12. Pis Syabit is an Ifugao wooden bench.
_____13. Contemporary art in the country became an expression of people’s aspirations for a
just, free and sovereign society.
_____14. Weaving of gold jewelry is common among the Mangyans during the Pre-Colonial
Period.
_____15. Choral music among boys were introduced during the Spanish Period.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 4.2
Choose a region of the Philippines and research on the art form (Visual Art, Performing
Art, or any other form) found in that region. It can be from the region where you originated
from, or from the region where you are located now. To help your classmates develop an
appreciation and understanding of the art form found in your chosen region, educate them
by filling-up the template below.
Title: ___________________________________________
Artist: __________________________________________
Art Form: _______________________________________

Paste a photo of your
Material used by the Artist: _____________________
chosen art form
_______________________________________________
Medium used by the Artist: ______________________
________________________________________________
Region: ________________________________________
Short Description about your chosen region: ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
What is the relationship between the technique used by the Artist (material and medium used)
and the region where he/she comes from? _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 4.3
PHOTO ESSAY MAKING. The Philippine Festivals are known here and abroad. Pretend
that you are a Student Journalist tasked to cover the celebration of your province’s fiesta. (If
you do not have a province, you may choose any province in the Philippines for this task).
Create a 1-paragraph Photo Essay of your local festival tradition. Use the guide questions
below for your reference.
1. From what province did you come from?
2. What fiesta tradition is practiced in your province?
3. When is this celebrated and what does it celebrate?
4. What modern art and performances are being showcased during this feast?
5. How are these artworks presented?
6. What are the inspirations of these arts and performances?
7. What make these arts and performances significant to the community?
You will be graded based on the rubric below:

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Creativity Provides a unique Some unique Interesting No evidence of

and interesting aspects are evident elements support unique elements
approach to the in the photo and the the story message. that connect to the
subject used in the story message. story.
photo and the story
message.
Storytelling All story elements The elements of the Some elements of There were few
relate to the story story was evident, the story are elements
(setting, character, which still provide a evident but they do presented but do
plot, exposition, compelling story. not suport a not support a
conflict, climax and compelling story. coherent and
resolution). compelling story.
Writing Proper structure, The writing Writing has Multiple technical

grammar, and technique was technical problems, problems are
punctuation are technically correct to but overally, the evident in the
used correctly, support the story. message is narrative which
which link to the supported. detracts from the
image and story, overall story and
that embrace the message.
overall message.
Photo Photo used tells a Photo used supoorts Photo used is not Photo used does
lot about the story. the story. consistent with the not support the
story. story.

ACTIVITY 4.3
(con’t.)
Use this space for your PHOTO ESSAY.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 4.4

LESSON 5
Contemporary Art Practices
You have just been in a journey to the different periods that took place in the Philippines
and discovered the various impacts of each time period to Philppine arts. Lesson 2 willl let you
discover several contemporary art characteristics, techniques and performance practices, which
will allow you to appreciate contemporary arts.
For much of the contemporary artworks made today, the content or meaning is more
important than the materials or forms used to make it. Contemporary artists frequently go
beyond the traditional elements and principles of art in order to engage the viewers
conceptually through ideas and issues.
Are you familiar with Team Manila Lifestyle? Team

GET STARTED Manila is a retail company and design studio that
expresses contemporary Filipino culture and speaks
about the nation using the language of the youth, and
presents solutions through collaborative art. What do you think of their official logo below? Why
do you think Dr. Jose Rizal is included in their logo? Write your answers on the space provided
below.
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Team Manila Lifestyle Logo taken from teammanila.com _________________________________________
Look for any Team Manila Lifestyel merchandise and paste a photo below. Write a
3-sentence descirption of it and in your own opinion, explain the company’s purpose of using
such design.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________ (Paste a photo of
______________________________________________
Team Manila Lifestyle Merchandise)
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

Carry On What makes an art contemporary?
Similar to the other art forms, contemporary art also involves the use of the traditional
elements used in painting, drawing, and design such as line, shape, color, value, space, texture,
and typography, and principles namely balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern,
repetition, proportion, rhythm, scale, variety, and unity. However, it is more apparent that
contemporary art combine skills-based instruction ranging from drawing to new technology, with
studio-based methods of conceptual exploration and artistic research.
APPROPRIATION
Appropriation is when an artist creates a new work of art by taking pre-existing images
from other sources and modifies and/or incorporates those images with new ones. To
appropriate is to borrow. As the name implies, existing artworks are appropriated to produce
another artwork using prints, images, and icons. It is like reviving interests to the already
previailing forms of art, allowing the audience to renegotiate the meaning of the initial artwork in
the more current one. Borrowed Images and elements of culture often involve famous and
recognizable works of art, well-known literature and easily accessible images from the media.
Below is an example of appropriation by Pablo Picasso, an art borrowed from Diego
Velasquez’s Las Meninas.

Among the common sources of stolen images are artworks from the distant or recent past,
historical records, media (film and television), or popular culture (advertisements or products).
Some sources are sometimes unknown, and may be politically charged, symbolic, ambiguous, o
rmay pust the limits of the imagery considered to be acceptable art. Borrowed imagery, on the
other hand, can be photographically or carefully imitated, reproduced by mechanical infers
such as an overhead projector, or by repainting it, changing its scale or design to make
unused meaning. Some artists layer them with other pictures, break them into parts, or
contextualize them.
PERFORMANCE ART
Performance Art is a modern craftsmanship
which regularly increases drama, often acting and
development to extremes of expression and continuity
that are not allowed within the theater. Words are
rarely noticeable, while musc and commotions of
different kinds are common. It can combine music,
dance, poetry, theater, visual art and video and is
usually being held in conventional centers in front of a
live audience - although it can also take place
almost anywhere. Performance Art usually interprets
different human activities ranging from simple ordinary
chores, routines, and rituals, to larger-scale site- Performance Art taken from www.artscenter.org
specific environments an dpublic projects, multimedia productions, and autobiographical

cabaret-style solo work depicting socially relevant themes such as poverty, commercialism, and
war. Below are some examples that characterize performance art.
Notice that some are spontaneous and one-off, or rehearsed and series-based. Many
contemporary artsists deal with space by concentrative on real space such as the dimensions
of a house, the spaces that we travel through in the city or in the natural world, the boudnless
spaces of the sky or the virtual space of the Internet. Some work with fine art or industrial material

like wood, stone, steel or plastic. Electrical lighting, film, video,
or digital media can also transform, document, or create
space. In short, performance evolved to emphasize
spontaneous elements of chance.
SPACE Spontaneous Performance Art
Space refers to the distances or areas surrounding,

within, and within the components of an item. As you may have learned from the traditional
elements and principles of art, space can either be positive or negative, open or closed,
shallow or deep, and two– or three-dimensional. Most often than not, space is not clearly
showin in a piece but an illusion. Space is found in almost every piece of art - photographers
capture space, sculptors depend on space and shape, architects create space. Being the
very central aspect of every visual arts, space provides a guide to the audience for the
presentation of an artwork. Try drawing a larger object than another to make it appear that it is
closer to the viewer. Further, an environmental art can be installed in a way that leads the
viewer through space. Take a look at the following figure.
Positive Space refers to the subject of the
piece itself. This is depicted as the flower vase
on the left of the example photo. On the other
hand, Negative Space refers to the empty
spaces the artist has created around, between
and within the subjects. In three-dimensional art,
the negative spaces are typically the open or
relatively empety parts of the piece.
As you can see from the metal sculpture
below, the object may have a hole in the middle, which is considered as the negative space.
Other examples of Space are flash mobs and art installations in malls and parks.

Flash Mobs Art Installation
HYBRIDITY
Hybridity is the use of unusual materials to produce an artowrk.
Contemporary artists, for example, may use coffee for painting or
miniature sculptures using crayons. Many artisits combine still images,
moving image, sound, digital media, and found objects to create new
hybrid art forms that are beyond the traditional art forms that we
usually encounter. Hybridity, at
Painting made out of coffee
the most basic level, implies
the mixing of two or more
elements to create a third. Basically, artists blend new
or unconventional materials such as recycled or
industrial materials with traditional medium to show that
Miniature sculpture using crayons
the incorporation of these materials plays an important
role in the meaning of the artwork.
Remember, artists of today are more comfortable to use
whatever seems best to fully investigate and express their ideas
and concepts. Time and again, the artist uses different media and
techniques to express new things in their work. To help you
appreciate a hybrid form of art, you need to identify what media
and materials were used, and consider the artist’s reason/s why he
Hybrid Artwork using food or she chose to use them.
TECHNOLOGY ART
In this day and age, we have practically co-
existed with technological advancements.
Commonly known in contemporary practice as an art
that involves the use of technology in the creation
and dissemination of artworks, Technology Art is the
use of mass production and the manipulation of the
virtual world, its tools and programs.
Paris: Stepping into the World of Van Gogh

Also known as New Media, Technology Art involves the
application of computer technology as an essential part of the
creative process and production. Other terms that are
associated with this contemporary art are: computer production,
video art, computer-based installations, and most recently
Internet and Post Internet Art. In other words, the exploration of
the virtual reality has become recognized as artistic practices in
the contemporary time, with artists producing commercial pieces
London Artist illustrates phones as
monsters in a Photography Series
and elaborate and conceptual works tha tmake use of computer
programs such as 3D modelling, Illustrator or Photoshop.
Notice how the phenomenon of videos changed from MTV to Youtube during the
Covid-19 Pandemic. Recording performances quickly changed to video posting, video sharing
and livestreaming, which are perfect examples of technology art these days.
Indeed, these contemporary art practices tell us that one can become an artist and
express his/her feelings and ideas aesthetically even without having formal training about art.
Such practices allow any individual to be an artist in their own creative ways.
 Contemporary Art is the art of today produced by artists of today.

 Contemporary Art Practices combine skills-based instruction ranging from
drawing to new technology, with studio-based methods of conceptual
exploration and artistic research.
 The elements of contemporary art include:
 Appropriation
 Performance Art
 Space
 Hybridity
 Technology Art

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 5.1
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each item carefully. Write the CAPITAL LETTER of the correct
______1. Flash mobs and art installations are examples of ______.

A. Technology Art C. Space
B. Performance Art D. Hybridity
_____2. It refers to the use of mass production and the manipulation of the virtual world.
A. Technology Art C. Space
B. Performance Art D. Hybridity
_____3. It is the use of unconventional materials or mixing unlikely materials to produce an art
work.
A. Technology Art C. Appropriation
B. Space D. Hybridity
_____4. It is the borrowing of images from existing artworks and using them to create a new one.
_____5. It refers to the distances or areas surrounding, within, and within the components of an
item.
B. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS. The following are scenarios that describbe the contemporary art
practices. Identify the element being described in the given situation and write your answers
on the space provided for.
____________________1. Filipinos visiting Intramuros are still very fond of riding the kalesa. These
kalesas are usually displayed in front of a ruined church.
____________________2. Jose collected scraps of metals and transformed them into a sculpture.
____________________3. Local artists are now producers of their own vlogs showing their
day-to-day activities.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 5.1
(con’t.)
____________________4. Reuben used coffee as his medium for his painting project in Arts.
____________________5. Toby used the logo of Skyflakes on his T-Shirt Printing to display his
favorite meme.
____________________6. Louie proposed to his long-time girlfriend using a billboard in Edsa.
____________________7. The musical play, “Miong” is an original musical to watch out for every
yearwhich tells the story about the country’s first President.
____________________8. Filipinos are becoming supporters of 3D Art Museums in the country as

one unique destination to unwind and appreciate art.
____________________9. The use of Photoshop is a good technique to create new images.
____________________10. The art installations at BGC are atractions to both kids and adults
alike.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 5.2
Below are examples of artworks using Contemporary Art Practices. Label each art according
to Appropriation, Performance Art, Space, Hybridity or Technology Art. Write your answer on
the space provided for.
1 .
_______________________________ 2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________
5._______________________________

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 5.3
Create an art that will promote the different measures to prevent the spread of Covid-19.
Make sure to incorporate one contemporary art practice in your work. Then, answer the
question: How does the contemporary art practice that you used affect the visual imagery of
an art?
You will be graded based on the rubric below:
Criteria Extraordinary Above Average Average Below Average Poor

5 4 3 2 1
Understanding Artwork is Artwork is Artwork is Artwork shows Artwork shows
(30%) planned planned planned little evidence no evidence of
carefully; carefully; carefully; of understanding
understanding understanding understanding understanding of concepts.
of the concepts of most of some of concepts.
is every evident. concepts is concepts is
evident. evident.
Craftsmanship/ Artwork shows Artwork shows Artwork shows Artwork shows Artwork shows
Skill outsanding good average below average poor
(30%) craftsmanship craftsmanship craftsmanshihp craftsmanship craftsmanship
with clear with clear with attention to with little with no
attention to attention to detail. attention to attention to
detail. detail. detail. detail.
Creativity/ Artwork Artwork Artwork Artwork Artwork lacks
Originality demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates evidence of
(20%) personal some personal an average little amount of personal
expression and expression and amount of personal expression
outstanding logical problem- personal expression.
problem-solving solving skills. expression.
skills.
Effort Student puts Student puts Student puts Student puts Studetn puts
(20%) forth forth effort forth average forth less effort no effort
extraordinary required to effort required required to required to
effort to complete the to complete the complete the complete the
complete the artwork artwork. artwork. artwork.
artwork

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 5.4

LESSON 6
National Artists
Philippine art and culture

reveal a society with diverse
cultural influences and
traditions. You have learned in
your Social Studies classes
since grade school that the
early peoples of our country
had contacts with traders who
introduced Chinese, Indian
and Islamic influences, which
later on evolved as modern
aspects of life were introduced
by the foreign rule of Spain
Philippine Culture and Art photo taken from www.google.com
and the United States.

Although Filipino artists were profoundly influenced by western forms, Filipino painters, writers, and
musicians have come to infuse the cultural richness of the archipelago in all its diversity, and
have shaped a sense of national identity in their works. Given the very large and vigorous
artistic community of the Philippines — larger than any other Southeast Asian nation because of
its cultural heritages (Asian, European, Mexican and American), it is only proper to showcase the
works of our talented local artists as they have set the foundation for other artists to develop
their craft. More importantly, it is high time that we learn to give them due credit for their
significant contributions to the development of Philippine culture and arts.
In this lesson, we will discuss the highest recognitions a Filipino artist could receive in the
Philippines namely: the Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas (or the National Artist of the
Philippines) and the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (or the National Living Treasures Award).
This lesson will encompass the other distinctions a Filipino artist could receive such as The
Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) Award, The Outstanding Filipino (TOFIL) Award, the Thirteen
Artists Awards (TAA), and the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining. In this time and age, the need to
know and preserve our heritage has become a must so we, too, can learn to appreciate the
works of our forefathers and hopefully, create something that will keep our national
identity alive.

GET STARTED
DESIGN A MEDAL
What is the greatest accomplishment you have achieved so far? If you are to create a
medal for this accomplishment, how will it look like? What features will it have? What symbolisms
are you going to include? In the blank template below, you are to design your own medal for
the accomplishment that you have identified and then write a brief explanation beside it.
Explanation:
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Carry On How does one become a National Artist?
Also called the Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining, the ONA is the highest
recognition given by the Republic of the Philippines to Filipinos who have made significant
contributions to the development of Philippine arts. This award was created through the
Presidential Proclamation No. 1001 , s. 1972 of the late President Ferdinand E. Marcos to
recognize 1) Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to the cultural heritage of
the country; 2) Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level and to promote creative
expression as significant to the development of a national cultural identity; and 3) Filipino artists
who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge new paths and directions for future
generations of Filipino artists. In short, the ONA is given to individual citizens who exemplify the
country’s highest ideals in the field of humanities and aesthetic expression, specifically in the
following categories: architecture and allied arts (architecture, interior design, landscape
architecture and urban design), dance (choreography, direction, performance), design
(industrial design and fashion design), film and broadcast arts (direction, writing, production
design, cinematography, editing, animation, performance and new media), literature (poetry,
fiction, essay, literary/art criticism), music (composition, direction, performance), theater (direction,
performance, production design, light and sound design and playwriting) and visual arts
(painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works, illustration,
graphic arts, performance art, imaging). The order is bestowed by the President of the
Philippines upon the joint recommendation of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts
(NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP).
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION (Adapted from ncaa.gov.ph)

Upon the announcement of the National Artists Award Secretariat composed of the
NCCA and the CCP that the nominations for the said award have been opened, the nominees
should meet the following criteria:
1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination and at the awarding, as
well as those who died after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino
citizens at the time of their death.
2, Artists who, through the content and form of their works, have contributed in building a
Filipino sense of nationhood.
3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or style, thus, earning
distinction and making an impact on succeeding generations of artists.
4. Artists who have created a substantial and significant body of works and/or consistently
displayed excellence in the practice of their art form thus, enriching artistic expression or

style.
5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through:
a. Prestigious national and/or international recognition ,such as the Gawad CCP
para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists Award, and NCCA Haraya Awards (Alab and
Dangal)
b. Critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works
c. Respect and esteem from peers
The screening and selection process will go through a set of deliberation based on the
guidelines set forth, where qualified nominees will be evaluated and reviewed by the NCCA
and CCP. The final list of nominees shall be submitted to the President of the Republic of the
Philippines for confirmation, proclamation, and conferral in accordance to the Supreme Court
Ruling G.R. 189028.
HONORS AND PRIVILEGES (Adapted from ncaa.gov.ph)

The following privileges are provided to those conferred with the Order of National Artist:
1. The rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;
2. The National Artist gold-plated medallion minted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
and citation;
3. A lifetime emolument and material and physical benefits comparable in value to those
received by the highest officers of the land such as:
a) Living Awardees:
 A minimum cash award of Two Hundred Thousand Pesos(PhP200,000.00), net of taxes;
 A minimum lifetime personal monthly stipend of Fifty Thousand Pesos (PhP50,000.00);
 Medical and Hospitalization benefits not exceeding PhP750,000.00 per year;
 Coverage by a life insurance policy by the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)
and or/ private insurance companies from date of conferment the award, in the event
that the National Artist is insurable, the premiums for which shall be paid by the National
Government or by donation from any governmental or private entities;
 A State Funeral, the arrangements for and the expenses of which shall be borne by the
Government, upon the death of the National Artist;
b) Posthumous Awardees:
One-time minimum cash award of One Hundred Fifty Thousand Pesos
(PhP150,000.00), net of taxes, payable to the legal heir/s.
INSIGNIA OF THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS
The prestigious award for the Order of National Artists is composed of a Grand Collar
that features circular links portraying the arts, and eight-pointed conventionalized sunburst
suspended from a sampaguita wreath in green and white enamel.

