2009 Answers – Chapter 1 : Section D - Physics

1. Hot.
2. Convection.
3. 1 Newton.
4. 1 Pascal.
5. Rotational, rectilinear, circular, spin, translational, random and oscillatory.
6. Gamma rays.
7. X-rays
8. 1 microfarad.
9. 1 kiloohm.
10. Any of the following: The photoelectric effect, Compton Effect or Pair Production.
11. Any of the following: Diffraction, Interference, Polarization
12. Henries.
13. Ohms.
14. It is the point at which all rays initially parallel to the axis converge after reflection.
15. It is used to view (large) objects that far away.
16. 45o
17. 70o
18. (1) Chromatic aberration (2) Spherical aberration. Also possible but outside syllabus: Coma,
Astigmatism, field curvature, barrel distortion, pincushion distortion
19. The amplitude is the maximum displacement of vibrating object from its mean position.
20. 0 K or – 2730C
21. Diffuse reflection.
22. A virtual image is an image formed by the apparent intersection of light rays. It is formed
behind the optical or reflecting surface.
23. It is an image formed by the actual intersection of light ray. It is formed in front of the optical
or reflecting surface.
24. Zero.
25. Quantized. The angular momentum is quantized according to L = nh/2 n = 1,2,3….
26. A satellite in a geostationary orbit maintains the same position in orbit with respect to a point
on the earth’s surface.

1
27. Any of the following:
a. Orbit must be circular and OVER the equator.
b. Satellite must have the same orbital period as the earth.

28. The co-efficient of friction has no units.

29. A positron is the antiparticle of the electron, and has a positive charge.
30. Fission reactions and Fusion reactions.
31. Fusion reactions (between hydrogen atoms).
32. Joules or Nm (Newton - meter)
33. Kgm/s (kilogram - meter per second).
34. Angular velocity.
35. Torque.
36. One light year is the distance travelled by light in one year.
37. One electron-volt is the energy gained by an electron that is accelerated through a potential
difference of one volt, or it is the energy lost by an electron when it is retarded by a potential
difference of one volt.
38. Frequency modulation.
39. Medium Wave.
40. To detect (ionizing) radiation (accept also to detect radioactivity).
41. To generate heat and electricity; to generate radioactive elements; to generate neutrons.
42. Sound Navigation and Ranging.
43. Light Amplification by stimulated Emission of Radiation.
44. Its molecules or atoms are ionized by the radioactive particles.
45. It cannot distinguish among them.

46. Atmospheric Pressure.

47. Pressure of liquids.
48. Cancer treatment, sterilization of surgical tools.
49. It is the emission of electrons from a (metallic) surface by the application of an electric field.
50. Bipolar Junction Transistor.
51. Field Effect Transistor.
52. Medicine (for some surgical procedures); Industry (analyzing finished products, welding);
Military (weapons guidance systems); Entertainment (CDs and DVD players);

2
 Communication (fibre-optic communication); Commercial uses (supermarket
scanners);
53. Iron, carbon, and manganese.
54. Iron, carbon, nickel and (Cobalt + Aluminium)
55. Conservation of angular momentum; Conservation of momentum; Conservation of energy;
Conservation of charge; Conservation of nucleon number.
56. The potential energy is greater for the positive charges (because the distance between them is
smaller).
57. The electric potential energy is the same in both cases
58. (Any one of the following)
a. Alcohol has a high co-efficient of expansion.
b. Alcohol has a lower freezing point than mercury and therefore can be used to measure
lower temperatures than mercury.
c. Mercury is toxic, and in the case where the thermometer breaks, it creates a health
hazard.
59. This is the deference between the total mass of the nucleons and the mass of the nucleus
(which is made up of the nucleons).
60. Energy will have to be absorbed by the nucleus in order to disintegrate.
61. They are:
a. The specific heat capacity at constant volume, Cv.
b. The specific heat capacity at constant pressure, Cp.
62. The frequency below which there can be no emission of electrons, or, frequency above which
electrons are emitted.
63. The current reduces to zero.
64. 25N.
65. 250N
66. Superconductors.
67. Physics of Solids.
68. Wilhelm Roentgen.
69. Sadi Carnot.
70. End correction.
71. The velocity of the sound wave (in air).

3
72. (Any one of the following)
a. Mercury is opaque and can be seen easily; alcohol must be coloured.
b. Mercury is a better conductor of heat than alcohol.
c. Alcohol tends to cling to the inside walls of the thermometer whereas mercury
doesn’t; i.e.; mercury does not ‘wet glass’
d. Alcohol has a lower boiling point than mercury and therefore mercury thermometers
can be used to measure higher temperatures than alcohol.
73. Holes.
74. The following:
a) Alternating current in circuits or
(b) Interactions of sinusoidal waves with each other.
75. (Any one of the following)
a. Friction,
b. Contact,
c. Induction,
d. Conduction.
76. Quarks.
77. Leptons.
78. Photon
79. Neutron