NAME: Guanga, Liegh Ann Dominique C.

COURSE&SECTION: 2 BSED-SCIENCE B
BIO 212: GENETICS
ACTIVITY # 1: Define the following terms:
1. Biotechnology
Is the combination of natural and engineering disciplines to apply organisms,
cells, their components, and molecular equivalents to create goods and
services.
2. Variation
Is the variation in DNA sequences among members of a population. Germ
cells, such as sperm and eggs, as well as somatic (all other) cells, are subject to
variation.
3. Mutation
Is a change to a gene's DNA sequence to produce something different.
4. Inheritance
Refers to a trait or variations that are encoded in DNA and passed along
during reproduction from parent to offspring.
5. Heredity
Is the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are
transmitted from parents to their offspring.
6. Transmission genetics
Is the process that propels evolution where the field of transmission genetics
covers the fundamentals of genetics as well as the transmission of features
from one generation to the next.
7. Molecular Genetics
Molecular genetics can be defined as “the use of recombinant DNA techniques
to manipulate genetic information within and between plants, animals, and
microorganisms” to produce genetically modified organisms.
8. Population genetics
Is a branch of biology that deals with how genetic variations occur within and
between populations.
9. Alleles
Refers to one of two or more DNA sequence variants (a single base or a
segment of nucleotides) at a certain genomic site.
10. Genotype
Is a scoring of the type of variant present at a given location (i.e., a locus) in
the genome. It can be represented by symbols. For example, BB, Bb, and bb
could be used to represent a given variant in a gene.
11. DNA
Is a molecule inside cells that contains the genetic information responsible for
the development and function of an organism.
12. Gene
Is the basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
13. Cell
Are the basic building blocks of all living things.
 14. Chromosome
A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A chromosome is made up of
proteins and DNA organized into genes. Each cell normally contains 23 pairs
of chromosomes.
15. Nucleus
Is the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the
chromosomes.

ANALYSIS:
1. How many of the terms you answered correctly? Which term’s did you have find
difficulties in defining?
I have answered all the following correctly. The term that I have found so
difficult is the definition of “Heredity and Inheritance” because they have the
same meaning.
2. Having defined the common terms in genetics, how important is genetics to your
daily life?
I guess the importance of genetics in my daily life is that genetics help
explains a lot of things about how unique individuality is. Genetics impacts
everything in terms of how our body works. The level of expression, presence
or absence, or mutations in one’s genome affects everything from how our
eyes detect color to how our body processes the food we eat.
3. What is the role of genetics in your pursuit of a carrier of agriculture?
The role of genetics in pursuit of a carrier of agriculture is to protect
potentially essential features that might be employed to fend off an unforeseen
future pest or adjust to the requirements of the global food supply, genetic
diversity is required. Plant breeders use genetic diversity to produce improved
crop varieties with attributes including yield, insect resistance, and
environmental stress.

APPLICATION:
Understanding and Synthesizing,
1. Describe some of the ways in which your own genetic makeup affects you as a
person. Be as specific as you can.
My own genetic makeup affects me in a way that my skin color cannot be
exposed too much to the sun just like my father because even when we get
exposed to too much light our skin becomes red and darker
2. GMO crops such as Bt and glyphosate tolerant corn are now preferred to grow by
farmers in reducing pesticide use. What role did genetics play in the development of
these GMO crops?
I guess in a way that humans have bred animals for thousands of years to alter
their genetic makeup. Over many years, people have deliberately bred things
like corn, cattle, and even dogs to have particular features they want.
3. Find a journal article that covers some aspects of genetics. Briefly summarize the
article. Does this article focus on transmission, molecular, or population genetics?
Human genetics concerns itself with what most of us consider to be the most
interesting species on earth: Homo sapiens. What we learn about human
genetic variation and its sources and transmission inevitably contributes to our
understanding of genetics in general. The study of variation in other species,
then, indefinitely influences our understanding of our own. One reason to
study human genetic variation is the discovery and description of the genetic
contribution to many human diseases. This is an increasingly powerful
motivation in light of our growing understanding of the contribution that genes
make to the development of diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and
diabetes. A second reason for studying human genetics is its practical value
for human welfare; in this sense, it is more an applied science than a
fundamental science. The desire to develop medical practices that can alleviate
the suffering associated with human disease has provided strong support for
basic research. Many basic biological phenomena have been discovered and
described during the course of investigations into particular disease conditions.
A classic example is a piece of knowledge about human sex chromosomes that
was gained through the study of patients with sex chromosome abnormalities.
For one, studying human genetics gives us a powerful tool for understanding
and describing human evolution. At one time, data from physical anthropology
(including information about skin color, body build, and facial traits) was the
only source of information available to scholars interested in tracing human
evolutionary history. Today, researchers have a wealth of genetic data,
including molecular data, to use in their work.