The central badge is a medallion, which is divided
into three equal portions: red, white, and blue representing
the Philippine flag, with three stylized letter Ks — the
“KKK” stands for the CCP’s motto: “katotohanan, kabutihan,
at kagandahan” (“the true, the good, and the
beautiful”), as coined by then first lady and CCP Founder
Mrs. Imelda Romualdez Marcos.
The composition of the Grand
Collar is silver gilt bronze. In Photo of Insignia of National Artists
taken from https://www.officialgazette
place of a rosette and there is .gov.ph/the-order-of-national-artists/
an enameled pin in the form of

the insignia of the order.
Photo of Emblem taken from NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR PAINTING

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of-national-artists/
Amorsolo is from Paco, Manila and is the first to be

recognized as a National Artist, four days after his death. Known for
his portraitures, his paintings of Filipino women rejected the ideals of
the West, basing the faces of his subjects on members of his family.
According to him:
"[The women I paint should have] a rounded face, not of the
oval type often presented to us in newspapers and magazine
illustrations. The eyes should be exceptionally lively, not the dreamy,
Fernando Cueto Amorsolo sleepy type that characterizes the Mongolian. The nose should be of
Born: May 30, 1892
Died: February 26, 1972 the blunt form but firm and strongly marked. ... So the ideal Filipina
Year Awarded: 1972 beauty should not necessarily be white complexioned, nor of the dark
brown color of the typical Malayan, but of the clear skin or fresh colored type which we often
witness when we met a blushing girl.]"
Amorsolo is also best known for his rural landscapes which often represented Filipino
customs and traditions, Amorsolo was successful in the formation of Filipino national identity. He
is best known for his technique of using natural light in his paintings and developed the
backlighting technique, which later on became his trademark and his greatest contribution to
Philippine painting. Among his famous works are: Maiden in a Stream(1921) - GSIS collection; El
Ciego (1928) - Central Bank of the Philippines collection; Dalagang Bukid (1936) – Club
Filipino collection; The Mestiza (1943)–National Museum of the Philippines collection; Planting
Rice (1946)-UCPB collection; Sunday Morning Going to Town (1958)-Ayala Museum
Collection.
Dubbed as the “Poet of Angono, Rizal,” he single-handedly brought back the art of mural
painting in Philippines. He was the second Filipino to receive the title of National Artist in
Painting. Botong was best known for his historical pieces. He was one of the modernist artists

together with Galo Ocampo and Victorio Edades known as " The
Triumvirate," who broke away from the romanticism style of Amorsolo's
Philippine Scenes. His major masterpiece is the mural for Bulwagang
Katipunan of the Manila City Hall. Among his major works include: the
Portrait of Purita, The Invasion of Limahong, Serenade, Muslim Betrothal,
Blood Compact, First Mass at Limasawa, The Martyrdom of Rizal,
Carlos “Botong” V. Francisco Bayanihan, Magpupukot, Fiesta, Bayanihan sa Bukid and Sandugo.
Born: November 4, 1912
Died: March 31, 1969 Edades emerged as the “Father of
Year Awarded: 1973 Modern Philippine Painting.” A native of
Dagupan, Pangasinan, he is known for his paintings of distorted human
figures in rough, bold impasto strokes. He believed in his own
advocacy and practice of what he called “creative art.” Unlike
Amorsolo’s bright, sunny, cheerful hues, Edades’ colors were dark and
somber with subject matter or themes depicting laborers, factory workers
Victorio C. Edades
or the simple folk in all their dirt, sweat and grime. Born: December 23, 1895
In the 1930s, Edades taught at the University of Santos Tomas Died: March 7, 1985
Year Awarded: 1976
and became dean of its Department of Architecture where he stayed
for 30 years. It was during this time that he introduced a liberal arts program that offers subjects
such as art history and foreign languages that will lead to a Bachelor’s degree in Fine Arts. This
development brought about a first in Philippine education since art schools then were
vocational schools. When he retired from teaching at age 70, the university conferred on
Edades the degree of Doctor of Fine Arts, honoris causa, for being an outstanding “visionary,
teacher and artist.” Among his works are The Sketch, The Artist and the Model, Portrait of the
Professor, Japanese Girl, Mother and Daughter, The Wrestlers, and Poinsettia Girl.
A Pride of Macabebe, Pampanga, Manansala expressed his visions

of reality through his paintings using concepts from the rural and urban
settings. His talent was revealed as a young boy when he made copies of
the Sagrada Familia and his mother’s portrait that he copied from a
photograph. He ran away from home after finishing Fine Arts from the
University of the Philippines and later found himself as an Illustrator at the
Philippines Herald. There he met Hernando R. Ocampo, Cesar Legaspi, and
Vicente S. Manansala
Born: January 22, 1910 Carlos Botong Francisco, the latter being the first he admired most.
Died: August 22, 1981 A UNESCO scholar, he was granted a scholarship to study for six
Year Awarded: 1981
months at École des Beaux-Arts in Banff and Montreal, Quebec,
Canada in 1949 and in 1950, he received a nine-month scholarship from the French
Government to study at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.
Best known as a cubist painter, he developed transparent cubism with the use of
delicate colors and tones, and patterns and shapes on top of another. Manansala’s technique

was founded on Cezanne and Picasso whom he says have achieved a balance of skill and
artistry. His works include: A Cluster of Nipa Hut, San Francisco Del Monte, Banaklaot, I Believe in
God, Market Venders, Madonna of the Slums, Still Life with Green Guitar, Via Crucis, Whirr, Nude.
Manansala’s “transparent and translucent” technique is imposed in his composition of Kalabaw
(Carabao) in 1979.
A versatile artist from Antique, being both a proficient painter and

sculptor, J. Elizalde Navarro has devoted 40 years of his life to the visual
arts ranging from drawing, printmaking, graphic designing, to painting
and sculpting. His masks carved in hardwood merge the human and the
animal; his paintings consist of abstracts and figures in oil and watercolor;
and his assemblages fuse found objects and metal parts. Inspired by the
Balinese art and culture, his figurative works showed his power as a master Jeremias Elizalde Navarro
of colors. Born: May 22, 1924
Died: June 10, 1999
A Navarro sampler includes a large four-panel work, The Seasons, Year Awarded: 1999
whch is part of the Prudential Bank Collection. Among his works include
his ’50s and ’60s fiction illustrations for This Week of the Manila Chronicle, and the rotund, India-
ink figurative drawings for Lydia Arguilla’s storybook, Juan Tamad. Three of his major mixed media
works are I’m Sorry Jesus, I Can’t Attend Christmas This Year (1965), and his Homage to Dodjie
Laurel (1969: Ateneo Art Gallery collection), and A Flying Contraption for Mr. Icarus (1984:
Lopez Museum).
What sets Joya different from other abstract artists is his ability to
create an authentic Filipino abstract that has transcended the influences
of the West. Joy’a’s paintings were mirrors of the Philippine landscapes
that depicted green rice fields and golden fields of harvest. A
remarkable artist from Manila, he also introduced another technique that
has become a common characteristic of folk art - he used rice paper in
creating collages to show a transparent effect. He also advocated
Jose T. Joya
Born: June 3, 1931 gestural paintings where paint is applied naturally, in bold and heavy
Died: May 11, 1995 brush strokes, or is directly squeezed from the tube and splashed across
Year Awarded: 2003
the canvas. Joya was an inspiration for younger artists as well. By
exploring the potentials of multimedia, he also made art on ceramic vessels, plates and tiles.
Indeed, his fineness in completing a large body of work has won the admiration of artists, here
and abroad. His major works include Granadean Arabesque, Makiling Interlude,
Beethoven Listening to the Blues, Space Transfiguration, Hills of Nikko, Abstraction, Dimension of
Fear, Naid, Torogan and Cityscape.
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR VISUAL ARTS

From Tondo, Manila, Legaspi is a known pioneer of Neo-Realist in the country and is
remembered for his remarkable achievement of refining cubism in the Philippine context. With his

distinctive geometric fragmentation technique, merging social comment and
placing alongside the mythical and modern into his overlapping, interacting
forms by means of disturbing power and intensity, his daring themes
contributed significantly to the advent and eventual acceptance of modern
art in the Philippines. Among his major works are: are Gadgets I, Gadgets II,
Diggers, Idols of the Third Eye, Facade, Ovary, Flora and Fauna,
Triptych, Flight, Bayanihan, Struggle, Avenging Figure, Turning
Cesar T. Legaspi
Point, Peace, The Survivor, and The Ritual. Born: April 2, 1917
Died: April 7, 1994
Year Awarded: 1990
A self-taught painter from Sta. Cruz Manila,
Ocampo was a leading member of the pre-war Thirteen moderns, the group
that charted the course of modern art in the Philippines. His works presented
an awareness of the harsh social realities in the country immediately after
World War II and contributed significantly to the rise of nationalist spirit in the
post-war era. Through his abstract works, the Philippine modern art became
Hernando R. Ocampo known as his canvases evoked the abundant Philippine landscape, its flora
Born: April 28, 1911
Died: December 28, 1978 and fauna, under the sun and rain in fierce and bold colors. He also
Year Awarded: 1991
played a pivotal role in sustaining the country’s first Philippine Art Gallery.
Ocampo’s masterpiece called, “Genesis” served as the basis of the curtain design of the
Cultural Center of the Philippines Main Theater. His other major works include Ina ng
Balon, Calvary, Slum Dwellers, Nude with Candle and Flower, Man and Carabao, Angel’s
Kiss, Palayok at Kalan, Ancestors, Isda at Mangga, The Resurrection, Fifty-three
“Q”, Backdrop, Fiesta.
Celebrated as a painter, sculptor, and designer for more than 40

years, Luz, coming from Manila, created masterpieces that exemplify an
ideal of sophisticated simplicity in expression and form, elevating the
Filipino aesthetic vision to new heights. pride Through the Luz Gallery that
he established, he has set a prestigious influence over generations of
Filipino artists, and inspired and developed a Filipino artistic community
that nurtures impeccable designs such as those with playful lines protraying Arturo R. Luz
Born: November 20, 1926
a minimalist, geometric abstract. This technique is what he referred to as Year Awarded: 1997
true Asian modernity that shows the modernist virtues of competence, order and elegance.
Among his other significant paintings are Bagong Taon, Vendador de Flores, Skipping
Rope, Candle Vendors, Procession, Self-Portrait, Night Glows, Grand Finale, Cities of the
Past, Imaginary Landscapes. His mural painting Black and White is displayed in the lobby of the
CCP’s Bulwagang Carlos V. Francisco (Little Theater). His sculpture of a stainless steel cube is
located in front of the Benguet Mining Corporation Building in Pasig.
Born to immigrant Chinese parents Vicente Ang and Chin Lim, Ang Kiukok from Davao City

is one of the most vital and dynamic figures who emerged during the 60s.
He initiated a formal and iconographic path of his own through
expressionistic works of high visual impact and compelling meaning. He
crystallized in vivid, cubistic figures the terror and angst of the times.
Shaped in the furnace of the political turmoil of those times, Ang Kiukok
pursued an expression imbued with nationalist fervor and sociological
Ang Kiukok agenda. Some of his works include Geometric Landscap (1969); Pieta,
Born: March 1, 1931 which won for him the bronze medal in the 1st International Art Exhibition
Died: May 9, 2005
Year Awarded: 2001 held in Saigon (1962); and the Seated Figure (1979), auctioned at
Sotheby’s in Singapore. Reports say that his his works can be found in
many major art collections, among them the Cultural Center of the Philippines, National Historical
Museum of Taipei, and the National Museum in Singapore.
Born in Malabon, Cabrera uses “Bencab” as his signature in his works.
Initially a lyrical expressionist in the mid-60s exercising decorative color in
his art, he is best known for his solitary figures of scavengers that aim to
move the social conscience about poverty and delinquency. His most
popular figure, whom he named, “Sabel,” symbolizes despair, inequality and
isolation as evident in the Phiippine society. Among his selected works Benedicto R. Cabrera
include Madonna with Objects, Studies of Sabel, People Waiting, The Born: April 10, 1942
Year Awarded: 2006
Indifference, Waiting for the Monsoon.
A native of Siasi, Sulu, Imao is the first Filipino Muslim to receive the title
of National Artist. A native of Sulu who is primarily known as a sculptor, Imao
is also painter, photographer, ceramist, documentary film maker, cultural
researcher, writer, and articulator of Philippine Muslim art and culture. By
adapting the indigenous motifs and subjects of the South, he was able to
popularize the ukkil (sinuous relief woodcarving tradition found in houses
Abdulmari Asia Imao
Born: January 14, 1936 and boats), sarimanok (mythical bird with fish) and naga (sea serpent),
Died: December 16, 2014
Year Awarded: 2006
infusing in the Filipino consciousness what is considered to be an original
and unique Filipino concept.
Imao’s monumental sculptures of Muslim and regional heroes and leaders paved the way
for him to inculcate faith and confidence among cultural groups for a more just and humane
society. His major works include Industry Brass Mural (Philippine National Bank, San Fernando, La
Union), Mural Relief on Filmmaking (Manila City Hall), Industrial Mural (Central Bank of the
Philippines, San Fernando, La Union), Sulu Warriors (status of Panglima Unaid and Captain
Abdurahim Imao, Sulu Provincial Capitol).
Another renowned artist from Sta. Cruz, Manila, Alcuaz is fond of signing his works using
Aguilar Alcuaz. Known mainly for his gestural paintings in acrylic and oil, he also sketches in ink,
watercolor and pencil. Aside from rendering abstract and figurative works in ceramics and

tapestries, he is also known for his relief sculptures made of paper and
other materials which he called “Alcuazaics”.
Alcuaz was taking up Fine Arts at UP Diliman and at the same time,
taking up his pre-law course at San Beda College. Because art was
really his passion, he would join and win art competitions and even put-
up several solo exhibits after graduating from San Beda.
To give-in to his father’s wish, he obtained his law degree at the
Federico A. Alcuaz
Ateneo de Manila but after applauded in an exhibit at the Philippine Art Born: June 6, 1932
Gallery, he was acknowledged by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Spain Died: February 2, 2011
Year Awarded: 2009
and received a fellowship to study at the Academia de Bellas Artes de
San Fernando in Madrid. He furthered his stay in Europe to train himself with the art and culture
of Europe and eventually had exhibits in Madrid and Barcelona, where he met his future wife Ute
Schmidt.
His works are recognized for being refined and with European flair, coupled with the ease
and pleasure carried by his choice of light, color and composition. Among his major works are
Reveries of Love, Still Life with Landscape, Abstract in Blue and Black, Tap Room, Tres Marias,
and Manila 1968.
Our next National Artist hailed from Buting, Pasig. Aside from
being a comic book writer, Coching was also an illustrator. In fact, he
was distinguised in the field of Filipino comics, earning the name, “The
King of Komiks” and the “Dean of Filipino Illustrators.” For four decades,
he was able to combine his love of storytelling and expertise in
illustration in his popular art form of comics, fascinating both the reading
public and his fellow artists, cartoonists and writers.
Francisco V. Coching Founded on the Philippine culture of the 19th century up to the
Born: January 29, 1919 1960s, his works tackled heroism and expose the racial and class
Died: September 1, 1998
Year Awarded: 2014
conflict as seen in the country’s colonial society, a theme that was also
manifested in Philippine cinema. In his comics, he depicted Filipino men in
the image of the indigenous and strong physique of Lapu-Lapu and portrayed women as
beautiful and gentle, but strong and warrior-like as in Marabini (Marahas na Binibini). Even when
he featured fantastical characters like vampires and witches, Coching’s illustrations and stories
appeared realistic. Among his works are Sagisag ng Lahing Pilipino, Haring Ulopong, Movie
Fan, Pusakal, Dimasalang, El Vibora, Talipandas, Gigolo, Maldita. Indeed, his comics paved the
way for the practice of popular art and has posed a lasting influence on younger cartoonists.
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR SCULPTURE

A product of Malolos, Bulacan, Tolentino is a prominent sculptor of historical figures that
are grand and monumental After returning from Europe where he studied at the Royal Academy
of Fine Arts in Rome, he became known as a respected professor at the UP School of Fine Arts,

where he got the idea of creating a monument for national heroes. Among
Tolentino’s famous works are the UP Oblation, which serves as the symbol of
freedom at the campus, and the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan, as a an
enduring symbol of the Filipinos’ cry for freedom. His other works include the
bronze figures of the late President Quezon at Quezon Memorial, life-size
statues of Jose Rizal at UP and UE, marble statue of the late President Ramon
Guillermo E. Tolentino
Magsaysay in GSIS Building, the gold and bronze medals for the Ramon Born: July 24, 1890
Magsaysay Award, the seal of the Republic of the Philippines, and the statues Died: July 12, 1976
Year Awarded: 1973
of heroic and political personalities, including those that represent education,
medicine, forestry, veterinary, science, fine arts and music at UP.
This native of Bohol was the youngest recipient of the National Artist
Award. Coined as the “Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture”, Abueva is
recognized for his non-representational sculptures showing modern abstract
and using a variety of media raning from hard wood (molave, acacia,
langka wood, ipil, kamagong, palm wood and bamboo) to adobe, metal,
stainless steel, cement, marble, bronze, iron, alabaster, coral and brass.
Napoleon V. Abueva With his introduction of the “buoyant sculpture” (a sculpture that is
Born: January 26, 1930 meant to be appreciated from the surface of a placid pool) in 1951, he
Year Awarded: 1976
has shaped the local sculpture scene to what it is now. His works have been
installed in different museums here and abroad and one of which is The Sculpture at the United
Nations Headquarters in New York City. His major works include Kaganapan, Kiss of Judas,
Thirty Pieces of Silver, The Transfiguration, the Eternal Garden Memorial Park, UP Gateway, Nine
Muses, UP Faculty Center, Sunburst in Peninsula Manila Hotel, the bronze figure of Teodoro M.
Kalaw in front of the National Library, and the marble murals at the National Heroes Shrine in Mt.
Samat, Bataan.
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR DANCE

Aquino is a celebrated Folk Dance Pioneer from Bocaue, Bulacan.
Through her efforts in doing research on folk dances that started in the
1920s, visiting the remote areas of Central and Northern Luzon, she was
able to complete a thesis entitled, “Philippine Folk Dances and Games” in
1926. This paper narrated the unrecorded forms of local celebration,
rituals and sports. - the content of which was used by teachers and
playground instructors in both private and public schools in the 1940s. Francisca R. Aquino
Later on, she became the Supervisor of Physical Education at the Bureau Born: March 9, 1899
Died: November 21, 1983
of Education, embedding the teaching of folk dancing as a means to Year Awarded: 1973
raise awareness about the Filipino cultural tradition. Then in 1954, she was
granted the Republic Award of Merit by the late President Magsaysay for her “outstanding
contribution toward the advancement of Filipino culture.” Her works include books on: Philippine

National Dances, Gymnastics for Girls, Fundamental Dance Steps and Music, Foreign Folk
Dances, Dances for all Occasion, Playground Demonstration, and Philippine Folk Dances
(Volumes I to VI).
Born in Jolo, Sulu, Goquingco was named the “Trailblazer”, “Mother of

Philippine Theater Dance” and the “Dean of Filipino Performing Arts Critics.”
She was the Honorary Chair of the Association of Ballet Academies of the
Philippines (ABAP), and was a founding member of the Philippine Ballet
Theater.
Goquingco is a premier choreographer who combined ballet with folk Leonor O. Goquingco
Born: July 24, 1917
and Asian dance, having made first-of-a-kind choreographies — all original Died: July 15, 2005
Year Awarded: 1976
and mostly narrating stories that she wrote on her own. Among these include
“TREND: Return to Native,” “In a Javanese Garden,” “Sports,” “VINTA!,” “In a Concentration Camp,”
“The Magic Garden,” “The Clowns,” “Firebird,” “Noli Dance Suite,” “The Flagellant,” and “The
Creation”. Considered as her most ambitious work is the dance epic entitled, “Filipinescas:
Philippine Life, Legend and Lore,” which became the foundation of native folk dance, reflecting
the evolution of the Philippine culture from pagan to modern times, up to it highest stage of
development. This performance has traveled around the world from 1961 to 1970, introducing
Philippine dance to the globe.
A local of Iloilo, Urtula was a choreographer, dance educator

and researcher. She spent spent almost four decades studying
Philippine folk and ethnic dances. Through her findings, she was able to
preserve and develop the ethnic dance culture, making way for new
choreographies such as the mountain dances, spanish-influenced
dances, and Muslim pageants and festivals. These regional variations
and dances were performed by the Bayanihan Philippine Dance
Lucrecia R. Urtula
Born: June 29, 1929 Company, earning praises and significant reviews around the world.
Died: August 24, 1999 Among her critically acclaimed dances were: Singkil, a Bayanihan
Year Awarded: 1988
signature number based on a Maranao epic poem; Vinta, a dance
honoring Filipino sailing prowess; Tagabili, a tale of tribal conflict; Pagdiwata, a four-day harvest
festival condensed into a six-minute breath-taking spectacle; Salidsid, a
mountain wedding dance; Idaw, Banga and Aires de Verbena.
Obusan is Camarines Norte’s pride in terms of being a dancer,

choreographer, stage designer and artistic director. Through his efforts in
doing cultural research, he was able to develop and deepen the
Filipino understanding of traditional dance. He also established the Ramon A. Obusan
Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group who performed authentic Filipino folk Born: June 16, 1938
Died: December 21, 2006
dance that brought about cultural appreciation of the art of dance. Year Awarded: 2006

