DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROPAR

RUPNAGAR-140001, INDIA
IIT Ropar

Development Engineering Project (CP301)

Mid-Sem Report

Solar Seawater Desalination Machine

Including RO UV Purifier

By

2019meb1302
Tushar Raj

Under the Supervision of -

Dr. Ravi Kant

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
Date of Submission – 1st July 2022
 Title: Solar Seawater Desalination Machine including RO UV Purifier

Table Of Contents
1. Introduction .....................................................................................3

2. Objectives .......................................................................................3

3. Description of Our Model ............................................................... 4

4. Methodology ...................................................................................6

5. Our Future Goals ............................................................................7

6. Relevent Information ...................................................................... 7

7. References ..................................................................................... 7

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 Title: Solar Seawater Desalination Machine including RO UV Purifier
1. Introduction

There is an increasing demand for advancing typical desalination technologies and

developing novel solar powered desalination processes. The increasing demand for solar
powered desalination systems is driven by the increasing value of fossil fuels for thermal
and electricity generation. Falling value of renewable energy technologies, need for small
scale localized desalination systems to work in remote areas that lack access to the
electrical grid, and therefore the concern over global climate change. Solar powered
desalination is particularly necessary in remote and rural areas with low infrastructure, close
to the coast and without connection to a grid.

To solve the problem of “Water Scarcity” among people which is a one of the biggest
engineering problems. From a Mechanical engineering perspective, we will develop an
transportable solar seawater desalination machine to resolve the water downside with a
sensible, innovative thought.

Solar desalination process is a technique to supply water with low salt concentration from
seawater or brine using solar energy. Desalination refers to a process that involves taking
the salt out of water to form it potable. Desalination process involves either treating ocean
or salt water with the target to form fresh or potable water. so as to try and do this,
desalination process plants involve multiple technologies, from pre-treatment to pumps
and membranes.

There are 2 common strategies of solar desalination:

 using the direct heat from the sun.
 using electricity generated by solar cells to power a membrane method.
Only three percent of the water on the earth is fresh. Two thirds of this H2O is present in
frozen glaciers. That’s why a serious a part of the population fails to get pure water to
drink. Thus, we'll develop portable solar powered seawater desalination as well as water
purifier to solve the water problem with a smart innovative thought.

2. Objectives
The objective behind all these things is listed below –
 To provides everyone a clean & freshwater for drinking.
 To use this water for agricultural purposes provides a risk to anyone, such as plant and
animal.
 To preserve current fresh provides for next generations.
 To use unlimited ocean / sea water as a supply for drinking/daily routine purpose with not
compromising with any environmental protection.

To complete above objective desalination of water is necessary but there are several
reasons why we tend to desalinization is very important these days however we will cross-
check the two significant reasons first:

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 Title: Solar Seawater Desalination Machine including RO UV Purifier
1- Environmental advantages: desalinization not solely has economic advantages.
However, it conjointly has several environmental benefits. Scrutiny it with the water
transport, desalinization, chemical change, and chemical action process does not want
such a lot of pipeline and pumping stations. It implies that less land will be used, and less
energy will be wasted within the transferring method. After that, because of these ancient
provide water system and water facility installation choices want H2O supply as the
overuse of ground and surface water has caused several serious consequences.

2- Growing human population wants it: Water may be an essential and crucial resource for
survival and growth of the lifetime of all living beings on earth. We will not live while not
water. However, roughly one-fourth of humanity is full of H2O offers, in terms of each -
quality and amount. Considering water shortage issues concerning eighty countries and
has caused some serious leads to several places, the water shortage development turns
into a significant international drawback that affects people’s lifestyle and a hundred
social development. Because of the increasing variety of worldwide population and
growth of each industrial and agricultural activity, the water demand can increase apace.
That is why we want this method.

3. Description of Our Model

The model which we are going to used for the desalination of water is the Solar power
Reverse osmosis model.

Solar-powered reverse osmosis:

In reverse osmosis desalination systems, the seawater's pressure is raised above the
natural osmotic pressure, forcing pure water through membrane pores to the fresh
waterside.
Then PV-RO systems convert the solar radiation into direct-current (DC) electricity, which
the RO unit will use. The desalination process during the nighttime is complicated as there
is no sunlight. The model for the solar-powered reverse osmosis is shown below:

We cannot use solar-powered reverse osmosis at night. So, to solves this, we have several
methods:
 Use of batteries.
 Use of thermal energy solar systems.

Usage of batteries will also have two significant demerits:

 It will be very costly
 It will decrease the plant's efficiency as a large amount of energy will get waste in
charging.

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 Title: Solar Seawater Desalination Machine including RO UV Purifier

Advantages of victimization the Reverse diffusion Process:

RO has several edges and benefits over alternative ways. It helps deliver the pure goods
desalinization of brine and the purest water production compared to alternative ways of
desalination. Here square measures several the explanations why industries square
measure selecting the artificial language for his or her desalinization needs:

1. Compact desalinization System:

Reverse diffusion offers by being a standard system, or we will say the compact system.
It is a compact system that's simple to manoeuvre, install and use as per people's
requirements. Besides this, its capital prices are additionally terribly low. Industries will
save loads of cash by reducing the price of installation of the method.

