LYMPHATIC AND

IMMUNE SYSTEM
Submitted by:
Norman Anthony Calumba
Darlene Mae Mamhot
Kaye Vienna Kionisala
BASIC COMPONENTS
 Lymphaticsystem
 Immune system
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
 Lymph
Lymph is a fluid similar in composition to
blood plasma. It is derived from blood plasma
as fluids pass through capillary walls at the
arterial end. As the interstitial fluid begins to
accumulate, it is picked up and removed by
tiny lymphatic vessels and returned to the
blood. As soon as the interstitial fluid enters
the lymph capillaries, it is called lymph.
Returning the fluid to the blood prevents
edema and helps to maintain normal blood
volume and pressure.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
 Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic vessels, unlike blood vessels, only carry
fluid away from the tissues. The smallest lymphatic
vessels are the lymph capillaries, which begin in the
tissue spaces as blind-ended sacs. Lymph capillaries
are found in all regions of the body except the bone
marrow, central nervous system, and tissues, such as
the epidermis, that lack blood vessels. The wall of
the lymph capillary is composed of endothelium in
which the simple squamous cells overlap to form a
simple one-way valve. This arrangement permits
fluid to enter the capillary but prevents lymph from
leaving the vessel.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
 Lymphatic Organs
Lymphatic organs are characterized by clusters of
lymphocytes and other cells, such as macrophages,
enmeshed in a framework of short, branching
connective tissue fibers. The lymphocytes originate in
the red bone marrow with other types of blood cells
and are carried in the blood from the bone marrow to
the lymphatic organs. When the body is exposed to
microorganisms and other foreign substances, the
lymphocytes proliferate within the lymphatic organs
and are sent in the blood to the site of the invasion.
This is part of the immune response that attempts to
destroy the invading agent.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
 Spleen
 Lymphatic vessels
 Lymph nodes
 Mucosal associated lymph tissue
 Generative lymphatic organs, such as
bone marrow and the thymus gland
FUNCTION OF TEARS
 The function of the fluid or tears is to, by
continuously flowing away into the nose,
catch and remove any small particles from
the surface of the eye and thus helps keep
vision clear.
FUNCTION OF STOMACH
 The stomach's main function is digestion. It does this
by:Storing the food we eat.
 Breaking down the food into a liquidly mixture called chyme.
 Mixing enzymes which is are chemicals that break down food.
 Slowly empties that liquidly mixture into the small intestine.

The stomach uses pepsin (enzyme) and peptidase

(another enzyme) to break down proteins in your food.
The acid released by the stomach doesn't break down
food it only provides a good environment for the
enzymes to work in. By this point the food is mushy and
the stomach then passes this mixture on to the small
intestine which will further break down the food.
FUNCTION OF SALIVA
 Lubrication and binding: the mucus in saliva is extremely effective
in binding masticated food into a slippery bolus that (usually)
slides easily through the esophagus without inflicting damage to
the mucosa. Saliva also coats the oral cavity and esophagus, and
food basically never directly touches the epithelial cells of those
tissues.

 Solubilizes dry food: in order to be tasted, the molecules in food

must be solubilized.

 Oral hygiene: The oral cavity is almost constantly flushed with

saliva, which floats away food debris and keeps the mouth
relatively clean. Flow of saliva diminishes considerably during
sleep, allow populations of bacteria to build up in the mouth --
the result is dragon breath in the morning. Saliva also contains
lysozyme, an enzyme that lyses many bacteria and prevents
overgrowth of oral microbial populations.
FUNCTION OF SALIVA
 Initiates starch digestion: in most species, the serous
acinar cells secrete an alpha-amylase which can begin
to digest dietary starch into maltose. Amylase does not
occur in the saliva of carnivores or cattle.

 Provides alkaline buffering and fluid: this is of great

importance in ruminants, which have non-secretory
forestomachs.