Among his choreographies are: Vamos a Belen! Series (Philippine Dances Tradition),
Noon Po sa Amin (tableaux of Philippine History in song, drama and dance),
Obra Maestra (a collection of Ramon Obusan’s dance masterpieces),
Unpublished Dances of the Philippines, (Series 1 to 4), Water, Fire and Life, Philippine Dances
and Music (A Celebration of Life Saludo sa Sentenyal), Glimpses of ASEAN (Dances and Music
of the ASEAN-Member Countries), Saplot (Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group); Philippines
Costumes in Dance.
Another pride of Manila has become a significant contributor of
the development and promotion of Philippine dance. Reyes is a dancer,
choreographer, teacher and director, who has made a lifelong influence
on contemporary dance in the country, leaving a legacy among various
dance companies, teachers, choreographers and even the Filipino
modern dance repertoire of today.
Her passion for classical ballet and successful training in folk dance
Alice G. Reyes under the Bayanihan Philippine National Dance Company, coupled with
Born: October 14, 1942 her education in modern and jazz dance in the United States led her to
Year Awarded: 2014
establish Ballet Philippines. Since then, she has produced a
contemporary dance that is uniquely Filipino, as a result of combining her state-of-the-art and
creative movements and styles with indigenous dance, modern dance and classical ballet. Her
masterpiece include Amada, Itim-Asu, and Bayanihan Remembered, which she utilized to
promote the distinctive aspects of Philippine arts, culture and heritage. Subsequently, she
initiated the popularization of modern dance in the country. By promoting outreach tours,
performances, programs, trainings, and workshops, she was able to strengthen the foundation for
Ballet Philippines and modern dance in the country.
NATIONAL ARTISTS FOR LITERATURE
A renowned poet, playwright, and novelist from Hagonoy,

Bulacan, Hernandez believed that his art should act as the
conscience of society, raising awareness about inequality and
oppression, in order to act accordingly when faced with inequality
and oppression, and to amend what is needed. His writing style, which
uses the colloquial language instead of the flowery lingo, paved the
way for the development of Tagalog prose. While in prison, he wrote
Mga Ibong Mandaragit, the first Filipino socio-political novel that
exposes the ills of the society in relation to the agrarian problems of
the 1950s. His other works include Bayang Malaya, Isang Dipang Amado V. Hernandez
Langit, Luha ng Buwaya, Muntinlupa and Magkabilang Mukha ng Born: September 13, 1903
Died: May 24, 1970
Isang Bagol. Year Awarded: 1973

An acclaimed contemporary poet from Singalong, Manila is Jose
Garcia Villa, most commonly known as Doveglion (Dove, Eagle, Lion). He
used this as his penname because these are the very characters that he
attributed to himself—the very same ones that e.e. cummings used in his
poem for Villa (Doveglion Adventures in Value). He is recognized as the
first to introduce reversed consonance rhyme scheme and the use of
punctuation marks, especially the comma, in his poems. Jose G. Villa
Born:
His poem entitled, “Have Come, Am Here,” was highly praised in New Died: FebruaryAugust 5, 1908
7, 1997
York in 1942 and from then on, more recognitions, honors and fellowships Year Awarded: 1973
were awarded to him. His works have been collected and published in the
following books: Footnote to Youth, Many Voices, Poems by Doveglion, Poems 55, Poems in
Praise of Love: The Best Love Poems of Jose Garcia Villa as Chosen By Himself, Selected Stories,
The Portable Villa, The Essential Villa, Mir-i-nisa, Storymasters 3: Selected Stories from Footnote
to Youth, 55 Poems: Selected and Translated into Tagalog by Hilario S. Francia.
Born in Paco, Manila, this distinguished writer has enriched the
English language with his baroque Spanish-flavored English writing. As
critics put it, Nic Joaquin’s reinvented English based on Filipinisms is
named “Joaquinesque.” His works depict the Filipino consciousness under
the Spanish regime that brought about social changes in the society, as
demonstrated in his stories such as Doña Jeronima, Candido’s
Apocalypse and The Order of Melchizedek. From essays, novels, poems
Nicomedes M. Joaquin and short stories, to reportage and journalism (with Quijano de Manila as
Born: May 4, 1917
Died: April 29, 2004 his penname), Joaquin was regarded as a writer of the “highest skill and
Year Awarded: 1976 quality”. Among his works are: The Woman Who Had Two Navels; A
Portrait of the Artist as Filipino; Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young; The Ballad of the Five
Battles; Rizal in Saga; Almanac for Manileños; and Cave and Shadows.
Carlos P. Romulo of Camiling, Tarlac is our next National Artist for
Literature. Although he is known to be the first Asian President of the
United Nations General Assembly, then Philippine Ambasador to
Washington, D.C., and later on Minister of Foreign Affairs, he also served
the public as an educator, diplomat, journalist, soldier, and a university
president. In essence, Romula was also a writer. In fact, he was the only
Carlos P. Romulo
Asian to receive a Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for his forecast about the Born: January 14, 1899
second World War. Aside from publishing 18 books, he also wrote Died: December 15, 1985
Year Awarded: 1982
literary works that include: The United (novel), I Walked with Heroes
(autobiography), I Saw the Fall of the Philippines, Mother America, I see the Philippines Rise (war
-time memoirs). Meanwhile, his associations with the United Nations led him into writing his
memoirs entitled, “Forty Years: A Third World Soldier at the UN”, and “The Philippine Presidents”,
his oral history of his experiences serving all the Philippine presidents.

Born in Sta. Cruz, Manila, Arcellana is a critic, essayist, journalist,
poet, teacher and writer. He is recognized as one of the originators of
modern Filipino short stories written in English, pioneering new literary forms
such as the lyrical-prose poetic form in his expression of the Filipino ideals.
His excellent works are widely part of the college syllabi in the country
and among his published books are Selected Stories, Poetry and Politics:
Francisco Arcellana The State of Original Writing in English in the Philippines Today, and The
Born: September 6, 1916 Francisco Arcellana Sampler. Some of his short stories include Frankie, The
Died: August 1, 2002
Year Awarded: 1990 Man Who Would Be Poe, Death in a Factory, Lina, A Clown
Remembers, Divided by Two, The Mats, and his poems being The Other
Woman, This Being the Third Poem This Poem is for Mathilda, and To Touch You and I Touched
Her.
Better known as N.V.M. Gonzalez, he was a writer who specialized
in fiction, depicting the Filipino character in rural and urban settings. He
was a multi-awarded literary artist from Romblon and was much-admired
for using the English language in his works to reflect and shape the
Philippine culture and Philippine sensibility. His major works include: The
Winds of April, Seven Hills Away, Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and
Other Stories, The Bamboo Dancers, Look Stranger, on this Island Now,
Mindoro and Beyond: Twenty-One Stories, The Bread of Salt and Nestor Vicente M. Gonzalez
Born: September 8, 1915
Other Stories, Work on the Mountain, The Novel of Justice: Selected Died: November 28, 1999
Year Awarded: 1997
Essays 1968-1994, A Grammar of Dreams and Other Stories.
Quirino, who is a native of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, was the first recipient
of the National Artist Award for Historical Literature, a new category in
the National Artist Awards created by former President Fidel V. Ramos in
1997. Acknowledged as a biographer, he has written one of the
earliest biographies of our National Hero, Jose Rizal. entitled The Great
Malayan. Moreover, he has also written books and articles about
Philippine culture and history ranging from Bonifacio’s trial to Aguinaldo’s
biography, from Philippine cartography to culinary arts, from cash crops
Carlos L. Quirino
Born: January 14, 1910 to tycoons and president’s lives, among several other themes. Notable
Died: May 20, 1999 among his accomplishments was when he became the very first Filipino
Year Awarded: 1997
correspondent for the United Press Institute. His best book is titled, Maps
and Views of Old Manila while his other books include: Quezon, Man of Destiny, Magsaysay of
the Philippines, Lives of the Philippine Presidents, Philippine Cartography, The History of Philippine
Sugar Industry, Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation, Filipinos at War: The Fight for Freedom
from Mactan to EDSA.

Rolando S. Tinio iwas National Artist for Teater and Literature. His
career as a prolific writer and playwright. He was a critic, a poet, translator
and a thespian gave way to creative artistic plays and productions that
revived the sarswela and modern Western Dramas. His productions as a
stage director were instrumental in making theater a recognized art form in
the Philippines. His poetry collections include: Sitsit sa Kuliglig, Dunung-
Dunungan, Kristal na Uniberso, A Trick of Mirrors. Among his films were: Now Rolando S. Tinio
Born: March 5, 1937
and Forever, Gamitin Mo Ako, Bayad Puri, Milagros; and his major theater Died: July 7, 1997
works include: Ang Mestisa, Ang Kiri, Ana Maria, Orosman at Zafira and Year Awarded: 1997
Larawan.
A National Artist for Literature and Music from Tondo, Celerio was a
scholar at the Academy of Music in Manila which enabled him to join and
become the youngest member of the Manila Symphony Orchestra. He
was a prolific lyricist and composer for decades, having authored more
than 4,000 songs. He was also recognized by the Guinness Book of
World Records as the only person to make music by just using a leaf.
Levi Celerio
Many of his songs were used for local movies that is why the Film Academy
Born: April 30, 1910 of the Philippines awarded him the Lifetime Achievement Award. He is
Died: April 2, 2002
Year Awarded: 1997 credited for writing the lyrics of traditional folk melodies namely O
Maliwanag Na Buwan (Ilocano folk song), Ako ay may Singsing
(Kapampangan folk song), and Alibangbang (Visayan folk song) among others. His major works
include: Pasko Na Naman, Ang Pasko ay Sumapit, Kahit Konting Pagtingin, Dungawin mo Hirang,
Tinig ng Bayan, Basta’t Mahal Kita.
An esteemed English writer of Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Tiempo is
distinguished for her remarkable blending of perception, style, and substance
in her works. As a poet, her writing technique is described as complex with
verbal metarmophoses; as a fictionist, she is known to be morally profound
and meticulous in the use of language and details. Her influence on
Philippine literature in English is remarkable. She even founded, together with
her late husband, Edilberto K. Tiempo, the Silliman National Writers Workshop Edith L. Tiempo
Born: April 22, 1919
in Dumaguete City which has shaped some of the best writers in the country. Died: August 21, 2011
Her novels include: A Blade of Fern, The Native Coast, The Alien Corn; Year Awarded: 1999
among her poetry collections are: The Tracks of Babylon and Other Poems, The Charmer’s
Box and Other Poems; and her short story collection is: Abide, Joshua, and Other Stories.
Well-known as F. Sionil Jose, this lecturer, publisher and writer from Rosales, Pangasinan is
recognized for his works that were described as “epic.” by many critics. His consistent promotion
of the Filipino hope for national sovereignty and social justice is a certification that his works are

of high value - as in the case of his Rosales saga comprising of 1) The
Pretenders, 2) Tree, 3) My Brother, My Executioner, 4) Mass, and 5) Po-on.
This five-novel masterpiece does not only reflect Philippine history but the
social struggles of the Filipino nation as well. As a result, this and his many
other short stories have been published in different languages.
Francisco Sionil Jose A poet, literary historian and critic from San
Born: December 3, 1924
Year Awarded: 2001
Miguel, Bulacan, Almario is known to have revived the
traditional Filipino poetic forms and practiced the
modernist styles as well. His diverse works under his pen name Rio Alma
range from lyrical to satirical to epic, from dramatic to incantatory — often
examining oneself and the society, exposing hypocrisies, injustices and
Virgilio S. Almario
untruths, among others. Born: March 9, 1944
Aside from his 12 books of poetry and 10 books of criticisms and Year Awarded: 2003
anthologies, which were all published, he also founded literary workshops such as the Galian sa
Arte at Tula (GAT) and the Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika at Anyo (LIRA) to mentor Filipino
literalists. To add to these contributions, he likewise had a go with children’s literature through the
Aklat Adarna series, exposing children to literature at an early age.
Among his famous works are: Makinasyon, Peregrinasyon, Doktrinang Anakpawis, Mga
Retrato at Rekwerdo, Muli, Sa Kandungan ng Lupa, Ang Makata sa Panahon ng
Makina, Balagtasismo versus Modernismo, Walong Dekada ng Makabagong Tula
Pilipino, Mutyang Dilim and Barlaan at Josaphat.
Born in Manila, Roces is a dramatist, an essayist, and a short story
writer, and is regarded as the country’s best writer of comic short stories. He
is mostly recalled for his widely anthologized “My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken.”
He reveals the abandoned aspects of the Filipino culture in his newspaper
columns, bringing back to popularity the beautiful local fiestas of the
Philippines such as the Ati-Atihan and the Moriones. He was one of the
Alejandro R. Roces advocates of the campaign to change the country’s Independence Day
Born: July 13, 1924
Died: May 23, 2011 from July 4 to June 12. He also initiated to change the language of some of
Year Awarded: 2003 the country’s documents from English to Filipino as in the case of the country’
s stamps, currency and passports, and was a catalyst in the recovery of Jose
Rizal’s manuscripts when they were stolen from the National Archives.
His unwavering love for his country piloted him to become a guerilla during World War II
and to defy martial law under the opposition against dictatorship. Among his major works are:
We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers, Of Cocks and Kites and Other Short Stories, Fiesta, and
Something to Crow About Short Stories. His contributions to the development of the Philippine
culture and the defense of its democracy have earned him various national and international
awards, including several decorations from various governments.

Hailing from Lipa City in Batangas, Lumbera is a multi-awarded poet,
librettist, and a scholar. He is acknowledge for introducing Bagay poetry to
Tagalog literature, which imprinted an aesthetic tendency to change the
vernacular poetic tradition. His works include Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa
(which are poems in English and Filipino), Balaybay, Mga Tulang Lunot at
Manibalang, Sa Sariling Bayan, Apat na Dulang May Musika, Agunyas sa
Hacienda Luisita, and Pakikiramay.
Dr. Bienvenido Lumbera
As a librettist, he was credited for his creative fusion of fine arts and Born: April 11, 1932
popular imagination. As a scholar, his major books include: Tagalog Year Awarded: 2006
Poetry, Tradition and Influences in its Development, Philippine Literature: A History and Anthology,
Revaluation: Essays on Philippine Literature, and Writing the Nation/Pag-akda ng Bansa.
Notable among his contributions is the establishment of quite a few literary organizations
such as the Philippine Comparative Literature Association, Pamana ng Panitikan ng Pilipinas,
Kalipunan para sa mga Literatura ng Pilipinas , Philippine Studies Association of the Philippines,
and Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino. These groups were influential in bringing back democracy
after Martial Law.
An award-winning writer from Orani, Bataan, Francisco’s works
embody his commitment to nationalism, tackling issues about oppression
among tenants, exploitation of deceitful landlords and foreign tyranny.
He ranked among the finest novelists of the country in the early 20th
century and gained fame not only as a writer for social conscience but
also for his “masterful handling of the Tagalog language”, making him the
“Master of the Tagalog Novel.” He has written 12 novels published in
Lazaro A. Francisco
episodes in the weekly Tagalog magazine called “Liwayway.” His literary
Born: February 22, 1898 outputs in Tagalog were instrumental in the enrichment of the Filipino
Died: June 17, 1980
Year Awarded: 2009 language and as an advocate of the national language, he
established the Kapatiran ng mga Alagad ng Wikang Pilipino (KAWIKA)
in 1958. Among his reputable novels are: Ama, Bayang Nagpatiwakal, Maganda Pa Ang
Daigdig, and Daluyong. These works have put him in an eminent place in Philippine Literature
where he was cited as the “foremost Filipino novelist of his generation” and “champion of the
Filipino writer’s struggle for national identity.”
Regarded as the foremost Filipino writer of his generation, Bautista is a
poet, fictionist and essayist. Other than his literary works, his lasting legacy will
be his acts of brining literature closer to the people by holding workshops
and trainings all over the country, teaching updated techniques and trends
in literature to the youth. He believed in the importance of training writers at
an early age that is why he pioneered several writing groups in the
Cirilo F. Bautista
Philippines such as the Philippine Literary Arts Council in 1981, the Iligan Born: July 9, 1941
Year Awarded: 2014

National Writers Workshop in 1993, and the Baguio Writers Group. Among his major works
include: Summer Suns, The Trilogy of Saint Lazarus, Believe and Betray: New and Collected
Poems, Stories, Galaw ng Asoge , Breaking Signs: Lectures on Literature and Semiotics, and
Words and Battlefields: A Theoria on the Poem.
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE

Antonio is known as the Pioneer for modern Philippine architecture. His
basic design is founded on simplicity, believing that buildings should be
simple and stable forever as the aim of true architecture. He pointed out,
“For our father, every line must have a meaning, a purpose. For him, function
comes first before elegance or form “. His designs are characterized with the
maximum use of natural light and cross ventilation. His major works include the
following: Far Eastern University Administration and Science buildings; Manila
Pablo S. Antonio
Polo Club; Ideal Theater; Lyric Theater; Galaxy Theater; Capitan Luis Born: January 25, 1902
Gonzaga Building; Boulevard-Alhambra (now Bel-Air) apartments; Ramon Died: June 14, 1975
Year Awarded: 1976
Roces Publications Building (now Guzman Institute of Electronics).
From Negros Occidental, Locsin was known for his distinctive and
unmistakable style of combining the extremes (the aesthetics of the north
and south, the oriental and the occidental) as evident in his use of
concrete, reflecting his mastery of space and scale. Every Locsin Building is
original and depicts the theme of a floating volume, and the duality of light
and heavy. From 1955 to 1994, Locsin has produced 75 residences and
88 buildings, including 11 churches and chapels, 23 public buildings, 48
Leandro S. Locsin commercial buildings, six major hotels, and an airport terminal building. The
Born: August 15, 1928
Died: November 15, 1994 CCP Complex itself is a Locsin Complex with all five buildings designed by
Year Awarded: 1990 him — the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Folk Arts Theater, Philippine
International Convention Center, Philcite and The Westin Hotel (now Sofitel Philippine Plaza). His
largest single work is the Istana Nurul Iman, the palace of the Sultan of Brunei, which has a floor
area of 2.2 million square feet.
Santos is the pioneer of an allied field of architecture in the
Philppines called landscape architecture. For four decades, he has
produced hundreds of exemplary and engaging parks, plazas, gardens,
and a wide range of outdoor settings that have enhanced contemporary
Filipino life. He made his first mark with the Makati Commercial Center where
he introduced a new concept of outdoor shopping with landscaped
walks, fountains and sculptures as accents. His major contribution to
Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.
modern Filipino landscape architecture was the seminal public landscape Born: September 5, 1929
in Paco Park. Died: January 29, 2014
Year Awarded: 2006

Among his most recent projects were the Tagaytay Highland Resort, the Mt. Malarayat
Golf and Country Club in Lipa, Batangas, and the Orchard Golf and Country Club in Imus,
Cavite.
Zaragoza is known for being a pillar of modern architecture in the
Philippines producing modern ecclesiastical edifices and structures in the
service of God and humanity. He graduated from UST in 1936 and
became the 82nd architect of the Philippines. He specialized in religious
architecture that is why he also studied at International Institute of
Liturgical Art in Rome in the late 1950s,. His training paved the way for
Jose Maria Zaragoza
innovative approaches and designs of mid-Century Catholic churches in
Died: November 26, 1994 the country including the Sto. Domingo Church, Our Lady of Rosary in
Year Awarded: 2014
Tala, Don Bosco Church, the Convent of the Pink Sisters, the San Beda
Convent, Villa San Miguel, Pius XII Center, the Union Church, and the controversial restoration of
the Quiapo Church, among others.
A National Artist for Architecture and Allied Arts, Mañosa

passionately created original forms, and spaces with elaborate and
sophisticated details that is truly Filipino in identity like his landmark design
of the Sulo Hotel. His major works include the: San Miguel Building; Ortigas
Center in Pasig City which was designed with the Mañosa Brothers;
Francisco T. Mañosa
Chapel of the Risen Lord in Las Piñas City; Our Lady of Peace Shrine in Born: February 12, 1931
EDSA, Quezon City; the World Youth Day Papal Altar used in Quirino Year Awarded: 2018
Grandstand, Manila in 1995; the Metrorail Transit System Stations for LRT 1
in 1980s; the Quezon Memorial Circle Development Plan; the Lanao del Norte Provincial
Capitol in Tubod, Lanao del Norte; the Tahanang Pilipino (Coconut Palace) in CCP Complex,
Manila; the famous Amanpulo Resort in Palawan; the Pearl Farm Resort in Samal Island, Davao,
which was completed in 1994 and the La Mesa Watershed Resort and Ecological Park in La
Mesa Dam, Quezon City. Truly, these works have recognized the country in terms of the intricate
and refined details of Philippine architecture.
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR CINEMA

Recognized as the first Filipino National Artist in Theater and Film,
Avellana was known as the Boy Wonder of the Philippine Movies, which his
film debut of “Sakay” in 1939, a biopic on the 20th century Filpino
revolutionary Macario Sakay.
He was the first to use the motion picture camera, a medium that
Lamberto V. Avellana revolutionalized film techniques and narration to establish a point of view.
Born: February 12, 1915
Died: April 25, 1991
Through his efforts, he was able to establish a Filipino theater, forming the
Year Awarded: 1976

