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Ans. A. cold
Ans. B. fungi
Ans. C. pathogens
Ans. A. 70o
Ans. B. 78%
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Very Short Answer Questions
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Short Answer Questions
2. Define virus.
Ans. Viruses are microscopic infectious agent that acts as non-living outside host cell and
inside host cell becomes living and show reproduction. It can affect all kind of organism
including animals, plants and bacteria.
6. What is fermentation?
Ans. The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is known as fermentation.
7. Why is yeast used in the baking industry for making bread, cakes and pastries?
Ans. Yeast reproduces rapidly and produces carbon dioxide during respiration. Bubbles of
gas fill the dough (a mixture of atta or maida and some sugar and water) and increase its
volume. This is the basis of using yeast in the baking industry.
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Indirect Transmission: Infected food, water or air, Through carriers like the housefly,
mosquitoes, rats etc, through dirty hands.
11. Write any four ways in which spread of communicable diseases can be prevented.
Ans. a. Cover food and do not consume uncovered food
b. Prevent breeding of mosquitoes by keeping the surroundings dry
c. Always cover your mouth while sneezing and coughing
d. Wash your hands before and after meals
1. What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics?
Ans. The medicines which kill or stop the growth of microorganisms in our body are
called antibiotics. These are very useful to us as they prevent us from the effects of
microorganisms. Antibiotics are made from bacteria and fungi. These days a number
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of antibiotics are used to cure various human and animal diseases such as
streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin etc.
Precautions to be taken while taking antibiotics:
a. We should take antibiotics only by the advice of a qualified doctor.
b. Antibiotics should only be taken when needed. Otherwise, they may be harmful and
become less effective in future.
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i. They are used as preservatives for food items.
j. They help in various metabolic activities in our body.
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