 Evaporative cooling: clearly of importance in dogs,

which have very poorly developed sweat glands - look at
a dog panting after a long run and this function will be
clear.
FUNCTION VAGINAL
LUBRICATION
 Vaginal lubrication is a lubricating fluid that is naturally
produced in a woman's vagina. Vaginal lubrication or
moistness is present at all times, but production increases
significantly during a woman's sexual arousal in
anticipation of sexual intercourse. Without vaginal
lubrication, sexual intercourse would be painful to the
woman, and sometimes artificial lubricants must be used
to augment insufficient natural lubrication. While plasma
seepage from vaginal walls due to vascular engorgement
is considered to be the chief lubrication source,
theBartholin's glands, located slightly below and to the
left and right of the introitus (opening of the vagina), also
secrete mucus to augment vaginal-wall
secretions. Vaginal dryness is the condition in which this
lubrication is insufficient.
INFLAMMATORY REACTION
 Inflammation is part of the complex biological
response of vascular tissues to harmful
stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or
irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt
by the organism to remove the injurious
stimuli and to initiate the healing process.
Inflammation is not a synonym for infection,
even in cases where inflammation is caused
by infection. Although infection is caused by a
microorganism, inflammation is one of the
responses of the organism to the pathogen.
ANTI-BODIES
 Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abreviated Ig)
are gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or
other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune
system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such
as bacteria and viruses. They are typically made of basic
structural units—each with two large heavy chains and two
small light chains—to form, for example, monomers with one
unit, dimers with two units or pentamers with five units.
Antibodies are produced by a kind of white blood cell called
a plasma cell. There are several different types of antibody
heavy chains, and several different kinds of antibodies, which
are grouped into different isotypes based on which heavy chain
they possess. Five different antibody isotypes are known in
mammals, which perform different roles, and help direct the
appropriate immune response for each different type of
foreign object they encounter.
T-CELL
 T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group
of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and
play a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
They can be distinguished from other
lymphocyte types, such as B cells and natural
killer cells by the presence of a special receptor
on their cell surface called T cell
receptors (TCR). The abbreviation T, in T cell,
stands for thymus, since this is the principal
organ responsible for the T cell's maturation.
Several different subsets of T cells have been
discovered, each with a distinct function.
VACCINE
 A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves
immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically
contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing
microorganism, and is often made from weakened or
killed forms of the microbe or its toxins. The agent
stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the
agent as foreign, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that
the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy
any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.
 Vaccines can be prophylactic (e.g. to prevent or
ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any
natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g. vaccines
against cancer are also being investigated; see cancer
vaccine).
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
 is the principal health agency in the
Philippines. It is the executive department of
the Philippine Government responsible for
ensuring access to basic public
health services to all Filipinos through the
provision of quality health care and the
regulation of providers of health goods and
services.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
 Mission: 
To provide transparent and professional
logistics to health providers through the most
effective and efficient ways

 Vision: 
What you need, where you need, just in time
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
PROGRAMS
  Adolescent and Youth Health and Development
Program 
 Botika Ng Barangay
 Breastfeeding Program / Mother and Baby
 Friendly Hospital Initiative 
 Blood Donation Program
 Cancer Control Program
 Child Health 
 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program 
 Dengue Control Program 
 Dental Health Program
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
PROGRAMS
 Doctors to the Barrios (DttB) Program 
 Emerging Disease Control Program 
 Environmental Health 
 Expanded Program on Immunization
 Family Planning 
 Food and Waterborne Diseases Prevention and Control
Program 
 Food Fortification Program 
 FOURmula One 
 Garantisadong Pambata
 GMA 50 / Parallel Drug Importation (PDI)
 Human Resource Health Network
 Healthy Lifestyle Program
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
PROGRAMS
 Health Sector Development Program 
 Knock-Out Tigdas
 Leprosy Control Program
 Malaria Control Program 
 Measles Elimination Campaign (Ligtas Tigdas)
 National Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control
Program 
 National Filariasis Elimination Program 
 National Mental Health Program 
 Natural Family Planning 
 Newborn Screening 
 Nutrition 
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
PROGRAMS
 Occupational Health Program 
 Health Development Program for Older Persons (Elderly
Health)
 Pinoy MD
 Persons with Disabilities Program 
 Pnuemonia and Other Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI's)
 Prevention of Blindness Program 
 Rabies Control Program
 Safe Motherhood and Women's Health 
 Schistosomiasis Control Program 
 Smoking Cessation Program 
 Soil Transmitted Helmenthiasis 
 TB Control Program
 Unang Yakap
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
PROGRAMS
 The mentioned DOH programs fights disease
and infections
 DOH protects the Filipinos from different
diseases and infections
VIRUS AND BACTERIA
 Virus has very small structures and increasing
itself by using cells from other lives.
 Bacteria is a prokaryotic organism that has a
cell wall including acetylmuramic acid.
VIRUS AND BACTERIA
 Growing mold in our life space, not only loss of
aspect of your room but also, exert a harmful
influence for your healthy life by food poisoning,
allergy and so on.
1.Influence for foods
Mold denaturalizes for food, by smelling, changing
color shapes etc..
Spoiling food by mold Virulence of mold, mycotoxin
could causes liver cancer.
2.Influence for buildings
Mold causes lots of trouble in the living spaces such
as bathroom, wall, masonry joint, behind furniture,
as you already knowits smell, loss of clearness.
VIRUS AND BACTERIA
3.Influence for industries
Developing mold on woods, textiles, leather, lens on
a camera, variety of industries having trouble with
mold.
4.Influence of animals
It is known that mold and virus causes animal
diseases. 
Canine parvovirus is very strong.
5.Influence for human body
The diseases caused by mold are called fungus
disease. People sometimes hear as a hospital
infection, caused by Legionella infection and
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.