Barangay Theater Guild, where other famous national artists were members of. Among his
distinctive achievements were: Grand Prix at the Asian Film Festival in Hong Kong for Anak Dalita,
and Best Director of Asia Award in Tokyo for Badjao. Aside from these, his fim Kandelerong Pilak
was also shown in Cannes International Film Festival. He also directed films that were released
worlwide like Sergeant Hasan in 1967, Destination Vitenam in 1969 and the Evil Within in 1970.
Avellana’s demonstration of visual rhythm did establish a new filmic language in the
country.
Also known as “Gerry,” this National Artist for Cinema was exposed
to the arts at an early age. His family was into the theater business and
was already a piano player in high school at Cine Moderno in Quiapo
where he provided accompaniment to silent movies. Although he finished
Medicine, his passion in arts later translated to films. His directorial debut
was “Ama’t Anak” starring himself and his brother Tito Arevalo. From then
on, he directed other movies that are now considered as Filipino classics
Gerardo De Leon
in the Philippine cinema. His major works include: “Ang Maestra”, which is his Born: September 12, 1913
biggest pre-war hit, “Dyesebel”, “Banaue”, “Daigdig ng mga Api”, “Noli Me Died: July 25, 1981
Year Awarded: 1982
Tangere”, “El Filibusterismo”, “Sisa”, and many more.
Catalino “Lino” O. Brocka is a National Artist for Film and

Broadcast Arts. He was a director for film, theater and broadcast arts. His
masterpieces that portray the less-than-glamorous part of the society like
the construction workers, prostitutes, the disadvantaged that live in the
slums, etc., paved the way for the term “freedom of expression” in the
Philippine Constitution. In truth, his more than 60 films gave hope for the
marginalized, giving the masses characters that they can relate to with
dignity. Brocka’s legacy founded on his social activist spirit was
Catalino O. Brocka recognized by various award-giving bodies here and abroad, including
Born: April 3, 1939
Died: May 22, 1991 the Cannes Film Festival. Among his films include: “Santiago”, “Wanted
Year Awarded: 1997 Perfect Mohter”, “Tubog sa Ginto”, “Stardoom”, “Tinimbang Ka Ngunit
Kulang”, “Maynila: Sa Kuko ng Liwanag”, “Insiang”, “Jaguar”, “Bona”,
“Orapronobis”, and Makiusap Ka Sa Diyos”.
Dubbed as “the genius of the Philippine cinema”, Bernal was also
named as “maestro” for his films that show the realites behind the struggles
and social injustices that the Filipinos face. His artistic style as a filmmaker
made the audience reflect about oppression, women empowerment and
morality, and at the same time, entertained. Among his notable films that
are considered as classics are “Pahiram ng Isang Umaga”, “Broken Ishmael Bernal
Marriage”, “Himala“, “City After Dark”, “Nunal sa Tubig”, “Pinulot Ka Lang Born: September 30, 1938
Died: June 2, 1996
sa Lupa”. Throughout his career, he received numerous awards here and Year Awarded: 2001
2113 Integrative Art as Applied

Contemporary Artsto
in Contemporary
the Philippines Art
abroad and among these notable recognitions include four (4) Best Director awards by the
Urian Awards, Most Outstanding Fillmaker of the Decade from the Manunuri ng Pelikulang
Pilipino, Director of the Decade from the Catholic Mass Media Awards, the Bronze Hugo Award
at the Chicago International Film Festival in 1983 for his film, “Himala”, and the ASEAN Cultural
Award at Communication Arts in 1993.
Romero was an influential filmmaker whose career spanned over 30
years. As a director, producer, and screenwriter, his films were critiqued as
grandiose, realistic but utterly simple, and never predictable. Like any
other National Artist for Cinema, his films were devoted to portraying the
lives of the Filipinos i.e. during the Spanish Revolution, and American
colonization, during the prehistoric Philippines concentrating on folklores,
the turmoil in the late 1960s under the corrupt politics, and many more.
Eddie S. Romero Among his major works are “Ganito Kami Noon...Paano Kayo Ngayon?”,
Born: July 7, 1924
Died: May 28, 2013 “Aguila”, “Kamakalawa”, “Banta ng Kahapon” and “Noli Me Tangere”.
Year Awarded: 2003
Popularly known as Fernando Poe Jr. or FPJ for
short, Poe was named as the “King of Philippine Movies.” Though he was an
actor, he was also a director, producer, and a writer leaving behind more
than 200 films. “The King” was well-loved by the Filipino audiences for his
roles as the underdog who would later climb back up and take revenge
against his oppressors. His movies inspired the Filipino masses who felt
hopeless in life. Among his major works are: “Apollo Robles”, “Batang
Maynila”, “Mga Alabok sa Lupa”, “Ako ang Katarungan”, “Tatak ng Alipin”, Ronald Allan K. Poe
“Asedillo”, “Partida”, “Ang Probinsyano”, “Ang Alamat”, “Ang Pagbabalik ng Died: December 14, 2004
Lawin”, and “Panday” Series (1980, 1981, 1982 and 1984). Year Awarded: 2006
From Daet, Camarines Norte, Conde’s films are grounded on old

Filipino tales such as Siete Infantes de Lara, Si Juan Tamad, Prinsipe
Tenoso, and Ang Ibong Adarna. Indeed, while other contemporary
filmmakers were producing American replicas, he made movies from Filipino
oral tradition that were passed from generation to generation.
With more than 40 films, Conde is known for the indigenization of the
Manuel Conde cinema by 1) assigining it a history and culture of its own; 2) revitalizing
Born: October 9, 1915
Died August 11, 1985 folk culture with urgent issues, fresh themes and new techniques;
Year Awarded: 2009 3) depicting and critiquing Filipino customs, values and traditions
according to the needs of the present; 4) employing and at the same time innovating on the
traditional cinematic genres of his time; and 5) opening the local cinema to the world. He was
also credited for being a visionary - he created and conceptualized films that narrate stories
about world historical figures like Genghis Khan and Sigfredo, which were far more worthy than
the usual predictable stories that moviegoers have been accustomed to. Aside from his

major works that were mentioned above, he is also known for his “Ikaw Kasi!” and “Juan Tamad
Goes to Congress.”
More known as Kidlat Tahimik, he is a critically acclaimed filmmaker
who pioneered the postcolonial essay film. He is also credited for the
development of Philippine Independent Cinema, whose films are associated
with the Third Cinema Movement through social commentaries of the
Neocolonialism. His films purposely tell the Filipinos to give importance to
their independence and revoke imperialism from the West. This way, we can
preserve our culture and at the same time, realize that in the realm of
Eric Oteyza De Guia poverty, one does not necessarily remain poor and sad. Among his films
Born: October 3, 1942
Year Awarded: 2018 include: “Mababangong Bangungot” in 1977 (which was applauded by
critics and filmmakers from Europe, North America, Asia and Africa),
“Balikbayan #1: Memories of Overdevelopment Redux”, “Japanese Summers of a Filipino
Fundoshi”, “Why is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?”, “Orbit 50: Letters to My 3 Sons”,
“Turumba”, and “Who Invented the Yoyo? Who Invented the Moon Buggy?”., among others.
NATIONAL ARTIST FOR MUSIC

Aside from being a composer and a conductor, Molina was also a
music professor at the UP Conservatory of Music, where he molded and
influenced music personalities like Lucresia Kasilag and Felipe de Leon. His
gift in music was evident at an early age – he performed at the former Manila
Grand Opera House as an orchestra soloist and wrote his first composition
when he was 18. Known for his impressionist style in music, he was among the Antonio J. Molina
musical triumvirate which includes Nicanor Abelardo and Francisco Died: January 29, 1980
Santiago. He is credited for making innovations like the pentatonic scale, Year Awarded: 1973
linear counterpoints, and the lively ninth and eleventh cords, bringing the Philippine music to the
modern times. Among his major works include Orchestral Mmusic entitled “Ang Batingaw”, and
“Kundiman-Kundangan”; Chamber Music entitled “Hating Gabi”, and “Kung sa Iyong Gunita”;
and Vocal Music entitled “Awit ni Maria Clara” and “Larawan Nitong Pilipinas”.
Before we ever heard of Lea Salonga’s big break in Broadway, Jovita

Fuentes was already making a name in Europe as a theater actress. This
was the time when the Philippines and the Filipinos were unheard of back
then in Europe. Fuentes’ theater performances include the portrayal of Cio-
cio-san in Madame Butterfly at Italy’s Teatro Municipale di Piacenza., Liu Yu
in Turandot, and Mimi in La Boheme. She was recognized by Spain for her
Jovita Fuentes performances and was given the title “La Embahadora de Filipinas a su
Born: February 15, 1895 Madre Patria” – the first and only of record. Her success in Europe enabled
Died: August 7, 1978
Year Awarded: 1976 her to produce operas in the Philippines. She founded the Artists’ Guild of

the Philippines, which was responsible for the periodic “Tour of Operaland” productions.
Honorata “Atang” Dela Rama, a.k.a. the “Queen of Kundiman”
started her acting career in many Spanish sarswelas when she was seven
years old. At the age of 15, she starred in the sarswela entitled “Dalagang
Bukid”, which later on developed into a film that featured her as the female
lead as well. Dela Rama believes that the Filipino soul can be best
expressed through the kundiman and sarswela and to keep the spirit of
these art forms, she even performed for the Aetas or Negritos of Zambales
and the Sierra Madre, the Bagobos of Davao, and the Lumad of
Honorata Dela Rama Mindanao. Her major performances include: “Ay, Ay Kalusud”, “Kung Iibig
Born: January 11, 1902
Died: July 11, 1991 Ka”, “Madaling Araw”, “Mutya ng Pasig”. Her original sarswelas include:
Year Awarded: 1987
“Anak ni Eba”, “Aking Ina”, and “Puri at Buhay”. Atang is a National Artist for
Theater and Music.
A composer, a teacher, a performing artist, and a cultural
entrepreneur of national and international caliber, Kasilag aimed to
experiment on incorporating western influence with ethnic music by infusing
indigenous instruments in symphonic productions. Through this daring
initiative, she was able to uncover the Filipino roots of ethic music and even
made Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company one of the best artistic and
cultural groups in the country, together with her colleagues Lucresia Reyes-
Urtula, Isabel Santos, Jose Lardizabal, and Dr. Leticia P. de Guzman. Lucrecia R. Kasilag
Dubbed as “Tita King”, her prize-winning works include “Toccata for Died: August 16, 2008
Percussions and Winds, Divertissement and Concertante, and the scores of Year Awarded: 1989
the Filiasiana Misang Pilipino, and De Profundis. Among her orchestral music include: Love
Songs, Legend of the Sarimanok, Ang Pamana, Philippine Scenes, Her Son, Jose, Sisa. In
addition, she was also recognized for her chamber music entitled, Awit ng mga Awit
Psalms, Fantaisie on a 4-Note Theme, and East Meets Jazz Ethnika.
Buenaventura was very passionate about music. His musical career
lasted for seven decades, which in fact, enhanced the boundaries of
Philippine music. Buenaventura, with Francisca Reyes-Aquino, made
ethnic tribe songs popular. This paved the way for him to compose ethnic
-inspired songs for the orchestra, symphony and solo instruments. He is also
credited for restoring the prestige of the Philippine Army Band as one of
the finest military bands in the world, whose performances under his
tutelage sound like a symphony orchestra”. His major works include:
Antonino Buenaventura
Born: May 4, 1904 “Triumphal March,” “Echoes of the Past,” “History Fantasy,” Second
Died: – January 25, 1996 Symphony in E-flat, “Echoes from the Philippines,” and “Ode to Freedom”,
Year Awarded: 1988
to name a few.

San Pedro’s music is known to represent the folk elements of the
Filipino heritage. Recognized as a conductor, master composer, and a
music teacher, his notable works became a significant factor in the
development of a civic culture among the local youth as he worked with
town bands that unlocked their creativity in music. He has produced works
varying from band music, sonatas for violin and orchestra, choral works,
cantatas, chamber music, music for violin and piano and songs for solo
voice. Among his works include orchestral music entitled, The Devil’s
Bridge, Malakas at Maganda Overture, Prelude and Fugue in D Lucio San Pedro
minor, Hope and Ambition; choral music entitled Easter Cantata, Sa Born: February 11, 1913
Died: March 31, 2002
Mahal Kong Bayan, Rizal’s Valedictory Poem; vocal music entitled Lulay, Year Awarded: 1991
Sa Ugoy ng Duyan, In the Silence of the Night; and band music entitled
Dance of the Fairies, Triumphal March, Lahing Kayumanggi, Angononian March to name a few.
Jose Maceda was not only a composer, but also a musicologist,
teacher and performer. He explored the remotest mountain villages and
farthest island communities of the country in order to discover and
understand the Filipino traditional music. His researches contributed to its
popularization, which brought about an immeasurable collection of
recorded music about the nature of Philippine traditional and ethnic
compositions. This paved the way for more local compositions that are
far from the usual Eurocentric mold. His compositions, Ugma-
Jose Maceda ugma, Pagsamba, and Udlot-udlot are testimonies to his dedication to
Died: May 5, 2004 Philippine music. His other works include Agungan, Kubing, Pagsamba,
Year Awarded: 1997 Ugnayan, Ading, Aroding, Siasid, and Suling-suling.
Many Filipino composers have attempted to Filipinize western
music forms but it was Felipe De Leon who successfully accomplished
this feat. His notable compositions of the sonatas, marches and
concertos about the hopes and dreams of the Filipinos during difficult
times were truly remarkable that he was awarded numerous honors and
recognitions such as the Republic Cultural Heritage Award, Doctor of
Humanities from UP, Rizal Pro-Patria Award, Presidential Award of Merit,
and Patnubay ng Kalinangan Award, among others. Among his
orchestral music include Mariang Makiling Overture, Roca Encantada,
Felipe De Leon
symphonic legend, Maynila Overture, and Orchesterstuk. His choral Born: May 1, 1912
music entitled Payapang Daigdig, Ako’y Pilipino, Lupang Died: December 5, 1992
Year Awarded: 1997
Tinubuan, Ama Namin, and songs Bulaklak, Alitaptap, and Mutya ng
Lahi were also extraordinary.

Andrea Veneracion is a well-regarded National Artist for Music. She
was a former faculty of the UP College of Music and honorary choir of the
Philippine Federation of Choral Music. On top of this, she also spearheaded
a cultural outreach program through music education and was a recognized
adjudicator in international music competitions. She was also the founder of
the Philippine Madrigal Singers and led the development of the Philippine
choral music. Without a doubt, her successes as a choirmaster and choral
arranger contributed to the development of the culture and the arts . Andrea Veneracion
Born: July 11, 1928
Died: July 9, 2013
An expert musician who hailed from Malolos, Year Awarded: 1999
Bulacan, Cuenco was a recognized composer, film
scorer, and musical director. He has a music degree in piano and cello
from the University of Santo Tomas, where he served as an educator for
decades. He also performed with the Filipino Youth Symphony Orchestra
and the Manila Symphony Orchestra from 1960 to 1968, and the Manila
Chamber Soloists from 1966 to 1970. His passion for music raised the
bar of contemporary Filipino music in the country with his compositions and
Ernani J. Cuenco ingenious voice that personify the Filipino sense of musicalness., adding
Born: May 10, 1936
Died: June 11, 1988 kundiman elements to his works. Among his songs and ballads include:
Year Awarded: 1999
“Nahan, Kahit na Magtiis,” and “Diligin Mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa,”
“Pilipinas,” “Inang Bayan,” “Isang Dalangin,” “Kalesa,” “Bato sa Buhangin” and “Gaano Kita
Kamahal.”
Santos is a Filipino composer, conductor and musicologist, and is the

leading advocate of contemporary Filipino music in the country. Taking in
the traditions of non-Western and Southeast Asian music, his innovations
gave a new direction to Philippine music. With his local education in
music (having taken a Teacher’s Diploma and a degree in Bachelor of
Music in both Composition and Conducting in UP College of Music), and
a foreign education in music (having taken a Master’s Degree at Indiana
University under a Fulbright Scholarship and a Doctorate Degree at the Ramon P. Santos
State University of New York), Santos has been exposed to the world of Born: February 25, 1941
Year Awarded: 2014
contemporary and avant-garde music.
He learned the meticulous processes of serial music, electronic and contemporary music,
indefiniteness, including new vocal and improvisational techniques. To further his skills in music, he
studied in New Music in Darmstadt, Germany and in Utrecht, Netherlands. When he returned to
the Philippines, his style changed – he threw himself into learning indigenous Philippine and Asian
music, which led to a new alternative musical language that originated from an awareness of
Asian music aesthetics and culture.

Aside from these, he also engaged himself in research to study the ethnic music of the
Ibaloi of the North, which paved the way for a new perspective in composing songs. As a result,
his songs followed the ethnomusicological discipline, the translation of indigenous musical
systems into modern musical discourse, and the combination of the Western and non-Western
sound. In other words, Santos was instrumental in the development of Philippine music that is
rooted in old Asian practices and life concepts.
Feliciano’s works raised the Philippine music to a higher notch by
bringing out the “Asianness” in his compositions. He made the Asian
culture known all over the world through his music, celebrating our
ethnicity as he introduced the exceptional sounds of our indigenous
music with the same caliber as that of the West. His choral compositions
that won many awards in international competitions were described as a
celebration of various ethnicities having refined rhythmic energy and
sophisticated braiding of lines from indigenous songs, and were
performed by the best choirs in the country namely the Philippines Francisco Feliciano
Madrigal Singers, UST Singers, and the Novo Concertante Manila. Born: February 19, 1941
Died: September 19, 2014
Further, his operas and orchestral works were contemporary in style, and Year Awarded: 2014
were intricately written using the so-called Feliciano’s tonality called the
modal scales. Among his works, which include: Ashen Wings, Sikhay sa Kabila ng Paalam, La
Loba Negra, Yerma, Pamugun, and Pokpok Alimako brought out the Filipino spirituality in simple
harmonies but with life-long influence on the listeners.
Named as Mr. C in the music industry, this National Artist for Music is
a versatile arranger, composer, and musical director. Cayabyab’s musical
prowess started when he was four. He took piano lessons and graduated
from the UP School of Music with a degree in Music, Major in Music Theory.
He became popular in the music industry as a musical director, conductor
and accompanist. With leading music figures, he was able to perform
in the United States and gained a notable audience at Carnegie Hall.
Ryan Cayabyab He also went to various Southeast Asian and European countries to
Born: May 4, 1954
Year Awarded: 2018 commandeer performances in Spain, the Netherlands, France and
Germany. In addition, he has also remarkably directed different musicians
who performed for former US President Bill Clinton and royal personalities like King Hasan II of
Morroco, King Juan Carlos of Spain, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, and Queen Beatrix of
Netherlands. His talent even extended to being an artist, producer and composer for
commercial recordings. He was the one who composed the opening song of Miss Universe
1994 and the theme song for the 23rd edition of the Southeast Asian Games. It was also his
extraordinary skill that led him to compose songs for Filipino movies namely “Aguila,” “Desire,”
“Hihintayin Kita sa Langit,” “Abot Kamay ang Pangarap,” “Ligaya ang Itawag Mo sa Akin,” “Ang

Lalaki sa Buhay ni Selya” and “Ang Larawan.” He also conducted theater musicals like “Noli Me
Tangere,” “El Filibusterismo,” “Magnificat,” “Alikabok,” “Ilustrado,” “Spolarium” and “Lorenzo.” Due to
his valuable contributions to the music industry, he was awarded the following to name a few:
Grand Prize Award (Metro Manila Popular Music Festival in 1978), Best Music Award (“Kung
Mawawala Ka” in Metro Manila Film Festival in 1993), Lifetime Achievement Award
(The Philippine Association of the Record Industry in 1996), Gawad CCP Para sa Sining in Music
(Cultural Center of the Philippines in 2004), MYX Magna Award (MYX Music Awards in 2012),
Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice Award (Conferred by Pope Francis in 2013).
To further recognize his versatility, he was offered a position as the Executive and Artistic
Director of San Miguel Foundation for the Performing Arts from 2001 to 2007. Indeed, this
talented musician has captured the Filipino soul as his composition style spans from concert
religious music, symphonic work, art song, opera, and concerto to mainstream popular
vernaculars in the music industry and in live contemporary multimedia shows like musical theater,
dance, film and even TV Commercials – all these have significantly contributed to the
development of the country’s arts and culture.
Aside from those already mentioned, his notable works also include: Rama-Hari (a Two-
act musical ballet), Katy! The Musical (a Two-act musical), Smokey Mountain (a Pop CD album),
One Christmas (a Christmas Album), Ignacio Of Loyola (a Film Score), Da Coconut Nut, Kay
Ganda Ng Ating Musika, Nais Ko, Paraiso, Kahit Ika’y Panaginip Lang, Kailan, and Tuwing
Umuulan at Kapiling Ka.