Due to its tiny size, the artificial language system is put in anyplace. For the public places
like hotels, wherever an outsized scape system installation is troublesome, artificial
language provides the most straightforward answer. Its tiny and compact style is why
they are thought of as the most straightforward choices for the chemical process.

2. Highly Effective method:

The artificial language system's importance is measured because it is widely used

worldwide for water purification. Once it involves brine desalinization, it is equally
effective with ninety-nine removal of the contaminants and alternative microorganisms.
It can remove ninety-nine salts, and alternative organic impurities, also called the total
dissolved solids (TDS). It ends up in the purest sort of water compared to alternative
ways of desalinization. The water made with artificial language technique is high-quality
and safe for the U.S.A. to drink and use alternative works. This is often one reason why
artificial language is considered together of the only effective ways for water purification
and desalinization.

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 Title: Solar Seawater Desalination Machine including RO UV Purifier
3. Lower value:

One of the most significant downsides for the industries is the value of installing the
desalinization plant. The reverse diffusion may be a cost-efficient technique that may
match the budget of the industries. The relatively lower value makes it ideal for every
kind of industries from tiny to medium and medium to massive. This is often another
excuse why victimization artificial language system is among the simplest choices of
water purification. Victimization of the desalinization pilot plants, corporations, and
industries will confirm the price and the best answer for water purification.

4. Methodology

The machine makes use of a 3-stage method to convert saltwater to pure drinkable and
usable water. The three stages are given below:

 The system first permits the user to pour salty water via a mesh-based inlet where
massive waste like plastic granules or stones, weed, etc., gets separated. Now the
physical waste of the water has been separated.
 This water is then pumped-up into a giant-sized purification chamber with three layers of
purifiers and sand and gravel for filtering weed, sand, and massive salt particles.
 The output of this method remains salty water, however, without waste particles. Finally,
this water is passed on to the second filtration, where we use reverse osmosis to filter the
salt from the water.

After all the three stages above, we get the pure drinkable form of water.

The solar portable desalinated serves the subsequent key aspects:

 Fast and instant Purification of desalinated wate

 Added UV sterilization for virus microorganism sterilization
 Compact design and style
 Portable design simple to manoeuvre
 Solar power proven with No External Power required
 Easy Maintenance System

While executing our idea, we have found below problem-

 To find correct Component Specification

 Difficult in designing

We will try to find these solutions with the help of our supervisor.

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 Title: Solar Seawater Desalination Machine including RO UV Purifier
5. Our Future Goals
We will try to do following things like-
 Design of the Product means where we will put parts (Partially done)
 Will list material required for this product
 CAD design of our part and then we do assembly
 Will calculate the cost of making this product
 Will find out the particular Specification for smooth functioning of this product

We have already found some Foreign author’s book, research paper and also look few other sources
to find out how we can implement this idea in physical forms.

6. Relevent Information

Now we will be going to deeply see what the impacts of chemical action on our environment
that freshwater shortage and demand area unit are expected to extend within the returning
few years. The event and utilization of other water resources like H2O chemical action have
become necessary.

On the opposite hand, desalinization (chemical change/chemical action) is a highly energy-

intensive process and harms the atmosphere. The discharge of focused brine affects the
lifetime of ocean ecosystems. Waste discharge from chemical action processes is
considered a big challenge that is turning into more and more necessary. High energy
consumption is considered the foremost influencing issue that inhibits the growth of H2O
chemical action. Currently, most chemical action processes area unit driven by energy
obtained from fossil fuels. With such dependence on fuel primarily based energy sources,
the rise in H2O chemical action ends up in gas emissions that contaminate the atmosphere.

Alternative energy primarily based desalinization (chemical change/chemical action)

process is considered to be a promising methodology to alleviate the environmental impact
of water chemical action and offer a property supply of potable water. This methodology
considerably mitigates the dependence on fuel.

As an example, the bottom surface settlement happened in several places in the world
simply because of groundwater misuse. Ground surface settlement is harmful to a building's
foundation and can cause dangerous disasters. However, desalination's resource is H2O,
cannot never be restricted and never will have these troubles. Compared with some ancient
water choices, the chemical action system also has several its environmental edges.

7. References
1. Wikipedia for gathering information about reverse
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis
From research paper of DESALINATION
 Reverse Osmosis Technology, its Applications and Nano-Enabled Membrane.Ahamefula
A. Ahuchaogu1 , Okonkwo Joseph Chukwu2 , A. I. Obike1 , Chitua E. Igara3 , Innocent

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 Title: Solar Seawater Desalination Machine including RO UV Purifier
Chidi Nnorom1 , John Bull Onyekachi Echeme2.International Journal of Advanced Research
in Chemical Science (IJARCS).Volume 5, Issue 2, 2018, PP 20-26
https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijarcs/v5-i2/5.pdf

 Application of reverse osmosis in purifying drinking water.Lei Jiang, Yue Tu, Xiangmin Li,
Haixiang Li*.College of Environmental Science and Engineering，Guilin University of
Technology，Guilin 541006，China.2018
https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2018/13/e3sconf_icemee2018_01037.pdf

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