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Hi..Friends….I have kept diagrams drawn with pen and some simple sketch
diagrams for movements of vocal cords which can be used for exam. Other
photos are for understanding the topic.
Introduction: Larynx is the part of respiratory passage located in the neck and also an organ of
phonation.
Situation and Extent: In the anterior part of the neck in midline in front of 3rd to 6th cervical
vertebra (in adult male) extending from the root of tongue to the trachea.
Size: 44 mm in Male and 36 mm in female (Adult)
3 Unpaired Cartilages:
1. Thyroid cartilage
2. Cricoid cartilage
3. Epiglottis
3 paired cartilages:
1. Arytenoid cartilages
2. Corniculate cartilages
3. Cuneiform cartilages
3. Epiglottis
Type: Elastic cartilage
It is leaf shape cartilage.
Its narrow lower part is attached to thyroid cartilage at epiglottic tubercle.
Its wider upper part is having free border and with aryepiglottic fold forms the inlet of larynx.
6. Corniculate cartilages:
Paired cartilages
Type: Elastic cartilage
It is small wedge shape cartilages.
Present in the aryepiglottic fold.
MEMBRANES OF LARYNX:
Membranous skeleton of larynx is formed by following membranes.
Membranes of Larynx are:
1. Quadrate Membrane
2. Cricovocal Membrane (Conus Elasticus)
3. Thyrohyoid Membrane
4. Cricothyroid Membrane
5. Cricotracheal Membrane
4. Cricothyroid Membrane:
This membrane is between cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage.
5. Cricotracheal Membrane:
This membrane is between cricoid cartilage and first tracheal ring.
Supraglottic Larynx
Vestibular fold
Ventricle
Vocal fold
Infraglottic
larynx
Applied Anatomy: Damage to external laryngeal nerve during ligation of superior thyroid
artery in thyroidectomy leads to paralysis of this muscle causing hoarseness of voice.
3. Posterior Cricoarytenoid:
Origin: Lamina of Cricoids cartilage.
Insertion: Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage.
Action: Abduction of vocal cords.
4. Transverse arytenoid:
Transversely placed muscle between two arytenoids cartilages.
Action: Adduction of vocal cords.
6. Thyroarytenoid (Vocalis):
Origin: Inner aspect of thyroid cartilage.
Insertion: vocal process of arytenoid cartilage.
Action: relaxes the vocal cords.
7. Thyroepigloticus:
Origin: Inner aspect of thyroid cartilage.
Insertion: free margin of the epiglottis.
Action: Opens the inlet of larynx.
MOTOR NERVE SUPPLY OF LARYNX: All the muscles of larynx are supplied by Recurrent
Laryngeal Nerve except Cricothyroid which is supplied by External Laryngeal Nerve.
RIMA GLOTIDIS:
It is slit like “V” shape gap between vocal cords.
It is divided in to:
Anterior triangular inter-membranous part.
Posterior quadrangular inter-cartilaginous part.
During Normal breathing: it is triangular anteriorly and quadrangular posteriorly.
Inter-membranous part
Inter-cartilaginous part
During forced breathing: it is triangular both anteriorly as well as posterioly i.e. Lozenge shape.
Arterial supply:
Above the vocal cords: Superior laryngeal artery –Branch of superior thyroid artery.
Below the vocal cords: Inferior laryngeal artery –Branch of Inferior thyroid artery.
Lymphatic Drainage:
Above the vocal cords: Anterosuperior group of deep cervical lymph nodes.
Below the vocal cords: Posteroinferior group of deep cervical lymph nodes.
APPLIED ANATOMY:
1. Laryngoscopy: Technique for visualization of larynx.
Direct Laryngoscopy by instrument laryngoscope.
Indirect Laryngoscopy by mirror in the pharynx.
Structures seen are Epiglottis, vestibular folds, vocal folds, tracheal rings.
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