 The Order of National Artist (ONA), also called the Orden ng Pambansang
Alagad ng Sining is the highest recognition given by the Republic of the
Philippines to Filipinos who have made significant contributions to the
development of Philippine arts.
 The National Artists for Visual Arts are:
 Fernando Amorsolo
 Carlos “Botong” Francisco
 Guillermo E. Tolentino
 Napoleon V. Abueva
 Victorio C. Edades
 Vicente Manansala
 Hernando Ocampo
 Cesar Legaspi
 Arturo Luz
 J. Elizalde Navarro
 Ang Kiukok
 Benedicto Cabrera
 Abdulmari Asia Imao
 Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
 Francisco Coching
 Jose T. Joya
 The National Artists for Architecture are:
 Pablo S. Antonio
 Leandro V. Locsin
 Ildefonso P. Santos
 The National Artists for Literature are:
 Carlos Quirino
 Francisco Arcellana
 NVM Gonzalez
 Nick Joaquin
F. Sionil Jose
 Alejandro Roces

 Edith L. TIempo
 Virgilio S. Almario
 Amado V. Hernandez
 Carlos P. Romulo
 Bienvenido Lumbrera
 Cirilo F. Bautista
 Lazaro Francisco
 Jose Garcia Villa
 The National Artists for Cinema/Film are:
 Lamberto V. Arellana
 Manuel Conde
 Eddie S. Romero
 Lino Brocka
 Gerardo de Leon
 Ishmael Bernal
 Ronald Alan K. Poe
 The National Artists for Dance are:
 Francisca R. Aquino
 Leonor O. Goquingco
 Lucresia R. Kasilag
 Ramon A. Obusan
 Alice G. Reyes
 The National Artists for Theater are:
 Daisy Avellana
 Honorata “Atang” dela Rama
 Rolando S. Tinio
 Salvadro F. Bernal
 Wilferdo Ma. Guerrero
 Severino MOntana

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 6.1
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the statements carefully. Identiy who is being described in each
statement and write the CAPITAL LETTER of the correct answer on the space provided.
______1. He is the first National Artist in the country.

A. Arturo Luz C. Fernando Amorsolo
B. Hernando R. Ocampo D. Vicente Manansala
______2. He was recognized as the Father of Modern Philippine Painting.

A. Benedicto Cabrera C. Pablo S. Antonio
B. Victorio Edades D. Leandro V. Locsin
______3. He was considered as the Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture.

A. Napoleon V. Abueva C. Ildefonso P. Santos
B. Jose T. Joya D. Ang Kiukok
______4. He was more known as Fernando Poe Jr. or FPJ, a Filipino icon in the film industry who
was an actor, director, writer and producer.
A. Francisco Coching C. Jose T. Joya
B. Ranald Allan K. Poe D. Federico Alcuaz
______5. She was the Queen of Kundiman and the first actress to portray a 15-year old in the
very first Tagalog film.
A. Alice G. Reyes C. Lucresia R. Kasilag
B. Francisca R. Aquino D. Honorata “Atang” dela Rama
______6. He was a writer who specialized in fiction, depicting the Filipino character in rural and
urban settings.
A. NVM Gonzalez C. Carlos P. Romulo
B. Carlos L. Quirino D. Nick M. Joaquin
______7. He was a comic book writer and an illustrator from Pasig and was named as the “King
of Komiks.”
A. Federico A. Alcuaz C. Abdulmari Asia Imao
B. Francisco V. Coching D. Benedicto R. Cabrera

ACTIVITY 6.1
(con’t.)
______8. He was known for his mural in the Bulwagang Katipunan of the Manila City Hall.
A. Fernando Amorsolo C. Carlos “Botong” Francisco
B. Victorio C. Edades D. Vicente S. Manansala
_____9. She was known for her experimentations on incorporating western influence with ethnic
music using indigenous instruments in symphonic productions.
A. Honorata “Atang” dela Rama C. Lucrecia R. Urtula
B. Lucresia R. Kasilag D. Leonor O. Goquingco
_____ 10. She dedicated her life to studying Philippine folk and ethnic dances. As a result, she
was able to preserve and develop the ethnic dance culture.
______11. Her love for classical ballet and folk dance enabled her to produce contemporary
dances that are uniquely Filipino.
______12. His techniques of using a minimalist, geometric abstract in his work reflect a true Asian
modernity.
A. Napoleon V. Abueva C. Hernando R. Ocampo
B. Guillermo E. Tolentino D. Arturo R. Luz
______13. He is known for his landmark designs of the Sulo Hotel, San Miguel Building, Our Lady
of Peace Shrine in EDSA and the World Youth Day Papal Altar which was used in Quirino
Grandstand in 1995.
A. Francisco T. Manosa C. Jose Maria Zaragoza
B. Ishmael Bernal D. Lamberto V. Avellana
______14. He was known for being the Boy Wonder of the Philippine Movies.
A. Francisco T. Manosa C. Jose Maria Zaragoza
B. Ishmael Bernal D. Lamberto V. Avellana
______15. He is known for composing the opening song of Miss Universe in 1994.
A. Francisco Feliciano C. Ramon P. Santos
B. Ryan Cayabyab D. Ernani J. Cuenco

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 6.2
Complete the table below. Choose one (1) National Artist from each art form and write down
his/her contribution to Philippine arts. On the third column, write down a title of his/her famous
artwork/masterpiece.
ART FORM NATIONAL ARTIST FAMOUS ARTWORK/
PAINTING
VISUAL ARTS
SCULPTURE
DANCE
LITERATURE
ARCHITECTURE
CINEMA
MUSIC

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 6.3
SHORT ESSAY. Read and analyze each question. Answer each question in not more than 10
sentences.
1. What do you think is the common denominator among the recognized National Artists?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. If you are to revisit the criteria for choosing the National Artists, what would you add? What
would you delete?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. If you are to nominate a National Artist of your time, who would it be? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 6.4

LESSON 7
Gawad sa
Manlilikhang Bayan
The Philippines is known for its rich culture and arts, which is why the National Commission
for Culture and Arts or NCCA aims to preserve, develop, and promote Philippine arts and
culture.
In the previous lesson, you have learned that we do have excellent and true artists in
the country. Indeed, the lesson on National Artists has made us more aware of the substantial
and significant works of art of the Filipino artists, which provide a genuine standard for the
country’s future artists. With the growing number of artists in the country, it is but proper to
maintain the ideals of an authentic Filipino artist. Truly, being recognized as a living legend of
the arts is something. But being acknowledged as an artist who has kept a rare form of
traditional Filipino creativity and originality alive is a different story.
This lesson is focused on recognizing extraordinary artists, whose styles, tools, and crafts
are regarded as one-of-a-kind as well. Such acknowledgement emphasizes the artists’ efforts in
keeping the country’s unique and diverse cultural heritage alive, by means of continued
practice and education.
GET STARTED
Take a look at the artwork below. Write down your random thoughts about it. What do
you think it is? How would you describe the elements used? What is it made of? Does it have a
function? Do you think it is unique enough to be considered as a traditional art?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

If you are to recognize a traditional artist in the
Carry On
country, what qualifications should they possess?
(GAMABA) Awards
Other than recognizing the Filipino individuals who have made significant impacts on
the development of the Philippine arts – be it architecture and allied arts, broadcast arts,
dance, film, literature, music, theater, and visual arts, the National Commission for Culture and the
Arts or NCCA, being the state’s highest policy-making and coordinating body for Culture and
Arts, also acknowledges the finest traditional artists of the land. Through the Executive Council
for Gawad sa Manililikha ng Bayan or the National Living Treasures Award, Filipinos who exhibit
an unparalleled dedication to traditional craftsmanship and excellence are recognized. These
Filipino artists are passionate and persistent to pass down their heritage to the youth in order to
preserve the many cultural practices of the indigenous communities, and promote a genuine
appreciation of the brilliant works of the Manlilikha ng Bayan – something that Filipinos should
be proud of. Hence, in April 1992, the GAMABA Awards was institutionalized through Republic
Act No. 7355, and is still being awarded today to artists who have preserved some of the
country’s most important indigenous traditions. In short, GAMABA is the counterpart of the Order
of the National Artist (ONA).
The following specific details were adopted from the NCCA:
Description The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan, or the National Living Treasures

Award, is conferred on Filipinos who are at the forefront of the practice,
preservation, and promotion of the nation’s traditional folk arts.
Main To honor and support traditional folk artists and to see to it that that their
Objective skills and crafts are preserved.
Logo The GAMABA logo is a stylized representation of the human form used in
traditional cloth. Below the logo is a Baybayin text that says, ‘Manlilikha ng
Bayan’. Note that Baybayin is an ancient Filipino script that was extensively
used in the Philippines in the 16th century, at the time of Western contact.

Criteria 1. Should be a Filipino citizen or group of citizens belonging to an
indigenous / traditional cultural community anywhere in the Philippines,
engaged in Filipino traditional art in the following categories: folk
architecture, maritime transport, weaving, carving, performing arts,
literature, graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery
and other artistic expressions of traditional culture;
2. Should have been engaged in the tradition and craft for a significant
period of time with at least 50 years of existence and documentation;
3. Should have produced and performed of artistic, distinctive, and
superior quality;
4. Should possess mastery of the tools and materials that are needed for
the art and must have a reputation for being an art master and craft
maker in the community where he / she belongs;
5. Should have passed on and/ or will pass on the traditional crafts and
skills to other members of the community by virtue of teaching;
6. In case when a Manlilikha ng Bayan candidate is incapable of
teaching further his/ her craft and skill due to age or infirmity;
 He / she should have created a significant body of work and has
contributed to the development of the tradition and craft
 He / she should have played a role in the preservation and
revitalization of the artistic tradition in the community.
 He/ she has been recognized as a master of his / her craft and
admired for his character and integrity in his / her community.
Bilog is a Hanunoo Mangyan poet from Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro.

Regarded as a master of the Ambahan poetry, Ginaw Bilog’s works reflect
an understanding of the Mangyan Soul. Ambahan is a seven-syllable line
poem that uses metaphors and images to express messages ranging from
a) asking for a place to stay, b) courtship, c) giving advice to the young,
d) saying goodbye to a dear friend, and many more. Although this poetic
Ginaw Bilog literary form is common among indigenous cultural groups, it still exists today
Died: June 3, 2003
primarily because it is engraved on bamboo tubes using ancient Southeast
Year Awarded: 1993 Asian, pre-colonial script called surat Mangyan. Ginaw Bilog believed that
the Ambahan is key to understanding the Mangyans and during his time, he has continuously
recorded ambahan poetry, not only on bamboo tubes but on old, dog-eared notebooks
passed on to him by family members and friends. Among his treasured collection are those he
inherited from his father and grandfather. He has shared old and new Ambahans with his fellow

Mangyans, and promoted this poetic form in every occasion. This being said, the ambahan
poetry and other traditional art forms from the indigenous peoples of Oriental Mindoro will
continue to live.
Masino Intaray was awarded as Manlilikha ng Bayan for
Traditional Performing Arts and Oral Literature. He was regarded as an
outstanding master of the basal (gong), kulial (lyrical poem) and bagit
(vocal music). He was also a skilled and proficient player of aroding
(mouth harp), and babarak (ring flute) and most of all, an exceptional
epic chanter and storyteller from Brookes Point in Palawan. With his
creative memory and passion, not to mention his endurance, intellect and
Masino Intaray
spiritual purpose, he can chant countless tultul (epics), sudsungit Born: April 10, 1943
(narratives) and tuturan (myths of origin and teachings of ancestors) all Died: November 30, 2013
Year Awarded: 1993
night, for successive nights.
A Mamasapano from Maguindanao, Samaon Sulaiman was a
musician and is regarded as the Master of Kutyapi, a two-stringed
plucked lute that is difficult to master among the Filipino traditional
instruments. Sulaiman achieved the highest level of excellence in the art of
kutyapi playing as his extensive repertoire of dinaladay, linapu, minuna,
binalig and other forms and styles have fully demonstrated the creativity,
refinement, and sensitivity of his instrument. Sulaiman is also skilled in
Samaon Sulaiman kulintang, agong (suspended bossed gong with wide rim), gandingan
Born: March 3, 1953
Died: May 21, 2011 (bossed gong with narrow rim), palendag (lip-valley flute), and tambul. In
Year Awarded: 1993 addition, he was also a dedicated teacher of his instrument in Libutan
and other barangays of Maganoy town in Mindanao. His artistry and dedication to his chosen
instrument, and for his unwavering commitment to the music of the kutyapi when this instrument no
longer exists in many parts of Mindanao, Sulaiman did deserve the highest honors.
Recognized as a T'boli artist from Lake Sebu in South Cotabato,
Lang Dulay first learned to weave when she was 12. She was considered
as a traditional weaver of textile called " t'nalak" or "tinalak" cloth. Her art is
considered first-rate because of the way she used abaca fibers in her
works. Her woven cloth was described as fine as hair considering the
tedious process of this traditional art. From stripping the stem of the
abaca plant to get the fibers, to coaxing even finer fibers for the textile,
then drying the threads and tying each strand by hand, and setting the Lang Dulay
strands on the bed-tying frame made of bamboo, Lang Dulay has indeed Died: April 30, 2015
demonstrated a fine and delicate work of art with hundreds of designs Year Awarded: 1998
ranging from bulinglangit (clouds), bankiring (hair bans( and the kabangi (butterfly) – each one
especially made for the stories it tells. Lang Dulay’s technique of not washing the tnalak with
soap so as to maintain the pureness of the abaca contributed to the beauty of her work.

Through the years, she dreamt of passing down her talent and skills to the young folks of her
community and to date, four of her grandchildren are learning to weave.
Salinta Monon was a Tagabawa-Bagobo textile weaver from
Bansalan, Davao del Sur. She practically grew up watching her mother
weave traditional Bagobo textiles. At 12, she volunteered to learn how
to weave and with her enthusiasm, she was able to learn very quick. As
experienced as she was, she can very well identify both the design and
the artist of a woven piece just by a simple glimpse. Her concentration in
her art enabled her to produce intricate works of art. This eventually
Salinta Monon
created a high demand for her quality fabrics, which she usually finished in
Died: June 4, 2009 three to four months. Through her art, she was able to show the creative
Year Awarded: 1998
and expressive aspects of the Bagobo abaca ikat weaving called
inabal especially during the time when it was about to be extinct.
Cited as Kalinga Master of Dance and the Performing Arts, Alonzo
Saclag made it his mission to create and nurture a greater consciousness
and appreciation of the Kalinga culture. With no formal education on
performing arts, Saclag still mastered the Kalinga musical instruments,
including the dance patterns and movements related to his people’s
rituals. His ardent desire to nurture and uphold the Kalinga culture pushed
him to a) ask the provincial government to turn the abandoned Capitol
Building into a museum for the preservation of their artifacts and
Alonzo Saclag
archaeological sites; b) he also puts up skills and other creative Born: August 14, 1942
presentations in various schools to celebrate indigenous values; c) he Year Awarded: 2000
lobbied to broadcast the traditional Kalinga music together with contemporary music in the
local radio station; d) he founded the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe so that he could teach
young men and women about the music and dance of their ancestors; e) he bought a piece of
land in the hope of building a Kalinga village that will house the art and the artifacts of his
people.
A Sulod-Bukidnon epic chanter from Central Panay, Caballero
works constantly for the documentation of the oral literature of his people,
particularly the epics. Said 10 epics are rendered in a language that is
no longer spoken, but Caballero worked really hard to learn these
encyclopedic folklores and other forms of oral literature in order to
preserve their culture. In fact, his fascination for his people’s folklore
enabled him to learn to chant the epics himself. He also collaborated with
researchers to document the Humadapnon and Labaw Dunggon epics,
Federico Caballero
Born: December 25, 1938 which showed his perseverance and pride for their Panay-Bukidnon
Year Awarded: 2000
heritage. Caballero also took upon himself the difficult task of traveling
from one barangay to another, working with the Bureau of Nonformal Education, to appeal to

the older folks to document their indigenous beliefs, traditions, and literature even though many
find little use in it. Regarded as a bantugan, he endeavors to give justice to his community by
being a manunghusay, an arbiter of conflicts.
A Yakan of Lamitan, Basilan, Uwang Ahadas belongs to the group
of people who believe that instrumental music plays an important role in
the agricultural cycle and the social realm. Music became his constant
companion when he discovered his near-blindness. While not all Yakan
children had the privilege to play different Yakan instruments because
they are very expensive to maintain and there are antique dealers and
collectors who try to procure such artifacts, Uwang Ahadas has
embraced the demands and discipline needed by his art. Coming from a
Uwang Ahadas
Born: February 15, 1945 family with a strong tradition in music, he first learned his art by observing
Year Awarded: 2000 older and more knowledgeable players in their community. From playing
the gabbang (a bamboo xylophone), he gradually learned to play the agung, the kwintangan
kayu, and later on the other instruments, and by the age of 20, he had mastered the most
important Yakan musical instruments – the kwintangan. Like the other Manlilikha ng Bayan,
Uwang has an ardent desire to pass on his knowledge to others that is why he travels beyond
the borders of his community to educate children about how to play the Yakan instruments.
With dimmed eyesight and later on difficulty to walk, he still pursued teaching and performing
during the many rituals and festivals of the community.
Darhata Sawabi is a weaver of pis syabit, the traditional cloth
tapestry worn as a head covering by the Tausug of Jolo, from Barangay
Parang, in the island of Jolo, Sulu. Their family relied on subsistence farming
but this does not bring enough income to support the family. Because
Sawabi was raised to do only household chores, her only possible source
of income was weaving. Her remarkable proficiency and intricacy in her
designs allowed her to price her creations a little higher than others – she
earns about P2000 for a 39-inch hand-woven square, which takes her
three months to weave. Aside from Tausug headpieces, her designs on
Darhata Sawabi
native attire, bags, and other accessories were also extraordinary. Her Died: March 12, 2005
own community of weavers recognizes her expertise in the craft, her Year Awarded: 2004
dedication to elaborate weaving, and her devotion to authentic and traditional designs.
Despite the need to relocate to another place due to the ongoing armed conflict in Jolo, she
felt the need to stay in the community and continue her mission to teach the art of pis syabit
weaving to young women of Parang. In truth, some of her students are already teachers
themselves and this alone is proof that she was able to teach others how to make a living from
woven fabrics.
A local of Apalit, Pampanga, Eduardo Mutuc devoted his life to creating religious and
secular art using bronze, silver, and wood. One can see his exemplary fine and delicate

artworks, ranging from very small to absolutely large in size, in the detailed
retablos, mirrors, altars and carosas found in churches and private
collections. He realized his talents in sculpture and metal work when he
was 29 as a novice to carvers of household furniture in Pampanga. With
no prior knowledge about carving, he braved learning the profession to
sustain his family then. When a fellow worker taught him the art of silver
Eduardo Mutuc
plating on his fifth or sixth year as a furniture maker, he left the furniture shop
Born: October 12, 1949 to build a career on his own as a metalsmith. While his metalwork is
Year Awarded: 2004
dangerous as it requires dipping the solid metal sheet in molten silver after
chiseling out the details on a block of wood and then covering the wood with metal sheet, he
still managed to deliver spectacular and very detailed handmade pieces – imagine the
character that he puts in his artwork, and the facial expressions of the cherubins and other
religious figures, as if they are looking out at the worshippers with real human expressions that
seemed to give them the assurance that their prayers are sent up above. Mutuc believed that
craftsmanship begins by respecting one’s tools and medium, which is why the first thing that he
teaches his students is the proper handling of the chisel and the hammer. This way, errors
caused by exhaustion may be prevented.
Another Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan recipient is from Ungos
Matata, Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi. Haja Amina Appi was recognized as the
master mat weaver among the Sama indigenous community. The interplay
of her precision, proportion and symmetry in her complex geometric
designs, and sensitivity to color made her artistic creations (which take her
up to three months to make) more unique. While the whole process of the
art of mat weaving in the Sama culture is long and tedious, and is
exclusive to women, and despite the lack of mathematical formula Haja Amina Appi
Born: June 25, 1925
needed for the geometric patterns, Haja Amina Appi still demonstrated an Died: April 2, 2013
eye for detail and a faultless color instinct to execute her masterpiece. Year Awarded: 2004
Characterized as a patient and gentle teacher, her passion for perfection in mat weaving has
been handed down to her female children and grandchildren.
Teofilo Garcia is a hat weaver from San Quintin, Abra. He is known
for tabungaw, a functional and elegant headpiece that resists the
weather due to its finely woven rattan matting and subtle bamboo weave
for accent. Said all-weather headgear can last up to three to four
generations if taken cared of properly. The ones that Teofilo Garcia
made are so sturdy that farmers need to own only one tabungaw. Using
Teofilo Garcia only simple hand tools that he designed himself, Garcia is involved in each
Born: March 27, 1941
Year Awarded: 2012 stage of production - from planting and harvesting the upo (which he
transforms into tabungaw) to refining the uway (rattan) that make up the
lining of the hat, weaving the puser (bamboo) that serves as the accent, and finishing the work.

