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SHAFTINGS, KEYS &

SPLINES, COUPLINGS
MACHINE DESIGN & SHOP PR ACTICE

“Satisfaction lies in the effort, not the attainment.

Full effort is full victory.”
- Maha
Mahatma
tma Gandh
Gandhi 
i 
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Shaft
•  a rotating machine element which is used to   transmit
power  from
  from one place to another.

Axle
• a stationary machine element and is used for the
transmission of bending
bending moment only.
only.
• It simply acts as a  support for some rotating
rotating body such
body  such
as hoisting drum, a car wheel or a rope sheave.

Spindle
•  short shaft that imparts motion either to a cutting tool
(e.g. drill press spindles) or to a work piece (e.g. lathe
spindles).
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Types of Shafts:
1. Tran
ransm
smiss
ission
ion sha
shafts
fts
Thes
These
• e shaf
shafts
ts tran
transm
smit
it powe
powerr betw
betwee
een n the
the sour
source
ce
and the machines absorbing power.
 Example:   coun
• countter shafts
afts,, line sha
shafts
fts, ove
over head 
head 
shafts and all factory shafts

2. Mach
Machin inee sh
shaf
afts
ts
  These shafts form an integral part of the machine
•

itself.
 Example: crank
 Example:  crank shaft 
•
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 Analysis for shaftings:

•  Ductile materials
Based on strength is controlled by the   maximum
shear theory .

•  Brittle materials
Designed on the basis of the maximum
the  maximum normal stress
theory .
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Shear Stress (torsional load)

Tc  
Ss =  =  =
I     

Bending Stress (tension or compression)

Mc  
Sb =  =  =
I     

Axial stress (axial loads)

F  
Sa =  =   = 
A    
 
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Combined Torsion and Bending Stresses

Ductile materials (maximum shear stress)


 
− =  +  − =  +  
 

Brittle materials (maximum normal stress)

Note: if factor of Safety, N,

  is considered .
− =  +  +  
  − =


 − =
− = +  +  
 Where:
  = . 
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Combined Torsion and Bending with shock & fatigue factors

Ductile materials (maximum shear stress)

 
 =    +   

  
 =  + 

Brittle materials (maximum normal stress)

  
− =     +    +   
 
  
− =  +  + 

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SHAFTINGS
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What would be the diameter in millimeters

of a main power transmitting steel shaft
SAE 1040 to transmit 150 kW at 900 rpm?
 A. 2.3 C. 66.4
B. 2.6 D. 76.5

Ans:   .  
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 A 3 ft length of commercial steel shafting is

to transmit 50 hp at 3600 rpm through
flexible coupling from an AC motor to a DC
generator. What is the nearest standard
shaft size? Take allowable shearing stress
for commercial shafting with keyway to be
6 ksi and the combined shock and fatigue
factor applied to torsional moment is unity.


Ans: 

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 A solid steel shaft having a diameter of 3

in twists through an angle of 5 deg in 20 ft
of length because of the action of a torque.
Determine the maximum shearing stress
in the shaft.
 A. 3550 psi C. 6550 psi
B. 4550 psi D. 8550 psi

Ans:    

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 A 76 mm solid shaft is to be replaced with

a hollow shaft of equal torsional strength.
Find the inside diameter and percentage
of weight saved, if the outside diameter of 
the hollow shaft is 100 mm.
 A. 56.53 % C. 48.49 %
B. 67.31% D. 72.50 %

Ans:   .  %

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 A 20 feet   steel line shaft has no bending

action except its own weight. What power 
in HP can the shaft deliver at a speed of 
360 rpm. Consider that the torsional
deflection will not exceed  0.08 degree per 
ft length.
 A. 100 C. 55
B. 120 D. 135

Ans:   .  
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 A 20 ft steel line shaft has bending action

of pulleys. What power in hp can the shaft
deliver at a speed of 360 rpm. Consider 
that the torsional deflection will not exceed
0.08 deg. per ft length.
 A. 2600 C. 1250
B. 1100 D. 900

Ans:   .  
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Keys
• Are used to prevent relative motion between a
shaft and the connected member through
which torque is being transmitted.
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 A flanged coupling has an outside

diameter of 200 mm and connects two 40
mm shafts. There are four 16 mm bolts on
a 140 mm bolt circle. The radial flanged
thickness is 20 mm. If the torsional stress
in the shaft is not to exceed 26 MPa,
determine the shear stress in the bolts if 
uniformly distributed
 A. 1.2 MPa C. 4.3 MPa
B. 2.9 MPa D. 5.8 MPa
Ans:   .  
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Two   short shafts   having identical

diameters of 38.1 mm and rotating at 400
rpm are connected by a flange coupling
having 4 bolts with a 100 mm bolt circle.
The design shearing stress of the bolt is
12 N/mm2 and the design compressive
stress of the flange is 15 N/mm2 . How
thick should the flange be in mm?
 A. 11.51 mm C. 12.49 mm
B. 13.60 mm D. 15.65 mm
Ans:   .  
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 A flange coupling is to be designed, using

25-mm diameter bolts at a distance of 152
mm from the center of the shaft. Allowable
shearing stress on the bolt is 103 MPa. If 
the shaft is to transmit 5,800 hp at a speed
of 1,200 rpm, how many bolts are needed
in the connection?
 A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5

Ans:    
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-Gary Player