In fact, it takes him at least seven days to finish one. Sometimes he wants to give-up because it
is very difficult to source the materials and he has no one to help him, that he had to turn down
large orders. But because he fears that the art will end with him, he chooses to work harder
and even plans on increasing his farm area to plant more gourds as his raw material for his craft.
With the help of agricultural fairs organized by the local government, he is able to showcase his
work every year and has not stopped innovating since then. His careful attention to details and
state-of-the-art patterns built on traditional designs make his tabungaws among the best there
are. At present, he teaches this Filipino craft to his children who are now grown-ups and is
looking forward to exporting his products in the future.
Magdalena Gamayo is a Filipino master weaver who makes
“abel”, an Ilokano handwoven cloth. She used to spin her own cotton and
brush it with beeswax to make it stronger but after the World War II, she
now relies on market-bought threads. Although obtaining quality cotton
threads for her abel is very challenging, as thread factories in the North
does not spin rolls of cotton into spools of thread, Magdalena maintains
a meticulous eye on choosing quality thread that can withstand several
passes through the loom for weaving. With natural instincts, infallible Magdalena Gamayo
eyesight, experienced hands and inherent skills, Magdalena has Year Awarded: 2012
demonstrated perfection in her works. Even at 88 years old, she personally
takes care of arranging the threads on the loom, which is the most difficult task of all because a
slight miscalculation can result to misalignment in the design. Magdalena learned to design, on
her own, the challenging traditional patterns of binakol, inuritan (geometric design), kusikos
(spiral forms) and sinan-sabong (flowers). She is even skilled in recreating designs that she only
sees around, even without having a sample of how it is done. Her work is the finest among most
abel – her blankets are described to consist a very high thread count with complex and precise
patterns – definitely a proof that products of the human art can never compare with machine-
made products.
Apuh Ambalang, as she is called in her community, is regarded as
unrivalled in all of Lamitan City. Weaving is extremely an important craft in
the Yakan community and Ambalang was fortunate to have learned from
her mother, who was also regarded as the best weaver of her time. She
has mastered all designs in all textile categories known to the Yakan, and
can execute various techniques of the entire weaving process while
placing cultural significance in each design through the animal and plant
motifs that are realistically represented in the textiles. The Yakan value
Ambalang Ausalin
Born: March 4, 1943 nature as the mother of art and their weaving, hence the designs record
Year Awarded: 2016
pure beauty of nature, which reflect Yakan customs, power, social status
and self-expression. Ambalang started training her daughter, Vilma, in the hope of passing on
the cultural treasure of the Yakan to the new generation.

Estelita Bantilan is a mat weaver from Malapatan, Sarangani. She is
an avatar of artistic heritage in her community, who started her craft at a
young age, weaving intricate mats using a variety of pandan called
romblon. Her dedication to B’laan weaving tradition is extraordinary that
she even gave-up her domestic and farming responsibilities in order to
finish some of the biggest, most delicate beautiful mats in Southeast Asia
today. Her aesthetically sophisticated mats are embodiments of her genius Estelita Bantilan
weaving techniques recognized in her community and in the country. Born: October 17, 1940
Year Awarded: 2016
Yabing Masalon Dulo, also known as Fu Yabing from South

Cotabato, was an Ikat weaver and a master dyer recognized for
preserving the B’laan tradition of weaving and dyeing. “Fu” is an honorific
title given to a Blaan elder. She began weaving at the age of 14 and
at the time of her death, she was one of the only two surviving master
designers of the mabal tabih art of the indigenous Blaan people of
southern Mindanao. She used wild abaca in her ikat-dyed fabrics and
Yabing Masalon Dulo with her eye-catching and colorful textiles, she was recognized as an
Died: January 26, 2021
expert in making fine warp ikat textiles. Like any other recognized
Year Awarded: 2016 traditional artists, Fu Yabing taught the craft to her only daughter Lamina
Dulo Gulili and the women in her community.
We have known many artists in the country that are recognized for their talents and skills,
and yet there is very little knowledge about these traditional artists that dedicated their lives to
preserving their cultural heritage, that we also know very little about. Their artworks exemplify real
Filipino technical and creative skills, that are of fine artistic quality that symbolizes their
respective folk art traditions. They do not just perform, or produce functional art – instead, they
have shown a strong character to uphold their traditional art, and unfaltering integrity that
enabled them to earn the respect and admiration of their people.
Over and beyond the recognitions given to Filipino artists who have significantly
contributed to Philippine Culture and Arts, the Office of the President of the Republic of the
Philippines through the National Commission for Culture and the Arts grants a state recognition
to a natural-born Filipino artist or group who has won top awards in international events. This
award is known as the Ani ng Dangal or "Harvest of Honors", which has become an annual
event in the Philippines in celebration of the Philippine Arts Festival. This award may be in the
form of: the following:

1. The Palanca Awards aims to develop Philippine Literature by a) providing incentives
for writers to craft their most outstanding literary works; b) being a treasury of the
Philippine’s literary gems from our gifted writers; and c) to assist in their eventual
dissemination to our people, particularly students.
2. The Philippine National Book Awards, or simply the National Book Awards, is
a Philippine literary award sponsored by the NBDB (National Book Development
Board) and the MCC (Manila Critics' Circle). Since 1982, this was always given by the
Manila Critics’ Circle but in 2008, it was the NBDB that administers the yearly award.
3. The Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas is an award given by the Unyon ng
mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL). Established in 1974, UMPIL is the Writers' Union
of the Philippines that aims to a) promote Philippine literature, b) unite writers in the
Philippines, and c) provide seminars, workshops, and symposia.
4. The Pedro Bucaneg Award is the highest recognition given by the Gunglo Dagiti
Mannurat nga Ilokano iti Filipinas (GUMIL Filipinas) to Ilocano male writers who have
significantly contributed to the development of the Iloko literary.
What other artist awards are existing in the Philippines or in its regions? Are there other arts
forms and artists that are still unrecognized? Can you identify them?

 GAMABA Awards was institutionalized through Republic Act No. 7355, and is
awarded to artists who have preserved some of the country’s most important
indigenous traditions.
 The GAMABA Awardees are the following:
 Ginaw Bilog – Poet
 Masino Intaray – Musician and Storyteller
 Samaon Sulaiman – Musician
 Lang Dulay – Textile Weaver
 Salinta Monon – Textile Weaver
 Alonzo Saclag – Musician and Dancer
 Federico Caballero – Epic Chanter
 Uwang Ahadas – Musician
 Darhata Sawabi – Textile Weaver
 Eduardo Mutuc – Metalsmith
 Haja Amina Appi – Mat Weaver
 Teofilo Garcia – Casque Maker
 Magdalena Gamayo – Textile Weaver
 Ambalang Ausalin – Textile Weaver
 Estelita Bantilan – Mat Weaver
 Yabing Masalon Dulo – Ikaw Weaver
 Other recognized awards are as follows:

 The Palanca Awards
 The Philippine National Book Awards
 The Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas
 The Pedro Bucaneg Award

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 7.1
IDENTIFYING ARTISTS” ROLE. Complete the table below by filling-in the necessary information
to describe the role of the GAMABA Artists to their community and to the country.
GAMABA Artist ART FORM
Ginaw Bilog
Masino Intaray
Samaon Sulaiman
Lang Dulay
Salinta Monon
Alonzo Saclag
Federico
Caballero
Uwang Ahadas

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 7.1
(con’t.)
GAMABA Artist ART FORM
Darhata Sawabi
Eduardo Mutuc
Haja Amina Appi
Teofilo Garcia
Magdalena
Gamayo
Ambalang Ausalin
Estelita Bantilan
Yabing Masalon
Dulo

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 7.2
EXPLAINING ARTISTS’ WORKS. Below are examples of some of the indigenous artworks of
Filipiono Artists. Describe each artwork based on the elements of arts that you learned in the
past and explain how each artwork reflects the artist’s role in the society. Refer to the example
below.
Example:
1. Ginaw Bilog’s Ambahan:
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ACTIVITY 7.2
(con’t.)
2. Lang Dulay’s Woven Textile

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3. Eduardo Mutuc’s Metal Sculpture

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Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 7.3
POSTER MAKING ACTIVITY. If you are to help introduce our GAMABA Artists to those
who have not heard anything about them, how will you “sell” them? Choose one GAMABA Artist
and create a poster that would best introduce him/her and his/her artwork. In not more than
ten (10) sentences, write a short description of his/her role in the community.
DESCRIPTION:
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Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 7.4

Contemporary Art
Techniques and
Performance Practices
CONTENT STANDARD:
The learner shows understanding of the materials and techniques used in
contemporary art.
The learner discriminates among various materials and techniques.
The learner:
1. Researches on techniques and performanc epractices applied to
contemporary arts.
2. Identifies local materials used in creating art.
3. Critiques available materials and appropriate techniques.
4. Justifies the use of materials and the application of techniques.
145 Contemporary Art Techniques and Performance Practices

LESSON 8
Local Materials Used in
Contemporary Art
You have just learned in the previous lesson the significant contemporary artists of the
country that were recognized as either National Artists or National Living Treasures. In this
lesson, we will find out the different materials that the artists use in order to express and
communicate their feelings and ideas.
It is a given fact that the Philippines is very rich in natural resources. With the artistic and
inventive minds of the Filipinos, art creation has evolved over time and has involved the use of
natural resources. This is very evident when you visit places in the country that are famous
because of the extraordinary products that they produce. In turn, these products became
instrumental in drawing people to go to their place to witness or get hold of their artworks.
Traditional techniques used by Filipinos even in the past years are depicted in
painting, sculpture, dance, architecture, music and even textile. This just goes to prove that the
Philippine arts gives pride to the country and the Filipinos.
While contemporary artists used bottles, plastics straw, and other recyclable materials
in creating artworks, real artists see beauty even from the peelings of garlic and corn. This
lesson will showcase the local materials used in contemporary art.
GET STARTED
If you were to give a title to the artwork below, what would it be? Describe the medium
used in the artwork and write a short interpretation for it.
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TITLE OF THE ARTWORK

What other local materials can you use in creating an
Carry On
artwork?
What makes the creation of contemporary artworks more creative and a lot easier (and
perhaps, more convenient) are the unlimited kinds of medium that one can use. Other artists
are typically inspired by their environment and by the way they were raised in their community
while some are influenced by their culture and heritage. Regardless of their inspiration, these
artists use familiar materials and media that connects to them and to their country, resulting to
works of art that represent them and the country where they came from.
Artists of today continue to explore the many possibilites of using different materials to
express their thoughts and emotions. Let us explore some of the local materials available in the
Philippines and the products that were created out of it:
Abaca belongs to the family of bananas. Its fiber has a natural

luster with colors ranging from pure white to ivory and dark brown.
Famous products out of this local material include: slippers, ropes,
twine, hammock, frame, display jar and other jars, and the Chelsea
chair.
Bakbak is the outermost covering or the leaf sheath of the

abaca stalk, usually braided or twined to make a flat thick durable
sheath. The strong brown fiber is used to make furnitures, mats, boxes,
bins, display jars, arm chair, and the famous Cecilia dining table.
Bamboo is used as a raw material in creating many products. It

is typically used in construction, or textiles, and as musical instruments
or weapons. Famous products created from this local material are
Kubing, bungkaka, tongatong, angklung, pateteg, gabbang .
Buntal are cylindrically shaped fibers with supple ivory white

strands that are durable, pliable, and with good dyeing qualities.
Famous products created from buntal are: bags, shoes, desk
accessories like pen holder, picture frames, file trays, wallets, place
mats, braide, lampshades, window blinds.

Buri is extracted from matured leaves of the buri palm with fiber that
is durable and resistant to moisture. Famous products created from buri
are: hats, bags, baskets, memorabilia boxes, perfume tray, and other
woven products.
Coir is fibrous material surrounding the fruit of the coconut tree.

Indoor or outdoor fiber carpets, wall covering, doormat, trellises, and
geo-textiles are some of the products made out of the coconut coir fiber.
Nito is a plant belonging to the fern family that grows abundantly in

the hinterlands of Mindanao. Bags, bread tray, lampshade and decorative
jars are the commonly created products out of nito.
Pandan is a tropical plant that is processed and transformed into splints

that are being used as a raw material. Baskets, hats, picture frames and
bags are the known products made from this local material.
Raffia is a fiber extracted from unopened buri leaf in three (3)

stages, which is woven into fabrics or used as wall coverings, upholstery
material, folding doors and window hangings. Many products that are
being made from this local material include: hats, placemats, folder,
shoes, slippers, boxes, portfolio and ladies’ bags, placemats, circular
boxes, document boxes.
Rattan belongs to the palm family which can be high or low

climbers, single stemmed or clustered rattan species. One can see
baskets, picture frames, furniture and other novelty items, Zoya lounge
chair, Valencia queen size bed, Rest divan, wall coverings, upholstery
materials, folding doors and window hangings out of this local
material.
Tikiw is a large erect, and aquatic or marshy herb plant. Found in Central Luzon and

Mindanao, it abounds in fresh water swaps, and in newly opened rice land at low altitude.
Baskets, hampers with lids, bags, rugs, carpets, placemats, jars and other decorative items are
among the products that can be made out of Tikiw.
Untreated Tikiw after three months Mildeweide-treated Tikiw

after three months
Tikog belongs to sea grasses. It is a native reed plant used

as a raw material for mat weaving. Other products that result from
using this local material include: bags, decorative mats, hampers,
newspaper racks, table mat, waste bin, tower candle holder, wall
decors.
Other native folks such as the Ilongot make use of pearl, red
hornbill beak, plants and metals to make jewelries.
The Ifugaos, on the other
hand, made use of Narra to
create the Ifugao wooden chaircalled “Hagabi”, which
symbolizes the status of a person known as
“Kadanagyan, a person who belongs to the higher
status in their society.
Aside from Narra, the Ifugaos also used Ipil-ipil in their wooden
chair. Note that only the rich can afford to own such chair, giving a
ritual after the completion of each artwork. To date, Hagabi’s original
design called “Ginulding-Gulding”, which translates to a goat-like
head, have different shapes on one end known as “Ngiwi” that
represents the head of an animal with an elongated nose and two
big ears.
Did you know that a certain Elito Circa stood out in the early
modern times? He is popularly knon as “Amang Pintor” who gained
recognition by using his hair to make his paint brushes and reigns his
paining with his blood on the right corner.
Many Filipino paitners were influenced by Elito Circa and as
a result, they started using other materials like the extract from onion,
tomato, tuba, coffee, molassess and other materials that are readily Elito Circa
Photo taken from : shadesofnoir.org.uk

available anywhere to create a masterpiece.
Given the rich indigenous materials found in the different areas of the Philippines, more
and more artists will surely find new and innovative ways to express themselves. Not only will they
be able to represent their cultural heritage - they will definitely be able to surprise us with their
avant-garde artworks that are still rooted in Filipino culture.
 The Philippines is very rich in natural resources. These resources are, in

fact, used by contemporary artists to create contemporary artworks.
 Among the local materials used in contemporary art are:
 Abaca
 Bakbak
 Bamboo
 Blood
 Buntal
 Buri
 Coir
 Ipil-ipil
 Metals
 Narra
 Nito
 Pandan
 Pearl
 Raffia
 Rattan
 Red hornbill beak
 Tikiw
 Tikog

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 8.1
FILL-IN THE TABLE. Let’s identify the local materials used in the following artworks. Below are
examples of finished products made of local materials. On the second column, write down the
kind of local material used by the artist. On the last column, briefly explain why you think the
local material was appropriately (or not) used for the product.
FINISHED LOCAL MATERIAL CRITIQUE ON THE LOCAL

PRODUCT USED MATERIAL USED

ACTIVITY 8.1
(con’t.)
FINISHED LOCAL MATERIAL CRITIQUE ON THE LOCAL

PRODUCT USED MATERIAL USED

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 8.2
I’M AN ONION PAINTER. From a variety of themes that you can think of, create a
painting using onion as your medium. Then, explain your artwork in not more than five (5)
sentences.
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Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 8.3
SCULPTOR FOR A DAY. Find out the main product of the region/province where you
came from. Since all aspects of life have been affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic, you are to
advertise your region/province using a home-made sculpture made of either soap or clay.
Take a photo of your work and paste it on the space provided for. Explain in brief below your
artwork and its connection to your region.
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Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 8.4

LESSON 9
Traditional Techniques
Applied to Contemporary
Art Creations
Pretend that you are asked by your Art Teacher to create a slogan on Philippine
Aviation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. How will it look like? What materials are you going
to use for your art work? Creating a piece of art involves the use of various materials and
techniques. In this lesson, you will learn about the local materials that local artists use in making
their art works and certainly, after this lesson, you will be surprised about how creative these
creators are in transforming different materials into a piece of art.
GET STARTED
The photo below is a leaf art. If you are going to promote the technique used in this
artwork, how is it going to be? Describe your answer below.
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Do you know any art techniques used by local artists
Carry On
in the Philippines? Can you name some?
An artist uses techniques to employ his or her technical skills in a particular art or field of
endeavor. For instance, artists can create sculptures by carving woods, modeling and shaping
clay, casting a metal. An Art Technique is the manner in which the artist manipulates the
materials in order to 1) achieve the desired effect on his or her art piece; and 2) communicate
the desired concept or meaning of his or her artwork. Depending on the artist’s personal style,
the distinctive character or nature of the medium used determines the technique.
Techniques involve tools and technology ranging from traditional to the most
contemporary method. This lesson focuses on the traditional techniques used in creating
contemporary artworks.
The Philippines is known around the world for its
extraordinary local products that depict true Filipino artistry
and creativity. For one, Filipinos and foreigners alike, have a
keen appreciation of the country’s basketry - this, and many
other products have become instrumental in spreading news
about the various regions of the country. At times, people
Filipino Basketry are drawn to go and visit these places for their unique
Photo taken from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http s%3A%2F%2Fhand
products and/or the remarkable techniques used in their

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artwork. Over the years, these techniques are depicted in

the various forms of art found in the country - from painting, and sculpture, to architecture,
dance, music and even textile. Clearly, Filipinos, like any other people in the world, take pride
in the Philippine arts.
Wood Carving is the art of making functional or

ornamental objects by carving wood. Look at the photo on the
right. The artist is working on a religious figure, a common subject
used in wood carving in Paete, Laguna.
Metal Working involves the process of shaping and

Woodcarving in Paete, Laguna—the
reshaping metals to create useful objects, parts, assemblies and woodcarving capital of the Philippines
(Photo taken from ironwulf.net)
large scale sculptures. Trdaitionally, this is generally inlay in silver vinghdimages.blogspot.com)
and gold or black . Early Filipinos use brass to make bowls, trays,

ladders, weapons, and many more objects used in daily life.
Have you every heard of the traditional term, Okir? Okir

or okkil is an artistic cultural heritage of the Maranaos of
Southern Philippines, commonly seen among the indigenous
Muslim art. It is interesting to note that there are two types of
Okir design. The Okir-a-Dato refers to the ornamental design
for men. It is characterized by geometric and flowing designs
The Okir Motif (often involves spiral forms that are based on an elaborate
(Photo taken from: https://tugayaartefactsblog.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/
image1.jpg?w=610&zoom=2
leaf and vine pattern). On the other hand, Okir-a-Bay

involves zigzag and angular forms common in women’s geometric art. This is popular among
the Malongs that we see even today. Patronized a long time ago, and until the present, this
design is seen among the Filipino art of woodcarving, metalworking, and even weaving.
Painting and Pottery are two traditional techniques that

Filipinos combine together to produce acclaimed and beautifully
designed earthenware pots such as cooking vessels and storate
containers. Philippine pottery has been part of the Filipino art
tradition found in Sanga-Sanga, Sulu and Laurente Cave in
Cagayan. In the olden times, early Filipinos used clay that are
mixed with water to design potteries specifically for rituals Geometric-designed Pottery
purposes. For one, the pots in Masbate were found to have incised designs. Among the finest
of early Philippine pottery are footed dishes decorated with geometric cut-outs, molding,
cording or finger impressions that were made in Batangas.
At present, the traditional technique of pottery is still being used by the locals of certain
regions. The Burnay Unglazed Clay of Vigan is among the pottery traditions being maintained,
alongside those of Leyte and Bohol.
Apart from decorating pots with paint, another evidence of
using painting as one of the most common traditional techniques of
creating contemporary art piece is the tattoo tradition of the early
Filipnos who are known as the Pintados or the “Painted People of
Visayas.” One can also see the elaborate painting techniques that
are manifested among the arts and architecture of the Maranao
known as the Naga Dragons and the most well-known of the old
designs, the Sarimanok. (a legendary bird of the Maranao tribe that
has become a symbol of Maranao art). This figure represents a fowl
The Maranao’s Sarimanok
wings, feathered tail and a head decorated with ornaments of
scrolled and painted motif of leaves, spirals and feather-like forms. While it usually stands on a
fish, another fish can also be seen hanging from the Sarimanok’s beak.

Kut-kut Art is a technique that combines the
processes of Oriental and European art. Not many
people know the existence of this traditional technique,
but this is commonly practiced by the indigenous
people of Samar. Kut-kut is an exotic Philippine art
form based on early century techniques namely
Kut-Kut Art — the lost art of the Philippines
sgraffito, encaustic and layering. Basically, this ancient
Photo taken from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Flibslabyrinth.blogs
pot.com%2F2007%2F04%2Fkut-kut-lost-art-of-philippines.html&psig=AOvVaw2d_I69xBuyhM
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style produces a unique artwork that involves the use of
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delicate swirling interwoven lines, multi-layered texture and an illusiono of three-dimensional

space.
Binakol of the Itneg people refers to the intricate
woven fabrics that feature designs that incorporate the
optical illusions of the Gadang people with usually bright red
tones. Patterns consist entirely of woven straight lines that
create illusions of curves and volumes. Today, this kind of
weaving industry is diminishing because of the non-
availability of local cotton, which makes the industry unable Binakol woven fabric
Photo taken from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wa
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to compete with the prices of factory-woven alternatives. ig=AOvVaw3oyGgJWr6_t-kYAfJ9Isme&ust=1628028442165000&source=images

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Sanikulas Cookie Mold Carvings is common among Pampanguenos.

These Sanikulas Cookies are arrow root cookies that have the image of St.
Nicholas “The Healer” molded on it. Made
of hardwood in different shapes and sizes,
these molds are a remarkable and rare
Sanikulas Cookies
Photo taken from: yummy.ph
piece of folk art.
Pabalot or Pastillas Wrapper Sanikulas Cookies Mold Carvings

Photo taken from: positivelyfilipino.com
Cutting Art is a famous artwork in Bulacan.

This wrapper was made out of the delicate Japanese paper. Given its
fragility, only those with skilled hands and capable of motor control can
produce such artwork.
Taka is a papier-mâché artwork that originated in Paete, Laguna. It was first created by
Maria Bangue in the 1920’s using carved wooden sculpture as a mold, which was covered
with strips of paper with the help of sticky paste and would later on paint them to present as
children’s toys.

Pagbuburda, which originated in Taal, Lumban, Laguna, is the art of embroidering
designs by hand.
Singkaban is a Filipino term for decorated bamboo arch. Also

known as Bamboo Art, this is the art of shaving bamboo, layer by layer,
to create curls and delicate twirls to make artful creations for bamboo
arches used as a welcome signage of a town, city or village or even
a home.
Puni or palm leaf folding began in Bulacan and was intended to create artful toys for
kids. However, leaf puni is also used to create woven baskets, bags, and even pans. The most
common example of Puni is the “Palaspas” that Catholics use during Palm Sunday.
Aside from the above-mentioned traditional techniques, there are also practices that
seemed contemporary to your generation but have been in existence and traditionally used in
the olden days. Among these are as follows:
Silkscreen Printing, as the name implies, originally used
silk in the process. Also called serigraph, this method is the
oldest form of printmaking. It is a stenciling method that
involves printing ink through stencils that are supported by a
porous fabric mesh stretched across a frame called a screen.
Ideally, this method is suited for bold and graphic designs.
Silkscreen Printing can be traced as far back as 9000 Silkscreen Printing (Photo taken from
www.biddlesawyersilks.com)
BC, when stencils were used to decorate Egyptian tombs
and Greek mosaics. From 221-618 AD, stencils were used in China for production of images of
Buddha. Japanese artists turned screen printing into a complex art by developing an intricate
process wherein a piece of silk was stretched across a frame to serve as the carrier of hand cut
stencils.

Silkscreen printing found its way to the west in the 15th century. In the United States,
screen printing took on the status of art in the 1930s when a group of artists working with
the Federal Art Project experimented with the technique and subsequently formed the
National Serigraphic Society. American artists began making "fine art" screen- prints and
devised the term "Serigraph" to distinguish fine art from commercial screen printing. During the
1960s, Serigraphy was popular with POP artists, who were attracted to its bold areas of flat
color.
HOW DOES SILKSCREEN PRINTING WORK?

Different materials are used in silkscreen printing. To
begin with, the printing frame is created . This is the stage
where the design is printed onto a sheet that will allow the
ink to be transferred. The frame is placed on the shirt and
with use of a scraper, the colors are screened — one layer
for each color, up to a maximum of four (4) colors). When
the layer with the frame ink has been applied, it is left to dry
so as to use for another application in the
future. With technological changes, silkscreen printing has
become easier nowadays, as ink and machinery allow the
artist to produce prints with delicate and refined quality.
This makes more and more people and organizations Photo taken from: http://3.
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prefer silkscreen printing when creating T-shirt designs and img_screenprinting.png
other objects with their logo.

Analogue Photography also known as Film
Photography refers to photography using an analogue
camera or film. A roll of film is loaded into the camera and
the magic begins once you start clicking: the light
interacts with the chemicals in the film and an image is
recorded. The pictures collected in your film roll come to
life when the film is processed in a photo laboratory.
Cameras used for Analogue Photography
(Photo taken from https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.d
Filmmaking or Film Production is the process of
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creating a film, or an audiovisual work of art that captures

the motion of characters, environments, and camera movements in concert with sound — it can
be a sound from the narrative, such as dialogue and environmental sources or a soundtrack
music or narration). A filmmaker's job is to collect those images and sounds using cameras and
sound recording devices. In basic terms, the filmmaker creates scenes, captures scenes,
then edits the scenes together into a narrative structure. They almost always collect
these pieces out of order. Each scene is planned before shooting, down to the camera
angles required to construct it. Those individual shots come together to form a scene,

scenes stitch together to make a sequence, and individual
sequences create the entire narrative. Typically, dozens of
people make a film: creatives, production staff,
postproduction dept. Understanding the different roles is key
to understanding filmmaking.
STAGES OF FILM PRODUCTION: Medium used in Film Production

(Photo taken from https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.john
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The start of a project varies, but generally will begin

with development of a script, be that an existing script, a book, a brief story outline.
Development may also start with a Director and/or Writer pitching an idea to a Producer.
2. Pre-Production
This is the phase where you would narrow down the options of the production. It is where
all the planning takes place before the camera rolls and sets the overall vision of the project.
Pre-production also includes working out the shoot location and casting. The Producer will now
hire a Line Manager or Production Manager to create the schedule and budget for the film.
3. Production
During this phase it is key to keep planning ahead of the daily shoot. The primary aim is
to stick to the budget and schedule, this requires constant vigilance. Communication is key
between location, set, office, production company, distributors – in short, all parties involved.
4. Principal Photography
This is when the camera rolls. It is nearly always the most expensive phase of film
production, due to actor, director, and set crew salaries, as well as the costs of certain shots,
props, and on-set special effects. Everything that has happened up to this point is to make
principal photography go as smoothly and efficiently as possible. Communication between all
parties is crucial during the shoot and the production must maintain a full set of records and
strive to remain on time and on budget.
5. Wrap
The period immediately after shooting ends. It is when we strike (dismantle) the set and
clear the location. Everything must be returned in good order to suppliers and there must be a
full set of records of the shoot.
6. Post-Production
This stage starts when principal photography ends, but they may overlap. The bulk of
post-production consists of reviewing the footage and assembling the movie – editing. There

will be contributions as required from Visual Effects (VFX), Music and Sound Design. The picture
will now be locked and delivery elements will be created.
7. Distribution
Once the film is completed, it must be distributed. This is how producers make their money
back and a considerable amount of time and energy will be invested to secure the right
distribution deals for their projects. The film will go into the cinema and/or be distributed via
various platforms such as Amazon Prime, Netflix, and HBO etc.
OTHER CONTEMPORARY TECHNIQUES

Let us not forget the other contemporary techniques employed by contemporary artists
in creating an art of today. Some of these are the following:
 Digital Photography is the process of using electronic and computing appliances to
capture, create, edit and share digital images/photographs. It encompasses several
different technologies to provide electronic or computer-based photography services. It
involves the use of cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to produce
images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film. The captured
images are digitized and stored as a computer file ready for further digital processing,
viewing, electronic publishing, or digital printing.
 Digital Film Making is usually used in modern films, and involves the use of digital cameras, or
more extensive digital aspects such as characters and environments created completely
within a computer. The idea is to capture or record a motion picture using digital image
sensors rather than through film stock.
 Music Production refers to the process by which music is created, captured, manipulated
and preserved so that it can be distributed and enjoyed. It involves managing and
overseeing the recording and production of a track, beginning from writing the first lyrics and
melodies to mastering the finished track with the help of sound engineers.
 Industrial Design is the combination of art and engineering. It is the process of applying
design to products that are to be manufactured by mass production. It is also the creative
act of determining and defining a product's form and features, which takes place in
advance before the making of a product, usually in industries like automobile, medical, or
technology.
 Robotics is the integration of computer science and engineering that involves designing,
constructing, operating and using machines called robots that can help and assist humans
in their daily activities.

 The artistic skills of Filipinos are not only limited to creating artworks that are made
from contemporary materials or techniques. The Philippine contemporary artwork are
more precious because of the way the artists’ incorporate the traditional techniques
into their creations.
 The traditional techniques applied to contemporary art creations are as follows:
 Wood Carving
 Metal Working
 Painting and Pottery
 Okir
 Kut-Kut Art
 Binakol
 Sanikulas Cookie Mold Carvings
 Pabalot
 Taka
 Pagbuburda
 Singkaban
 Puni or palm leaf folding
 Silkscreen Printing
 Analogue Photography
 Filmmaking or Film Production
 Other Contemporary Techniques are:

 Digital Photography
 Digital Film Making
 Music Production

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 9.1
FILL-IN THE TABLE. Look for a photo of a product that made use of each technique indicated
in the table below. Paste it on the first column and then on the third column, justify why the artist
applied such technique in the artwork.
FINISHED TRADITIONAL CRITIQUE ON THE
PRODUCT TECHNIQUE USED TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE
Puni or
Palm Leaf Folding
Binakol
Pabalot
Taka
Singkaban

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 9.2
BE A TRADITIONAL ARTIST. Create your own newspaper weaving to come-up with an object
that can be useful during online classes. Write a short paragraph below describing the
elements of visual arts that you used and explain why you created such an artwork.
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TITLE OF YOUR ARTWORK
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Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 9.3
Create a 1-minute commercial using Flipgrd App (or any other similar App) to advertise the
product below, which was made from Binakol. Send your output to your teacher via email. Use
the rubric below as your reference.
CRITERIA
CREATIVITY
AND
PRESENTATION
PERSUASIVE
TECHNIQUES
USED
VISUAL AIDS
(PROPS)
ENUNCIATION/
DICTION
USE OF TIME
(1 MINUTE)

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 9.4

LESSON 10
Art Criticism
Art Critique is a systematic study and assessment of a piece of art. Yes, we are not
professional artists, but it is expected that at the end of this course, you are all capable of
coming up with your own evaluation of an artwork. Remember, no two people can have the
same reaction to a work of art. Similarly, no two people can view a work of art in the same
way—there may be a few similarities, but most definitely, different people can have a different
reaction to a work of art.
In this lesson, you will learn how to produce a critical and detailed critique for a specific
masterpiece.
GET STARTED
Let us use this contemporary work of art that made use of Appropriation. Pretend that
you are an Art Critic. What will you write about this piece of art?
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In your own understanding, how do you define
Carry On
Art Criticism?
Art Criticism is analyzing and evaluating works of art. As Art Critics, we do not simply look
at an art work as something that we like or dislike. We view it as professionals, in a business-like
way. We try to ask questions like: “Does the artwork represent a particular era, movement or
style? “ We simply put ourselves in the shoes of a detective in trying to find out what makes art
‘art’?
In this lesson, you willl learn about the steps that Art Critics follow in the process of
evaluating an art work. You may want to choose a painting or artistic photograph to work with
as you go through each step.
Art Criticism involves four basic steps:
1. Look at the Obvious
2. Analyze the Artwork
3. Decide on an Interpretation
4. Make a Judgment Call
Let us discuss each step in greater detail.
STEP 1: LOOK AT THE OBVIOUS

When you present yourself to others, you are mostly liketly to provide them with a general
information about yourself such as your name, the school where you come from, your favorites,
etc. When evaluating an art piece, you will also be looking at the same type of information
about the artist and the artwork. Oftentimes, this important detail is the label indicated on the
art work as displayed in a museum or a gallery. Knowing the history of an art piece will make a
major difference in the way you view and understand it. Start your criticism by providing the
following information:
 What is the title of the work?
 What is the artist’s name?
 When was the artwork created?
 Where was it made?
 What are the types of medium used to create the work (i.e. paint, oil, etc.)
 What is the exact size of the artwork?
Once you have all these information, start describing the art work for evaluation using the
following guidelines:

1. Describe what you see.
Using fair words, describe the artwork. You may sagy, “This is a small-scale portrait
painting of a young woman, seen from the middle torso up against a dark background. She
clasps her hands in front of her chest and looks up slightly to the right of the audience. She
wears a pink dress and a long veil that falls behind her head.” Avoid using words like, “beautiful,
ugly, good, or evil.
2. Discuss the work’s elements.

Describe the work in detail. Talk about how art uses the basic elements in art and design
namely line, color, space, light and form.
Talk about how line was used. What mood or effect is being portrayed by the lines? The
rough, sketch lines build a sense of movement and independence, while lines that are smooth,
firm are more still and carefully designed.
Describe how color was used. Note the characteristics of color and the emotions being
portrayed by the color used. Look at the overall color scheme and think about how colors fit
together. Do the colors clash, or are they harmonious? Does the work use a variety of colors, or
is it monochromatic?
Speak about the use of space. Concentrate on issues like depth and perspective,
overlapping objects, and the use of empty space versus the space filled with details. Did the
use of space produce a three-dimensional impression?
Describe the use of light. Is it warm or cold, bright or dark, natural or artificial? Take some
time to think about the role of light and the shadow used in the work. Was there an illusion of
light? How does real light interacts with the work?
Take note of the way shape was used. Were the shapes linear, straight, or perfect
curves? Is the work dominated by a single form or shape or do you see several different
shapes?
STEP 2: ANALYZE THE ARTWORK

Discuss how the artwork uses the principles of composition. Describe the artwork in terms
of its subject matter, color or style. Explain how these concepts come together. How was the
work made up?
 In terms of balance, how do the colors, shapes, and textures fit together in the art work?
Does it present a balanced or harmonious effect or is the art piece a little unbalanced?
 In terms of contrast, check if the artist used contrasting colors, shapes, textures, or lighting?
 In terms of movement, analyze if the work generates a sense of movement. Is your eye
drawn in a specific way through the artwork?
 In terms of proportion, describe if the elements appear as you might expect, or are they
surprising? Are all the figures proportion in real-life or are they biger or smaller?

In analyzing the artwork, you also need to identify the subject. Some artworks have one
or more points designed to attract the viewer’s attention and draw his/her gaze. For Portraits,
you may focus on describing the subject’s face or eyes.
It also helps if you search for patterns and main themes in the artwork like the use of color
scheme to give the artwork a particular mood or meaning, symbolism and religious or
mythological imagery, or repeating images or motifs.
STEP 3: DECIDE ON AN INTERPRETATION

Now that you have examined the artwork, it is about time to determine what the piece of
art really means. Try to identify the purpose of the work. What do you think the artist was trying
to say with his/her artwork? Why did he/she create the work? Try to summarize the overall
meaning of the artwork, as you see it.
Interpreting the work also include talking about how you feel when you are looking at the
artwork. What do you think is the overall mood of the job? Does that remind you of something
like ideas, memories, or other works of art?) It helps if you use descriptive language to speak
about your reaction to the artwork. Was the mood being portrayed sad, hopeful, or peaceful?
STEP 4: MAKE A JUDGMENT CALL

Lastly, an art critic needs to make a judgment call. What did you think of the artwork? Did
it convey the message that the artist wanted to say? Did the artist make effective use of their
knowledge and techniques? Is it original or just an imitation of other works?
Of coruse, judging an artwork involves explaining how you judge it. You may say that
your judgment’s focus is on how well-structured it is, how well-done it is technologically, or how
well it expresses the intended mood or themes.
Then, summarize why you think the artwork has been successful or ineffective. When you
do, offer clear reasons for your judgement using your udnerstanding and analysis of the artwork.
For example, you may say, “I believe this artwork is successful in portraying the mood of the
subject because of the light, shape, gesture, and line that were put together harmoniously.
Are you now ready to critique? What do you think is the significance of art criticism? Is this
really helpful?
 Basically, an arti critique allows the artist to understand how they influence their
audience. It also allows the audience/viewer to gain a better understanding of the
artists’ work.
 Art Criticism involves four steps: Describe, Analyze, Interpret, and Judge.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 10.1
SUMMARIZATION. Fill-in the table about the different principles and steps in critiquing an
artwork. Write your answers in your own words, based on your understanding of the lesson.
PRINCIPLE STEPS

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 10.2
Look at the photo below. Write a Blog critiquing each aspect of Juan Luna’s Spoliarium. Make
sure to describe it in your own words using the four (4) steps of Art Criticism: Description, Analysis,
Interpretation, Judgment.
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ACTIVITY 10.2
(con’t.)
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Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 10.3
Choose one (1) OPM Song and apply the steps of Art Criticism to critique your chosen artwork.
Write your critique below.
STEPS CRITIQUE
DESCRIPTION
ANALYSIS
INTERPRETATION
JUDGMENT

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 10.4

Contemporary Arts
Production
CONTENT STANDARD:
The learner consolidates relevant concepts to plan for a production.
The learner designs a production using available materials and
appropriate techniques.
The learner:
1. Conceptualizes contemporary art based on techniques and
performance practices in their locality.
2. Applies artistic skills and techniques in the process of creation.
3. Incorporates contemporary practices to one’s creation with attetion to
detail.
4. Creates the intended final product using appropriate materials for the
best possible output. .
178 Contemporary Arts Production

LESSON 11
Basics of Contemporary
Art Production
By this time, you are expected to have acquired the necessary knowledge and skills on
the various contemporary arts of the Philippines. Surely, you now know how to distinguish
contemporary art form from the other forms of art. You have also learned the characteristics,
the elements and principles, and the materials and techniques used in the creation of
contemporary arts. You are now ready to apply what you have learned in order to produce
your own contemporary artwork.
Unit 4 is focused on Contemporary Arts Production. This lesson aims to teach you how
to enhance your skills so that by the end of this course, you will be capable of producing your
own art piece.
GET STARTED
If you are going to be a contemporary artist, what skills will you have to possess to come-up
with your own contemporary creations? List at least five (5) skills below. Beside each skill, explain
in brief why such skill is necessary.
SKILL REASON

What contemrporary art technique will you use in
Carry On
producing your contemporary artwork?
It has been mentioned earlier that this lesson will lead you to producing your own
contemporary art. Yes, not all of you are artistic enough to do this but you will be surprised
what you can do after taking up Unit 4. You just need a little motivation and a pat on the
back.
Art Production is the work of art based on the artist’s understanding of how a concept or
an expression is going to be represented. It is the artist’s internal representations being
manifested externally throught he use of any act of materialization. In this expression are the
artist’s personal styles, and artistic traditions, as well as representations of the world in which the
artist lives in.
The study of the arts has long been integrated into the educational curriculum of the
Department of Education (DepEd) and the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). During
the formative years of the learners, the subject Arts is incorporated in the subject MAPEH
(Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health). In higher education, Art Appreciation under the
big umbrella of Humanities (and for some educational institutions, Social Sciences) still aims to
expose the learners to the arts through classroom and hands-on experience.
The main objective of the Philippine educational system is not only to educate students
about the arts. More importantly, it is to tap the students’ natural abilities and inclination
towards the arts as a form of individual expression. Through these course subjects, students are
made more aware of the different capabilities that are products of human expression and at
the same time, relate to their own capabilities as potential artists.
So how do you acquire the skills necessary to become an artist?
Ever heard the term, “Practice makes perfect”? When one chooses to become an artist,
it is best to perform an activity or exercise a skill repeatedly or regularly in order to improve or
maintain one’s proficiency in the skill. Practice is when one carries out an activity habitually in
order to master his or her art.
Of course, one should devote his or her time to do an advance learning. One can
utilize different art techniques but it is also essential to read and learn, and even experiment
on other available art techniques in order to develop one’s competency as an artist. In
addition, he or she should be updated with the different trends in contemporary art. It also
helps if an aspiring artist seeks to further his or her knowledge of contemporary art by
participating in development seminars and trainings, or lectures about art.

It is easy to say that one can acquire artistic skills through practice, by devoting time, by
being updated and by seeking opportunities to improve one’s skills. But what are the criteria
that an artist needs to focus on during the course of his or her artistic acquisition? The following
are the standards of artistic acquisition. An artist must be able to:
 Communicate at a basic level in any of the following artistic discipline – dance, music,
theater, or the visual arts. This includes having the knowledge and skills in the use of the
basic terms, materials, tools, techniques and intellectual methods of his or her art
discipline.
 Communicate proficiently in at least one form, including the ability to define and solve
artistic problems with insight, reason and technical proficiency.
 Develop and present basic analyses of the work of art from structural, historical, and
cultural perspectives, and from combinations of those perspectives. This includes the
ability to understand and evaluate work in the various art disciplines.
 Have an informed acquaintance with exemplary works of art from a variety of cutlrues,
historical periods, and a basic understanding of the historical developments in the arts
disciplines, across the arts as a whole, and within cultures.
 Relate various types of arts knowledge and skills within and across the arts disciplines.
This includes mixing and matching competencies and understandings in art-making,
history and culture, and analysis in any arts-related project.
1. Artistic Ability – a good artist continuously develops the ability to further his natural,
creative skills. This may be achieved through openness to new trends and techniques in
artistic expressions.
2. Creativity – a good artist knows how to make the most use out of his imagination. He
should come up with original ideas and have the courage to be different in his artistic
expressions.
3. Manual Dexterity – a good artist always allots time for practicing his skills.
4. Computer Editing – a good artist keeps up with technology and events effort to gain
computer literacy.
5. Communication skills – a good artist should be able to convey information to people
clearly and simply.
6. Self-Promotion / Marketing Skills – a good artist should learn how to publicly relate
oneself to people for the purpose of selling his products and services. Like it or not, an
artist’s career can sustained one’s lifestyle.

Note that a good artist maintains an Art Portfolio. This is a collection and a proof of an
artist’s art capabilities, and should be carefully developed to contain a demonstration of
accomplished works, which would highlight the artist at his best.
For you to accomplish your end task after this lesson, you need to learn how to enhance
your artistic skills and talent. Skills Enhancement is the strengthening of acquired artistic skills so
that you can apply them in the production of artworks or integrated them in the other fields of
specialization. Let us break down these acquired skills so that you will know what to focus on:
 Language and Literature – these skills can be enhanced through communicative ways
through creative writing and drama.
 Painting, Sculpture and Architecture – these skills can be enhanced through the creation
of creative ideas into a reality.
 Music – can be enhanced through vocal and instrument practices.
 Dance – can be enhanced through intensive practice of body movements and routines.
 Drama – can be enhanced through the help of a media expert.
In truth, the creation of an artwork may either be simple or complicated. Remember, the
more skills involved, the more complex the process will be. Think of the Electric Lantern-Making
in the province of Pampanga. To be successful in that artwork, a lot of incorporation of skills
must be done such as designing, painting, sculpting, including electrical skills and pyro
technique. With all these skills, the people of Pampanga were able to create an Electric
Lantern. Integrated Arts Production is a concept that involves the service of many artists,
collaborating with each other to combine their various artistic skills. When you create your own
contemporary art, there will also be a need for an integrated arts production suitable for the
student’s level. So, as early as now, it is best to think of the skills that you might want to
incorporate in your artwork for you to be successful in the end.
It should be emphasized that many contemporary artists do not have formal studies in
the fine arts. Many of them are self-taught — they study on their own, practice as much as they
can, interact with artists, read about the lives of artists and their artworks, and explore materials
around them, and try many other ways to learn the different artistic skills.
Artistic skills are abilities that are possessed by artists, who operate within a fine art
capacity. Each artist uses various types of medium to develop their artistic skills. Through these
materials, the artists are able to express and communicate their feelings and ideas to other
people. The medium also describes the essence of the type of art that the artists make.

For example: Sculptors use metal, wood, stone, clay and glass. Architects use wood,
bamboo, bricks, stone, concrete and various building materials. Painters use pigments,
watercolor, oil, tempera, textile paint, acrylic, ink, etc. on a usually flat ground like wood,
canvas, paper, or stone wall. Print-makers use ink printed or transferred on a surface like wood,
metal plates, or silk screen. Musicians make use of sound and instruments, including the human
voice. Dancers use the human body and its movements. Theater producers integrate all the
arts and use the stage, production design, performance elements, and script to enable the
visual, musical, dance and other aspects of theater to come together as one whole work.
Photographers use the camera to record events in the outside world. Filmmakers use the
cinematographic camera to record and put together production design, sound engineering,
performance and screenplay. Creative writers produce a novel, poetry, non-fiction and fiction
from various words and figurative languages.
These concepts have been presented and discussed to you in the earlier lessons of this
subject.
If we are to classify arts based on the medium, we will have:
1. Musical arts that include music, poetry, and dance that are accompanied by music.
2. Practical arts that include those that we use everyday and in business life such as
design, architecture, and furniture.
3. Environmental arts that include those that occupy space and change in its meaning
and function depending on the categories like architecture, sculpture, and site-specific works
such as installations and public art.
4. Pictorial arts that include painting, drawing, graphics, and stage and production
design.
5. Dramatic arts include drama, performance art, music and dance.
6. Narrative arts include drama, novel, fiction, non-fiction, music and dance. .
On the other hand, technique is the way in which artists use and manipulate materials to
achieve the desired formal effect, and communicate the desired concept or meaning,
according to his or her personal style. The distinctive character or nature of the medium
determines the technique. Say, a stone is chiseled, a wood is carved, a clay is modeled and
shaped, a metal is cast, and a thread is woven. You have also learned the various
techniques in the previous lessons.
Technique involves tools and technology, ranging from the most traditional (carving,
silkscreen, analog, photography, and filmmaking) to the most contemporary (digital
photography, digital filmmaking, music production, industrial design and robotics).
Here are some of the art techniques used by artists:

1. Collage — is a visual art technique where the artwork is made from an assemblage of
different forms, thus creating a whole new art. Collage may sometimes include
magazines and newspaper clippings, ribbons, paints, bits of colored or handmade
papers, portions of other artwork or texts, photographs, and other found objects, glued
to a piece of paper or canvas.
2. Decollage — is the opposite of collage. Instead of an image being built-up from parts
of existing images, it is created by cutting, treating away or otherwise removing pieces
of an original image. The French word, “decollage,” means “take-off” or “to become
unglued” or “to become unstuck.” An example of decollage include cut-up technique.
Similar to this technique is the lacerated poster, a poster in which one has been over
another.
3. Graffiti — are writings or drawings that have been scribed, scratched, or painted illicitly
on a wall or other surface, often in a public space. Graffiti range from simple written
words to elabrate wall paintings. Graffiti may express underlying social and political
messages, and a whole genre of artistic expression using spray paint.
4. Land Art — are earth works, or earth arts wherein a landscape and the work of art are
linked. It is an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials such as soil, rock
(bed rock, boulders, stones), organic media (logs, branches, leaves) and water, which
introduced materials such as concrete, metal, asphalt, or mineral pigments.
5. Digital Arts - is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as an essential
part of the creative or presentation process. It is a work made with digital technology or
presented on digital technology. This includes images done completely on compuater
or hand-drawn images scanned into a computer and finished using a software program
like Adobe Illustrator. It can also involve animation and 3D virtual sculpture renderings
as well as projects that combine several technologies. Some digital art involves
manipulation of video images. While other artists show resistance to technology, the
impact of digital technology cannot be denied. In fact, it has transformed activities
such as painting, drawing, sculpture, and music/sound art, which formed a new form of
art called net art.
6. Mixed Media - refers to a work of visual art that combines various traditionally distinct
visual art. For example, a work on canvas tha combines paint, ink, and collage. When
creating a painted or photograph work using mixed media, it is important to choose the
layers carefully and allow enough dying time between the layers to ensure the final work
will have structural integrity, if many different layers are imposed. Many effects can be
achieved by using mixed media. Found-objects can be used in conjunction with the
traditional artist to attain a wide range of self-expression.
7. Print-Making — is the process of making artworks by painting, normally in the paper. Prints
are created by transforming ink from a matrix or through a prepared screen to a sheet
of paper or other material. Common types of matrices include metal plates, usually

copper or zinc; or polymer plates for engraving or etching; stone aluminum of polymer for
lithography, blocks of wood crafts and wood graving, and linoleum for linocuts. Screen
made of silk or synthetic fabrics are used for the screen-printing process.
8. Frottage — is the technique of rubbing with crayon on a piece of paper which has been
placed over an object or an image. The impression of the image can be created using
leaves, woods, wire screen, ,or metal with embossed image or words.
9. Decalcomania — is the process of applying gouache to paper or glass, then
transferring a reversal of the image onto canvas or other flat materials.
10. Decoupage — is done by adhering cut-outs of paper and then coating these with
one or transparent cating of varnish.
11. Eggshell mosaic — is an artistic technique that uses tiny parts of eggshell to create a
whole image or object. Mosaics are usually assembled using small tiles that are square,
but they can also be round or randomly shaped.
12. Trapunto painting — is the technique used were canvasses are padded, sewn, and
often filled with sequins, beads, shell, buttons, tiny mirrors, bits of glass, rickrack, swatches
of precious textiles and other everyday objects that you may pick up along the way.
Take a look at the following examples of art techniques so you can distinguish one from
the other:

Now that you have been equipped with all the necessary information about
contemporary art, are you now ready to create your own contemporary artwork?
 Art Production is the work of art based on the artist’s understanding of how a concept
or an expression is going to be represented.
 An individual may acquire skills to become an artist through constant practice,
devotion of time, continuous learning and by participating in development seminars,
trainings or lectures on art.
 The Standards of Artistic Acquisition include being able to: communicate art at a basic
level, communicate proficiently in at least one art form, develop and present basic
analyses of the artwork, have an informed acquaintance with exemplary artworks, and
relate knowledge and skills within and across the various art disciplines.
 A good artist is characterized by having the following skills: artistic ability, creativity,
manual dexterity, computer editing, communication skills and marketing skills.
 An Art Portfolio is a proof of an artist’s capabilities.
 Skills Enhancement is the strengthening of acquired artistic skills.
 Integrated Arts Production is a concept that involves collaboration between artists to
combine their various artistic skills.
 Artistic skills are abilities that are possessed by artists, who operate within a fine art
capacity.
 Technique is the way in which artists use and manipulate materials to achieve the
desired formal effect, and communicate the desired concept or meaning, according
to his or her personal style. This includes collage, decollage, graffiti, land art, digital
arts, mixed media, printmaking, frottage, decalcomania, decoupage, eggshell mosaic,
and trapunto painting.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 11.1
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read each statement carefully. Write the CAPITAL LETTER of the correct
answer on the space provided for.
_____1. An artwork that made with digital technology or presented on digital technology is
called _____.
A. Collage C. Print Making
B. Land Art D. Digital Art
_____2. Also called Earth work or Earth Art, this technique involves the use of natural materials
such as rock, soil, organic media and water.
A. Collage C. Print Making
B. Land Art D. Digital Art
_____3. This is a technique that involves cutting or treating away from its original image.
A. Decollage C. Print Making
B. Land Art D. Collage
_____4 These are drawings or writings that been scribed, scratched or painted illicitly on a wall,
or other surfaces usually in public area.
A. Land Arts C. Collage
B. Graffiti D. Digital Art
_____4 These are drawings or writings that been scribed, scratched or painted illicitly on a wall,
or other surfaces usually in public area.
A. Land Arts C. Collage
B. Graffiti D. Digital Art
_____5. It is the process of applying gouache to paper or glass then transferring a reversal of
the image onto canvas or ther flat materials.
A. Decalcomania C. Print Making
B. Frottage D. Collage

ACTIVITY 11.1
(con’t.)
_____6. It is the material or the substance out of which an artwork is created.

A. Artistic Skill C. Medium
B. Technique D. Nature of Art
_____7. These are abilites that are possessed by artists who operate within a fine art capacity.
A. Artistic Skill C. Medium
B. Technique D. Nature of Art
_____8. Which of the following is not classified as 3D art?

A. Pottery C. Paintings
B. Sculpture D. Installation Art
_____9. It is a technique that involves the process of ubbing with crayon on a piece of paper
placed over an object or an image.
A. Decoupage C. Frottage
B. Trapunto D. Graffiti
_____10. What is the english term for Decollage?

A. To take-off C. To arrange
B. To glue together D. To stick
_____5. It is the process of applying gouache to paper or glass then transferring a reversal of
the image onto canvas or ther flat materials.
A. Decalcomania C. Print Making
B. Frottage D. Collage

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 11.2
Create a contemporary art using the Eggshell Mosaic Art Technique with the theme: Aviation
Industry in the Post-Pandemic Era.
Materials:
Oslo Paper
Eggshells (cleaned and dried)
Glue
Watercolor/Poster PaintAcrylic Paint/Dye or other coloring materials
Pencil
Marker
RUBRIC FOR GRADING:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 11.3
CULMINATING ACTIVITY 1 (By Group): Many people have been affected by the
Covid-19 Pandemic. Many have lost their loved ones, their jobs, their businesses, etc. The world,
as we see it, has entered the New Normal Era as we continue to go on with our lives, with the
hope of going back to the way everything was. As your culminating activity for this subject, you
are to create a Radio Drama / Radio Play using life stories during this pandemic.
With five (5) members each group, you are to come-up with the following:
1. Script
2. Radio Drama Video in MP4 file
Using the elements of the human voice, music, sound effects (it is recommended that
these sound effects are originally produced by the group except for effects that cannot be
man-made like thunder and the like) and silence, the group must be able to create a story that
can be played using the Radio. Use the rubric on the next page for guidance.

RUBRIC FOR GRADING THE RADIO DRAMA / RADIO PLAY
Excellent Good Fair Needs Improvement

Most Individual Some Individual
All Individual Criteria Very Few to No Individual
CRITERIA Requirements Met
Criteria Criteria
Requirements met.
Requirements met. Requirements met.
20 pts 15 pts 10 pts 5 pts
Projection/ Excellent Good Fair Needs Improvement

Fluency Lines are always Most of the lines Some of the lines Did not speak so lines
clear and are clear and are clear and are clear and
understandable. understandable. understandable. understandable.
Voice Excellent Good Fair Needs Improvement

Expression Outstanding! Puts Puts good Puts some Puts minimal to no
clear dramatic voice expression into dramatic voice dramatic voice
expression into his/ most of his/her expression into expression into his/her
her lines. A character lines. A character his/her lines. A lines. Lines expressed
was created and was created and character was in monotone. No
maintained through maintained somewhat characterization was
the entire production through most of created, no real evident.
the production. difference
between
character and
student.
Story line Excellent Good Fair Needs Improvement

Outstanding plot and Good story with Flat characters, No characterization, the
characters. Student decent characters. disjointed intention of the script
had a complete Students had dialogue. was lost due to
understanding of some idea of what Students did not unfamiliarity with the
what their script the script was deliver the script text, frequent long
intended to saying and with any inflection pauses. No inflection or
communicate.Excelle communicated a or expression. expression of text.
nt inflection or little of what the The delivery of
expression with the script intended. the script was flat
text. Good expressive and the intended
inflection or message was not
expression. communicated.
Sound Effects Excellent Good Fair Needs Improvement

Outstanding sound Overall good Some to few Very few to no sound
effects executed execution of the sound effects effects executed
strategically sound effects for executed effectively in areas of
throughout the radio the most part in effectively in the radio play. Sound
play. Sound effects the play. Sound areas of the radio effects executed in a
add extremely well to effects add to the play. Sound way that may not add to
the mood and mood/ believability effects executed the mood/believability
believability of the of the radio play. in a way that may of the drama.
drama. or may not add to
the mood/
believability of the
drama.
Teamwork Excellent Good Fair Needs Improvement

Worked in an Worked well Worked well at Did not work well with
excellent and highly overall with other times with other other group members
cooperative manner group members. group members throughout the unit.
with other group but had a few to
members. several problems
working
cooperatively.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 11.4
 CULMINATING ACTIVITY 2 (Individual): Create a contemporary artwork using any

of the techniques mentioned in Lesson 11 (collage, decollage, graffiti, land art, digital arts,
mixed media, printmaking, frottage, decalcomania, decoupage, eggshell mosaic, and
trapunto painting). You are free to choose from the following themes:
 1. The Role of Gen-Z in the Education Sector during Post-Pandemic
2. The Aviation Industry in 2021
3. The Role of Art in My Life during this Pandemic
4. I Can Help Promote Contemporary Philippine Arts
Whatever medium and technique you use, make sure that you also write an Art Critique of
your own work following the steps provided in Lesson 10.

Name: _________________________________________________________ Date: _________________
ACTIVITY 11.5

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UNIT 1: INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY ART

UNIT 2: CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

UNIT 3: CONTEMPORARY ART TECHNIQUES AND PERFORMANCE

UNIT 4: CONTEMPORARY ARTS PRODUCTION

1 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

We have been introduced to crayons, pencils and

Who among you use musical beats when memorizing

make their food products appear more appetizing and mouth-

2 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Family Life Friends School

Pet Most Unique Dreams

Attitude towards Love life Most valuable

3 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

4 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Ancient Art (4,000 B.C. - A.D. 400)

Medieval Art (A.D. 500 - A.D. 1400)

5 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

6 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Rococo (1699 - 1780)

Romanticism (1780 - 1850)

7 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Realism (1848 - 1900)

Post-Impressionism (1885 - 1910)

Art Nouveau (1890 – 1910)

8 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Fauvism (1900 - 1935)

Expressionism (1905 – 1920)

9 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Op Art (1950s - 1960s)

10 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Conceptual Art (1960s - 1970s)

11 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

It is important to note, however, that it may be difficult to identify the preliminaries of

12 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

To Evoke Emotions and Feelings

To Reinforce Cultural Ties and Traditions

13 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

To Bring Attention to Ordinary Objects

Take a look at the following artwork:

14 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

15 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

3. CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS

16 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

17 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

18 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

19 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________________________ Score: ________________

20 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

21 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________________________ Score: _______________

1. ________ 2. ________ 3. _________ 4. ________

5. ________ 6. _________ 7. ________ 8. _________

9. _________ 10. _________

A. Collage D. Ballet G. Architecture J. Embroidery

B. Land Art E. Puppetry H. Folk Dance K. Graphic Art

C. Mime F. Sculpture I. Pottery L. Traditional Dance

22 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________________________ Score: ________________

23 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________________________ Score: ________________

Art in the Past Art in the Present

24 Integrative Art as Applied to Contemporary Art

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________ Score:

Grade Level and Section.: _________________________ Score: _

1. ____ 2. 3. _ 4. ____

5. ____ 6. _ 7. 8. _____

9. _ 10. _

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________ Score:

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________ Score:

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________ Score:

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________ Score:

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________ Score:

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________ Score:

Grade Level and Section.: _______________________ Score: