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DE L AY A ND DIS RU PTION IN
CON S TR UCTION CO NTRACTS

FIFTH EDITION
CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE SERIES
Adjudication in Construction Law Remedies in Construction Law

Darryl Royce Roger ter Haar QC and Camilla ter Haar
(2016) (2010)
Chern on Dispute Boards: Practice and Procedure The Law of Construction Disputes
Third Edition Cyril Chern
Cyril Chern (2010)
(2015)
FIDIC Contracts: Law and Practice
Construction Contract Variations Ellis Baker, Ben Mellors, Scott Chalmers
Michael Sergeant and Max Wieliczko and Anthony Lavers
Holman Fenwick Willan LLP (2010)
(2014)
Construction Insurance and UK
Construction Law Construction Contracts
Julian Bailey Marshall Levine and Roger ter Haar QC
(2011) (2009)
DEL AY AND DI SR U P T I O N I N
C ONSTRU C TI O N C O N T R AC T S
ANDREW BURR
(MA) (Cantab), ACIArb, FFAVE, Barrister,
Adjudicator and Arbitrator
with editorial assistance from Annabella Matute Castro
FIFTH ED IT I O N
Fifth edition published 2016
by Informa Law from Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Informa Law from Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2016 Andrew Burr
The right of Andrew Burr to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in
accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or
by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
First edition published by LLP Professional Publishing 1997

Fourth edition published by Sweet and Maxwell 2010
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Delay and disruption in construction contracts. — Fifth Edition.
pages cm. — (Construction practice series)
ISBN 978-1-138-94066-6 (hbk) — ISBN 978-1-315-67395-0 (ebk)
1. Construction contracts. 2. Construction contracts—England.
I. Burr, Andrew editor.
K891.B8D449 2016
343.07′862—dc23
2015033967
ISBN: 978-1-138-94066-6 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-67395-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Plantin
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
CONTENTS
Preface to the fifth edition xx

Acknowledgments to the fifth edition xxiii
Editorial team biographies for the fifth edition xxv
Table of acronyms xxvii
Table of case report references xxxi
Table of cases xxxv
Table of legislation lxvii
Table of contract clauses lxxi
Online Resources xcix
List of figures ci
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGY 1

Introduction 1
Terminology 6
The contractor 6
The developer 6
The contract administrator 7
The works 8
Programme and schedule 8
Critical path 9
Delay 10
Disruption 12
CHAPTER 2 THE RISK OF DEVELOPMENT 13

Introduction 13
Standard form provisions 18
Allocation of risk 23
Project planning and programming risk 26
Legal risk 29
Dispute risk 36
Design risk 39
Buildability risk 43
Biddability risk 43
Construction risk 46
Financial risk 50
v
CONTENTS
Political risk 53
Insurable risk 53
Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012 57
Tortious and statutory duties 58
Introduction 58
The importance of the statutory framework 66
Private nuisance 67
Utilities and statutory undertakers 67
Building control 68
Development control 69
CHAPTER 3 PROJECT PROCUREMENT 71

Introduction 71
CIOB Contract for Use with Complex Projects (CPC 2013) 73
Types of contract 74
Traditional “build-only” contracts 74
“Design and build” contracts 78
“Construction management” contracts 80
“Management contracting” contracts 83
Procurement arrangements 86
Guaranteed maximum price and target costs 86
Partnering and alliancing 87
Private finance initiative and public private partnership 88
CHAPTER 4 STANDARD FORM PROVISIONS FOR TIME

AND COST 91
Introduction 92
Classification of change 94
Standard clauses of delay 100
Acts and/or omissions of the developer 100
Failure to pay 103
Circumstances beyond C’s control 105
Special circumstances 107
Force majeure 107
Errors and inconsistencies 113
Instructed variations and changes 119
Weather 126
Unforeseeable physical conditions 131
Access, ingress and egress 135
Postponement 137
Acts of third parties 139
Nominated subcontractors and suppliers 144
Delay in receiving instructions 147
Quality control 153
Strikes and civil commotion 156
Health and safety 159
Damage caused by carrying out the works 160
vi
CONTENTS
Catastrophes 163
Antiquities 164
Standard provisions for recovery of loss or expense 165
Introduction 165
Compensable events 168
Claims procedure 175
Compensation for disruption to progress 180
Cost and time management in the JCT Major Projects Contract
and the CIOB Complex Projects Contract – a comparative analysis 181
MPC 181
CPC 188
Differences between MPC and CPC 192
CHAPTER 5 NOTICES, CLAIMS AND EARLY WARNINGS 196

Introduction 196
Early warnings 197
Notices 198
Nature of the notice 199
Form of notice 202
Constructive notice 204
Contents of notice 205
Period of notice 210
Second notices 215
Waiver of notice 217
Service of notice 219
Notice as a condition precedent 224
Extension of time conditional upon notice 224
Compensation conditional upon notice 234
CHAPTER 6 EXTENSIONS OF TIME AND TIME AT LARGE 238

Extensions of time 238
Introduction 238
The role of the contract administrator 241
Likely and actual delay to the completion date 245
Forming an opinion 249
Negotiating an award 257
The timing of an award 259
Reviewing an award 263
Developer’s time risk event occurring in period of culpable
delay to the completion date 265
Time at large 268
Where there is no contract 268
Where there is no contract completion date under the contract 270
When completion is prevented 270
Where there is no power to extend time 277
Where the power to extend time is inoperable 278
Assessing a reasonable time to complete 281
vii
CONTENTS
Where there is no contract 285

Where there is no completion date under the contract 287
Where there is a stipulated contract period 289
CHAPTER 7 PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING 290

Introduction 290
Planning 295
Familiarisation 297
Outline plan 297
Strategic plan 297
Detailed plan 298
Programming 298
Varieties of programme 299
Introduction 299
Baseline and target programmes 300
The development programme 304
The tender programme 304
The working programme 305
The occupational programme 307
The as-built programme 308
Subcontractors’ programmes 309
Programme preparation 311
The critical path method 311
The contract period 316
Early completion 317
Milestones, key dates and sectional completion 320
Work content 323
Logical relationships 325
Activity durations 330
Calculating durations 333
Project planning method statements 338
Standard form requirements for programmes 343
The programme as a contract document 354
Specifying the programme requirements 356
Pricing the programme requirements 360
CHAPTER 8 PRESENTATION AND APPROVAL

OF PROGRAMMES 363
Introduction 363
Bar chart 366
Flow chart 368
Line-of-balance chart 368
Time chainage diagram 370
Milestone programme and chart 370
Network diagrams 371
viii
CONTENTS
Arrow diagram 372

Precedence diagram 373
Cascade diagram 374
The initial programme 374
Programme approval, acceptance and rejection 375
CHAPTER 9 REVISING, UPDATING, MONITORING

AND REPORTING 385
Introduction 385
Programme revision 400
Programme updating 405
Progress monitoring 410
Target CPM programme monitoring 411
Resource monitoring 412
Cash flow monitoring 414
Cost monitoring 415
Earned value monitoring 417
Milestone monitoring 417
Bar chart monitoring 418
Count the squares chart monitoring 419
Jagged line monitoring 420
Work content monitoring 422
Progress reporting 424
Visual aids 426
CHAPTER 10 PROJECT CONTROL 429

Introduction 429
Forecasting delay 431
The SCL Protocol 432
The change management supplements 442
The management information structure 443
Definitions 443
The programme 444
Electronic submittals 445
Progress records 446
Key dates 446
Roles and relationships 447
Managing the effect of change 449
First step – programme update 451
Second step – programme review for better information 452
Third step – recovery 452
Potential fourth step – event impacting 453
Potential fifth step – acceleration 453
ix
CONTENTS
Calculating time-related compensation 454

Identifying the cost of project controls 454
Redress for a failure to comply 455
CHAPTER 11 MITIGATION, RECOVERY AND ACCELERATION 457

Introduction 457
Constructive acceleration 480
Constructive acceleration as a legal doctrine 481
Initiation of grounds for construction acceleration 483
Conduct requiring acceleration 484
The mechanics of constructive acceleration 489
Methods of recovery and acceleration 493
Omissions 495
Changing the sequence of activities 496
Other logic changes 498
Using a different method of working 499
Increasing motivation 499
Increasing resources 499
Increasing the working time 500
Failure to recover or to accelerate 503
CHAPTER 12 VARIATION AND CHANGE 509

Introduction 509
The bill of quantities 528
Ambiguities, discrepancies and divergences 536
Omissions 543
Value engineering 546
Constructive change 547
Constructive change of quality 552
Constructive change of quantity 555
Consequential changes 556
CHAPTER 13 CONSTRUCTION RECORDS 557

Introduction 558
Record keeping 558
Progress records 562
Change control 564
Record retrieval 568
Electronic data exchange 569
Building Information Modelling 573
The acronym 574
Definition 574
What’s involved and how does it differ from “conventional” practice? 575
x
CONTENTS
Levels of BIM maturity 576

What is arguably not BIM? 576
Perceived benefits of working in a BIM environment 577
Perceived barriers against BIM adoption 577
Collaboration 578
Legal, contractual and insurance issues 578
Use and management of information 579
Investment 579
Overcoming the barriers 580
Key documents 580
Case studies 580
Standard forms of contract 581
What does BIM mean for claims and disputes? 583
Retrieval of information 583
Communication of information 584
Case law 584
Conclusion 584
Independent information management 585
Presentation of evidence 595
Oral evidence 595
Documentary evidence 596
Database records 598
Computer generated evidence 600
Factors influencing the evidentiary strength of records 602
Getting at the facts of delay 603
Retrospective assembly of evidence 603
Manual sorting of evidence 605
Multi-volume collections 605
Single-volume tagged collections 606
Sorting evidence on databases 607
Discovery, disclosure and inspection 611
Disclosure of electronic documents 616
Disclosure of experts’ documents 618
Disclosure of privileged communications 619
CHAPTER 14 CAUSE AND EFFECT 623

Introduction 624
The three-part chain of causation 630
Primary causation – occurrence of a causal event 631
Voluntary or implied variations and other
instructed changes 632
Expenditure of prime cost and provisional sums 633
Developer’s acts or omissions 636
Acts or omissions of third parties 639
xi
CONTENTS
Other occurrences 641

Secondary causation – a delay to progress of the works 641
Instructed variations 645
Suspension of the works 646
Failure to perform 647
Tertiary causation – delay to completion of the works 649
Proof of causation 654
Introduction 654
The terms of the contract 655
Completion is likely to be delayed 656
Completion is likely to be, or has been, delayed 657
Completion has been delayed 658
Whatever is fair and reasonable 659
The subject-matter of the proof 660
The factual materials available 662
Proportionality 663
Illustrating inference 668
Introduction 668
Cause and effect matrix 671
Scott Schedules 672
Graphs and histograms 674
Bar charts 675
As-planned versus as-built 677
Collapsing technique 681
Visualisations 682
Smoke and mirrors 682
CHAPTER 15 FORENSIC PROGRAMME ANALYSIS 687

Introduction 687
Preparing the materials 693
The planned programme 693
Correcting the planned programme 694
Updating the planned programme with progress 698
The as-built schedule 700
Analytical methods 703
As-planned versus as-built 703
As-planned updated versus as-planned updated 706
As-planned impacted 708
Collapsed as-built 716
Time impact analysis 723
Windows and watersheds 727
CHAPTER 16 FLOAT AND TIME CONTINGENCIES 730

Introduction 730
Float 732
Free float 733
Independent float 734
xii
CONTENTS
Interfering float 734

Total float 735
Negative float 739
Time contingencies 739
Who owns the float? 745
Potential ambiguities between free float and contingency 746
Ad hoc creation of total float 749
Interpretation of total float as contingency 751
Example 1 – absence of completion constraint on planned work 752
Example 2 – applied completion 752
Example 3 – non-driving link between applied constraints 752
Example 4 – applied fixed lag between unconstrained
milestones 753
Example 5 – time contingency activity 753
Example 6 – contract duration bar 754
Total float belongs to D 754
Total float belongs to C 755
Total float belongs to the first to get to it 757
CHAPTER 17 DISRUPTION TO PROGRESS AND LOST

PRODUCTIVITY 762
Introduction 763
Productivity 765
Resource-based planning 768
The importance of records 770
Conditions causing lost productivity 771
Staffing 772
Variations 773
Recovery and acceleration 775
Errors and omissions 777
Partial possession 777
Adverse weather 778
Loss of morale 780
Extended working hours 780
Reassignment of manpower 781
Dilution of supervision 783
Learning curve 783
Logistics and site restrictions 784
Ripple 785
Trade stacking 786
The analysis of lost productivity 786
A worked example 787
Planned versus actual 789
Industry productivity norms versus actual 790
Historic versus actual 792
Benchmark data versus actual 793
xiii
CONTENTS
Actual impacted versus actual unimpacted 794

The basic approach 795
Modified measured mile approach 796
Accounting for the effects of separate events 797
Judicial consideration of the measured mile approach 799
Expert opinion 802
CHAPTER 18 CONCURRENCY, PARALLELISM AND PACING 803

Concurrency 804
Introduction 804
The parties 806
Entitlement 807
Distinguishing a delay to progress from a delay to completion 807
Distinguishing primary, secondary and tertiary causation 807
Distinguishing concurrent and parallel delays 808
Distinguishing concurrent and sequential delays 809
Distinguishing concurrent and pacing delays to progress 809
Distinguishing the timing of primary cases 810
Legal concepts of relief and compensation 810
Distinguishing delay and financial loss 812
Concurrency and delay to progress 812
Concurrent delays to progress 812
Sequential delays to progress 814
Parallel delays to progress 817
Concurrency and extensions of time 818
Concurrent delays to completion 818
Sequential causes of delay to completion 821
C must pay liquidated damages for all the delay to completion,
if it cannot show for which part, if any, C is not responsible 821
D is not entitled to any liquidated damages at all, because it is,
at least in part, responsible 821
C must pay all the liquidated damages, unless it can show for
which part of the delay to completion D was responsible 822
D is not entitled to any liquidated damages at all unless it can
show for which part of the delay to completion C is responsible 823
Parallel cause of delay to completion 824
Concurrency and prolongation 825
Concurrent causes of prolongation 825
Sequential causes of prolongation 827
Parallel cause of prolongation 827
Concurrency and pacing 828
CHAPTER 19 TOTAL TIME, TOTAL LOSS AND GLOBAL CLAIMS 833

Introduction 833
Total time claim 837
Defence to a total time claim 838
xiv
CONTENTS
Total loss claim 838

Defence to a total loss claim 841
Global claims 844
Defence to a global claim 850
CHAPTER 20 APPORTIONMENT 855

Introduction 855
Apportioning delay to completion 859
Apportioning loss and/or expense 864
Methods of apportionment of loss or expense 865
The tortious solution 866
The burden of proof approach 866
The Devlin approach 867
The dominant cause approach 867
Jury verdict approach 869
The modified “global claim” approach 869
The “A/B estimates” approach 870
The “delta estimates” approach 870
The modified “total cost” approach 870
The “City Inn” approach 871
The net effect approach 873
CHAPTER 21 DAMAGES 874

Introduction 875
Entitlement to compensation 878
Potential heads of claim 884
Direct labour costs 885
Non-productive overtime 887
Staff costs 890
Management costs 892
Goods and materials 894
Plant and equipment 895
Loss of productivity 897
Temporary works 898
Preliminaries 898
Head office costs 901
Insurances 903
Financing costs 903
Profit on costs 908
Loss of future profits 908
Unabsorbed overheads 910
Formula adjustments 914
1. The contractor has actually suffered loss, or expense 918
2. The loss or expense has not been recovered elsewhere 919
3. The loss or expense incurred during the period of delay
has remained unabsorbed 919
xv
CONTENTS
4. It is impossible, or unreasonably burdensome, to

calculate the loss or expense without resorting to a
“formula” approach 919
The Eichleay formula 921
The Hudson formula 923
The Emden formula 923
Other formulae 923
Quantum meruit 924
Developer’s damages 931
Liquidated damages 936
An exclusive remedy 939
Penalties 940
Failure to quantify 944
Quantifying predictive loss 946
Exclusion clauses 953
CHAPTER 22 SETTLEMENTS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION 961

Introduction 961
Costs 963
Claim preparation 965
In-house 966
Claims consultants 967
Experts 968
Settlement 979
Duress 982
Misrepresentation and fraud 985
Dispute resolution 988
Non-binding 989
Mediation 990
Conciliation 991
Non-binding or final and binding 992
Expert determination 992
Adjudication 997
Final and binding 1002
Arbitration 1002
Litigation 1004
Statements of case 1011
Claim 1013
Defence 1015
Counterclaim 1015
Reply and defence to counterclaim 1017
Amendment of statements of case 1017
Request for further information 1019
Striking out statements of case 1019
xvi
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 23 ADJUDICATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 1023

Introduction 1023
Update on adjudication in the United Kingdom 1024
Limitation periods 1024
Complex decisions and human rights aspects 1024
Costs and interest 1024
Definition of a construction contract 1025
Sequential adjudications and single disputes 1025
Complex decisions and human rights aspects 1025
Costs and interest 1029
Definition of a construction contract 1031
Residential occupiers 1034
Sequential adjudications and single disputes 1035
Recovering adjudication costs 1039
CHAPTER 24 DISPUTE BOARDS 1043

Introduction 1043
Dispute boards in context 1044
The advantages of dispute boards 1046
Standing or ad hoc dispute boards 1048
DRBs, DABs and CDBs 1051
Dispute board rules 1052
Independence of the dispute board members 1053
Dispute board operations 1054
Enforcement of dispute board decisions 1056
Referral to a dispute board prior to arbitration 1058
Costs of dispute boards 1059
National and international developments 1060
CHAPTER 25 MANDATORY LAWS IN INTERNATIONAL

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS 1062
Introduction 1062
Private international law 1064
Time-bar clauses 1066
Liquidated damages 1067
Taking-over (practical completion) 1068
Decennial liability 1070
APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 1073
APPENDIX 2 TYPES OF DOCUMENT 1097
APPENDIX 3 THE SOCIETY OF CONSTRUCTION LAW

DELAY AND DISRUPTION PROTOCOL:
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS 1103
xvii
CONTENTS
APPENDIX 4 SELECTING THE APPROPRIATE DELAY

ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY: A DECISION-
MAKING MODEL FOR FACILITATING
THE PROCESS 1127
Index 1137
xviii
Per Alexander Matteo, Thomas Jacopo e Alice
PR E FAC E TO T H E FIFT H ED IT ION
The fourth edition of Delay and Disruption in Construction Contracts by Keith Pickavance
LLB (Hons), Dip Arch, Dip IC Arb, RIBA, PPCIOB was published by Sweet and
Maxwell/Thomson Reuters (Legal) Limited in 2010, with editorial assistance from
Andrew Burr MA (Cantab), ACI Arb, Barrister, Nick Lane (then at Olswang, London)
and David Tyerman MBA, LLM, Planning Director.
Since that time, a considerable amount of water has flowed under the construction law
bridge. A number of important judgments have been handed down in the Technology and
Construction Court (TCC) (both in London and throughout England and Wales), the
Scottish judiciary (thankfully, still within a part of the United Kingdom!) have remained
active in the field and civil courts worldwide appear ever more acutely aware of the necessity
to develop a coherent body of case law, which can be accessed by an increasingly “interweb
savvy” global construction bar, ever eager to draw cross-legal–cultural comparisons, where
appropriate and relevant (hence the conscious decision to appoint several civil lawyers and
international correspondents to the team of specialist advisory editors). We have endeavoured
to reflect case law developments by the use of illustrations throughout the text.
Probably the most significant construction law decision in England and Wales in the
last five years has been Akenhead J’s 660 paragraph tour de force in Walter Lilly and Co
Ltd v Mackay1, which merits detailed consideration for its masterful dissection of the
JCT standard form of building contract 1998 edition private without quantities (incor-
porating various specific amendments), as modified by the contractor’s designed portion
supplement without quantities 1998 edition (revised November 2003) as amended
([102]–[126]), the JCT extension of time provisions ([362]–[392]), including a discus-
sion of “criticality” [379], “prospective” versus “retrospective” analysis [380] and the
carrying out by experts of “cross checks” [381], the quantification of loss and expense
under the JCT contract ([461]–[473]), “global” (or “total”) cost claims ([474]–[508]),
head office overheads and profit ([540]–[554]), reasonable settlement ([562]–[569])
and contractual and statutory interest ([650]–[657]).
As observed by the learned judge at first instance2, the project in question was almost
certainly a “disaster waiting to happen” and the Court of Appeal paid notably short
shrift to the subsequent attempt to overturn Akenhead J’s sterling judgment3.
1 [2012] EWHC 1773 (TCC).

2 [2012] EWHC 1773 (TCC), at [1].
3 By way of postscript, the London Evening Standard reported on 9 April 2015 that the site upon
which Mr Mackay’s property was built was purchased in 2001 by three developers (including
Mr Mackay) for £13m. They accepted Walter Lilly & Co’s tender to build three houses on the site for
£15.3m. In December 2014, one of the three houses was sold to a Bermuda-registered company for
£51.17m (with stamp duty of £7.6m and an Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings of £218,000).
xx
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION
Of similar (but perhaps marginally less well-publicised) intensity and scholarship is

Ramsey J’s decision in Vivergo Fuels Ltd v Redhall Engineering Solutions Ltd 4. Again, the
following paragraphs of his judgment should probably be required reading for any
serious practitioner, or student, of construction law: [343]–[375] (material breach:
programming), [376]–[407] (failure to proceed regularly and diligently), [408]–[420]
(notices: the law), [421]–[498] (notices: failure to proceed regularly and diligently),
[504]–[513] (repudiatory breach) and [514]–[519] (acceptance thereof ).
As regards recent amendments and revisions to the standard forms of construction
contract so comprehensively reviewed and analysed by Mr Pickavance in the fourth edi-
tion, there has been insufficient time in which to update his masterful cross-referencing
service. This will be attempted for the Supplement to the fifth edition, but, meantime,
Mr Pickavance (together with Mr Lane) has himself kindly provided a comparison of the
CIOB Complex Projects Contract (the CPC) (drafted by himself, Mr Lane and others)
with the JCT Major Projects Form (the MPF). This follows their Construction Law Journal
article5, comparing and contrasting the CPC with the MPF, which article also comes
highly recommended. As regards other contracts, the following table may assist readers:
Contract Website Publisher
ECC3 – April 2013 update http://www.netcontract.com/ Institute of Civil

products/bookshop_main.asp?page= Engineers
Bookshop_main.asp&ISBN=9780727
758675&NEC=True&UK4TJTV63Y
D2CH5XUFYH=.aspx?page=1
ICE7 – now equals ACE/ www.acenet.co.uk/infrastructureconditi CECA
CECA onsofcontract/65f
Infrastructure Conditions of
Contract (2011)
IChemE – now 5th edition, www.icheme.org/shop/books/contracts/ Institute of Chemical
2013 (the International Red printable%20forms-of-contract- Engineers
Book,1st edition was 2007, electronic-redbook-uk5th-edition.aspx
but that is not mentioned in
the table)
IGBW09 http://constructionprocurement. Construction
gov.ie/contracts/ Procurement NPPU,
Department of Public
Expenditure and Reform
JCT 2011 revisions http://www.jctltd.co.uk/cdm- JCT
amendment-sheets.aspx
MF/1 – Revision 5,2010 http://www.theiet.org/resources/books/ Institute of Engineering
model/mf1-explanation.cfm?type=pdf and Technology
NZ03- NZS 3910 2013 http://shop.standards.co.nz/catalog/ New Zealand Standard
3910:2013(NZS)/view Council
SGC95–6th edition, http://www.bca.gov.sg/PSSCOC/ Building and Construction
December 2008 others/1_psscoc_ConstnWks.pdf Authority, Singapore
SIA80–9th edition, http://www.sia.org.sg/building- Singapore Architects
September 2010 contracts/109-main-contract-lump-sg Association
4 [2013] EWHC 4030 (TCC).

5 (2015) 31 Const LJ 295.
xxi
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION
This fifth edition also includes a significantly expanded section on “Building Informa-
tion Modelling”, contributed by David-John Gibbs, an up-and-coming expert in the
field (and which has also appeared recently as an article in Construction Law Journal 6).
February 2013 saw the publication by the Task Force of Building Information Model-
ling of a range of contractual and related documents relevant to the United Kingdom
government’s intention to require the use of collaborative 3D BIM on all its projects
by 2016. These documents include the CIC Building Information Model (BIM) Protocol
(CIC/BIM Pro, first edition February 2013), a supplemental document to be incorpo-
rated into professional services appointments and construction contracts: see the website7
for the Task Force’s guidance on the use of the protocol8. The BIM protocol creates an
Information management role and a Scope of Services for Information Management
was also published (again, see the website9). Careful consideration needs to be given
when incorporating the protocol into standard form contracts in order to ensure con-
sistency with existing terms. The Task Force has also published the BIM Employer’s
Information Requirements (EIR), which are intended to form part of the appointment
and tender documents on BIM projects: see the website for the EIR to cover the
employer’s technical, management and commercial requirements for a project10.
BS1192:2007 (entitled “Collaborative Production of Architectural, Engineering and Con-
struction Information” in its 2012 update) is a Code of Practice providing guidance on
the technical aspects of the structuring and exchange of CAD data, as well as how to
implement collaborative work. The Task Force has publisher the PAS1192-2 Specifica-
tion for information exchanges specific to a BIM environment to supplement the
BS1192:2007: see the website for further guidance11.
Due to uncertainties as to how existing professional insurance arrangements may
respond to projects using collaborative 3D BIM to maturity level 2, the Task Force
also published a Best Practice Guide for Professional Indemnity Insurance when using
Building Information Models (CIC/BIM Ins, first edition February 2013): again, see
online12. It is recommended that policyholders should check their cover with their
broker prior to entering into contracts where BIM processes are being used.
Furthermore, there is an expanded commentary on adjudication in the United Kingdom
(again in a new chapter), a new chapter on dispute boards (by Chris Miers) and a new
chapter on the civil law dynamic (by Wolfgang Breyer). Finally, there are two new appendices,
comprising Julian Bailey’s seminal analysis of the SCL Protocol and Nuhu Braimah’s excel-
lent discussion of his model for the selection of an appropriate method of delay analysis.
As Keith Pickavance put it so eloquently in his Introduction to the third edition of this
book: “The result has been a team effort but, in the event that nonetheless it could be
improved upon, then that is my fault.” Put another way, as Simon and Garfunkel might
have sung (back in the day): “All my words come back to me, in shades of mediocrity”.
Atkin Chambers, 1 Atkin Building, Gray’s Inn, London, WC1R 5AT,

31 December 2014,
Andrew Burr,
aburr@atkinchambers.com
6 (2015) 31 Const LJ 167

7 BIM Task Group: www.bimtaskgroup.org/
8 Protocol: www.bimtaskgroup.org/bim-protocol
9 Scope of Services for Information Management: www.bimtaskgroup.org/bim-protocol
10 EIR cover: www.bimtaskgroup.org/bim-eirs
11 PAS: www.bimtaskgroup.org/pas11922-overview/
12 Best Practice Guide: www.bimtaskgroup.org/professional-service-indemnity-insurance-guidance/
xxii
AC KN OW LED G M EN T S TO
T H E F I F T H ED IT ION
In his effusive review13 of the fourth edition of this publication, John Dorter (the renowned
Australian construction lawyer and editor of Building and Construction Law Journal (BCLJ))
wrote as follows:
“What a wonderful, well-rounded and in-depth work this very authoritative text has matured
into.
The very learned author has given the profession a splendid encyclopaedia on not just
his vast expertise in respect of delay and disruption but also in respect of the several relevant
risk categories…
The treatment of time and cost is far from just theoretical; quite to the contrary, there
is very helpful advice on the necessity for appropriate and proper drafting, well illustrated
by quotation from Pascal, viz: ‘words differently arranged have a different meaning, and
meanings differently arranged have different effects…’
The treatment of authorities is both well up to date and extensive…
Construction lawyers and others will be greatly helped in the fundamental issues of cause
and effect…
Similar significance in more recent times of proportionality is recognised and well
covered.
The author’s great expertise in respect of float is not only well known but exemplified
in almost every aspect…
The ripple effect is dealt with, including the healthy reminder that the ‘ripple effect works
both ways’. The fine analysis of the many aspects of delay includes the reminder of the
distinction between concurrency and parallelism.
Global claims and their related ones are also well analysed…
Technically, the publication is very considerably enhanced. For example, despite the unfor-
tunate modern trend to a brief and mechanical index, this one is detailed and very helpful”.
Keith Pickavance is an extremely “hard act” to follow, but the new editorial team
wish him all the very best in his well-deserved retirement with Roz on Providenciales,
Turks and Caicos, and will do their level best to emulate the breadth and depth of his
coverage of the above topics, which are central to every commercial construction lawyer,
both in the United Kingdom and abroad (as so eloquently described by Mr Dorter).
The “new kids on the block” are led by Andrew Burr (barrister, arbitrator and
adjudicator, at Atkin Chambers, Gray’s Inn, and general and articles editor of Construc-
tion Law Journal), assisted by Annabella Matute-Castro (a qualified foreign lawyer, with
the right to advocate at the Supreme Court in Peru).
The expert team of specialist advisory editors now comprises Francis Barber (insurance)
(of Cunningham Lindsey, London), Wolfgang Breyer (civil law) (of Breyer Rechtsanwälte,
Stuttgart), Steve Briggs (time) (of Hill International, London), Joe Castellano (North
13 (2013) 29 Const LJ 186, first published in BCLJ and reprinted with kind permission.
xxiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE FIFTH EDITION
America) (of FTI Consulting, New York), David-John Gibbs (BIM), Wendy MacLaughlin
(Pacific Rim) (of Hill International, Perth), Chris Miers (dispute boards) (of Probyn-Miers,
London), Robert Palles-Clark (quantum) (of Blackrock PM, London) and Keith Picka-
vance (of Providenciales, Turks and Caicos). Stuart Wilks (of Hill International, London)
has provided invaluable administrative support, as has Andrew Burrows, Mr Burr’s Practice
Manager at Atkin Chambers. Joshua Wells at the new publishers has given first-rate
encouragement. Last (but by no means least), Freda Broderick and Doreen Bruce (of
Atkin Chambers, Gray’s Inn) have managed (as always) to decipher Mr Burr’s hieroglyph-
ics in order to produce the manuscript, any and all remaining errors being those of him
alone.
xxiv
E DI TO R I A L T E A M B IOG R A P HIES
FO R T H E F I F T H ED IT ION
Francis Barber is a chartered civil engineer and chartered insurance loss adjuster,
who has worked in the field of engineering insurance for over 30 years and has written
and lectured extensively on the topic of delay insurance.
Steve Briggs is a Senior Vice President with Hill International (London), having over
30 years of consulting experience. He has completed over 200 appointments as expert
witness on planning- and delay-related issues and has written and presented a variety
of published articles on these subjects. Steve was one of the leading protagonists in
the Great Delay Analysis Debate, first held at King’s College, London.
Wolfgang Breyer is the founder of Breyer Rechtsanwälte in Stuttgart, Germany. He

specialises in international construction law and has lectured and written extensively on
this topic, with a particular emphasis upon the civil law approach and FIDIC contracts.
Andrew Burr is a barrister, arbitrator and adjudicator, having been a member of Atkin
Chambers since 1983. He specialises primarily in construction and technology matters
and is also an affiliated foreign lawyer with Varul (Vilnius, Lithuania). Andrew is a past
chair of the European Branch of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and has worked
throughout Europe and internationally on a wide range of construction and infrastruc-
ture matters. He is general and articles editor of Construction Law Journal and recently
sat on the advisory committee for the revision of the ICC’s Dispute Board Rules.
Andrew is a listed arbitrator at the Beijing Arbitration Commission and the Vilnius
Court of International Arbitration and is a member of the Independent Standards
Board of the International Mediation Institute. Andrew was assistant editor of the third
and fourth editions of this publication.
Joe Castellano specialises as expert witness in the proof of quantum claims, working out
of the New York office of FTI Consulting. He has many years’ experience in the field.
David-John Gibbs holds a master’s degree in civil engineering and is undertaking an

engineering doctorate at Loughborough University, with industrial support from DAQS
Ltd and Hill International. His research investigates how BIM can assist with the
proactive management and retrospective analysis of delays on construction projects.
Wendy MacLaughlin is a forensic delay analyst, based at the Hill International office
in Perth, Australia. Wendy has extensive experience of giving expert testimony before
dispute boards and international arbitration tribunals, under the ICC, LCIA and other
institutional rules.
xxv
EDITORIAL TEAM BIOGRAPHIES FOR THE FIFTH EDITION
Chris Miers is principal of Probyn-Miers, one of the UK’s leading firms of forensic
architects. Chris has many years’ experience in expert witness work, sits on the DRBF
Council and practises extensively on dispute boards, particularly in South America.
Rob Palles-Clark is a director of Blackrock Project Management in London and has

a broad practice as an independent expert on time and money issues, having particular
expertise in the analysis and proof of quantum claims.
Keith Pickavance is a chartered architect with over 40 years’ experience in construction

management, risk management and delay and disruption analysis in various industries.
He is a past President of the CIOB, for whom he recently authored the Complex Projects
Contracts. Keith was the author of the first four editions of this publication.
xxvi
TA B L E O F AC RON Y M S
A201/07 AIA Standard Form of Building Contract, 2007.

A201/97 AIA Standard Form of Building Contract, 1997.
A201SC/07.07 AIA Federal Supplementary Conditions of Contract, 2007.
AACE Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineers International.
ACA Association of Consultant Architects.
ACA82 ACA Building Contract 1982 Edition, 1992 Revision.
ACA98 ACA Building Contract, 1998 Edition, 1999 Revision.
ADM Arrow Diagramming Method.
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution.
AIA American Institute of Architects.
AS2124 Australian Standard Conditions of Contract 4th Edition. 1992 Edition,
2000 Revision.
AS4000 Australian Standard Conditions of Contract 1997 Edition, 2000 Revision.
ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers.
BOO Build, Own and Operate, a form of arrangement for securing private
finance for public projects.
BOOT Build, Own, Operate and Transfer, a form of arrangement for securing
private finance for public projects.
BOT Build, Operate and Transfer, a form of arrangement for securing private
finance for public projects.
C Contractor (and, where the context requires it, the claimant).
C21/03 Government of New South Wales, General Condition of Contract.
C21/09 New South Wales Government GC21 (Edition 1) General Conditions of
Contract July 2003 including revisions to October 6, 2009.
CA Contract Administrator.
CDM Construction, Design and Management Regulations, 2007.
CE06 JCT Constructing Excellence Contract, 2006 Edition, 2009 Revision.
CIOB Chartered Institute of Building.
CM08 JCT Construction Manager Appointment, 2008.
CMS PFE Change Management Supplements, for use with the 1998 Edition of
JCT contracts, 2003, Pickavance Consulting and Fenwick-Elliott.
CPM Critical Path Method.
CPR Civil Procedure Rules.
CTS “Count the Squares”, The Central Unit on Purchasing Guidance No
7, Project Sponsorship: Planning and Progress (1986, Central Unit on
Purchasing, HM Treasury).
DAB Dispute Adjudication Board.
DB05 JCT Standard Form of Design and Build Contract, 2005 Edition, 2009
Revision.
xxvii
TABLE OF ACRONYMS
DBFO Design, Build, Finance and Operate, a form of arrangement for securing
private finance for public projects.
DCMF Design, Construct, Manage and Finance, a form of arrangement for
securing private finance for public projects.
DOM/1 JCT Standard Form of Sub-Contract for Domestic Subcontractors for
use with JCT98
DRB Dispute Review Board.
ECC2 NEC Engineering and Construction Contract, 2nd Edition 1995, 1998
Revision.
ECC3 NEC Engineering and Construction Contract, 3rd Edition. 2005.
Eng Engineer
EVA Earned Value Analysis.
EVM Earned Value Management.
FIDIC Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils.
FIDIC/Build98 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Building and Engineering Works
Designed by the Employer, Test Edition 1998 (the “Red Book”).
FIDIC/Build99 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Building and Engineering Works
Designed by the Employer, 1st Edition 1999 (the “Red Book”).
FIDIC/DB95 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Design-Build and Turnkey, First Edition,
1995 (the “Orange Book”).
FIDIC/DB99 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Design Build and Turnkey, First Edition,
1999 (the “Silver Book”).
FIDIC/M&E87 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Works,
3rd Edition, 1987, 1988 Revision (the “Yellow Book”).
FIDIC/PD + B99 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build for electrical and
mechanical plant and for building and engineering works (the “Yellow Book”).
FIDIC/SF98 FIDIC Short Form of Contract for projects of relatively small value
(the “Green Book”).
FIDIC4 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering
Construction, 4th Edition 1987, 1992 Revision, (the “Red Book”).
GC/Works/1 General Conditions of Contract for Building & Civil Engineering – Lump
Sum with Quantities, 3rd Edition. 1989, 1990 Revision, Department of
the Environment.
GC/Works/1/98 General Conditions of Contract for Building & Civil Engineering – Major
Works with Quantities, 1998. Property Advisers to the Civil Estate,
Central Advice Unit.
GC/Works/1DB General Conditions of Contract for Building & Civil Engineering –
Design & Build Version, 1993. Department of the Environment.
GC/Works/1DB98 Contract for Building & Civil Engineering – Design & Build Version,
1998. Property Advisers to the Civil Estate, Central Advice Unit.
GC/Works/2 General Conditions of Contract for Building & Civil Engineering – Minor
Works, Second Edition, 1980 (revised 1989). Department of the Environment.
GC/Works/2/98 General Conditions of Contract for Building and Civil Engineering – Minor
Works, 1998. Property Advisers to the Civil Estate, Central Advice Unit.
GMP Guaranteed Maximum Price.
HGCRA Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996.
HK05 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of
China, General Conditions of Contract for Building Works, 2005.
HK86 Standard Form of Building Contract with Quantities, 1986, 1999
Revision, RICS Hong Kong,
HKGC99 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of
China, General Conditions of Contract for Civil Engineering Works, 1999.
HMSO Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
xxviii
TABLE OF ACRONYMS
ICE Institute of Civil Engineers.

ICE/DC ICE Design and Construct Conditions of Contract, 6th Edition, 1993,
1998 Revision.
ICE/DC01 ICE Design and Construct Conditions of Contract, Measurement
2nd Edition, 2001.
ICE/MW95 ICE Conditions of Contract – Minor Works, 2nd Edition, 1995, 1998 Revision.
ICE6 ICE Conditions of Contract, 6th Edition, 1991, 1998 Revision.
ICE7 ICE Conditions of Contract, Measurement Version, 7th Edition, 1999.
IChemE Institute of Chemical Engineers lump sum contract, 4th Edition, 2001
(the “Red Book”).
ID Identity Data.
IFC05 JCT Intermediate Building Contract, 2005 Edition, 2009 Revision.
IFC84 JCT Intermediate Form of Building Contract, 1984 Edition, 1995 Revision.
IFC98 JCT Intermediate Form of Building Contract, 1998.
IFWCD/05 JCT Intermediate Building Contract, With Contractor’s Design, 2005
Edition, 2009 Revision.
IGBW/09 Irish Government Public Works Contract for Building Works Designed by
the Employer, 2009.
IGCE/09 Irish Government Public Works Contract for Civil Engineering Works
Designed by the Employer, 2009.
IGCEDB/09 Irish Government Public Works Contract for Civil Engineering Works
Designed by the Contractor, 2009.
IGDB/09 Irish Government Public Works Contract for Building Works Designed by
the Contractor, 2009.
IGMW/09 Irish Government Public Works Contract for Minor Works, 2009.
IRS Information Release Schedule (issued by D), or Information Required
Schedule (issued by C), as the sense requires it.
JCT Joint Contracts Tribunal.
JCT05 JCT Standard Form of Building Contract – Private with Quantities, 2005
Edition, 2009 Revision.
JCT63 JCT Standard Form of Building Contract, Private Edition with
Quantities, 1963, 1976 Revision.
JCTSub/05 JCT Standard form of subcontract, 2005 Edition, 2009 Revision.
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas.
M&E Mechanical and Electrical.
MC Management Contractor.
MC08 JCT Management Building Contract, 2008.
MC87 JCT Standard Form of Management Contract, 1987.
MC98 JCT Standard Form of Management Contract, 1998.
MF/1 Institution of Engineering and Technology, Model Form 1, lump sum
contract, 4th Edition, 2000.
MP05 JCT Major Projects Construction Contract 2005 Edition, 2009 Revision.
MTC08 JCT Standard Form of Measured Term Contract, 2008.
MTC89 JCT Standard Form of Measured Term Contract, 1989 Edition 1994 Revision.
MWA05 JCT Agreement for Minor Building Works, 2005 Edition, 2009 Revision.
MWA80 JCT Agreement for Minor Building Works, 1980 Edition, 1994 Revision.
MWA98 JCT Agreement for Minor Building Works, 1998.
xxix
TABLE OF ACRONYMS
NEC An ICE form of contract written in the present tense, in which the parties
agree to work in a spirit of mutual trust and good faith.
NEC/SF99 NEC Short Form 1999.
NEDO The National Economic Development Office.
NPO Non-Productive Overtime.
NRM RICS, New Rules of Measurement: Order of Cost Estimating and
Elemental Cost Planning, 2009.
NS Nominated Subcontractor
NZ03 New Zealand Standard Form of Contract for Building and Civil
Engineering Work, NZS 3910:2003.
OGC Office of Government Commerce.
PCC06 JCT Prime Cost Building Contract, 2006, Revision 2, 2009.
PCC92 JCT Standard Form of Prime Cost Contract, 1992 Edition, 1995 Revision.
PCC98 JCT Standard Form of Prime Cost Contract, 1998.
PDM Precedence Diagramming Method.
PERT Programme Evaluation and Review Technique.
PFI Private Finance Initiative.
PM Project manager.
PMI Project Management Institute.
PMICoS Project Management Institute, College of Scheduling.
PPC2000 ACA Standard Form of Contract for Project Partnering, 2000, 2008
Edition.
PQS Private Quantity Surveyor (the QS employed by D used to distinguish
from the QS employed by C).
QS Quantity Surveyor.
RFI Request For Information.
RIBA Royal Institute of British Architects.
RICS Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.
RP/FSA AACE, Forensic Schedule Analysis, International Recommended Practice
No. 29R-03 (2009).
SC Subcontractor.
SCL Society of Construction Law.
SGC95 Singapore Public Sector Standard Conditions of Contract for
Construction Works, 1995, March 2005 Edition.
SIA80 Singapore Institute of Architects Lump Sum Contract (1980) 1999 Revision.
SMM7 RICS, Standard Method of Measurement, 7th Edition, 1998.
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle.
TC08 JCT Construction Management Trade Contract, 2008 Edition.
TQ Technical Query.
VAT Value Added Tax.
VO Variation Order.
WBS Work Breakdown Structure.
WC Works Contractor.
WC/08 JCT Management Works Contract, 2008.
WC/87 JCT Works Contract Conditions (Works Contract/2), 1987.
WC/98 JCT Works Contract Conditions (Works Contract/2), 1998.
WCD81 JCT Standard Form of Building Contract With Contractor’s Design,
1981 Edition, 1995 Revision.
WCD98 JCT Standard Form of Building Contract With Contractor’s Design, 1998.
xxx
TABL E O F C A S E R EP O RT R EFER EN CES
A.C. Official Law Reports Appeal Court English

A.C.W.S. All Canada Weekly Summaries Canadian
Ad.&EI. Adolphus & Ellis’ Queens Bench Reports, New Series English
Admin. L.R. Administrative Law Reports English
Admlty Admiralty Court English
ADRLJ. Arbitration and Dispute Resolution Law Journal English
AGBCA. Department of Agriculture Board of Contract Appeals American
A.L.J.R. Australian Law Journal Reports Australian
All ER. All England Law Reports English
All E.R. (Comm) All England Reports (Commercial) English
A.L.R. Australian Law Reports Australian
A.M.C. American Maritime Cases American
App. Cas. Official Law Reports Appeal Cases English
App. Div. Appellate Division American
ASBCA Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals American
BCA Federal Board of Contract Appeals American
BC Ct. App. British Columbian Court of Appeal Canadian
B.C.L. Building and Construction Law Australian
B.C.L. Butterworth’s Current Law New Zealand
B.C.L.C. Butterworth Company Law Cases English
B.C.L.R.S. Building and Construction Legal Report Service Australian
BC SC British Columbia Supreme Court Canadian
Bing. Bingham English
B.L.R. Building Law Reports English
B.T.C. British Tax Cases English
Bus. L.R. Business Law Reports English
CA Court of Appeal English
Cal. California Reports American
Cal..2d. California Reports, Second Series American
Cal..3d. California Reports, Third Series American
Cal.4th California Reports, Fourth Series American
Cal. App. California Apellate Reports American
Cal. Rptr. California Reporter English
Can Sup. Ct. Canadian Supreme Court Canadian
CCH Commerce Clearing House American
Ch. Official Law Reports Chancery Division English
Ch D Official Law Reports Chancery Division English
xxxi
TABLE OF CASE REPORT REFERENCES
C.I.L.L. Construction Industry Law Letter English

Cl. Ct. United States Claims Court American
C.L.C. Commercial Law Cases English
C.L.D. Construction Law Digest English
C.L.L. Construction Law Letter Canadian
C.L.R. Canadian Law Reports Canadian
C.L.R. Common Law Reports English
C.L.R. Commonwealth Law Reports Australian
C.O.D. Crown Office Digest English
COFC. Court of Federal Claims American
Conn. Connecticut Reports American
Con. L.R. Construction Law Reports English
Const. L.J. Construction Law Journal English
Const. L. Rep. Construction Law Reports Canadian
Costs L.R. Costs Law Reports English
C.P. Rep. Civil Procedure Reports English
CSOH Court of Session (Outer House) Scottish
Ct. Cl. Federal Court of Claims American
D.L.R. Dominion Law Reports Canadian
DOTBCA Department of Transportation Board of Contract Appeals American
EBCA Department of Energy Board of Contract Appeals American
E.G. Estates Gazette English
E.G.C.S. Estates Gazette Case Summaries English
E.G.L.R. Estates Gazette Law Reports English
E.L.R. Education Law Reports English
Emp. L.R. Employment Law Reports English
ENGBCA Department of Energy Board of Contract Appeals American
Env. L.R. Environmental Law Reports English
E.R. English Reports English
EWCA England and Wales Court of Appeal English
EWCA Civ England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division) English
EWHC England and Wales High Court English
Ex. Official Law Reports Exchequer Cases English
F. Federal Reporter American
F.2d Federal Reporter, Second Series American
F.3d Federal Reporter, Third Series American
F. (H.L.) Fraser’s Session Cases (HL) Scottish
Fam. Law Family Law Journal English
FCA Federal Court of Australia Australian
F.C.R. Family Court Reports English
Fed. Cir. United States Circuit Court, Federal Circuit American
F.L.R. Family Law Reporter English
F.S.R. Fleet Street Reports English
GSBCA General Services Board of Contract Appeals American
G.W.D. Green’s Weekly Digest Scottish
H.B.C. Hudson’s Building Contracts English
HKCFI Hong Kong Court of First Instance Hong Kong
H.K.L.R. Hong Kong Law Reports English
HL House of Lords English
xxxii
H.L.R. Housing Law Reports English

H.&N. Hurlston and Norman English
IBCA Department of Interior Board of Contract Appeals American
I.C.R. Industrial Cases Reports English
IH Inner House Scottish
Info. T.L.R. Information Technology Law Reports English
I.P.D. Intellectual Property Digest English
I.R.L.R. Industrial Relations Law Reports English
J.P. Justice of the Peace Reports English
J.P.L. Journal of Planning Law English
K.B. Official Law Reports King’s Bench Division English
Ky. Kentucky Reports American
L.G.R. Local Government Reports English
L.J.R. Law Journal Reports English
L.J.C.P. Law Journal Reports Common Pleas English
Ll. L. Rep. Lloyd’s Law Reports English
Lloyd’s Rep. Lloyds Law Reports English
Lloyd’s Rep. P.N. Lloyd’s Professional Negligence Reports English
L.R. App. Cas. Law Reports Appeal Cases English
LR Lloyd’s Reports English
L.R.C.P. Law Reports Common Pleas Cases English
L.R. Exch. Exchequer Cases English
L.R. P.D. Law Reports Probate Division English
L.S.G. Law Society Gazette English
L.T. Law Times Reports English
M.&W. Meeson and Welsby English
Med. L.R. Medical Law Reports English
Mo. Missouri Supreme Court American
NE.2d North Eastern Reporter American
NE.2d North Eastern Reporter, Second Series American
N.L.J. New Law Journal English
NSWCA New South Wales Supreme Court Australian
NSWLR New South Wales Law Reports Australian
N.W. North Western Reports American
NW.2d North Western Reports, Second Series American
NY New York Reports American
NY.2d New York Reports, Second Series American
NY App. Div. New York Appellate Division American
NYS.2d. New York Supplement, Second Series American
N.Z.L.R. New Zealand Law Reports New Zealand
P.2d Pacific Reporter, Second Series American
PC Privy Council UK
P. & C.R. Property and Compensation Reports English
PD Official Law Reports Probate Division English
P.I.Q.R. Personal Injury & Quantum Reports English
P.N.L.R. Professional Negligence and Liability Reports English
PSBCA Postal Services Board of Contract Appeals American
Q.B. Official Law Reports Queen’s Bench Division English
Q.B.D. Official Law Reports Queen’s Bench Division English
xxxiii
Q.J.P.R. Queensland Justice of the Peace Reports Australian

QSC Queensland Supreme Court Australian
R.T.R. Road Traffic Reports English
R.V.R. Rating & Valuation Reporter English
S.C. Session Cases Scottish
S.C.L.R. Scottish Civil Law Reports Scottish
S.C.R. Supreme Court Reports Canadian
SE. South Eastern Reporter American
S.J. Solicitors Journal English
S.J. Solicitors Journal English
S.J.L.B. Solicitors Journal English
S.L.T. Scots Law Times Scottish
S.R. State Reports (New South Wales) Australian
SW.2d South Western Reporter (Second Series) American
TASSC Tasmanian Supreme Court (Trial Division) Australian
TCC Technology and Construction Court English
T.C.L.R. Technology and Construction Law Reports English
T.L.R. Times Law Reports English
UKHL UK House of Lords UK
UKPC UK Privy Council UK
UKSPC UK Special Commissioners UK
US United States Supreme Court Reports American
Va. Virginia Reports American
VABCA Veterans Affairs Board of Contract Appeals American
V.L.R. Victoria Law Reports Australian
V.R. Victoria Law Reports Australian
VSC Victorian Supreme Court (Trial Division) Australian
VSCA Victorian Supreme Court (Court of Appeal) Australian
W.A.R. Western Australian Reports Australian
WASC Western Australian Supreme Court (Trial Division) Australian
WASCA Western Australia Supreme Court (Court of Appeal) Australian
Wash. App. Washington Appeals Reports American
W.D. Weekly Digest American
W.L.R. Weekly Law Reports English
W.N. Weekly Notes English
W.R. Weekly Reporter American
W.T.L.R. Wills & Trusts Law Reports English
W.W. & A.B. Wyatt, Webb & A’Beckett’s Reports Australian
W.W.R. Western Weekly Reports Canadian
xxxiv
TA B L E O F CA S ES
References are to paragraph number
620 Collins Street Pty Ltd v Abigroup Contractors Pty Ltd (No 1) [2006] VSC 490 ...........App.3
AEC Corp Inc (1997) ASBCA No.45,713, 97–1 BCA at 28,973 ................................................21–160
AGH Industries Inc (1989) ASBCA Nos 27,960 and 31,150,
89–2 BCA at 21,637 ..................................................................................9–025, 15–041
AMEV-UDC Finance v Austin (1987) 68 A.L.R. 185 ......................................................21–237
AMF International v Magnet Bowling [1968] 1 W.L.R. 1028; [1968] 2
All E.R. 789; 66 L.G.R. 706; (1968) 112 S.J. 522, QBD............................... 7–167, 7–168
AMW Plumbing and Heating Ltd v Zoom Development Ltd [2011]
GWD 1–13; 2010 WL 4810776 ..............................................................................4–171
AWG Construction Services Ltd v Rockingham Motor Speedway Ltd [2004]
EWHC 888 (TCC); [2004] T.C.L.R. 6 .................................................................... 23–008
Aberdeen Harbour Board v Heating Enterprises (Aberdeen) Ltd, 1990
S.L.T. 416; 1989 S.C.L.R. 716, IH (Ex Div) ............................................... 2–077, 2–154
Abigroup Contractors Pty Ltd v Peninsula Balmain Pty Ltd [2002]
NSWCA 211 .............................................................................................. 5–139, 5–141
Absolute Rentals Ltd v Gencor Enterprises Ltd (2001) 17 Const. L.J. 322 .......................23–046
Ace Constructors Inc v United States, 70 Fed. Cl. 253 (2006) .............................................. 7–151
Acker Construction LLC v Tran (2012) Ark. App. 214, 2012 Ark. App.
LEXIS 318 (2012) ...............................................................................................21–214
Acme Contracting Ltd v TolTest Inc (2008) U.S. Dist. LEXIS 36355
(E.D. Mich., May 5, 2008) ....................................................................................21–284
Adams Construction Co (1997) VABCA No.4,669, 97–1 BCA at 28,801 .........................17–130
Admiral Management Services Ltd v Para Protect Europe Ltd [2002]
EWHC 233 (Ch); [2002] 1 W.L.R. 2722; [2003] 2 All E.R. 1017;
[2002] C.P. Rep. 37; [2003] 1 Costs L.R. 1; [2002] F.S.R. 59;
(2002) 99(16) L.S.G. 37; (2002) 152 N.L.J. 518; (2002) 146 S.J.L.B. 93................21–072
Adyard Abu Dhabi v SD Marine Services[2011] EWHC 848 (Comm);
[2011] B.L.R. 384; 136 Con. L.R. 190; (2011) 27 Const. L.J. 594 .................6–129, App.3
Aioi Nissay Dowa Insurance Co Ltd (formerly Chiyoda Fire and Marine
Insurance Co Ltd) v Heraldglen Ltd [2013] EWHC 154 (Comm);
[2013] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 231; [2013] 1 C.L.C. 440; [2013]
Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 281 ..............................................................................................4–258
Aird v Prime Meridian Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 1866; [2007] C.P. Rep. 18;
[2007] B.L.R. 105; 111 Con. L.R. 209; (2007) 104(2) L.S.G. 31;
(2007) 151 S.J.L.B. 60 ..........................................................................................22–052
Ajax Paving Industries Inc v Charlotte County (2000) 752 So.2d 143 ................................2–085
Aktieselskabet Reidar v Arcos Ltd; sub nom. Reidar A/S v Acros Ltd [1927]
1 K.B. 352; (1926) 25 Ll. L. Rep. 513, CA ............................................................11–208
Alfred McAlpine Capital Projects Ltd v SIAC Construction (UK) Ltd [2005]
EWHC 3139 (TCC); [2006] B.L.R. 139; 105 Con. L.R. 73 ...................................22–122
xxxv
TABLE OF CASES
Alfred McAlpine Capital Projects Ltd v Tilebox Ltd [2005] EWHC 281 (TCC);
[2005] B.L.R. 271; 104 Con. L.R. 39; (2005) 21 Const. L.J. 539...............11–190, 21–238
to 21–240, 25–013
Alfred McAlpine Construction Ltd v Panatown Ltd (No.1); sub nom.
Panatown Ltd v Alfred McAlpine Construction Ltd [2001]
1 A.C. 518; [2000] 3 W.L.R. 946; [2000] 4 All E.R. 97; [2000]
C.L.C. 1604; [2000] B.L.R. 331; (2000) 2 T.C.L.R. 547; 71
Con. L.R. 1; [2000] E.G. 102 (C.S.); (2000) 97(38) L.S.G. 43;
(2000) 150 N.L.J. 1299; (2000) 144 S.J.L.B. 240; [2000] N.P.C. 89, HL ..................1–022
Alghussein Establishment v Eton College [1988] 1 W.L.R. 587; [1991]
1 All E.R. 267; [1988] E.G. 69 (C.S.); (1988) 132 S.J. 750, HL ...............................6–124
All Seasons Construction & Roofing Inc (1998) ASBCA No.45583,
98–2 BCA (CCH) at 30,061 ....................................................................14–012, 15–003
Allen v Gulf Oil Refining Ltd [1980] Q.B. 156; [1979] 3 W.L.R. 523; [1989]
3 All E.R. 1008; [1979] J.P.L. 674; (1979) 123 S.J. 737, CA .....................................2–186
Allen v Gulf Oil Refining Ltd [1981] A.C. 1001; [1981] 2 W.L.R. 188; [1981]
1 All E.R. 353; [1981] J.P.L. 353; (1981) 125 S.J. 101, HL .......................................2–186
Alstom Power Ltd v Yokogawa Australia Pty Ltd (No.7) [2012] SASC 49;
(2012) 28 Const LJ 553 ........................................................................... 115–016, App.3
Altmayer v Johnson, 79 F.3d 1129 (Fed. Cir., 1996) ........................................................21–172
Altus, The. See Total Transport Corp of Panama v Amoco Transport Co
Amalgamated Building Contractors Ltd v Waltham Holy Cross Urban
DC [1952] 2 All E.R. 452; [1952] 2 T.L.R. 269; 50 L.G.R. 667;
[1952] W.N. 400; (1952) 96 S.J. 530, CA ......................................... 6–077, 6–080, 6–126,
18–071, 18–094
Amec Building Ltd v Cadmus Investment Co Ltd (1997)
51 Con. L.R. 105; (1997) 13 Const. L.J. 50, QBD .................................................12–138
Amec Capital Projects Ltd v Whitefriars City Estates Ltd [2004]
EWCA Civ 1418; [2005] 1 All E.R. 723; [2005] B.L.R. 1;
96 Con. L.R. 142; (2005) 21 Const. L.J. 249; (2004) 154 N.L.J. 1690;
(2004) 148 S.J.L.B. 1285; Times, November 8, 2004 .............................23–060 to 23–062
Amec Process & Energy Ltd v Stork Engineers &
Contractors BV (No.1) [1999] EWHC 238 (TCC)...................... 8–082 to 8–087, 11–137
American Oil Co v Valenti, 179 Conn. 349; 427 A.2d 305 (1979) .....................................13–186
American Trading v Quebec Steamship, Cour de cassation
(Chambre civile), 5 December 1910 ......................................................................25–006
Ampurius Nu Homes Holdings Ltd v Telford Homes (Creekside) Ltd [2013]
EWCA Civ 577; [2013] 4 All E.R. 377; [2013] B.L.R. 400; 148
Con. L.R. 1; [2013] 23 E.G. 76 (C.S.) ..................................................................22–076
Anderson v Tuapeka County Council (1900) 19 N.Z.L.R. 1................................... 6–079, 6–138
Angelo v State of New York, 362 NYS.2d 283 (1974) ........................................................2–085
Anns v Merton LBC; sub nom. Anns v Walcroft Property Co Ltd [1978]
A.C. 728; [1977] 2 W.L.R. 1024; [1977] 2 All E.R. 492; 75 L.G.R. 555;
(1977) 243 E.G. 523; (1988) 4 Const. L.J. 100; [1977] J.P.L. 514;
(1987) 84 L.S.G. 319; (1987) 137 N.L.J. 794; (1977) 121 S.J. 377, HL ....................2–173
Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB (The Antaios) [1985]
A.C. 191; [1984] 3 W.L.R. 592; [1984] 3 All E.R. 229; [1984]
2 Lloyd’s Rep. 235; (1984) 81 L.S.G. 2776; (1984) 128 S.J. 564, HL .......................2–071
Antaios, The. See Antaios Compania Naviera SA v Salen Rederierna AB
Apple Corps Ltd v Apple Computer Inc [2004] EWHC 768 (Ch); [2004]
2 C.L.C. 720; [2004] I.L.Pr. 34 ............................................................................25–006
Aptus Co v United States, 61 Fed. Cl. 683 (2004) ...........................................................14–116
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Aqua Design & Play International Ltd (t/a Aqua Design) (In Liquidation) v
Kier Regional Ltd (t/a French Kier Anglia); Fenlock Hansen Ltd
(t/a Fendor Hansen) v Kier Regional Ltd (t/a French Kier Anglia)
[2002] EWCA Civ 797; [2003] B.L.R. 111; 82 Con. L.R. 107 .................................2–073
Arcadis UK Ltd v May and Baker Ltd (t/a Sanofi) [2013]
EWHC 87 (TCC); [2013] B.L.R. 210; [2013] C.I.L.L. 3305 .................23–053 to 23–059
Argyle Motors (Birkenhead) Ltd v Birkenhead Corp [1975]
A.C. 99; [1974] 2 W.L.R. 71; [1974] 1 All E.R. 201;
72 L.G.R. 147; (1974) 27 P. & C.R. 122; (1973) 118 S.J. 67, HL .............................2–187
Ariston SRL v Charly Records, unreported, 1990, CA (Civ Div)............... 21–237, 21–238, 21–239
Arthur White (Contractors) Ltd v Tarmac Civil Engineering Ltd [1967]
1 W.L.R. 1508; 3 All E.R. 586; (1967) 111 S.J. 831, HL ...........................................2–168
Ascon Contracting Ltd v Alfred McAlpine Construction Isle of
Man Ltd (1999) 66 Con. L.R. 119; (2000) 16 Const. L.J.
316; [2000] C.I.L.L. 1583, QBD ......................................... 1–029, 4–323, 4–342, 6–110,
10–038, 11–015, 11–063, 11–065, 11–112,
14–006, 14–079, 14–111, 16–075, 16–130,
17–006, 17–026, 20–020 to 20–026,
21–021, 21–109, 22–008
Ashwell and Nesbitt Ltd v Allen and Co (1912) H.B.C. (4th edn) 462, CA ...........................12–010
Aspect Contracts (Asbestos) Ltd v Higgins Construction Plc [2013]
EWHC 1322 (TCC); [2013] Bus. L.R. 1199; [2013] B.L.R. 417;
[2013] C.I.L.L. 3369 ..................................................................23–002, 23–003, 23–063
Aspen Insurance UK Ltd v Adana Construction Ltd [2015] EWCA Civ 176;
[2015] B.L.R. 273; [2015] E.C.C. 33; [2015] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 511......................... 22–120
Astea (UK) Ltd v Time Group Ltd [2003] EWHC 725 (TCC) ........ 6–110, 6–155, 6–162, 6–165
Astrazeneca Insurance Co Ltd v XL Insurance (Bermuda) Ltd [2013]
EWHC 349 (Comm); [2013] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 97; [2013]
1 C.L.C. 478; [2013] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 290 .............................................................4–258
Athens Generating Co LP v Bechtel Power Corp, No.6085–09 (SC DC, 2009) ................21–253
Atlantic Baron, The. See North Ocean Shipping Co v Hyundai Construction Co
Atlas Express Ltd v Kafco (Importers and Distributors) Ltd [1989]
Q.B. 833; [1989] 3 W.L.R. 389; [1989] 1 All E.R. 641; (1990)
9 Tr. L.R. 56; (1989) 139 N.L.J. 111; (1989) 133 S.J. 977, QBD ............................22–066
Attorney General of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd [2009] UKPC 10; [2009]
1 W.L.R. 1988; [2009] 2 All E.R. 1127; [2009] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 1; [2009]
Bus. L.R. 1316; [2009] B.C.C. 433; [2009] 2 B.C.L.C. 148........................................ 2–072
Attorney General of the Falkland Islands v Gordon Forbes
Construction (Falklands) Ltd [2003] B.L.R. 280; [2003] T.C.L.R. 9; (2003)
19 Const. L.J. 149, Sup. Ct (FI) ............................................................................13–030
Austin Hall Building Ltd v Buckland Securities Ltd [2001] B.L.R. 272;
(2001) 3 T.C.L.R. 18; 80 Con. L.R. 115; (2001) 17 Const. L.J. 325;
[2001] 25 E.G. 155 (C.S.) ....................................................................................23–013
B Sunley & Co Ltd v Cunard White Star Ltd; sub nom.
Sunley & Co Ltd v Cunard White Star Line Ltd [1940]
1 K.B. 740; (1940) 66 Ll. L. Rep. 134, CA ..................................21–082, 21–160, 21–169
BHP Billiton Petroleum Ltd v Dalmine SpA [2003] EWCA Civ 170;
[2003] B.L.R. 271; (2003) 147 S.J.L.B. 234, CA (Civ Div) ....................................14–027
BJ Carney and Co, ASBCA No.76,114, 77–1 BCA at 12,285 ...........................................12–194
BP Refinery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Shire of Hastings, 180 C.L.R. 266; (1978)
52 A.L.J.R. 20, PC (Aus) ........................................................................................2–079
BV Construction Inc (2004) ASBCA Nos 47,766, 49,337, 50,553 ...................................21–151
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Baese Pty Ltd v RA Bracken Building Pty Ltd (1989) 52 B.L.R. 134;
(1990) 6 B.C.L. 137 ...................................................................21–243, 21–244, 31–245
Balcombe Group Plc v London Development Agency [2008]
EWHC 1392 (TCC); [2008] T.C.L.R. 8................................................................22–041
Balfour Beatty Building Ltd v Chestermount Properties Ltd (1993)
62 B.L.R. 1; 32 Con. L.R. 139; (1993) 9 Const. L.J. 117, QBD ........ 4–209, 6–009, 6–050,
6–100, 6–103, 6–129, 9–023, 9–032, 10–040, 12–006, 14–109, 18–132
Balfour Beatty Civil Engineering Ltd v Docklands Light Railway Ltd [1996]
C.L.C. 1435; 78 B.L.R. 42; 49 Con. L.R. 1; (1996)
12 Const. L.J. 259, CA (Civ Div) ............................... 1–023, 2–071, 2–094, 3–016, 6–070
Balfour Beatty Construction Ltd v Lambeth LBC [2002]
EWHC 597 (TCC); [2002] B.L.R. 288; [2002] T.C.L.R. 25;
84 Con. L.R. 1; (2002) 18 Const. L.J. 405 ............................... 6–148, 9–014, 9–032, 9–063,
14–019, 14–115, 14–180, 15–003, 15–017, 18–009, 18–021, 20–008,
22–111, 22–112, 23–059, App.3
Balfour Beatty Engineering Services (HY) Ltd v Shepherd
Construction Ltd [2009] EWHC 2218 (TCC);
127 Con. L.R. 110; (2009) 159 N.L.J. 1475 ................................14–153, 14–154, 14–198
Banabelle Electrical v State of New South Wales [2005] NSWSC 714 .................19–056; 22–105
Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA (In Liquidation) v
Ali (No.1) [2001] UKHL 8; [2002] 1 A.C. 251; [2001]
2 W.L.R. 735; [2001] 1 All E.R. 961; [2001] I.C.R. 337; [2001]
I.R.L.R. 292; [2001] Emp. L.R. 359; (2001) 98(15) L.S.G. 32;
(2001) 151 N.L.J. 351; (2001) 145 S.J.L.B. 67; (2001) 145 S.J.L.B. 70 ....................2–071
Bank of Victoria v Costain Australia Ltd (1983) 5 B.C.L.R.S. 193 ....................................16–092
Banque Financière de la Cité SA (formerly Banque Keyser Ullmann SA)
v Westgate Insurance Co (formerly Hodge General & Mercantile Co Ltd);
sub nom. Banque Keyser Ullmann SA v Skandia (UK) Insurance Co;
Skandia (UK) Insurance Co v Chemical Bank; Skandia (UK)
Insurance Co v Crédit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV [1991]
2 A.C. 249; [1990] 3 W.L.R. 364; [1990] 2 All E.R. 947;
[1990] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 377; (1990) 87(35) L.S.G. 36; (1990)
140 N.L.J. 1074; (1990) 134 S.J. 1265, HL ...........................................................20–045
Barking and Dagenham LBC v Stamford Asphalt Co Ltd [1997]
C.L.C. 929; 82 B.L.R. 25; 54 Con. L.R. 1, CA (Civ Div) .........................................2–159
Barratt Southampton v Fairclough Building Ltd (1988) 27 Con. L.R. 62, QBD..................2–081
Barton (Alexander) v Armstrong (Alexander Ewan) [1976] A.C. 104;
[1975] 2 W.L.R. 1050; [1975] 2 All E.R. 465; (1973) 119 S.J. 286, PC (Aus) ..........22–065
Baston-Cook Co v Loden, 199 SE.2d 591 (Ga. App., 1973) ..............................................5–161
Bat Masonry Co Inc v Pike-Paschan Joint Venture IT, 842 F.Supp.
174 (D. Md., 1993) ..............................................................................................17–135
Bate v Aviva Insurance UK Ltd [2014] EWCA Civ 334; [2014]
Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 527 ..............................................................................................4–258
Bay Construction Co (2002) VABCA Nos 5,594, 5,625–5,626,
5,628, 5,831 ...............................................................................13–013, 13–162, 17–007
Beaufort Developments (NI) Ltd v Gilbert-Ash (NI) Ltd [1999]
1 A.C. 266; [1998] 2 W.L.R. 860; [1998] 2 All E.R. 778; [1998]
N.I. 144; [1998] C.L.C. 830; 88 B.L.R. 1; 59 Con. L.R. 66; (1998)
14 Const. L.J. 280; [1998] E.G. 85 (C.S.); (1998) 95(24) L.S.G. 33;
(1998) 95(31) L.S.G. 34; (1998) 148 N.L.J. 869; (1998) 142 S.J.L.B. 172;
[1998] N.P.C. 91; [1998] N.P.C. 93, HL ..................................................... 2–071, 2–094
Beazley Underwriting Ltd v Al Ahleia Insurance Co [2013] EWHC 677 (Comm);
[2013] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 561 ...................................................................................4–258
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Bechtel National Inc (1990) NASA BCA No.1186–7, 90–1 BCA at 22,549 ......................13–013
Bedford v Borough of Cudgegong (1900) 16 W.N. (NSW) 142 ........................................12–166
Bell BCI Co v United States, Fed Ct Cl. No.03–1613C, April 21, 2008 .................2–124, 17–002
Belleville Shoe Manufacturing Co (1995) ASBCA 46,036, 95–2 BCA at 27,680...............20–048
Bellway Homes Ltd v Seymour (Civil Engineering Contractors) Ltd [2013]
EWHC 1890 (TCC); [2013] T.C.L.R. 8................................................................22–120
Ben C Gertwick v United States (1961) 152 Ct Cl 69........................................................2–085
Berkeley Industries Inc v City of New York, 45 NY.2d 683; 385 NE.2d 281;
412 NYS.2d 589 (1978) ..........................................................................21–161, 21–185
Bernhard’s Rugby Landscapes Ltd v Stockley Park Consortium Ltd [1998]
All E.R. 249; (1998) 14 Const. L.J. 329, QBD ............ 6–074, 6–077, 6–134, 6–136, 6–141
Bernhard-Thomas Bldg Systems LLC v Weitz Co LLC (2011)
US Dist. LEXIS 91152 (D. Conn., 16 August 2011) ................................................9–062
Biffa Waste Services Ltd v Maschinenfabrik Ernst Hese GmbH [2008]
EWhc 6 (Tcc); [2008] B.L.R. 155; 118 Con. L.R. 104; [2008]
P.N.L.R. 17 ..........................................................................................21–229 to 21–230
Birmingham City Council v Paddison Construction Ltd [2008]
EWHC 2254 (TCC); [2008] B.L.R. 622 ...............................................................23–051
Blackhawk Heating & Plumbing Co Inc (1975) GSBCA No.2,432,
75–1 BCA at 11,261; (1976) GSBCA 76–1 55,577 .......................... 7–093, 9–030, 9–031,
14–043, 15–113, 16–081
Blinderman Construction Co v United States, 39 Fed. Cl. 529 (1997) ...............................9–019
Blue Circle Industries Plc v Ministry of Defence; sub nom. Ministry
of Defence v Blue Circle Industries Plc [1999] Ch. 289; [1999]
2 W.L.R. 295; [1998] 3 All E.R. 385; [1999] Env. L.R. 22; [1998]
E.G. 93 (C.S.); [1998] N.P.C. 100, CA (Civ Div) ....................................................4–261
Bluewater Energy Services BV v Mercon Steel Structures BV [2014]
EWHC 2132 (TCC); 155 Con. L.R. 85 ..................................................... 15–014, App.3
Boiler Inspection and Insurance Co of Canada v Sherwin Williams Co
of Canada Ltd [1974] Q.B. 57, CA (Civ Div) ........................................................20–046
Boskalis Westminster Construction Ltd v Liverpool City Council (1983)
24 B.L.R. 83; (1983) 133 N.L.J. 576, QBD .............................................................4–174
Bottoms v Lord Mayor etc. City of York (1888) H.B.C. (4th edn) 208, CA.......................... 12–028
Bouygues UK Ltd v Dahl-Jensen UK Ltd [2001] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 1041;
[2001] C.L.C. 927; [2000] B.L.R. 522; (2001) 3 T.C.L.R. 2;
73 Con. L.R. 135; (2000) 97(35) L.S.G. 36, CA (Civ Div) ....................................22–111
Bovis Lend Lease Ltd v Cofely Engineering Services [2013] EWHC 3142 (TCC) ............22–106
Bowen v Paramount Builders [1977] 1 N.Z.L.R. 394.........................................................2–180
Boyajian v United States, 423 F.2d 1231 (Ct. Cl. 1970) ......................................19–001, 20–067
Brand Investments Co v United States, 102 Ct. Cl. 40; 324 U.S. 850 ...............................21–080
Brauer & Co (Great Britain) Ltd v James Clark (Brush Materials) Ltd [1952]
2 All E.R. 497; [1952] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 147; [1952] 2 T.L.R. 349; [1952]
W.N. 422; (1952) 96 S.J. 548, CA ...........................................................................4–057
Bremer Handels GmbH v Vanden-Avenne Izegem PVBA [1978]
2 Lloyd’s Rep. 109, HL ..............................................................................5–130, 25–010
Bridge v Campbell Discount Co Ltd; sub nom. Campbell
Discount Co Ltd v Bridge [1962] A.C. 600; [1962]
2 W.L.R. 439; [1962] 1 All E.R. 385; (1962) 106 S.J. 94, HL ..................................21–239
Bridge UK.com Ltd (t/a Bridge Communications) v Abbey Pynford Plc [2007]
EWHC 728 (TCC); (2009) 25 Const. L.J. 150; [2007]
C.I.L.L. 2465 .............................................................................17–073, 17–074, 21–073
Bridgeway Construction Ltd v Tolent Construction Ltd [2000] C.I.L.L. 1662;
[2000] W.L. 1027055 ...............................................................................21–136, 23–004
xxxix
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Briess v Woolley; sub nom. Briess v Rosher [1954] A.C. 333; [1954]
2 W.L.R. 832; [1954] 1 All E.R. 909; (1954) 98 S.J. 286, HL ..................................22–081
British Airways Pension Trustees Ltd v Sir Robert McAlpine & Sons Ltd (1994)
72 B.L.R. 26; 45 Con. L.R. 1; (1995) 11 Const. L.J. 365, CA (Civ Div) .........19–054, 19–055
British American Tobacco Australia Services Ltd Cowell [2002] VSCA 197 ......................13–249
British Fermentation Products Ltd v Compair Reavell Ltd [1999]
2 All E.R. (Comm) 389; [1999] B.L.R. 352; (2000) 2 T.C.L.R. 704;
66 Con. L.R. 1, QBD ...........................................................................................21–269
British Motor Trade Association v Salvadori [1949] Ch. 556; [1949]
1 All E.R. 208; 65 T.L.R. 44; [1949] L.J.R. 1304, Ch D ............................17–074, 21–073
British Steel Corp v Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Co Ltd [1984]
1 All E.R. 504; [1982] Com. L.R. 54; 24 B.L.R. 94, QBD ............................6–111, 6–161,
21–196 to 21–198
British Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co Ltd v Underground
Electric Railways Co of London Ltd (No.2) [1912] A.C. 673, HL ..........................11–002
Broome Construction Inc v United States (1974)
203 Ct. Cl. 521; 492 F.2d 829 ..................................................................11–132, 13–010
Bruce v Odhams Press Ltd [1936] 1 K.B. 697; [1936]
1 All E.R. 287, CA...................................................................................22–123, 22–151
Bruce v The Queen [1866] 2 W.W. & A.B. (L) 193 .............................................................6–126
Bush v Whitehaven Trustees (1888) 52 J.P. 392................................................................21–205
Bwllfa and Merthyr Dare Steam Collieries (1891)
Ltd v Pontypridd Waterworks Co [1903] A.C. 426 ...................................................App.3
Byers v Illinois State Police, 53 Fed. R. Serve. 3d 740 (N.D.III, 2002) ..............................13–260
Bysouth v Blackburn and Mitcham (1928) V.L.R. 562 ........................................12–170, 12–171
C&B Scene Concept Design Ltd v Isobars Ltd [2002]
EWCA Civ 46; [2002] C.L.C. 652; [2002] B.L.R. 93; [2002]
T.C.L.R. 22; 82 Con. L.R. 154; (2002) 18 Const. L.J. 139, CA (Civ Div) ...............22–111
CIB Properties Ltd v Birse Construction Ltd [2004]
EWHC 2365 (TCC); [2005] 1 W.L.R. 2252; [2005] B.L.R. 173.............................23–009
CJP Contractors Inc v United States, 45 Fed. Cl. 343 (1999)...........................................14–116
CMC Group v Michael Zhang [2007] EWHC 3454 (TCC) ...........................................25–013
CRW Joint Operation v PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero) TBK [2011] 4 SLR 3050 ...24–068
Cala Homes (South) Ltd v Alfred McAlpine Homes East Ltd (No.1)
[1995] F.S.R. 818; (1995) C.I.L.L. 1083, Ch D...........................22–027, 22–045, 22–054
Calcraft v Guest [1898] 1 Q.B. 759, CA ............................................................................App.1
Canadian Red Cross Society v WN Developments (Ottawa) Ltd and
McLean & McPhadyen (1983) 1–C.L.D.–02–09, Sup. Ct (Ont.) ..............................4–144
Canon Construction Corp (1972) ASBCA No.16,142,
72–1 BCA (CCH) at 9,404 ......................................................................11–152, 14–234
Cantillon Ltd v Urvasco Ltd [2008] EWHC 282 (TCC); [2008]
B.L.R. 250; 117 Con. L.R. 1; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2564 ...............................................23–059
Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman [1990] 2 A.C. 605; [1990]
2 W.L.R. 358; [1990] 1 All E.R. 568; [1990] B.C.C. 164; [1990]
B.C.L.C. 273; [1990] E.C.C. 313; [1955–95] P.N.L.R. 523;
(1990) 87(12) L.S.G. 42; (1990) 140 N.L.J. 248; (1990)
134 S.J. 494, HL......................................................................................... 2–173, 2–192
Capital Electric Co v United States, 729 F.2d 743
(Fed. Cir., 1984) ..............................................21–161, 21–162, 21–172, 21–182, 21–185
Cardy & Co v Taylor and Roberts (1994) 38 Con. L.R. 79; [1994]
E.G. 46 (C.S.); [1994] N.P.C. 30 ................................................14–112, 17–060, 17–061
Carillion Construction Ltd v Devonport Royal Dockyard Ltd [2005]
EWCA Civ 1358; [2006] B.L.R. 15; 104 Con. L.R. 1; (2005)
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102(47) L.S.G. 26; Times, November 24, 2005.........................................23–016, 23–058

Carillion Construction Ltd v Felix (UK) Ltd [2001] B.L.R. 1;
74 Con. L.R. 144, QBD ...........................................................22–068, 22–069 to 22–072
Carillion Construction Ltd v Smith [2011] EWHC 2910 (TCC);
141 Con. L.R. 117; [2011] C.I.L.L. 3097; [2012] Bus. L.R. D61 ...........................22–112
Carillion JM Ltd v PHI Group Ltd; Carillion JM Ltd v Robert West Consulting Ltd;
sub nom. PHI Group Ltd v Robert West Consulting Ltd [2012]
EWCA Civ 588; [2012] C.P. Rep. 37; [2012] B.L.R. 329; [2012]
T.C.L.R. 5; 142 Con. L.R. 96; [2012] 4 Costs L.O. 523; [2012] C.I.L.L. 3180 ........... 22–120
Carlson v Townsend [2001] EWCA Civ 511; [2001] 1 W.L.R. 2415; [2001]
3 All E.R. 663; [2001] C.P. Rep. 86; [2001] C.P.L.R. 405; [2001]
P.I.Q.R. P24; (2001) 62 B.M.L.R. 50 ....................................................................22–028
Carr v JA Berriman Pty Ltd (1953) 89 C.L.R. 327 ..........................................................12–141
Cary v United of Omaha Life Insurance Co, 68 P.3d 462 (Colo. 2003)...............................2–068
Castle Inns (Stirling) Ltd v Clark Contracts Ltd [2007] Adj LR 02/06 .............................18–039
Cellulose Acetate Silk Co Ltd v Widnes Foundry (1925) Ltd;
sub nom. Widnes Foundry (1925) Ltd v Cellulose Acetate Silk
Co Ltd [1933] A.C. 20, HL ........................................................11–206, 21–228, 21–252
Centex Bateson Construction Co Inc v Togo D West Jr, Secretary
of Veterans Affairs, 250 F.3d 761 (Fed. Cir., 2000) ...................................13, 013, 17–007,
17–008, 17–130, 17–148
Ceylon v Chandris [1965] 3 All E.R. 48; [1965] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 204, QBD .......................20–042
Chadmax Plastics Pty Ltd v Hansen and Yuncken (SA) Pty Ltd (1984) 1 B.C.L. 52 .............12–008
Chandris v Isbrandtsen Moller Co Inc [1951] 1 K.B. 240; [1950]
2 All E.R. 618; (1950) 84 Ll. L. Rep. 347; 66 T.L.R. (Pt 2) 358;
(1950) 94 S.J. 534, CA .........................................................................................11–208
Chaney & James Construction Co v United States, F.2d 728
(190 Ct. Cl. 699) (1970) .........................................................................................7–077
Charles Rickards Ltd v Oppenheim [1950] 1 K.B. 616; [1950]
1 All E.R. 420; 66 T.L.R. (Pt. 1) 435; (1950) 94 S.J. 161, CA ...................................6–109
Chesham Properties Ltd v Bucknall Austin Management Services Ltd (1996)
82 B.L.R. 92; 53 Con. L.R. 22, QBD ......................................................................3–017
Christopher Shaw v Massey Foundations and Pilings Ltd. See Shaw v
Massey Foundations and Pilings Ltd ................................................................................
Chittick and Taylor, Re (1954) 12 W.W.R. (N.S.) 653 ......................................................12–016
Chloride Batteries Australia Ltd v Glendale Chemical Products Pty Ltd (1988)
17 NSWLR 60 .....................................................................................................22–105
City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd 2002 S.L.T. 781;
2001 S.C.L.R. 961; 2001 G.W.D. 26-999 ................ 5–094, 5–095, 5–125 to 5–128, 5–143
City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd, 2003 S.L.T. 885; 2003 S.C.L.R.
795; [2003] B.L.R. 468; 2003 G.W.D. 18–549, IH (2 Div) ............ 5–094, 5–125 to 5–128,
5–143, 5–144, 5–145
City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd [2007] CSOH 190; [2008]
B.L.R. 269; (2008) 24 Const. L.J. 590; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2537;
2008 G.W.D. 8–145 ................. 1–029, 4–009, 4–010, 4–104, 4–105, 4–204, 4–209, 5–096,
5–128, 6–046, 6–057, 6–061, 6–098, 8–013, 9–016, 9–032,
14–004, 14–024, 14–073, 14–115, 14–160, 14–178, 14–223,
14–239, 14–240, 15–028, 15–040, 16–032, 16–075, 17–026,
18–005, 18–013, 18–022, 18–023, 18–056, 18–092,
18–138, 20–027, 20–028, 20–031, 20–034, 20–035,
20–068 to 20–070
City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd [2010] CSIH 68;
2011 S.C. 127; 2011 S.C.L.R. 70; [2010]
xli
TABLE OF CASES
B.L.R. 473; 136 Con. L.R. 51; [2010] C.I.L.L. 2889;

2010 G.W.D. 29–598 .........................................4–009, 4–104, 4–105, 4–204, 4–209, 4–215,
5–096, 5–128, 6–023, 6–046, 6–049, 6–050, 6–057, 6–061,
6–098, 8–013, 9–016, 9–032, 14–004, 14–024, 14–073, 14–115,
14–160, 14–178, 14–223, 14–239, 14–240, 15–028, 15–040,
15–147, 16–075, 17–026, 18–005, 18–013, 18–022, 18–023,
18–057, 18–138, 20–027, 20–029 to 20–031, 20–034,
20–035, 20–068 to 20–070
Clancy Consulting Ltd v Derwent Holdings Ltd [2010] EWHC 762 (TCC) ....................21–068
Clarapede & Co v Commercial Union Association (1883) 32 W.R. 262.............................22–149
Clark Baridon Inc v Merritt Chapman and Scott Corp, 311 F.2d 389
(4th Cir., 1962) ....................................................................................................17–119
Clark Construction Group Inc (2000) VABCA No.5,674, 00–1
BCA at 30,870 ..........................................................13–013, 13–040, 17–007, 17–027 to
17–030, 17–114 to 17–116, 17–121, 17–126, 17–161
Clearwater Constructors Inc v united States, 71 Fed. Cl. 25 (2006) ...................................4–057
Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd v Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd [2005]
EWHC 2101 (TCC) ..............................................................................................2–087
Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd v Severfield-Rowen Structures Ltd [2012]
EWHC 3652 (TCC) ................................................................................. 11–020, App.3
Clough v London & North Western Railway Co (1871–72) L.R. 7 Ex. 26,
Ex Chamber .........................................................................................................22–080
Clydebank Engineering & JF Finnegan v Community Housing (1993)
65 B.L.R. 103..........................................................................................21–216, 21–217
Clydebank Engineering & Shipbuilding Co Ltd v
Don Jose Ramos Yzquierdo y Castaneda; sub nom. Castaneda v
Clydebank Engineering & Shipbuilding Co Ltd [1905]
A.C. 6; (1904) 7 F. (H.L.) 77; (1904) 12 S.L.T. 498, HL .............21–223, 21–233, 31–234
Collins/Snoops Associates Inc v CJF LLC 190 Md. App. 146,
988 A 2d 49 (2010) ..............................................................................................17–014
Commercial Contractors Inc v United States, 29 Fed. Cl. 654 (1993) ..............................21–164
Commissioner for Main Roads v Reed and Stuart Pty Ltd (1974)
131 C.L.R. 378 ....................................................................................................12–141
Commissioner of Public Works v Hills; sub nom. Public Works
Commissioners v Hills [1906] A.C. 368; (1906) 22 T.L.R. 589, HL ...........21–233, 31–239
Concadoro, The [1916] 2 A.C. 199, PC (Egy) ...................................................................4–057
Continental Consolidated Corp, Eng (1967) BCA Nos 2,743,
2,766, 67–2 BCA (CCH) at 6,624............................................................15–113, 16–128
Copeland BC v Hayton Builders Ltd (No.1) (1998) 14 Const. L.J. 412, QBD ..................13–275
Co-operative Group Ltd v Birse Developments Ltd [2013] EWHC 1790 (TCC)..............22–149
Copthorne Hotel (Newcastle) Ltd v Arup Associates (No.2) (1998)
85 B.L.R. 22, CA (Civ Div) ........................................................................ 3–048, 3–049
Corbell Construction Co (1977) AGBCA 77–129, 74–1 BCA at 1380 ...............................5–161
Corelogic Ltd v Bristol City Council [2013] EWHC 2088 (TCC);
149 Con. L.R. 225................................................................................................22–149
Costain Civil Engineering Ltd v Zanen Dredging and Contracting Co Ltd (No.1)
(1996) 85 B.L.R. 77, QBD ...................................................................................22–061
Costain Ltd v Charles Haswell & Partners Ltd [2009]
EWHC 3140 (TCC); [2010] TCLR 1; 128 Con. L.R. 154 .......................14–161, 14–197,
14–254, 15–007, 15–170,
18–009, 20–008
Cottman Mechanical Contractors Inc (2000) ASBCA No.48,882 ....................................18–109
Cotton v Wallis [1955] 1 W.L.R. 1168; [1955] 3 All E.R. 373; (1955)
99 S.J. 779, CA........................................................................................12–182, 12–183
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TABLE OF CASES
Cour de cassation, 3e civ., 30 January 2008, No. 06–14.641 .............................................25–005

Cour de cassation, chamber mixte, 30 November 2007, No. 06–14.006 ............................25–005
Cour de cassation, 3 civ., 25 February 2009, No. P07–20.096 ..........................................25–005
Crosfield & Sons v Techno Chemical Laboratories Ltd (1913) 29 T.L.R. 379....................22–049
Crown Estate Commissioners v John Mowlem & Co Ltd (1994)
70 B.L.R. 1; 40 Con. L.R. 36; (1994) 10 Const. L.J. 311 ..........................................2–071
Crown House Engineering v Amec Projects (1990) 48 B.L.R. 32; (1990)
6 Const. L.J. 141, CA (Civ Div) ............................................................................21–199
Cutts v Head [1984] Ch. 290; [1984] 2 W.L.R. 349; [1984]
1 All E.R. 597; (1984) 81 L.S.G. 509; (1984) 128 S.J. 117, CA (Civ Div) ...............22–061
D v National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC)
[1978] A.C. 171; [1977] 2 W.L.R. 201; [1977] 1 All E.R. 589;
76 L.G.R. 5; (1977) 121 S.J. 119, HL.......................................................13–274, 13–275
D&C Builders Ltd v Rees [1966] 2 Q.B. 617; [1966] 2 W.L.R. 288;
[1965] 3 All E.R. 837; (1965) 109 S.J. 971, CA ........................................22–066, 22–074
DEW Inc (1993) ASBCA No.35173, 93–2 BCA at 25,706 ................................................7–093
DM Drainage & Constructions Pty Ltd v Karara Mining Ltd [2014] WASC 170 ................App.3
DSND Subsea Ltd (formerly DSND Oceantech Ltd) v Petroleum Geo
Services ASA [2000] B.L.R. 530, QBD ....................................................22–067, 22–068
Dale Construction Co v United States, 168 Ct. Cl. 692 (1964) ........................................19–024
Dalkia Utilities Services Plc v Celtech International Ltd [2006]
EWHC 63 (Comm); [2006] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 599; [2006] 2 P. & C.R. 9 ......................2–142
Danac Inc (1994) ASBCA No.33,394, 94–1 BCA ..............................14–224, 17–151 to 17–159
Danac Inc (1998) 98–1 BCA at 29,454 ..............................................11–131, 17–151 to 17–159
David Builders Inc (1998) ASBCA No.51,262 ...............................................14–051, 14–183 to
14–186, 18–080, 18–110
Davis v Radcliffe [1990] 1 W.L.R. 821; [1990] 2 All E.R. 536; [1990]
B.C.C. 472; [1990] B.C.L.C. 647; (1990) 87(19) L.S.G. 43;
(1990) 134 S.J. 1078, PC (IoM) ..............................................................................2–192
Davis Contractors v Fareham Urban DC [1956] A.C. 696; [1956]
3 W.L.R. 37; [1956] 2 All E.R. 145; 54 L.G.R. 289; (1956)
100 S.J. 378, HL........................................................................................4–053, 21–206
Dawson (1993) 93–3 BCA at 26,177 .................................................................13–013, 18–108
Dawson Construction Co, GSBCA No.3,998, 75–2 BCA (CCH)
at 11,563 ....................................................................................16–081, 16–149, 18–028
De Beers UK Ltd (formerly Diamond Trading Co Ltd) v Atos Origin
IT Services UK Ltd [2010] EWHC 3276 (TCC); [2011]
B.L.R. 274; 134 Con. L.R. 151; [2010] Info. T.L.R. 448...........................................App.3
Deangrove Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia [2001] F.C.A. 173 ......................13–192
Deluxe Building System v Constructamax Inc, US Dist LEXIS 131296
(D.N.J., September 13, 2013)..................................................................................7–068
Department of Transport v North West Water Authority [1984]
A.C. 336; [1983] 3 W.L.R. 707; [1983] 3 All E.R. 273; 82 L.G.R. 207;
(1983) 133 N.L.J. 1016; (1983) 127 S.J. 713, HL ........................................ 2–187, 2–188
Derry v Peek; sub nom. Peek v Derry (1889) L.R. 14 App. Cas. 337;
(1889) 5 T.L.R. 625, HL ..........................................................................22–079, 22–081
Diamond v PJW Enterprises Ltd. See Gillies Ramsay Diamond v PJW Enterprises Ltd
Digicel (St Lucia) Ltd v Cable & Wireless Plc [2008] EWHC 2522 (Ch);
[2009] 2 All E.R. 1094................................................................13–122, 13–259, 13–260
Discain Project Services Ltd v Opecprime Development Ltd (No.2).
See Discain Project Services Ltd v Opecprime Development Ltd (Bias)
Discain Project Services Ltd v Opecprime Development Ltd (Bias); sub nom. Discain Project
Services Ltd v Opecprime Development Ltd (No.2) [2001]
B.L.R. 285; (2001) 3 T.C.L.R. 17; 80 Con. L.R. 95, QBD......................................22–111
xliii
TABLE OF CASES
Dodd v Churton [1897] 1 Q.B. 562, CA .................................................... 6–117, 6–118, 6–126

Domsalla (t/a Domsalla Building Services) v Dyason [2007]
EWHC 1174 (TCC); [2007] B.L.R. 348; [2007] T.C.L.R. 5;
112 Con. L.R. 95; [2007] C.I.L.L. 2501................................................................23–045
Donohoe Construction Co (1999) ASBCA Nos 47,310, 47,312............14–169, 15–018, 15–027,
15–168, 15–173
Drinkwater v Caddyrack Pty Ltd, unreported, 1997, Sup. Ct (NSW) .................................6–121
Dubaldo Electric LLC v Montagno Construction Inc (2010) A.C. 30063 ...........17–057, 17–085
Dudley BC v Parsons and Morrin Ltd (1967) Building and Civil Engineering Claims, CA..........12–108
Dunkirk Colliery Co v Lever (1878) L.R. 9 Ch. D. 20, CA ..............................................11–005
Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v New Garage & Motor Co Ltd [1915]
A.C. 79, HL ...................................................................... 7–103, 21–233, 21–236, 25–013
Dura (Australia) Constructions Pty Ltd v Hue Boutique Living Pty Ltd (No.3)
[2012] VSC 99 .......................................................................................................App.3
Dynalectric Co v Whittenberg Construction Co, US Dist.
LEXIS 110136 (W.D. Ky, 2010) .............................................................................1–034
E (A Minor) v Dorset CC; Christmas v Hampshire CC (Duty of Care);
Keating v Bromley LBC (No.1) [1994] 3 W.L.R. 853; [1994] 4 All E.R. 640;
[1995] 1 F.C.R. 1; 92 L.G.R. 484; (1994) 144 N.L.J. 755, CA (Civ Div) ..................2–171
E Scott (Plant Hire) Ltd v British Waterways Board, unreported, 20 December 1982 ..........2–168
ER Mitchell Construction Co Inc (1998) ASBCA 48,745, 98–1 BCA at 29,632 ...............20–048
Ealahan Electric Co (1990) DOTBCA No.1,959, 90–3 BCA (CCH)
at 23,177 ....................................................................................15–017, 15–113, 16–149
Earth Tech Industries Ltd (1999) ASBCA No.46,450 .........................................11–119, 13–011
Edenbreath Ltd v CREB Development Ltd [2008] EWHC 570 (TCC) ...........................23–046
Education 4 Ayrshire Ltd v South Ayrshire Council [2009] CSOH 146;
2010 S.L.T. 253; 26 Const LJ 327; [2010] C.I.L.L. 2814;
2009 G.W.D. 36–609 .......................................................... 5–029, 5–46 to 5–051, 5–090,
5–102, 5–116
Edward M Crough Inc v Department of General Services (1990) 572 A.2d 457 .................2–085
Eichleay Corp (1961) BCA at 12,894 ................................................................21–172, 21–185
Elanay Contracts v Vestry [2001] B.L.R. 33; (2001) 3 T.C.L.R. 6 ........................23–012, 23–020
Electronic & Missile Inc (1964) ASBCA 9,031, 64 BCA (CCH) at 4,338 .............11–132, 13–010
Elek v Bar-Tur [2013] EWHC 207 (Ch); [2013] 2 E.G.L.R. 159; [2013]
8 E.G. 107 (C.S.) .................................................................................................21–203
Ellis Don v Parking Authority of Toronto (1978) 28 B.L.R. 98 ...........................17–063, 17–064,
21–138, 21–178
Elmbid Ltd v Burgess [2013] EWHC 1489 (Ch) ...............................................................6–078
Elsley v JG Collins (1978) 83 D.L.R. (3d) 1, Sup. Ct. (Can) ............................................21–251
Elvanite Full Circle Ltd v AMEC Earth & Environmental (UK) Ltd [2013]
EWHC 1643 (TCC); [2013] 4 All E.R. 765; [2013] B.L.R. 473; [2013]
T.C.L.R. 7; [2013] 4 Costs L.R. 612; [2013] C.I.L.L. 3385 .....................................4–258
Emard Engineering v Linares (in re Linares) 2012 Bankr. LEXIS 5944
(Bankr. N.D. Cal., Dec. 27 2012) ..........................................................................21–216
Emirates Trading Agency LLC v Prime Mineral Exports Private Ltd [2014]
EWHC 2104 (Comm); [2015] 1 W.L.R. 1145; [2014] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 457; [2014]
2 C.L.C. 1; (2014) 164(7615) N.L.J. 19 ................................................................24–073
Enterprise Managed Services Ltd v Tony McFadden Utilities Ltd [2009]
EWHC 3222 (TCC); [2011] 1 B.C.L.C. 414; [2010] B.L.R. 89;
(2010) Const. L.J. 204 ..........................................................................................23–063
Enterprise Managed Services Ltd v Tony McFadden Utilities Ltd (Costs)
[2010] EWHC 1506 (TCC); [2011] Bus. L.R. D11 ...............................................23–063
Environment Agency v Lewin Fryer [2006] EWHC 1597 (TCC);
(2006) 22 Const. L.J. 574 .....................................................................................13–251
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TABLE OF CASES
Envirotech Corp v Tennessee Valley Authority (1988) 715 F.Supp. 190 (W.D. Ky) ............11–111
Esor Africa (Pty) Ltd/Franki Africa (Pty) Ltd JV and Bombela
Civils JV (Pty) Ltd SGHC, case no. 12/7442, unreported .......................................24–069
Essex Electro Engineers Inc v Richard J Danzig, Secretary
of the Navy, 224 F.3d 1283 (Fed. Cir., 2000) ..................15–003, 18–023, 18–028, 18–044
Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Mardon [1976] Q.B. 801; [1976] 2 W.L.R. 583; [1976]
2 All E.R. 5; [1976] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 305; 2 B.L.R. 82; (1976)
120 S.J. 131, CA (Civ Div) ...................................................................................22–082
European Dynamics SA v HM Treasury [2009] EWHC 3419 (TCC);
128 Con. L.R. 36; [2010] Eu. L.R. 397; (2010) 26 Const. L.J. 191 .........................22–119
Excavation Construction Inc v Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority,
624 F.Supp. 582 (DDC, 1984) ..............................................................................21–185
F Garofalo Elec. Co Inc v New York University, 705 NYS.2d 327
(App. Div., 2000) ........................................................................................ 5–092, 5–123
F Whitten Peters, Secretary of the Air Force, 226 F.3d 1307 (2000) .................................15–003
FG Minter Ltd v Welsh Health Technical Services Organisation (1980)
13 B.L.R. 1, CA (Civ Div) .............................................. 4–302, 5–151, 5–155, 21–121 to
21–127, 21–128
FH McGraw & Co v United States, 131 Ct. Cl. 501; 130 F.Supp. 394 (1955) ..................19–024
Farm Assist Ltd (In Liquidation) v Secretary of State for the Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs [2008] EWHC 3079 (TCC); [2009]
B.L.R. 80; [2009] P.N.L.R. 16; (2009) 25 Const. L.J. 308 ......................................22–068
Farrell Heating, Plumbing, Air Conditioning Contractors Inc v Facilities
Development and Improvements Corp, 414 NYS.2d 767 (1979)..............................2–085
Fastrack Contractors Ltd v Morrison Construction Ltd [2000]
B.L.R. 168; [2000] B.L.R. 168; 75 Con. L.R. 33; (2000)
16 Const. L.J. 273; [2000] All E.R. (D) .................................................................23–063
Fence Gate Ltd v NEL Construction Ltd (2002) 82 Con. L.R. 41, QBD .........................22–144
Fence Gate Ltd v James R Knowles Ltd (2001) 84 Con. L.R. 206,
QBD (TCC) ...........................................................................................23–039, 23–040
Ferguson v John Dawson & Partners (Contractors) Ltd [1976]
1 W.L.R. 1213; [1976] 3 All E.R. 817; [1976] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 669;
8 B.L.R. 38; [1976] I.R.L.R. 346; (1976) 120 S.J. 603, CA (Civ Div) .....................21–049
Fiona Trust v Privalov [2000] I.L.L.R. 254......................................................................23–039
Fire Security Systems Inc (1991) VABCA No.2,107, 91–2 BCA at 23,743 ........................17–130
Firmont Divisions Dynamics Corp of America (1978)
578 F.2d 1389 (Ct. Cl.) ..............................................................11–111, 11–118, 11–119
Fischbach and Moore International Corp (1971) ASBCA No.14,216 ...............................12–187
Fitzpatrick v Sarcon (No.177) Ltd [2012] NICA 58; [2014] N.I. 35...................................6–035
Flatman and Another, Weddall v Germany, Barchester Healthcare Limited
(A2/2011/1168, 3115(B), 3118(A)) [2012] EWCA Civ 745 ...................................22–120
Ford v Beech (1848) 11 Q.B.D. 852..................................................................................2–071
Ford and Co and Bemrose and Sons, Re (1902) H.B.C. (4th edn) 324 .............................12–078
Fortec Constructors v United States, 804 F.2d 141 (Fed. Cir., 1986) .....................7–008, 9–026,
9–035, 15–113, 16–075
Foundation Co of Canada Ltd v United Grain Growers Ltd (1995)
25 C.L.R. (2d) 1 (BC SC); (1996) 62 A.C.W.S. 3d 29 .................... 13–006, 17–090, App.l
Foxman Holdings Pty Ltd v NMBE Pty Ltd (1995) 38 NSWLR 615 ...............................22–105
Fred A Arnold Inc (1984) ASBCA No.20,150, 84–3 BCA (CCH) at 17, 517......................9–029
Freeman–Darling Inc (1989) PSBCA No.7,112,
89–2 BCA (CCH) at 21,882 ...............................8–080, 12–186, 15–052, 15–053, 21–023
Fru-Con Construction Corp v United States (2000)
250 F.3d 762 (Fed. Cir.) ...................................11–132, 13–010, 13–013, 17–007, 17–160
GEMS Inc v United States, 59 Fed. Cl. 168 (2003) .........................................................18–086
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TABLE OF CASES
GII Industries Inc v New York State Department of Transportation Bankr,

LEXIS 3663 (Bankr EDNY30 September 2011) ...................................................19–008
GMTC Tools and Equipment Ltd v Yuasa Warwick Machinery Ltd (1995)
44 Con. L.R. 68; (1995) 11 Const. L.J. 370, CA (Civ Div) ........................14–212, 22–135
Galaxy Builders Inc (2000) ASBCA Nos 50,018 and 50,136 .................................7–009, 7–068,
15–108 to 15–113, 16–033
Gallagher v Hirsch, N.Y. 45 App. Div. 467 (1899)............................................................12–142
Galoo Ltd v Bright Grahame Murray [1994] 1 W.L.R. 1360; [1995]
1 All E.R. 16; [1994] B.C.C. 319, CA (Civ Div) ....................................................20–046
Garnac Grain Co Inc v HMF Faure & Fairclough Ltd; sub nom.
Bunge Corp v HMF Faure & Fairclough Ltd [1968]
A.C. 1130; [1967] 3 W.L.R. 143; [1967] 2 All E.R. 353; [1967]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 495; (1967) 111 S.J. 434, HL..........................................................11–005
Gassman Corp (1999) ASBCA Nos 44,975, 44,976 .................................. 7–009, 7–012, 7–093,
9–026, 9–063, 14–181, 15–041, 16–034,
16–060, 16–090, 16–091, 16–092
Gaymark Investments Pty Ltd v Walter Construction Group Ltd
(formerly Concrete Constructions Group Ltd) (1999)
NTSC 143; (1999) 16 B.C.L. 449..................................... 2–076, 5–044, 5–136 to 5–139,
5–144, 5–147, 6–125, App.3
Geldof Metaalconstructie NV v Simon Carves Ltd [2010]
EWCA Civ 667; [2010] 4 All E.R. 847; [2011]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 517; [2010] 1 C.L.C. 895; [2010]
B.L.R. 401; [2010] T.C.L.R. 6; 130 Con. L.R. 37; [2010]
C.I.L.L. 2880; [2011] Bus. L.R. D61; Times, June 21, 2010 .....................................7–116
Genesis Housing Association Ltd v Liberty Syndicate Management Ltd; [2013]
Bus. L.R. 1399; [2013] 2 C.L.C. 444; [2013] B.L.R. 565; 151 Con.
L.R. 81; [2014] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 318; [2013] C.I.L.L. 3417; [2013]
42 E.G. 124 (C.S.) .................................................................................................2–153
George Hyman Construction v Washington Metropolitan Area
Transit Authority, 621 F.Supp. 898 (DDC, 1985) .....................................21–160, 21–185
George Sollitt Construction Co v United States, No.99–979 C (2005) ...................7–008, 9–019,
9–035, 10–013
Gilbert Ash (Northern) Ltd v Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd;
sub nom. Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd v Gilbert Ash (Northern) Ltd
[1974] A.C. 689; [1973] 3 W.L.R. 421; [1973] 3 All E.R. 195;
1 B.L.R. 73; 72 L.G.R. 1; (1973) 117 S.J. 745, HL ........................3–048, 21–235, 21–264
Gillies Ramsay Diamond v PJW Enterprises Ltd; sub nom.
Diamond v PJW Enterprises Ltd, 2004 S.C. 430; 2004 S.L.T. 545;
[2004] B.L.R. 131; 2004 G.W.D. 12–262, IH (2 Div)................................22–111, 23–019
Girardeau Contractors Inc (1988) EBCA No.5,034, 88–1 BCA (CCH) at 20,391 ............11–111
Gladman Commercial Properties v Fisher Hargreaves Proctor [2013]
EWCA Civ 1466; [2014] C.P. Rep. 13; [2014] P.N.L.R. 11; [2013]
47 E.G. 128 (C.S.) ...............................................................................................22–064
Glasgow Inc v Department of Transport, 108 Pa. Comm. 48,529 A.2d 576 (1987) ...........19–072
Glendalough Associated SA v Harris Calnan Construction Co Ltd [2013]
EWHC 3142 (TCC); [2014] 1 W.L.R. 1751; [2013] 3 E.G.L.R. 115; [2014]
C.I.L.L. 3441 .......................................................................................................22–106
Glenlion Construction Ltd v Guinness Trust (1987) 39 B.L.R. 89;
11 Con. L.R. 126; (1988) 4 Const. L.J. 39, QBD ............... 4–206, 7–095, 16–093, 16–094
Global Time Investments Ltd v Super Keen Investments Ltd [2000] HKCFA 104 ......................App.3
Glynn v Margetson & Co; sub nom. Margetson v Glynn [1893] A.C. 351, HL ........................ 2–071
xlvi
TABLE OF CASES
Goddard v Nationwide BS [1987] Q.B. 670; [1986] 3 W.L.R. 734;

[1986] 3 All E.R. 264; (1986) 83 L.S.G. 3592; (1986)
137 N.L.J. 775; (1986) 130 S.J. 803, CA (Civ Div) ...................................................App.l
Golf Landscaping Inc v Century Construction Co,
39 Wash. App. 895; 696 P.2d 590 (1985) ...............................................................21–185
Great Eastern Hotel Co Ltd v John Laing Construction Ltd [2005]
EWHC 181 (TCC); [2005] All E.R. 368; 99 Con. L.R. 45 ............... 3–054, 4–209, 4–215,
6–145, 7–007, 9–018, 9–036,
9–080 to 9–083, 9–085,
10–031, 10–083, 15–115,
17–026, 18–133, 20–045,
22–038, App.3
Greater London Council v Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co Ltd (1986)
34 B.L.R. 50; 8 Con. L.R. 30, CA (Civ Div) ..................................7–065, 11–047, 18–127
Greenwich Millennium Village Ltd v Essex Services Group Plc
(formerly Essex Electrical Group Ltd) [2013] EWHC 3059 (TCC);
151 Con. L.R. 1 ...................................................................................................21–009
Grumman Aerospace Corp (on behalf of Rohr Corp) (2001) 01–1 BCA at 31,316 ..........13–041,
19–038, 19–039, 20–064
Grundt v Great Boulder Pty Gold Mines Ltd, (39) 59 CLR 641 ........................................5–096
Grupo Hotelero Urvasco SA v Carey Value Added SL
(formerly Losan Hotels World Value Added I SL) [2013]
EWHC 1039 (Comm); [2013] Bus. L.R. D45 .......................................................20–120
Gulf Contracting Inc (1990) 90–1 BCA (CCH) at 22,393 .................................15–011, 15–017,
15–113, 15–149, 16–036
H v Schering Chemicals Ltd [1983] 1 W.L.R. 143; [1983]
1 All E.R. 849; (1983) 127 S.J. 88, QBD ...............................................................22–049
H Fairweather & Co Ltd v Wandsworth LBC (1987)
39 B.L.R. 106, QBD ...................................................................14–098, 20–018, 20–019
HOK Sport Ltd (formerly Lobb Partnership Ltd) v Aintree Racecourse Co Ltd [2002]
EWHC 3094 (TCC); [2003] B.L.R. 155; 86 Con. L.R. 165;
[2003] Lloyd’s Rep. P.N. 148 ..................................................................................2–101
HW Detwiler Co Inc (1989) ASBCA No.35,327, 89–2 BCA (CCH) at 21,612 ................14–230
Hackney BC v Doré [1922] 1 K.B. 431, KBD ...................................................................4–055
Hadley v Baxendale, 156 E.R. 145; (1854) 9 Ex. 341, Ex Ct ..............................21–003, 21–005,
21–007, 21–123, 21–247
Halifax Life Ltd v Equitable Life Assurance Society; [2007]
2 All E.R. (Comm) 672; [2007] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 528; (2007)
23 Const. L.J. 373; [2007] 17 E.G. 172 (C.S.); [2007] Bus. L.R. D101 ..................22–103
Hall v Van Der Heiden [2010] EWHC 586 (TCC) ............................................................4–172
Hall (Inspector of Taxes) v Lorimer [1994] 1 W.L.R. 209; [1994]
1 All E.R. 250; [1994] S.T.C. 23; [1994] I.C.R. 218; [1994]
I.R.L.R. 171; 66 T.C. 349; [1993] S.T.I. 1382; (1993)
90(45) L.S.G. 45; (1993) 137 S.J.L.B. 256, CA (Civ Div) ......................................21–049
Hamlin v Edwin Evans (A Firm) (1996) 80 B.L.R. 85; 52 Con. L.R. 106; (1997)
29 H.L.R. 414; [1996] P.N.L.R. 398; [1996] 2 E.G.L.R. 106; [1996]
47 E.G. 141; [1996] E.G. 120 (C.S.); (1996) 93(27) L.S.G. 29; (1996)
140 S.J.L.B. 167; [1996] N.P.C. 110, CA (Civ Div) ...............................................22–062
Hammersmatch Properties (Welwyn) Ltd v Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics Ltd [2013]
EWHC 2227 (TCC); [2013] B.L.R. 554; 149 Con. L.R. 147; [2013]
5 Costs L.R. 758; [2013] 3 E.G.L.R. 123; (2013) 163(7571) N.L.J. 20 .................... 22–120
Haney v United States, 676 F.2d 584 (Ct. Cl., 1983) ............................................7–068, 15–011
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TABLE OF CASES
Hardesty & Hanover International LLC v Abigroup Contractors Pty Ltd [2010] SASC 44 .........22–105
Hardypond Construction v University of Maine System, Ne Super,
LEXIS 48 (May 6, 2013) ......................................................................................22–115
Hart v Smith [2009] EWHC 2223 (TCC); (2009) 159 N.L.J. 1296 .................................22–112
Havant BC v South Coast Shipping Ltd (No.1) (1998) 14 Const. L.J. 420, QBD ...............7–169
Hawl Mac Construction v Campbell River (1985) 60 B.C.L.R. 57; (1985)
1 Const. L.J. 370, Sup. Ct (BC) .................................................................. 6–079, 6–138
Heat Exchangers, ASBCA No.8,705, 63–1 BCA (CCH) at 3,881.....................................16–127
Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] A.C. 465;
[1963] 3 W.L.R. 101; [1963] 2 All E.R. 575; [1963]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 485; (1963) 107 S.J. 454, HL.................................... 2–171, 2–177, 2–192,
22–079, 22–081, 22–082
Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd (No.1); sub nom.
Gooda Walker Ltd v Deeny; McLarnon Deeney v Gooda Walker Ltd;
Arbuthnott v Fagan; Hallam-Eames v Merrett Syndicates Ltd;
Hughes v Merrett Syndicates Ltd; Feltrim Underwriting Agencies Ltd v
Arbuthnott; Deeny v Gooda Walker Ltd (Duty of Care) [1995]
2 A.C. 145; [1994] 3 W.L.R. 761; [1994] 3 All E.R. 506; [1994]
2 Lloyd’s Rep. 468; [1994] C.L.C. 918; (1994) 144 N.L.J. 1204, HL............ 2–173, 2–177
Henry v News Group Newspaper Ltd (2013) [2013] EWCA Civ 19; [2013]
2 All E.R. 840; [2013] C.P. Rep. 20; [2013] 2 Costs L.R. 334;
(2013) 163 N.L.J. 140; (2013) 157(5) S.J.L.B. 31 ..................................................22–120
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Alstom Combined Cycles Ltd [1999]
B.L.R. 123; 64 Con. L.R. 32, QBD (TCC) ..................................... 4–320, 5–041, 12–109
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Alstom Combined Cycles Ltd;
sub nom. Henry Boot Construction v Alston Combined Cycles;
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v GEC Alstom Combined Cycles Ltd [2000]
C.L.C. 1147; [2000] B.L.R. 247; (2000) 2 T.C.L.R. 735; 69 Con. L.R. 27; (2000)
16 Const. L.J. 400; (2000) 97(17) L.S.G. 32; (2000) 144 S.J.L.B. 204,
CA (Civ Div) ................................................................................ 4–273, 4–277, 12–109
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Alstom Combined Cycles Ltd [2005]
EWCA Civ 814; [2005] 1 W.L.R. 3850; [2005] 3 All E.R. 832; [2005]
2 C.L.C. 63; [2005] B.L.R. 437; 101 Con. L.R. 52; (2005)
102(30) L.S.G. 28 .....................................................................................9–109, 14–025
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Central Lancashire New Town
Development Corp (1980) 15 B.L.R. 1, QBD.............................................4–174, 18–002
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v GEC Alstom Combined Cycles Ltd.
See Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Alstom Combined Cycles Ltd
Henry Boot Construction (UK) Ltd v Malmaison Hotel (Manchester) Ltd (1999) 70 Con. L.R.
32; (1999) C.I.L.L. 1527, QBD ........................................... 4–209, 5–041, 6–050, 6–053,
9–022, 9–023, 9–032, 10–040, 15–003,
16–131, 18–078, 18–079, App.3
Heron II, The. See Koufos v C Czarnikow Ltd
Heskell v Continental Express Ltd [1950] 1 All E.R. 1033;
(1949–50) 83 Ll. L. Rep. 438; [1950] W.N. 210; (1950) 94 S.J. 339, KBD ...........20–043, 20–045
Hewitt Construction Co, Eng BCA Nos 4,596, 4,597,
83–2 BCA I 16,816 at 83,643 (1983) ....................................................................19–072
Hick v Raymond & Reid; sub nom. Hick v Rodocanachi;
Pantland Hick v Raymond & Reid [1893] A.C. 22; [1891–4]
All E.R. Rep. 491, HL........................................................... 6–154, 6–155, 6–163, 6–173
Hickman & Co v Roberts [1913] A.C. 229, HL .................................................................6–070
Higginson Securities (Developments) Ltd v Hudson [2012]
EWHC 1052 (TCC); [2012] T.C.L.R. 6................................................................22–122
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TABLE OF CASES
Highgrade Traders Ltd, Re [1984] B.C.L.C. 151, CA (Civ Div) .......................................13–271

Hoel-Steffen Construction Co v United States, 456 F.2d 760 (Ct. Cl., 1972) ......... 5–158, 5–159
Holder Construction Group v Georgia Tech Facilities Inc,
WL 2807182 (Ga. Ct. App. 2006) ...........................................................................4–057
Holland Dredging (UK) Ltd v Dredging & Construction Co (1987)
37 B.L.R. 1; 14 Con. L.R. 30, CA (Civ Div) ............................................................7–168
Holland Hannen & Cubitts (Northern) Ltd v Welsh Health Technical
Services Organisation (1981) 18 B.L.R. 80 ..............................................................6–075
Holme v Guppy (1838) 3 M. & W. 387 .......................................... 6–077, 6–116, 6–117, 18–071
Honeywell Control Systems Ltd v Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd [2007]
EWHC 390 (TCC) ................................................................................................2–087
Hoppe v Titman [1996] 1 W.L.R. 841; (1996) 140 S.J.L.B. 58, CA (Civ Div) ...................22–063
Horace Holman Group Ltd v Sherwood International Group Ltd [2001]
All E.R. (D) 83 (Nov) ..............................................................................17–074, 17–085
Hosier & Dickinson v P&M Kaye. See P&M Kaye Ltd v Hosier & Dickinson Ltd
Hounslow LBC v Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd [1971]
Ch. 233; [1970] 3 W.L.R. 538; [1970] 3 All E.R. 326; 7 B.L.R. 81;
69 L.G.R. 109; (1970) 114 S.J. 603, Ch D.....................................6–070, 16–089, 18–129
Housing Authority of City of Dallas, Texas v Hubbell-Hubbard
Associates Contractors, 325 SW.2d 880 (Tex., 1959) ................................21–277, 21–278
Houston Ready-Cut House Co v United States, 119 Ct. Cl. 120; F.Supp. 629 (1951) ..........19–024
How Engineering Services Ltd v Lindner Ceilings Floors Partitions Plc [1999]
2 All E.R. (Comm) 374; 64 Con. L.R. 67, QBD .......................................22–157, 22–158
Hsin Chong Construction (Asia) Ltd v Henble Ltd [2006] HKCFI 940; (2005)
HCCT 000023A/2005, August 18, 2006 .....................4–271, 5–073, 5–074, 5–148, App.3
Humber Oil Terminals Trustee Ltd v Harbour and General Works (Stevin) (1991)
59 B.L.R. 1; 32 Con. L.R. 78; (1991) 7 Const. L.J. 333, CA (Civ Div) ............4–145 to 4–147
Hughes Bros Pty Ltd v Minister for Public Works, unreported,
17 August 1994, BC 9402885.................................................................................22–105
Hunt v Optima (Cambridge) Ltd [2013] EWHC 681 (TCC); 148 Con. L.R. 27 ................2–166
Hunte v E Bottomley & Sons Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 1168; [2008] C.P. Rep. 3 ................13–171
Hussey v Eels [1990] 2 Q.B. 227; [1990] 2 W.L.R. 234; [1990]
1 All E.R. 449; [1990] 19 E.G. 77; [1989] E.G. 168 (C.S.); (1990)
140 N.L.J. 53, CA (Civ Div) .................................................................................11–006
IBM United Kingdom Ltd v Rockware Glass Ltd [1980] F.S.R. 335, CA (Civ Div) ..........11–037
ICI Plc v Bovis Construction Ltd (1992) 8 Const. L.J. 293 ................................14–214, 14–215,
19–043, 19–044, 19–053
Igloo Regeneration (General Partner) Ltd v Powell Williams
Partnership [2013] EWHC 1718 (TCC) .................................................................2–166
Ikarian Reefer, The. See National Justice Compania Naviera SA v Prudential Assurance Co Ltd
Imperial Gas Light and Coke Co v Broadbent, 11 E.R. 239; (1859) 7 H.L. Cas. 600, QB..........2–191
Inforex v United States, 223 Ct. Cl. 633 (1980)...............................................................11–097
Inframatrix Investments Ltd v Dean Construction Ltd [2012]
EWCA Civ 64; [2012] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 337; 140 Con. L.R. 59; (2012)
28 Const. L.J. 438; [2012] C.I.L.L. 3145 ..............................................................21–264
Integrity Management International Inc (1975) ASBCA No.18,
289, 75–1 BCA at 11,235 .....................................................................................12–193
Interstate General Government Contractors Inc v West, 12 F.3d 1053
(Fed. Cir., 1993) .............................................................7–093, 21–150, 21–158, 21–185
Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich BS (No.2) [1999]
Lloyd’s Rep. P.N. 496, Ch D ....................................................................... 2–071, 2–072
Ipex ITG Pty Ltd v Melbourne Water Corp (No.3) [2006] VSC 83 ....................14–011, 19–003,
19–057 to 19–059
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TABLE OF CASES
J, Re [1990] 1 F.C.R. 193 ...............................................................................................22–045

J Crosby & Sons Ltd v Portland Urban DC (1967) 5 B.L.R. 121, QBD.............5–160, 19–025 to
19–027
J&J Fee Ltd v Express Lift Co (1993) 34 Con. L.R. 147; (1994) 10 Const. L.J. 151, QBD...........6–165
JA Jones Construction Co, Eng BCA (1972) No.3,035 at 3,222 ............................. 9–026, 9–029
JA Jones Construction Co v City of Dover (1997) 372 A.2d 540 ........................................2–085
JC & Sons Ltd v Southwark LBC (1981) Times, April 16 ...................................21–047, 21–048
J-Corp Pty Ltd v Mladenis and Graham Athletic Pty Ltd [2009]
WASCA 157 ..............................................................................21–242, 21–244, 21–245
JD Hedin Construction Co v United States, 171 Ct. Cl. 86, 347 F.2d 235 (1965) .............19–072
JD Wetherspoon Plc v Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue
and Customs [2007] UKSPC SPC 00657 .............................................................21–100
JE Dunn Construction Co (2000) GSBCA 14,477, 00–1 BCA, para.30,806.....................12–019
JF Finnegan Ltd v Sheffield City Council (1988) 43 B.L.R. 124, QBD...............21–146, 21–148,
21–165, 31–169,
21–177, 21–178
JP Morgan Bank (formerly Chase Manhattan Bank) v Springwell
Navigation Corp [2008] EWHC 1186 (Comm) .....................................................21–264
JW Bateson Co Inc (1984) ASBCA No.27,491, 84–3 BCA at 17,566 .................14–169, 15–018,
16–075
JW Mertz (1959) IBCA 64, 59–1 BCA (CCH) at 2,086 ....................................................5–090
Jackson v Marley Davenport Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 1225; [2004]
1 W.L.R. 2926; [2005] C.P. Rep. 8; [2005] B.L.R. 13; [2005]
P.I.Q.R. P10; [2005] 1 E.G.L.R. 103; (2004) 101(38) L.S.G. 29; (2004)
148 S.J.L.B. 1121 ....................................................................................13–272, 22–028
Jackson Construction Co Inc v United States, Case No.97–31C,
September 15, 2004.................................................................................21–150, 31–164
Jarvis & Sons Ltd v Westminster Corp [1970] 1 W.L.R. 637; [1970]
1 All E.R. 943; 68 L.G.R. 470, HL ........................................................................25–017
Jeancharm Ltd (t/a Beaver International) v Barnet Football Club Ltd [2003] EWCA Civ 58;
[2003] All E.R. 69; 92 Con. L.R. 26 .........................................................11–190, 21–238
Jenson v Faux [2011] EWCA Civ 423; [2011] 1 W.L.R. 3038; [2011]
T.C.L.R. 4; [2011] H.L.R. 30; [2011] 2 P. & C.R. 11; [2011]
C.I.L.L. 3025; [2011] N.P.C. 42; Times, April 26, 2011 ...........................................2–165
Jerram Falkus Construction Ltd v Fenice Investmetns Inc [2011]
C.I.L.L. 3072s .....................................................................................................22–112
John Barker Construction Ltd v London Portman Hotel Ltd (1996) 83 B.L.R. 31;
50 Con. L.R. 43; (1996) 12 Const. L.J. 277, QBD ................ 2–086, 2–092, 2–093, 3–016,
6–046, 6–056, 6–058 to 6–062, 6–065, 6–069, 6–135, 6–145, 7–074,
7–108, 7–109, 10–075, 11–067, 11–159, 11–168, 12–020, 12–096 to
12–098, 12–103, 12–160, 12–164, 12–185, 13–196, 14–005,
14–010, 14–178, 14–179, 14–180, 14–215, 15–003, 15–017,
15–090, 15–100, 15–101, 18–009, 18–027, 20–008, 22–038
John Doyle Construction Ltd v Laing Management (Scotland) Ltd; sub nom.
Laing Management (Scotland) Ltd v John Doyle Construction Ltd, 2004
S.C. 713; 2004 S.C.L.R. 872; [2004] B.L.R. 295; (2004) 20 Const.
L.J. 477; [2004] C.I.L.L. 2135; 2004 G.W.D. 20–434,
IH (Ex Div) ................................................. 1–014, 18–111, 18–112, 19–001, 19–065 to
19–067, 19–069, 19–072, 20–033, 20–055, 20–069
John E Green Plumbing and Heating v Turner Construction Co,
F.2d 965 (6th Cir., 1984) 8 CCH para.478............................................21–274 to 21–276
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John Grimes Partnership Ltd v Gubbins [2013] EWCA Civ 37; [2013]
B.L.R. 126; 146 Con. L.R. 26; [2013] P.N.L.R. 17; [2013] 2 E.G.L.R. 31 ................ 21–214
John Holland Construction & Engineering Pty Ltd v Kvaerner
RJ Brown Pty Ltd (1996) 82 B.L.R. 83, Sup. Ct (Vic.) ...........................................19–022
John Jarvis Ltd v Rockdale Housing Association (1986) 36 B.L.R. 48;
10 Con. L.R. 51; (1987) 3 Const. L.J. 24, CA (Civ Div).........................................11–211
John Mowlem & Co Plc v Eagle Star Insurance Co Ltd (No.1) (1992)
62 B.L.R. 126; 33 Con. L.R. 131, QBD....................................................... 3–051, 4–045
John Mowlem & Co Plc v Eagle Star Insurance Co Ltd (No.2) (1995)
44 Con. L.R. 134; [1995] N.P.C. 64, CA .................................................................App.3
John Murphy Construction Co, AGBCA No.418, 79 1 BCA (CCH) at 13,836 .................12–192
John T Jones Contracting (1996) ASBCA Nos 48,303 and 48,593 ...................................15–102
Jolliffe v Exeter Corp; sub nom. Jolliffe v Exeter City Council [1967]
1 W.L.R. 993; [1967] 2 All E.R. 1099; (1967) 131 J.P. 421;
65 L.G.R. 401; (1967) 18 P. & C.R. 343; [1967] R.V.R. 413;
(1967) 111 S.J. 414, CA (Civ Div) ..........................................................................2–187
Jones v St John’s College, Oxford (1870–71) L.R. 6 Q.B. 115 ............................................App.3
Jose v MacSalvors Plant Hire Ltd; sub nom. MacSalvors Plant Hire Ltd v
Brush Transformers Ltd [2009] EWCA Civ 1329; [2010]
T.C.L.R. 2; [2010] C.I.L.L. 2809............................................................................2–168
Joseph Sternberger, Trustee in Bankruptcy for Spenco Inc v
United States, 401 F.2d 1012 (1968).............................................9–072, 19–008, 20–054
KA & SBM Feakins Ltd v Dover Harbour Board (1998)
10 Admin. L.R. 665; (1998) 95(36) L.S.G. 31; (1998) 142 S.J.L.B. 226, QBD .........2–182
K/S Lincoln v CB Richard Ellis Hotels Ltd [2010] EWHC
1156 (TCC); [2010] P.N.L.R. 31; (2011) 27 Const. L.J. 50 .....................................2–166
Kane Constructions Pty Ltd v Sopov [2005] VSC 237; (2006)
B.C.L. 92; (2007) 23 Const. L.J. 145..........................................................6–135, 21–202
Kansas City Bridge Co v Kansas City Structural Sheet Co, SW.2d 370 (Mo., 1980) .........21–152
Kato Corp (2006) ASBC 51462, 06–2 BCA p.33293.........................................................6–067
Kemble v Farren (1829) 6 Bing. 141 ...............................................................................21–232
Kemron Environmental Services Corp (1999) ASBCA 51,536 ..............7–009, 9–024, 9–063, 15–040
Kier Regional Ltd (t/a Wallis) v City & General (Holborn) Ltd [2008]
EWHC 2454 (TCC); [2009] B.L.R. 90; (2009)
25 Const. L.J. 36; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2639 .....................................................2–142; 23–063
Kinetic Builders Inc (1999) ASBCA Nos 51,012 and 51,611 ..............................14–013, 15–003
Kitsons Insulation Contractors Ltd v Balfour Beatty Buildings Ltd (1991)
8–C.L.D.–05–04, QB............................................................................21–208 to 21–210
Kitsons Sheet Metal v Matthew Hall Mechanical & Electrical
Engineers (1989) 47 B.L.R. 82 ...................................................... 7–060, 7–175, 21–267
Knightley v Johns [1982] 1 W.L.R. 349; [1982] 1 All E.R. 851; [1982]
R.T.R. 182; (1982) 126 S.J. 101, CA (Civ Div) ......................................................14–004
Koufos v C Czarnikow Ltd (The Heron II); sub nom. C Czarnikow Ltd v Koufos
(The Heron II) [1969] 1 A.C. 350; [1967] 3 W.L.R. 1491; [1967]
3 All E.R. 686; [1967] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 457; (1967) 111 S.J. 848, HL .......................... 17–064
Kvaerner Construction Ltd v Egger (Barony) Ltd,
unreported, 2000, QBD ........................................... 7–008, 9–015, 9–017, 9–023, 17–026
L&C Europa Contracting (2004) ASBCA No.52,848 ..............................9–027, 13–012, 15–042
Laburnum Construction Corp v United States,
163 Ct. Cl. 339, F.2d 451 (1964) ........................7–085, 18–108, 21–041, 21–085, 21–139
Lacaba Ahden Australia Pty Ltd v Bucyrus (Australia) Pty Ltd [2005]
QSC 335 .................................................................................................19–015, 19–016
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Lafarge (Aggregates) Ltd v Newham LBC [2005] EWHC 1337

(Comm); [2005] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 577 ......................................................... 5–106 to 5–109
Lamb Engineering & Construction Co (1997)
EBCA 97–2 BCA 29,207 ..................................13–170, 14–182, 17–127, 17–149, 17–150
Lane-Verdugo (1973) VABCA Nos 16,327, 16,328, 73–2 BCA (CCH) at 10,271 .............15–113
Lebeaupin v Richard Crispin & Co [1920] 2 K.B. 714; (1920)
4 Ll. L. Rep. 122, KBD .................................................................... 4–054, 4–055, 4–056
Lee Masonry Inc v City of Franklin, Tennessee,
No.M2008–02844–COA–R3–CV (Tenn. Ct. App., 2010) 3–029, ............. 3–038, 5–030 to
5–032, 5–070, 5–091
Leedsford Ltd v City of Bradford (1956) 24 B.L.R. 45 ....................................................12–188
Leighton Contractors (Asia) Ltd v Stelux Holdings Ltd [2004]
HKCFI 822; (2007) 23 Const. L.J. 70 ........................... 4–209, 9–036, 14–004, 14–071 to
14–073, 15–114, 18–089, 18–132, App.3
Lester & Huges v White [1992] N.Z.L.R. 483....................................................................2–180
Lewis Jorge Construction Management Inc v Pomona Unified School District,
34 Cal.4th 960 (2004) ..........................................................................................21–140
Leyland Shipping Co Ltd v Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society Ltd [1918]
A.C. 350, HL .............................................................................14–002, 20–003, 20–046
Liberty Mercian Ltd v Cuddy Civil Engineering Ltd [2013]
EWHC 2688 (TCC); [2014] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 761; [2014]
B.L.R. 179; [2013] T.C.L.R. 9; 150 Con. L.R. 124 ..................................................2–092
Liberty Syndicate Management Ltd v Campagna Ltd [2011]
EWHC 209 (TCC); (2011) 27 Const. L.J. 275 ........................................................2–168
Liebe v Molloy (1906) 4 C.L.R. 347 .....................................................12–168, 12–169, 12–170
Liesbosch, The; sub nom. Owner of the Liesbosch v Owners of the Edison;
Liesbosch Dredger v SS Edison [1933] A.C. 449; [1933]
All E.R. Rep. 144; (1933) 45 Ll. L. Rep. 123, HL ..................................................21–069
Lilly Ames Co Inc v United States, 293 F.2d 630 (Ct. Cl., 1961) .....................................21–190
Lim Ting Guan v Goodlink Enterprise [2004] 25 Const. L.J. 52 ......................................21–224
Linden Gardens Trust Ltd v Lenesta Sludge Disposal Ltd;
St Martins Property Corp Ltd v Sir Robert McAlpine & Sons [1994]
1 A.C. 85; [1993] 3 W.L.R. 408; [1993] 3 All E.R. 417;
63 B.L.R. 1; 36 Con. L.R. 1; [1993] E.G. 139 (C.S.); (1993)
143 N.L.J. 1152; (1993) 137 S.J.L.B. 183, HL ................................................................. 2–064
Lingke v Christchurch Corp [1912] 3 K.B. 595, CA ..........................................................2–191
Lipman Pty Ltd v Emergency Services Superannuation Board [2010] NSWSC 710.............22–105
Lisbon Contractors Inc v United States, 828 F.2d 759 (1987) ..........................................17–005
Lissack v Manhattan Loft Corp Ltd [2013] EWHC 128 (Ch) ..........................................21–192
Livingstone v Rawyards Coal Co (1879–80) L.R. 5 App. Cas. 25, HL ..............................21–001
Locke v United States, 151 Ct. Cl. 262; 283 F.2d 521 (1960) ..........................................19–024
London & Amsterdam Properties v Waterman Partnership [2003]
EWHC 3059 (TCC); [2004] B.L.R. 179; 94 Con. L.R. 154; (2004)
20 Const. L.J. 215 ................................................................................................23–008
London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority (LFEPA) v
Halcrow Gilbert & Co Ltd; Halcrow Gilbert & Co Ltd v Jones [2004]
EWHC 2340 (TCC); [2005] B.L.R. 18 .................................................................13–271
London Steam Stone Saw Mills v Lorden (1900) H.B.C. (4th edn) 301 ...........................12–082
London Underground Ltd v Kenchington Ford Plc, 63 Con. L.R. 1; [1999]
C.I.L.L. 1452, QBD ................................................................................15–001, 22–054
Lord Elphinstone v Monkland Iron & Coal Co Ltd; sub nom.
Lord Elphinstone v Markland Iron & Coal Co Ltd (1886)
L.R. 11 App. Cas. 332, HL....................................................................................21–233
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TABLE OF CASES
Lubenham Fidelities & Investment Co Ltd v South Pembrokeshire DC,

33 B.L.R. 39; 6 Con. L.R. 85; (1986) 2 Const. L.J. 111, CA (Civ Div) ......11–211, 21–132
Luria Brothers & Co v United States, 369 F.2d 701 (Ct. Cl., 1996)..................................17–009
M v Newham LBC. See X (Minors) v Bedfordshire CC
M&J Polymers Ltd v Imerys Minerals Ltd[2008] EWHC 344 (Comm); [2008]
1 All E.R. (Comm) 893; [2008] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 541; [2008]
1 C.L.C. 276; 117 Con. L.R. 88; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2575; [2008] Bus.
L.R. D68; Times, April 2, 2008 .............................................................................25–013
MCI Constructors (1996) DCCAB No.D–924, WL 331,212 ..............................18–033, 18–126
MJ Gleeson (Contractors) Ltd v Hillingdon LBC (1970) 215 E.G. 165..............................7–107
MJ Gleeson Group Plc v Axa Corporate Solutions Assurance SA [2013]
Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 677, QBD (TCC) .........................................................................2–153
McAlpine Humberoak Ltd v McDermott International Inc (No.1) (1992)
58 B.L.R. 1; 28 Con. L.R. 76; (1992) 8 Const. L.J. 383,
CA (Civ Div) .......................................2–118, 13–163, 14–124, 15–003, 17–026, 19–043,
21–029, 21–215, 22–005, 22–041
McAlpine Humberoak Ltd v McDermott International Inc (No.2) (1993)
58 B.L.R. 61, CA (Civ Div) .................................................................................14–078,
McCabe v British American Tobacco Australia Services Ltd [2002] VSC 73 .....................13–248
MacEachern v Monaghan (2001) PESCTD 81 ...............................................................12–016
McGuire & Hester v City & County of San Francisco, Cal.App.
2d 186; 247 F.2d 934 (1952) ...................................................................21–281, 21–282
Mackay v Dick (1880–81) L.R. 6 App. Cas. 251, HL .........................................................8–081
McMahon Construction Pty v Crestwood Estates [1971] W.A.R. 162 .................................6–122
McNutt Construction Co (1985) EBCA No.4,724, 85–3
BCA (CCH) at 18,397 ...............................................................11–111, 11–132, 13–010
Macob Civil Engineering Ltd v Morrison Construction Ltd [1999]
C.L.C. 739; [1999] B.L.R. 93; (1999) 1 T.C.L.R. 113; 64 Con.
L.R. 1; [1999] 3 E.G.L.R. 7; [1999] 37 E.G. 173; (1999)
15 Const. L.J. 300; (1999) 96(10) L.S.G. 28, QBD...................................22–108, 22–111
MacSalvors Plant Hire Ltd v Brush Transformers Ltd.
See Jose v MacSalvors Plant Hire Ltd
Mainteck Services Pty Ltd v Stein Heurtey SA [2014] NSWCA 184 ..................................App.3
Malhotra v Dhawan [1997] EWCA Civ 1096; [1997] 8 Med. L.R. 319 ............................13–244
Manuel Bros Inc v United States, 55 Fed. Cl. 8 (2002) ......................................................7–068
Mariner International Hotels Ltd v Atlas Ltd [2004] HKCFI 630 ....................................13–253
Maron Constr. Co Inc (1998) GSBCA No.13625, 98–1 BCA, para.29,685 ........................7–093
Maryland Sanitary Manufacturing Corp v United States, 119 Ct. Cl. 100 (1951) .............17–119
Masons (A Firm) v WD King Ltd [2003] EWHC 3124 (TCC);
92 Con. L.R. 144....................................... 2–056, 2–077, 7–002, 7–103, 10–046, 10–094,
11–059, 11–189, 11–201 to 11–203, 11–209,
11–210, 11–212, 11–213, 12–025, 21–009,
21–228, 21–231, 21–251
Massman Construction Co v Tennessee Valley Authority,
769 F.2d 1114 (6th Cir., 1985) .............................................................................21–160
Matsoukis v Priestman & Co [1915] 1 K.B. 681, KBD .......................................... 4–054, 4–055
Mayor, The, Aldermen and Burgesses of Hounslow v
Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd. See Hounslow LBC v
Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd
Mel Williamson Inc v United States, 229 Ct. Cl. 846 (1982) ............................................14–117
Melka Marine Inc v United States, 187 F.3d 1370 (1999) ................................................21–150
Menolly Investments 3 Sarl v Cerep Sarl [2009] EWHC 516 (Ch); 125
Con. L.R. 75 ..........................................................................................................6–044
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Merton LBC v Stanley Hugh Leach Ltd (1985)

32 B.L.R. 51; (1986) 2 Const. L.J. 189, Ch D .................... 2–082, 2–083, 2–084, 4–211 to
4–214, 4–223, 5–025 to 5–027, 5–044,
5–046, 5–139, 6–076, 9–036,
14–049, 18–105, 19–027, 19–068
Meyer v Gilmer (1899) N.Z.L.R. 129 .............................................................................12–174
Michael v Andrews (1925) 2 Q.J.P.R. 30 .........................................................................12–169
Micallef v Malta (17056/06) (2010) 50 E.H.R.R. 37; 28 B.H.R.C. 31 ..............................23–020
Michael Salliss & Co Ltd v Calil (1987) 13 Con. L.R. 68; (1988) 4 Const. L.J. 125, QBD ...........2–167
Micklefield v SAC Technology Ltd [1990] 1 W.L.R. 1002; [1991]
1 All E.R. 275; [1990] I.R.L.R. 218, Ch D ..............................................................6–124
Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust v Compass Group UK and
Ireland Ltd (t/a Medirest); sub nom. Compass Group UK and
Ireland Ltd (t/a Medirest) v Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust [2013]
EWCA Civ 200; [2013] B.L.R. 265; [2013] C.I.L.L. 342 .........................................2–068
Mid Glamorgan CC v J Devonald Williams & Partner, 29 Con.
L.R. 129; (1992) 8 Const. L.J. 61, QBD .....................................19–043, 19–045, 19–046,
19–049, 19–050, 19–060, 19–068
Midland Expressway Ltd v Carillion Construction Ltd (No.2) [2005]
EWHC 2963 (TCC); 106 Con. L.R. 154 ................................................................3–070
Mies Equipment Inc v NCI Building Systems LP, 167 F.Supp. 2d 1077 (D. Minn., 2001).........6–113
Miller v London CC; sub nom. Miller v LCC [1934] All E.R. 657; (1934) 50 T.L.R. 479 ..........6–080
Minmar Builders Inc (1972) GSBCA No.3,430, 72–2 BCA (CCH) at 9,599 ........... 8–012, 14–229
Minor v Minor, 863 S.W.2d 51 (Tenn. Ct. App., 1993) ......................................................6–165
Mirant Asia-Pacific Construction (Hong Kong) Ltd v Ove Arup &
Partners International Ltd [2007] EWHC 918 (TCC); [2007]
C.I.L.L. 2480; [2008] Bus. L.R. D1 ........................ 1–012, 1–029, 4–209, 7–029, 10–004,
13–244, 13–245, 14–004, 14–010,
14–190, 14–193, 14–194, 14–196, 15–007,
15–010, 15–167, 15–170, 15–173,
18–009, 20–008, 21–118, App.3
Mitchell v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2013] EWCA Civ 1537 ..........................................22–120
Mitchell v Pacific Dawn Pty Ltd [2003] QSC 086 ..............................................22–073, 22–074
Mithen Ltd v Lighting Technology Projects Ltd [2001] ADJCS 04/09 (TCC)...................23–050
Mitsui Construction Co Ltd v Attorney General of Hong Kong (1986)
33 B.L.R. 1; 10 Con. L.R. 1; [1987] H.K.L.R. 1076; (1986)
2 Const. L.J. 133, PC (HK) ..................................................................................12–190
Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd v Gilbert Ash (Northern) Ltd.
See Gilbert Ash (Northern) Ltd v Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd
Monarch Steamship Co Ltd v A/B Karlshamns Oljefabriker;
sub nom. A/B Karlshamns Oljefabriker v Monarch Steamship Co Ltd [1949]
A.C. 196; [1949] 1 All E.R. 1; (1948–49) 82 Ll. L. Rep. 137;
1949 S.C. (H.L.) 1; 1949 S.L.T. 51; 65 T.L.R. 217; [1949]
L.J.R. 772; (1949) 93 S.J. 117, HL ........................................................................20–046
Montgomery-Ross-Fisher Inc (1984) PSBCA Nos 1,033,
1,096, 84–2 BCA (CCH) at 17,492.......................................................................16–041
Moorcock, The (1889) L.R. 14 P.D. 64; [1886–90] All E.R. Rep. 530, CA ..........................2–083
Morgan Grenfell (Local Authority Finance) Ltd v Sunderland BC and
Seven Seas Dredging Ltd (No.1) (1991) 49 B.L.R. 31; (1990)
21 Con. L.R. 122; (1991) 7 Const. L.J. 110, QBD ....................................21–130, 21–131
Morganti National Inc, 36 Fed. 452 (2002) .....................................................................18–028
Morris Homes (West Midlands) Ltd v Keay [2013]
EWHC 932 (TCC); [2013] B.L.R. 370; 152 Con. L.R. 105 ...................................11–013
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Morrison-Knudsen Co v British Columbia Hydro and

Power Authority (No.2) (1978) 85 D.L.R. (3d) 186, CA (BC)..................11–096, 11–099,
11–103, 12–006, 21–201
Motherwell Bridge Construction Ltd (t/a Motherwell Storage Tanks)
v Micafil Vakuumtechnik; Motherwell Bridge Construction Ltd
(t/a Motherwell Storage Tanks) v Micafil AG (2002)
81 Con. L.R. 44; (2002) C.I.L.L. 1913, QBD.............................11–110, 11–111, 11–116,
11–125, 14–149, 14–162, 15–103 to
15–107, 20–011. App.3
Mowlem Plc v Phi Group Ltd [2004] B.L.R. 421, QBD ..................................................21–195
Mueller Europe Ltd v Central Roofing (South Wales) Ltd [2013]
EWHC 237 (TCC); 147 Con. L.R. 32 ..................................................................14–004
Multimedia Productions Ltd v Secretary of State for the Environment [1989]
J.P.L 96; (1988) E.G.C.S. 83.................................................................................22–027
Multiplex Construction Pty Ltd v Abgarus Pty Ltd (1992) 33 N.S.W.L.R. 504 .................21–218
Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd v Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd [2006]
EWHC 1341 (TCC); 107 Con. L.R. 1 ....................................................................2–087
EWHC 145 (TCC); 111 Con. L.R. 48 ....................................................................2–087
EWHC 659 (TCC); (2007) 23 Const. L.J. 299 ........................................................2–087
EWHC 231 (TCC) ................................................................................................2–087
EWHC 569 (TCC) ................................................................................................2–087
EWHC 2220 (TCC) .................................................................................2–087, 22–047
Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd v Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd [2008] EWHC 2280 (TCC);
122 Con. L.R. 88; [2009] 1 Costs L.R. 55; (2008) 105(39) L.S.G. 23 ......................2–087
Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd v Honeywell Control Systems Ltd [2007]
EWHC 236 (TCC); [2007] B.L.R. 167; [2007] Bus. L.R. D13 ................................2–087
Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd v Honeywell Control Systems Ltd [2007]
C.I.L.L. 2458; [2007] Bus. L.R. D109 ................................. 2–087, 5–114, 5–131, 5–147,
6–115, 6–119, 6–128, 6–129, 7–028,
7–029, 7–034, App.3
Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd v Mott MacDonald Ltd [2007]
EWHC 20 (TCC); 110 Con. L.R. 63; [2007] C.I.L.L. 2446 .......................2–087, 13–167
Murdock & Sons Const. Inc v Goheen General Const. Inc,
461 F.3d 837 (7th Cir., 2006) ...............................................................................11–128
Murphy v Brentwood DC [1991] 1 A.C. 398; [1990] 3 W.L.R. 414; [1990]
2 All E.R. 908; [1990] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 467; 50 B.L.R. 1;
21 Con. L.R. 1; (1990) 22 H.L.R. 502; 89 L.G.R. 24; (1991)
3 Admin. L.R. 37; (1990) 6 Const. L.J. 304; (1990)
154 L.G. Rev. 1010; [1990] E.G. 105 (C.S.); (1990) 87(30)
L.S.G. 15; (1990) 134 S.J. 1076, HL ........................................................... 2–173, 2–192
Murray v Leisureplay Plc [2005] EWCA Civ 963; [2005] I.R.L.R. 946 ............................21–232
Murray v Neil Dowlman Architecture Ltd [2013] EWHC 872 (TCC); [2013]
T.C.L.R. 5; 148 Con. L.R. 256; [2013] 3 Costs L.R. 460; [2013] C.I.L.L. 3353 ......... 22–120
Nala Engineering v Roselec Ltd (1999) C.I.L.L. 1534 .......................................................2–084
Nat Harrison Associates Inc v Gulf States Utilities Co, 491 F.2d 578 (5th Cir., 1964) .........5–162
National Bonding and Accident Insurance Co (1983)
ENGBCA 4586, 83–2 BCA at 16863 ......................................................................5–161
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National Justice Compania Naviera SA v Prudential Assurance Co Ltd

(The Ikarian Reefer) (No.1) [1995] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 455, CA (Civ Div) .............22–045, 22–047
National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside Board of Trustees v
AEW Architects and Designers Ltd; sub nom. The Board of
Trustees of National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside v
AEW Architects and Designers Ltd v PIHL UK Ltd and Galliford
Try Construction Ltd (trading together in partnership as a Joint venture
“PIHL Galliford Try JV) [2013] EWHC 2403 (TCC)............... 2–165, 23–024 to 23–028s
National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty v
Haden Young Ltd (1994) 72 B.L.R. 1, CA (Civ Div) ................................. 2–156 to 2–158
Natkin & Co v George A Fuller & Co, 347 F.Supp. 17 (W.D. Mo., 1972)..........................16–128
Nauru Phosphate Royalties Trust Ltd v Matthew Hall Mechanical &
Electrical Engineering Pty Ltd; sub nom. Naru Phosphate Royalties
Trust v Matthew Hall Mechanical & Electrical Engineers Pty Ltd (1992)
10 B.C.L. 179 .........................................................................................19–011, 19–061
Neal & Co Inc v United States, 36 Fed. Cl. 600 (1996); 41 Con. Cas. Fed.
(CCH) at 77,003 ..................................................................................................15–034
Nebraska Public Power Distribution v Austin Power Inc, 773 F.2d 960
(8th Cir., 1985) ....................................................................................................21–185
Nello L Teer Co v Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority,
F.Supp. 583 (DC Cir., 1988) ................................................................................11–110
Neodox Ltd v Borough of Swinton and Pendlebury (1958) 5 B.L.R. 38 ...........................12–027
New Design Construction Co Inc v Hamon Contractors Inc,
Colorodo CA No.06CA2011, June 26, 2008 ............................................................2–068
Newfield Construction Ltd v Tomlinson [2004] EWHC 3051 (TCC);
97 Con. L.R. 148..................................................................................................22–118
Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co v United States (1934) Ct. Cl. 25 ...............18–087
Norair Engineering Corp (1990) Eng GBCA 3,804, 90–1 BCA at 22,327 .............9–026, 15–149
Norair Engineering Corp v United States, 666 F.2d 546 (1981) .............11–097, 11–112, 11–131
North Ocean Shipping Co v Hyundai Construction Co
(The Atlantic Baron) [1979] Q.B. 705; [1979] 3 W.L.R. 419; [1978]
3 All E.R. 1170; [1979] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 89; (1979) 123 S.J. 352, QBD.....................22–066
Northern Developments (Cumbria) Ltd v J&J Nichol [2000] B.L.R. 158; (2000)
2 T.C.L.R. 261 ........................................................................................22–112, 23–023
Northern RHA v Derek Crouch Construction Co Ltd [1984] Q.B. 644; [1984]
2 W.L.R. 676; [1984] 2 All E.R. 175; 26 B.L.R. 1; [1986]
C.I.L.L. 244; (1984) 128 S.J. 279, CA (Civ Div) .....................................................2–071
Nuttall and Lynton and Barnstaple Railway Co, Re (1899) 82 L.T. 17 ................12–028, 12–078
Oakapple Homes (Glossop) Ltd v DTR (2009) Ltd (In Liquidation)
[2013] EWHC 2394 (TCC); 150 Con. L.R. 110; [2014] Lloyd’s Rep.
I.R. 103; [2013] 3 E.G.L.R. 1; (2013) 29 Const. L.J. 523 .........................................4–258
Obrascon Huarte Lain SA v Attorney General for Gibraltar [2014]
EWHC 1028 (TCC); [2014] B.L.R. 484; [2014] C.I.L.L. 3536 ................15–013, 25–010
Occidental Worldwide Investment Corp v Skibs A/S Avanti
(The Siboen and The Sibotre) [1976] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 293, QBD .............................22–066
Orange Personal Communications Services Ltd v Hoare Lea (A Firm) [2008]
EWHC 223 (TCC); 117 Con. L.R. 76; [2009] Bus. L.R. D24................................22–122
Orlanda, The [1919] 2 K.B. 728 .....................................................................................21–200
Ottawa Northern & Western Railway Co v Dominion Bridge Co (1905) 36 S.C.R. 347 ........... 6–126
Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock & Engineering Co (The Wagon Mound);
sub nom. Morts Dock & Engineering Co v Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd [1961]
A.C. 388; [1961] 2 W.L.R. 126; [1961] 1 All E.R. 404; [1961]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 1; 100 A.L.R.2d 928; 1961 A.M.C. 962; (1961) 105 S.J. 85, HL ..............20–041
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Owen Pell Ltd v Bindi (London) Ltd [2008] EWHC 1420 (TCC); [2008]
B.L.R. 436; (2009) 25 Const. L.J. 168; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2605 .................................22–104
Owners of the Bow Spring v Owners of the Manzanillo II [2004]
EWCA Civ 1007; [2005] 1 W.L.R. 144; [2004] 4 All E.R. 899; [2005]
1 All E.R. (Comm) 53; [2005] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 1; [2005] 1 C.L.C. 394 ....................22–041
Owners of the Global Mariner v Owners of the Atlantic Crusader [2005]
EWHC 380 (Admlty); [2005] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 389; [2005]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 699; [2005] 1 C.L.C. 413; (2005) 155 N.L.J. 594............................22–041
P&M Kaye Ltd v Hosier & Dickinson Ltd; sub nom.
Hosier & Dickinson v P&M Kaye [1970] 1 W.L.R. 1611; [1971]
1 All E.R. 301; (1971) 114 S.J. 929, CA ..................................................................2–071
P&M Kaye v Hoiser & Dickson Ltd [1972] 1 W.L.R. 146; [1972]
1 All E.R. 121; (1971) 116 S.J. 75; (1971) Times, December 23, HL ......................25–017
P&O Developments Ltd v Guy’s & St Thomas NHS Trust; Guy’s &
St Thomas NHS Trust v P&O Developments Ltd [1999]
B.L.R. 3; 62 Con. L.R. 38; (1999) 15 Const. L.J. 374, QBD......................14–004, 21–090
PC Harrington Contractors Ltd v Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd [2007]
EWHC 2833 (TCC); [2008] B.L.R. 16; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2554 .................................2–087
PCL Construction Services Inc v United States, 53 Fed. Cl. 479 (2002) ..........................14–116
PHI Group Ltd v Robert West Consulting Ltd. See Carillion JM Ltd v PHI Group Ltd
PJ Dick Inc v Principi, 324 F.3d 1371 (Fed. Cir., 2003) .........................18–086, 21–153, 21–157
PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero) TBK v CRW Joint Operation [2010] 4 SLR 672 .............24–068
PT Perusahaan Gas Negara (Persero) TBK v CRW Joint Operation (Indonesia)
and another matter [2014] SGHC 146 .....................................................24–068, 24–070
Paccon Inc v United States (1968) 399 F.2d 162 ...............................................................2–085
Pacific Coast Construction v Greater Vancouver Regional Hospital District [1986]
23 Const. L. Rep. 35 .............................................................................................15–030
Packard Construction Corp (2009) ASBCA 55,383.........................................................21–156
Panamena Europea Navegacion Compania Limitada v Frederick
Leyland & Co Ltd; sub nom. Compania Panamena Europea Navigacion
Limitada v Frederick Leyland & Co Ltd; Frederick Leyland & Co Ltd v
Compania Panamena Europea Navegacion Limitada [1947] A.C. 428; (1947)
80 Ll. L. Rep. 205; [1947] L.J.R. 716; 176 L.T. 524, HL .............................. 6–139, 6–141
Pantland Hick v Raymond & Reid. See Hick v Raymond & Reid
Paragon Finance Plc (formerly National Home Loans Corp) v Freshfields [1999]
1 WLR 1183; [2000] C.P. Rep. 81; [1999] Lloyd’s Rep. P.N. 446; (1999)
96(20) L.S.G. 40; (1999) 143 S.J.L.B. 136; [1999] N.P.C. 33;
Times, March 22, 1999; Independent, March 16, 1999 ...........................................22–068
Park Construction (1995) 95–2 BCA at 138,529 ................................................11–132, 13–010
Parkwood Leisure Ltd v Laing O’Rourke Wales and West Ltd [2013]
3 E.G.L.R. 6; [2013] C.I.L.L. 3413.............................22–112, 23–041 to 23–044, 23–063
Pathman Construction Co (1985) ASBCA No.23,392, 85–2 BCA at 18,096 ....................15–011
Pathman Construction Co v Hi-Way Electric Co, 382 N.E. 2d 453 (Ill. App. Ct., 1978) ..........20–032
Patman and Fotheringham Ltd v Pilditch (1904) H.B.C. (4th edn) 368 ..............12–078, 12–109
Payne v John Setchell Ltd [2002] B.L.R. 489; (2001) 3 T.C.L.R. 26; [2002]
P.N.L.R. 7, QBD ....................................................................................................2–173
Payzu Ltd v Saunders [1919] 2 K.B. 581, CA..................................................................11–004
Peak Construction (Liverpool) Ltd v McKinney Foundations Ltd (1970)
1 B.L.R. 111; 69 L.G.R. 1, CA (Civ Div) ............................. 4–011, 4–015, 6–077, 6–122,
6–126, 6–130, 18–052, 18–053, 18–071
Peakman v Linbrooke Services Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 1239; [2009]
C.P. Rep. 14; (2008) 105(45) L.S.G. 18; (2008) 152(45) S.J.L.B. 25...........14–174 to 14–177
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Pearce v Ove Arup Partnership Ltd [2001] EWHC 455 (Ch) ...........................................22–038
Penta-Ocean Construction Co Ltd v CWF Piling and Civil Engineering Ltd (2012)
26 Const. L.J. 131 ................................................................................................21–224
Percy Bilton Ltd v Greater London Council [1982] 1 W.L.R. 794; [1982]
2 All E.R. 623; 20 B.L.R. 1; 80 L.G.R. 617; (1982) 126 S.J. 397, HL .......................6–126
Perini Pacific Ltd v Commonwealth of Australia [1969]
2 N.S.W.L.R. 530; (1969) 12 B.L.R. 82.......................... 6–082 to 6–084, 11–096, 11–098
Perini Pacific Ltd v Great Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District (1996)
57 D.L.R. (2d) 307 .................................................................................................4–015
Peter Kiewit Sons Co (1969) ASBCA Nos 9,921, 10,440, 69–1 BCA at 7,510 ..................11–119
Peterborough City Council v Enterprise Managed Services Ltd [2014]
2 C.L.C. 684; [2014] B.L.R. 735; 156 Con. L.R. 226; [2014] C.I.L.L. 3589..............24–074
Peterhead Towage Services Ltd v Peterhead Bay Authority, 1992 S.L.T. 593, OH ...............2–182
Peterson Co v Container Corp, 172 Cal. App. 3d 62; 218 Cal. Rptr. 592 (1985) ...............11–097
Phelps v Hillingdon LBC; sub nom. G (A Child), Re; Jarvis v Hampshire CC;
G (A Child) v Bromley LBC; Anderton v Clwyd CC [2001]
2 A.C. 619; [2000] 3 W.L.R. 776; [2000] 4 All E.R. 504; [2000]
3 F.C.R. 102; (2001) 3 L.G.L.R. 5; [2000] B.L.G.R. 651; [2000]
Ed. C.R. 700; [2000] E.L.R. 499; (2000) 3 C.C.L. Rep. 156; (2000)
56 B.M.L.R. 1; (2000) 150 N.L.J. 1198; (2000) 144 S.J.L.B. 241, HL ......................2–173
Philips Hong Kong Ltd v Attorney General of Hong Kong (1990)
50 B.L.R. 122 (HCHK) .............................................................................7–103, 21–221
Philips Hong Kong Ltd v Attorney General of Hong Kong (1993)
61 B.L.R. 41; (1993) 9 Const. L.J. 202, PC (HK) ......................................7–103, 21–216,
21–220 to 21–222, 21–236
Phoenix Contracting Corp v New York City Health and Hospital Corp,
118 AD.2d 477; 499 NYS.2d 953 (NY App. Div., 1986) ...........................21–267, 21–268
Pigott Foundations Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd (1993)
67 B.L.R. 48; 42 Con. L.R. 98, QBD ............................. 7–062 to 7–065, 11–206, 21–228
Picardi v Cuniberti [2003] B.L.R. 487 ............................................................................23–045
Plummers v Debenhams [1986] BCLC 447 ....................................................................13–271
Point West London Ltd v Mivan Ltd [2012] EWHC 1223 (TCC);
144 Con. L.R. 194; (2012) 28 Const. L.J. 423; [2012] C.I.L.L. 3197 .....................22–064
Polivitte Ltd v Commercial Union Assurance Co Plc [1987] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 379, QBD ............22–045
Portland Utilities Construction Co v Chase Creek LLC (Tenn. App., 2004) .......................6–113
Prenn v Simmonds [1971] 1 W.L.R. 1381; [1971] 3 All E.R. 237; (1971)
115 S.J. 654, HL.....................................................................................................2–071
Priestly v Stone (1888) H.B.C. (4th edn) 134, CA ...........................................................12–075
Primus Build Ltd v Pompey Centre Ltd [2009] EWHC 1487 (TCC); [2009]
B.L.R. 437; 126 Con. L.R. 26; [2009] C.I.L.L. 2739; (2009)
159 N.L.J. 995............................................................................................ 5–103, 5–104
Property & Land Contractors Ltd v Alfred McAlpine Homes (North) Ltd (1995)
76 B.L.R. 59; 47 Con. L.R. 74, QBD ............................21–002, 21–010, 21–070, 21–083,
21–086, 21–087, 21–149, 21–168,
21–173, 21–178, 21–179
Proton Energy Group SA v Orlen Lietuva [2013] EWHC 2872 (Comm);
[2014] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 972; [2014] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 100;
150 Con. L.R. 72..................................................................................................21–194
Public Works Commissioners v Hills. See Commissioner of Public Works v Hills ..........................
Queensland v Multiplex Constructions Pty Ltd (1998) 14 B.C.L. 329................................5–059
R. v Coventry City Council Ex p. Phoenix Aviation; sub nom. R. v
Coventry Airport Ex p. Phoenix Aviation; R. v Dover Harbour Board Ex p.
Peter Gilder & Sons; R. v Associated British Ports Ex p.
lviii
TABLE OF CASES
Plymouth City Council [1995] 3 All E.R. 37; [1995] C.L.C. 757; (1995)
7 Admin. L.R. 597; [1995] C.O.D. 300; (1995) 145 N.L.J. 559, DC .........................2–182
R. v Knowsley MBC Ex p. Maguire (1992) 90 L.G.R. 653; [1992]
C.O.D. 499; (1992) 142 N.L.J. 1375, QBD .............................................................2–182
R + V Versicherung AG v Risk Insurance & Reinsurance
Solutions SA (No.3) [2006] EWHC 42 (Comm) ......................................17–074, 21–073
RG Carter Ltd v Edmund Nuttall Ltd [2002] B.L.R. 359, QBD ......................................23–014
RP Wallace Inc v United States, COFC No.96–222 (2005); (2005)
21 Const.L.J. 378 ....................................... 4–015, 4–046, 4–110, 5–066 to 5–069, 6–151,
11–007, 11–033, 14–065, 14–116, 18–028, 19–033, 20–012
RWE npower Renewables Ltd v JN Bentley Ltd [2014]
EWCA Civ 150; [2014] C.I.L.L. 3488 ....................................................................2–073
Rapid Building Group Ltd v Ealing Family Housing Association (1984)
29 B.L.R. 5, CA (Civ Div) .......................................................................... 6–122, 6–131
Redwing Construction Ltd v Wishart [2011] EWHC 19 (TCC);
[2011] B.L.R. 186; [2011] T.C.L.R. 5; [2011] 2 Costs L.O. 212;
[2011] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 331; [2011] 1 E.G.L.R. 13; [2011]
15 E.G. 94; [2011] C.I.L.L. 2997; (2011) 161 N.L.J. 137 ......................................22–120
Rees & Kirby Ltd v Swansea City Council (1985) 30 B.L.R. 1;
5 Con. L.R. 34; (1985) 1 Const. L.J. 378; [1985] C.I.L.L. 188; (1985)
82 L.S.G. 2905; (1985) 129 S.J. 622, CA (Civ Div) ......................... 5–151, 5–155, 5–156,
21–128, 21–129
Reinwood Ltd v L Brown & Sons Ltd [2008] UKHL 12; [2008]
1 W.L.R. 696; [2008] Bus. L.R. 979; [2008] 2 All E.R. 885; [2008]
2 C.L.C. 406; [2008] B.L.R. 219; 116 Con. L.R. 1; [2008]
2 E.G.L.R. 1; [2008] 17 E.G. 164; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2579; [2008]
8 E.G. 156 (C.S.); (2008) 152(8) S.J.L.B. 32; [2008] N.P.C. 20 .............................11–211
Reynolds v Strelitz (1901) 3 W.A.L.R. 143 ........................................................................App.3
Roberts v Bury Improvement Commissioners (1869–70) L.R. 5 C.P. 310, Ex Chamber .......... 6–123
Robglo Inc (1990) VABCA Nos 2,879, 2,884; (1990) VABCA LEXIS 27 ..........16–041, 16–149
Robinson v PE Jones (Contractors) Ltd [2010] EWHC 102 (TCC); [2010]
T.C.L.R. 3.................................................................................................. 2–165, 2–173
Robinson v United States, 261 U.S. 486 (1923)...............................................................18–085
Robophone Facilities Ltd v Blank [1966] 1 W.L.R. 1428; [1966]
3 All E.R. 128; (1966) 110 S.J. 544, CA ................................................................21–236
Roper v Johnson (1872–73) L.R. 8 C.P. 167, CCP ..........................................................11–005
Rosehaugh Stanhope Plc (Broadgate Phase 6) v Redpath Dorman Long Ltd
and Rosehaugh Stanhope (Broadgate Phase 7) (1990)
50 B.L.R. 69; 26 Con. L.R. 80; [1990] E.G. 87 (C.S.), CA (Civ Div).............11–120, 11–136
Ross Group Construction Corp v Riggs Contracting Inc, US Dist.
LEXIS 162600 (N.D. Okla., 14 November 2012) ....................................................9–063
Rotherfield v Manolakos (1990) 63 D.L.R. (4th) 449 ........................................................2–192
Rotherham MBC v Frank Haslam Milan & Co Ltd [1996] C.L.C. 1378;
78 B.L.R. 1; 59 Con. L.R. 33; (1996) 12 Const. L.J. 333; [1996]
E.G. 59 (C.S.), CA (Civ Div)...................................................................12–071, 12–090
Rowling v Takaro Properties Ltd [1988] A.C. 473; [1988]
2 W.L.R. 418; [1988] 1 All E.R. 163, PC (NZ).........................................................2–187
Royal Brompton Hospital NHS Trust v Hammond (No.1) [2000]
EWHC 39 (TCC); [1999] B.L.R. 162; (2000) 2 T.C.L.R. 92; 66 Con. L.R. 42;
(1999) 15 Const. L.J. 395; (1999) 149 N.L.J. 89, QBD ..............4–209, 6–050, 6–148, 9–013,
9–032, 9–063, 14–022, 14–165,
14–178, 15–002, 15–017, 18–021,
18–023, 18–055, 21–090, 22–037,
22–038, 22–040
lix
TABLE OF CASES

EWCA Civ 206; 76 Con. L.R. 148 ................................................. 6–129, 9–013, 20–030
EWHC 2037 (TCC); 88 Con. L.R. 1 ......................................................................App.3
Rush & Tompkins Ltd v Greater London Council [1989] A.C. 1280; [1988]
3 W.L.R. 939; [1988] 3 All E.R. 737; 43 B.L.R. 1; 22 Con. L.R. 114; [1988]
E.G. 145 (C.S.); (1988) 138 N.L.J. Rep. 315; (1988) 132 S.J. 1592, HL .................22–061
SMEC Australia Pty Ltd v McConnell Dowell Constructors (Aust)
Pty Ltd (No.3) [2012] VSC 557 ..............................................................................App.3
SMK Cabinets v Hili Modern Electrics Pty Ltd [1984] V.R. 391; (1984)
1 Const. L.J. 159, Sup. Ct (Vic.)........................................... 6–122, 6–126, 6–127, 6–137,
6–146, 12–006, 21–215
SWI Ltd v P&I Data Services Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 663; [2007]
B.L.R. 430; (2009) 25 Const. L.J. 384 .................................. 2–036, 2–113, 3–027, 4–002,
12–005, 12–007
St Albans City and DC v International Computers Ltd [1996]
4 All E.R. 481; [1997–98] Info. T.L.R. 58; [1997]
F.S.R. 251; (1996) 15 Tr. L.R. 444; [1998] Masons C.L.R. Rep. 98; (1997)
20(2) I.P.D. 20020, CA (Civ Div) .........................................................................21–270
St Modwen Developments Ltd v Bowmer & Kirkland Ltd (1998)
14 Const. L.J. 214, QBD..........................................................................21–163, 21–169
Sample (Warkworth) v Alnwick DC (1984) 48 P. & C.R. 474; (1984)
271 E.G. 204; [1984] R.V.R. 180; [1984] J.P.L. 670, Lands Tr..................................2–193
Samson v Metcalfe Hambleton (1998) 57 C.L.R. 88 .......................................................22–049
Samuels v Linzi Dresses Ltd [1981] Q.B. 115; [1980] 2 W.L.R. 836; [1980]
1 All E.R. 803; (1980) 124 S.J. 187, CA (Civ Div) .................................................22–157
Santa Fe Inc (1984) VABCA No.1,943, 84–2 BCA 17,341 at 86,410; (1984)
W.L. 13,360 .................................................................................. 7–093, 9–029, 14–116
Santa Fe Inc (1987) VABCA No.2,168, 87–3 BCA (CCH) at 20,104 ....................9–029, 15–113
Santa Fe Engineers Inc (1994) ASBCA Nos 24,578 et al., 94–2 BCA at 26,872 .......... 7–093, 16–059
Sauer Inc (1998) 98–2 BCA (CCH) at 30,067 ................................ 9–072, 9–073, 9–084, 9–085
Sauer Inc v Richard J Danzig, Secretary of the Navy, 224 F.3d 1340
(Fed. Cir., 2000) .....................................................................................14–116, 14–117
Sawadi Corp (2001) ASBCA No.53,073 ............................................11–129 to 11–131, 13–194
Scott Lithgow Ltd v Secretary of State for Defence, 1989 S.C. (H.L.) 9;
1989 S.L.T. 236; 45 B.L.R. 1, HL ................................................ 2–071, 4–015, 4–042 to
4–045, 6–152, 6–153
Scottish Special Housing Association v Wimpey Construction (UK) Ltd [1986]
1 W.L.R. 995; [1986] 2 All E.R. 957; 1986 S.C. (H.L.)
57; 1986 S.L.T. 559; 34 B.L.R. 1; 9 Con. L.R. 19; (1986)
2 Const. L.J. 149; (1986) 83 L.S.G. 2652; (1986) 130 S.J. 592, HL ..........................2–155
Sempra Metals Ltd (formerly Metallgesellschaft Ltd) v IRC [2007]
UKHL 34; [2008] 1 A.C. 561; [2007] 3 W.L.R. 354; [2008]
Bus. L.R. 49; [2007] 4 All E.R. 657; [2007] S.T.C. 1559; [2008]
Eu. L.R. 1; [2007] B.T.C. 509; [2007] S.T.I. 1865; (2007) 104(31)
L.S.G. 25; (2007) 157 N.L.J. 1082; (2007) 151 S.J.L.B. 985 ..................................21–136
Serck Controls Ltd v Drake & Scull Engineering Ltd; sub nom. Serck Controls Ltd v
Drake & Schull Engineering Ltd (2000) 73 Con. L.R. 100, QBD ...........................12–009
Servidone Construction Corp v United States, 931 F.2d 860 (Fed. Cir., 1991) .................20–067
Shaw v Massey Foundations and Pilings Ltd [2009] EWHC 493 (TCC) ..........................23–046
Shawton Engineering Ltd v DGP International Ltd (t/a Design Group Partnership)
[2005] EWCA Civ 1359; [2006] B.L.R. 1; (2006) 22 Const. L.J. 129 ........... 6–109, 6–159
Sheffield District Railway v Great Central Railway (1911) 27 T.L.R. 451, Ch D................11–038
Shepherd Construction Ltd v Mecright Ltd [2000] B.L.R. 489, QBD (TCC) ..................23–038
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Sherwood & Casson Ltd v Mackenzie [2000] T.C.L.R. 418 ................................22–112, 23–048
Shoalhaven City Council v Firedam City Engineering Pty Ltd (2009)
[2011] HCA 38 ....................................................................................................22–105
Shore & Horwitz Construction Co Ltd v Franki of Canada Ltd [1964]
S.C.R. 589, Sup. Ct (Can) .......................................................................21–149, 21–178
Siboen, The and The Sibotre. See Occidental Worldwide Investment Corp v Skibs A/S Avanti
Siebe Gorman & Co Ltd v Pneupac Ltd [1982] 1 W.L.R. 185; [1982]
1 All E.R. 377; (1981) 125 S.J. 725, CA (Civ Div) .................................................22–157
Sierra Blanca Inc (1991) ASBCA Nos 30,943 et al., 91–2 BCA at 23,990............................7–093
Silent Vector Pty Ltd t/a Sizer Builders v Squarcini [2008]
WASC 246; (2009) B.C.L. 29 ...............................................................................21–246
Simplex Concrete Piles Ltd v St Pancras MBC (1958) 14 B.L.R. 80, DC ............12–025, 12–189
Sindall Ltd v Solland (2001) 3 T.C.L.R. 30; 80 Con. L.R. 152, QBD ..................... 5–034, 6–076
Skanska Construction UK Ltd v Egger (Barony) Ltd [2001] All E.R. (D) 362 ....................2–159
Skanska Construction Ltd (formerly Kvaerner Construction Ltd) v
Egger (Barony) Ltd (appeal against order of Costs) [2002]
EWHC 773 (TCC) .......................................................... 2–105, 3–034, 12–021, 17–026
Skanska Construction Ltd v Egger (Barony) Ltd [2002] EWCA Civ 310; [2002]
B.L.R. 236; 83 Con. L.R. 132; [2003] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 479.....................................2–161
Skanska Construction UK Ltd (formerly Kvaerner Construction Ltd) v
Egger (Barony) Ltd [2004] EWHC 1748 (TCC) .......................... 7–008, 9–015 to 9–018,
9–032, 9–141, 11–180, 11–181, 13–161,
13–164, 15–018, 15–049, 17–026,
18–092, 22–038, 22–040
Skanska Construction UK Ltd v ERDC Group Ltd (2003)
S.C.L.R. 296; 2002 G.W.D. 39-1276 .....................................................................23–051
Skeate v Beale (1840) 11 Ad. & El. 983 ...........................................................................22–065
Slick Seating Systems v Adams [2013] EWHC 88 (Mercantile)........................................22–120
Smith v United States, 34 Fed. Cl. 313 (1995) ................................................................20–032
Solar Foam Insulation (1994) ASBCA No.46,278, 94–1 BCA at 26,288...........................11–119
Solholt, The. See Sotiros Shipping Inc v Sameiet Solholt
Sopov v Kane Constructions Pty Ltd (No.2) [2009] VSCA 141; [2009]
1 B.L.R. 468 ...........................................................................................21–202, 21–203
Sotiros Shipping Inc v Sameiet Solholt (The Solholt) [1983]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 605; [1983] Com. L.R. 114; (1983) 127 S.J. 305, CA (Civ Div) ........... 11–003
South Shropshire DC v Amos [1986] 1 W.L.R. 1271; [1987]
1 All E.R. 340; [1986] 2 E.G.L.R. 194; (1986) 280 E.G. 635; [1986]
R.V.R. 235; (1986) 83 L.S.G. 3513; (1986) 136 N.L.J. 800; (1986)
130 S.J. 803, CA (Civ Div) ......................................................................................App.l
Southern Comfort Builders v United States, 67 Fed. Cl. 124 (2005) ...................17–091, 17–130
Southern Foundries (1926) Ltd v Shirlaw [1940] A.C. 701; [1940] 2 All E.R. 445, HL ........... 2–078
Spence v Crawford [1939] 3 All E.R. 271; 1939 S.C. (H.L.) 52; 1939 S.L.T. 305, HL .......... 22–080
Standard Chartered Bank v Pakistan National Shipping Corp [2001]
EWCA Civ 55; [2001] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 822; [2001] C.L.C. 825 ...........17–074, 21–073
State of Connecticut v Swinton, Conn. 847 A.2d 921 (2004) ...........................................13–186
State of Tasmania v Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd (No.3) [2004] TASSC 132 ......... 21–219, 21–232,
21–254–21–260
Stefanutti Stocks (Pty) Ltd and S8 Property (Pty) Ltd, SGHC case no 20088/2013 .............24–069
Steria Ltd v Sigma Wireless Communications Ltd [2008] B.L.R. 79;
118 Con. L.R. 177; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2544, QBD ..............5–045, 5–072, 5–132, 5–133, 5–147
Stevens v Gullis [2000] 1 All E.R. 527; [2001] C.P. Rep. 3; [1999]
B.L.R. 394; (2002) 2 T.C.L.R. 385; 73 Con. L.R. 42; [2000]
P.N.L.R. 229; [1999] 3 E.G.L.R. 71; [1999] 44 E.G. 143; (2000)
16 Const. L.J. 68, CA (Civ Div) ................................................ 2–088, 22–030 to 22–034
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Strachan & Henshaw Ltd v Stein Industrie (UK) Ltd (No.1) (1997)
63 Con. L.R. 132; (1997) 13 Const. L.J. 418, QBD ..................................... 4–305, 5–164
Strachan & Henshaw Ltd v Stein Industrie (UK) Ltd (No.2) (1998)
87 B.L.R. 52; 63 Con. L.R. 160; (1998) 14 Const. L.J. 370, CA (Civ Div) .......... 4–305, 5–164
Sunley & Co Ltd v Cunard White Star Line Ltd. See B Sunley & Co Ltd v
Cunard White Star Ltd
Sunshine Construction & Engineering Inc v United States, 02–250C Fed. Cl. Ct. ............22–053
Super Pty Ltd v SJP Formwork (Aust) Pty Ltd (1992) 29 NSWLR 549 ...........................22–105
Surrey Heath BC v Lovell Construction Ltd (1988) 48 B.L.R. 108;
24 Con. L.R. 1; (1990) 6 Const. L.J. 179, CA (Civ Div)............................11–206, 21–228
Sutton Jigsaw Transport Ltd v Croydon LBC [2013] EWHC 874 (QB) ...........................22–120
Swiss Supreme Court decision 4A_124/2014...................................................................24–074
Sycamore Bidco Ltd v Breslin [2013] EWHC 583 (Ch); [2013]
4 Costs L.O. 572 ...........................................................................................................22–120
TPS Inc (2004) ASBCA No.52,421 ...................................................19–034 to 19–037, 21–154
TSG Building Services Plc v South Anglia Housing Ltd [2013]
EWHC 1151 (TCC); [2013] B.L.R. 484; 148 Con. L.R. 228 ....................... 2–142, 2–166
Tandrin Aviation Holdings Ltd v Aero Toy Store LLC [2010]
EWHC 40 (Comm) .................................................................................... 4–058, 4–059
Tate & Lyle Industries Ltd v Greater London Council; sub nom.
Tate & Lyle Food & Distribution Ltd v Greater London Council [1983]
2 A.C. 509; [1983] 2 W.L.R. 649; [1983] 1 All E.R. 1159; [1983]
2 Lloyd’s Rep. 117; 81 L.G.R. 4434; (1983) 46 P. &
C.R. 243, HL ..............................................................................2–188, 17–084, 21–068,
21–069, 21–129, 21–176
Taylor v Motability Finance Ltd [2004] EWHC 2619 (Comm)...........................21–193, 21–194
Teal Assurance Co Ltd v WR Berkley Insurance (Europe) Ltd [2011]
EWHC 91 (Comm); [2011] Lloyd’s Rep. I.R. 285, QBD .........................................2–153
Temloc Ltd v Errill Properties Ltd (1988) 39 B.L.R. 30; 12 Con. L.R. 109; (1988)
4 Const. L.J. 63, CA (Civ Div) .......................................11–206, 21–228, 21–243, 25–010
Tennants (Lancashire) Ltd v CS Wilson & Co Ltd; sub nom.
Wilson & Co Ltd v Tennants (Lancashire) Ltd [1917] A.C. 495, HL ........................4–057
Tesco v Costain Construction Ltd; sub nom. Tesco Stores Ltd v Costain
Construction Ltd [2003] EWHC 1487 (TCC) ........................................................2–173
Tesco Stores Ltd v Costain Construction Ltd. See Tesco v Costain Construction Ltd
Thames Valley Power Ltd v Total Gas & Power Ltd [2005]
EWHC 2208 (Comm); [2006] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 441; (2006) 22 Const. L.J. 591...........4–057
Tharsis Sulphur & Copper Co v M’Elroy & Sons (1877–78) L.R. 3 App.
Cas. 1040, HL ......................................................................................................12–167
Thorn v London Corp; sub nom. Thorn v Mayor and Commonalty
of the City of London (1875–76) L.R. 1 App. Cas. 120, HL ......................... 2–126, 2–127
Thorn v Mayor and Commonalty of the City of London. See Thorn v London Corp
Thorner v Major; sub nom. Thorner v Curtis; Thorner v Majors [2009]
UKHL 18; [2009] 1 W.L.R. 776; [2009] 3 All E.R. 945; [2009]
2 F.L.R. 405; [2009] 3 F.C.R. 123; [2009] 2 P. & C.R. 24; [2009]
W.T.L.R. 713; (2009–10) 12 I.T.E.L.R. 62; [2009] Fam. Law 583;
[2009] 13 E.G. 142 (C.S.); (2009) 159 N.L.J. 514; (2009) 153(12)
S.J.L.B. 30; [2009] N.P.C. 50; [2009] 2 P. & C.R. DG2 ............................12–172, 12–173
Thorner v Majors. See Thorner v Major
Three Rivers DC v Bank of England (Disclosure) (No.3) [2003]
EWCA Civ 474; [2003] Q.B. 1556; [2003] 3 W.L.R. 667; [2003]
C.P.L.R. 349; (2003) 100(23) L.S.G. 37 ...............................................................13–271
Three Rivers DC v Bank of England (Disclosure) (No.4) [2004] UKHL 48; [2005]
1 A.C. 610; [2004] 3 W.L.R. 1274; [2005] 4 All E.R. 948; (2004) 101(46)
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L.S.G. 34; (2004) 154 N.L.J. 1727; (2004) 148 S.J.L.B. 1369; Times,
November 12, 2004; Independent, November 16, 2004..........................................22–068
Tinseltime Ltd v Roberts [2012] EWHC 779 (TCC) Titan Mountain Estates
Construction Corp, ASBCA Nos 22,617, 22,930, 23,095 and
23,118, 85–1 BCA (CCH) at 17,931 .......................................................................9–029
Titan Pacific Construction Corp (1987) ASBCA Nos 24,148, 24,616, 26,
692, 87–1 BCA (CCH) at 19,626........................2–119, 11–110, 11–117, 11–118, 16–149
Titan Pacific Construction Corp v United States (1989) No.747 87C, Cl. Ct. ..................15–113
Toomey v Scolaro’s Concrete Constructions Pty Ltd [2001] VSC 279 ................................2–189
Total Transport Corp of Panama v Amoco Transport Co (The Altus) [1985]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 423, QBD ......................................................................................11–208
Tricon Kent Co v Lafarge North America Inc May 1, 2008,
Col. CA No.06CA0595 ...........................................................................21–279, 21–280
Triple “A” South (1994) ASBCA No.46,866, 94–3 BCA at 27,194 .....................13–013, 17–007
Trollope & Colls Ltd v North West Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board [1973]
1 W.L.R. 601; [1973] 2 All E.R. 260; 9 B.L.R. 60; (1973)
117 S.J. 355, HL.............................................................................. 2–080, 6–118, 6–126
Tsakiroglou & Co Ltd v Noblee Thorl GmbH; Albert D Gaon &
Co v Société Interprofessionelle des Oléagineux Fluides Alimentaires
[1962] A.C. 93; [1961] 2 W.L.R. 633; [1961] 2 All E.R. 179; [1961]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 329; (1961) 105 S.J. 346, HL..........................................................21–207
Turner Corp Ltd v Austotel Pty Ltd (1997) 13 B.C.L. 378 ...................... 5–140 to 5–143, 5–147
Turner Corp Ltd v Co-ordinated Industries Pty Ltd (1996) 12 B.C.L. 33 .......................... 18–058
Total M&E Services Ltd v ABB Building Technologies Ltd
(formerly ABB Steward Ltd) [2002] EWHC 248 (TCC);
87 Con. L.R. 154; [2002] C.I.L.L. 1857...................................................23–024, 23–028
Tubular Holdings (Pty) Ltd and DBT technologies (Pty) Ltd,
SGHC case no. 06757/2013 ..................................................................................24–069
UK Highways A55 Ltd v Hyder Consulting (UK) Ltd [2012] EWHC 3505 (TCC);
[2013] B.L.R. 95; (2013) 29 Const. L.J. 234; [2013] C.I.L.L. 3296 ........................22–156
United Beaton International (1976) VABCA 1209, 76–2 BCA at 12133 .............................5–161
United Constructors LLL v United States, 95 Fed. Cl.26,
2010 US Claims LEXIS 811 (2010)......................................................................11–035
United Marine Aggregates Ltd v GM Welding and Engineering Ltd
[2012] EWHC 2628 (TCC) .................................................................................22–120
United States ex rei United States Steel Corp v Construction Aggregates Corp,
559 F.Supp. 414 (ED ich, 1983)............................................................................19–072
United States for Use and Benefit of Heller Electricity Co Inc v
William F Klingensmith Inc. 670 F.2d 1227 (1982); 29 Cont. Gas.
Fed. (CCH) at 82,194 (DC Cir.) ..........................................................20–071 to 20–073
Utica City National Bank v Gunn [1918] 118 NE 607.......................................................2–071
Utley-James Inc v United States (1988) 14 Cl. Ct. 804 ................ 7–013, 7–014, 18–028, 18–125
Vakili v Hawksmith, No.M2000–01402–COA–R3–CV, WL 1173285 (2001)
Tenn. Ct. App. ........................................................................................................5–091
Vaughan v Lewisham LBC, UKEAT 4/0534/12 .................................................................App.1
Vaughan v Von Essen Hotels 5 Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 1349 ............................... 5–099 to 5–101
Veba Oil Supply & Trading GmbH v Petrotrade Inc (The Robin) [2001]
EWCA Civ 1832; [2002] 1 All E.R. 703; [2002] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 306; [2002]
1 Lloyd’s Rep. 295; [2002] C.L.C. 405; [2002] B.L.R. 54;
Independent, January 14, 2002 .............................................................................22–103
Victoria Laundry (Windsor) v Newman Industries [1949] 2 K.B. 528; [1949]
1 All E.R. 997; 65 T.L.R. 274; (1949) 93 S.J. 371, CA ..................21–004, 21–006, 21–170
Vita Food Products Inc v Unus Shipping Co Ltd (In Liquidation) [1939]
A.C. 277; [1939] 1 All E.R. 513; (1939) 63 Ll. L. Rep. 21, PC (Can.) ....................25–006
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Vitex Manufacturing Corp v Caribtex Corp, 377 F.2d 795 ..............................................21–171

Vitpol Building Services v Samen [2008] EWHC 2283 (TCC); (2009)
25 Const. L.J. 319; [2009] Bus. L.R. D65 ..............................................................21–194
W Stevenson (Western) Ltd v Metro Canada Ltd (1987) 27 Const. L.R. 113,
Sup. Ct (BC) ........................................................................................................11–096
WC James Inc v Phillips Petroleum Co, 485 F.2d 22 (10th Cir., 1973) .............................21–276
WG Cornell v Ceramic Coating Co, 626 F.2d at 994 (DC Cir., 1980)..............................21–160
WG Yates & Sons Construction Co (2001) ASBCA Nos 49,398
and 49,399 ......................................................................... 7–009, 9–025, 9–063, 15–041
WRB Corp v United States, 183 Ct. Cl. 409 (1968) ...........................................19–001, 19–072
WW Gear Construction Ltd v McGee Group Ltd [2010] EWHC 1460 (TCC);
131 Con. L.R. 63; (2011) 27 Const. L.J. 39; [2010] C.I.L.L. 2884 ...........................4–339
Wagon Mound, The. See Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock & Engineering Co
Walker v Randwick Municipal Council (1929) 30 S.R. (NSW) 847 ..................................12–027
Walter Lawrence & Son Ltd v Commercial Union Properties (UK) Ltd (1984)
4 Con. L.R. 37 ..............................................................18–094, 19–060, 20–019, 20–052
Walter Lilly & Co Ltd v Mackay [2012] EWHC 1773 (TCC); [2012]
B.L.R. 503; 143 Con. L.R. 79; (2012) 28 Const. L.J. 622; [2012]
C.I.L.L. 3229 .................................................................. 15–015, 19–060, 19–070, App.3
Walter Lilly & Co Ltd v Mackay and another; sub nom.
Mackay v Walter Lilly & Co Ltd [2013] EWCA Civ 142 ...........................19–060, 19–070
Waugh v British Railways Board [1980] A.C. 521; [1979] 3 W.L.R. 150; [1979]
2 All E.R. 1169; [1979] I.R.L.R. 364; (1979) 123 S.J. 506, HL .................13–270, 13–271
Weaver-Bailey Contractors Inc v United States, 19 Cl. Ct. 474 (1990)..................7–068, 16–149,
16–150, 18–028, 21–158
Webb Resolutions Ltd v JV Ltd (t/a Shepherd Chartered Surveyors)
[2013] EWHC 509 (TCC); [2013] T.C.L.R. 6; 147 Con. L.R. 234;
[2013] 6 Costs L.R. 892; [2013] C.I.L.L. 3349 .....................................................22–120
Webster v Bosanquet [1912] A.C. 394, PC (Cey) ............................................................21–233
Wegan Constructions Pty Ltd v Wodonga Sewerage Authority (1978) V.R. 67 ...................12–011
Wells v Army & Navy Co-operative Society (1902) 86 L.T. 764, CA ..........4–015, 6–051, 6–077, 6–114,
11–068, 18–071, 18–077,
18–083, 20–019, 21–215
Welton v North Cornwall DC [1997] 1 W.L.R. 570; (1997) 161 J.P. 114; (1997)
9 Admin. L.R. 45; [1997] P.N.L.R. 108; (1996) 93(34) L.S.G. 34; (1996)
140 S.J.L.B. 186, CA (Civ Div) ...............................................................................2–177
West v All State Boiler Inc, 146 F.3d 1368 (Fed. Cir., 1968) ..................21–147, 21–151, 21–159
West v Ian Finlay and Associates (A Firm) [2013] EWHC 868 (TCC) .............................21–214
West Faulkner Associates v Newham LBC (1994) 71 B.L.R. 1; (1995)
11 Const. L.J. 157; [1994] E.G. 179 (C.S.); [1994] N.P.C. 142, CA (Civ Div) .........7–054,
7–102, 11–011 to 11–013, 18–130
Westfield Construction Ltd v Lewis [2013] EWHC 376 (TCC); [2013]
1 W.L.R. 3377; [2013] B.L.R. 223; 147 Con. L.R. 148; [2013]
C.I.L.L. 3332; [2013] 10 E.G. 146 (C.S.) .............................................................23–047
Westminster Corp v J Jarvis & Sons Ltd; sub nom. Westminster City
Council v J Jarvis & Sons [1970] 1 W.L.R. 637; [1970] 1 All E.R. 943;
68 L.G.R. 470, HL ..................................................................................... 4–005, 4–189
Westwood v Secretary of State for India (1863) 11 WR 261; 7 LT 736................................6–117
Wharf Properties Ltd v Eric Cumine Associates (No.2) (1991) 52 B.L.R. 1;
[1991] 2 H.K.L.R. 154; (1991) 7 Const. L.J. 251, PC (HK) ....................13–032, 18–009,
19–006, 19–046 to 19–048,
19–050 to 19–052, 19–059,
19–068, 22–155, 22–157
White Constructions (NT) Pty Ltd v Commonwealth of Australia (1990) 7 BCL 193 .............22–105
lxiv
TABLE OF CASES
White Young Green Consulting v Brooke House Sixth Form College [2007]
EWHC 2018 (TCC) ..............................................................................................App.3
Whitehouse v Jordan [1981] 1 W.L.R. 246; [1981] 1 All E.R. 267; (1981)
125 S.J. 167, HL...................................................................................................22–045
Witney Town Council v Beam Construction (Cheltenham) Ltd [2011]
EWHC 2332 (TCC); [2011] B.L.R. 707; [2011] T.C.L.R. 8;
139 Con. L.R. 1; [2011] C.I.L.L. 3090; (2011) 161 N.L.J. 1369 ............................23–063
Whittal Builders Co Ltd v Chester le Street DC (1995) 40 B.L.R. 82;
11 Con. L.R. 40; (1996) 12 Const. L.J. 356, QBD ....................................21–149, 31–181
Whyte and Mackay Ltd v Blyth & Blyth Consulting Engineers Ltd [2012]
CSOH 89; 2012 S.L.T. 1073; [2012] C.I.L.L. 3200;
2012 G.W.D. 19-376 ...........................................................................23–014 to 23–022
Wickham Contracting Co v United States, 12 F.3d 1574 (Fed. Cir., 1994) ..........21–158, 21–185
William Lacey (Hounslow) Ltd v Davis [1957] 1 W.L.R. 932; [1957]
2 All E.R. 712; (1957) 101 S.J. 629, QBD..............................................................21–198
William Grant & Sons Ltd v Glen Catrine Ltd, 2001 SC 901 .............................................5–096
William Sindall Ltd v North West Thames RHA (1977) 4 B.L.R. 151; [1977]
I.C.R. 294; (1977) 121 S.J. 170, HL......................................................................21–044
Williams v Fitzmaurice (1858) 3 H. & N. 844; 157 E.R. 709 ...............................12–027, 12–163
Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989]
EWCA Civ 5; [1991] 1 Q.B. 1; [1990] 2 W.L.R. 1153; [1990]
1 All E.R. 512; 48 B.L.R. 69; (1991) 10 Tr. L.R. 12; (1990) 87(12)
L.S.G. 36; (1989) 139 N.L.J. 1712 ..........................................................................2–146
Williams Enterprises Inc v Strait Manufacturing and Welding,
728 F.Supp. 12 (DDC, 1990)..........................................7–077, 16–149, 17–062, 21–052,
21–081, 21–108, 21–117, 21–144, 21–160, 21–185
Willis v MRJ Rundell & Associates Ltd [2013] EWHC 2923 (TCC); [2013]
6 Costs L.R. 924; [2013] 3 E.G.L.R. 13; [2013] C.I.L.L. 3428 ..............................22–120
Wilner v United States, 23 Cl. Ct. 241 (1991) .................................................................20–032
Wilson v United Counties Bank Ltd [1920] A.C. 102, HL ...............................................11–005
Workers Trust & Merchant Bank Ltd v Dojap Investments Ltd [1993]
A.C. 573; [1993] 2 W.L.R. 702; [1993] 2 All E.R. 370; (1993)
66 P. & C.R. 15; [1993] 1 E.G.L.R. 203; [1993] E.G. 38 (C.S.); (1993)
143 N.L.J. 616; (1993) 137 S.J.L.B. 83; [1993] N.P.C. 33, PC (Jam) ......................21–239
Wraight Ltd v PH&T (Holdings) Ltd (1980) 13 B.L.R. 26, QBD ....................................21–011
Wren v Emmett Contractors Pty Ltd (1969) 43 A.L.J.R. 213 ...........................................12–005
Wunderlich Contracting Co v United States, 351 F.2d 956;
173 Ct. Cl. 180 (1965) ...............................................................15–003, 19–008, 19–024
Wylie v Gerald R Smith, unreported, 1995 ......................................................................21–141
X (Minors) v Bedfordshire CC; (A Minor) v Newham LBC; E (A Minor) v
Dorset CC (Appeal); Christmas v Hampshire CC (Duty of Care);
Keating v Bromley LBC (No.2) [1995] 2 A.C. 633; [1995]
3 W.L.R. 152; [1995] 3 All E.R. 353; [1995] 2 F.L.R. 276; [1995]
3 F.C.R. 337; 94 L.G.R. 313; (1995) 7 Admin. L.R. 705; [1995]
Fam. Law 537; (1996) 160 L.G. Rev. 103; (1996) 160 L.G. Rev. 123; (1995)
145 N.L.J. 993, HL ....................................................................................2–171, 2–174,
2–175, 2–178
Xuereb v Viola (1989) 18 NSWLR 453 ...........................................................................22–105
Yam Seng Pte Ltd v International Trade Corp Ltd [2013] EWHC 111 (QB); [2013]
1 All E.R. (Comm) 1321; [2013] 1 Lloyd’s Rep. 526; [2013]
1 C.L.C. 662; [2013] B.L.R. 147; 146 Con. L.R. 39; [2013] Bus. L.R. D53 ............21–247
Yarm Road Ltd (formerly Kvaerner Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd) v
Hewden Tower Cranes Ltd [2003] EWCA Civ 1127; 90 Const.
L.R. 1; (204) Const. L.J. 137; (2003) S.J.L.B. 994 ...................................................2–168
lxv
TABLE OF CASES
Yorkshire Dale Steamship Co Ltd v Minister of War Transport [1942]

A.C. 691; (1942) 73 Ll. L. Rep. 1; 1942 A.M.C. 1000, HL...........14–003, 20–004, 20–046
Young & Marten Ltd v McManus Childs Ltd; sub nom.
Prior v McManus Childs Ltd [1969] 1 A.C. 454; [1968]
3 W.L.R. 630; [1968] 2 All E.R. 1169; 67 L.G.R. 1; (1968) 112 S.J. 744, HL ............2–047
Youngdale & Sons Construction Co v United States, 27 Fed. Cl. 516 (1993) ....................21–164
Yuanda (UK) Co Ltd v WW Gear Construction Ltd [2010]
Bus. L.R. 360; [2010] 1 C.L.C. 491; [2010] B.L.R. 435; [2010]
T.C.L.R. 5; 130 Con. L.R. 133; [2010] C.I.L.L. 2849............................................21–136
Yukon Construction Co Ltd (1967) ASBCA No.10,859, 67–1 BCA at 6,334 ...................11–119
lxvi
TA B L E O F L EG IS LAT ION
United Kingdom 1979 Sale of Goods Act

1845 Railway Clauses Consolidation Act (c.28) ...................... 2–047, 2–096
(8 & 9 Vict. c.20) Arbitration Act (c.42) ...........19–027
s.55 ....................................... 2–182 1981 Senior Courts Act (c.54)
1847 Harbours, Docks, and Piers Clauses s.51 ......................................22–120
Act (10 & 11 Vict. c.27) (3) ....................................22–120
s.33 ....................................... 2–182 s.70 ......................................22–040
s.70 ....................................... 2–182 Supreme Court Act. See Senior
ss.74 to 76 ............................ 2–182 Courts Act
1893 Sale of Goods Act 1980 Limitation Act (c.58) ....... 22–149, 25–023
(55 & 56 Vict. c.71) s.2 ........................................25–023
s.14 ....................................... 2–047 s.5 ........................................25–023
1936 Public Health Act s.8 ........................................25–023
(26 Geo. 5 & 1 Edw. 8 c.49) 2–191 s.14A .................................... 2–165
s.278(1)................................. 2–191 (4)(a) ................................25–024
1965 Compulsory Purchase Act (b).................................25–024
(c.56) ................................. 2–187 (5) ....................................25–024
s.10(2) .................................. 2–187 (6) ....................................25–024
Nuclear Installations Act s.14B(1) ...............................25–024
(c.57) .......................... 4–261 1982 Supply of Goods and Services Act
1966 Construction (Working Places) (c.29) ................................. 2–047
Regulations (SI 1966/94) 1984 Telecommunications Act (c.12) .. 2–187
reg.3(1)(a) ............................21–049 Sch.2 paras.2 to 15 ............... 2–187
1967 Misrepresentation Act (c.7) ......22–079 County Courts Act (c.28)
s.2(2) ...................................22–082 s.63 ......................................22–040
1968 Civil Evidence Act (c.64) Building Act (c.55)..... 2–189, 2–190
s.14(1) .................................13–270 s.36 ....................................... 2–191
1970 Administration of Justice Act (c.31) s.106 ..................................... 2–190
s.31 ......................................13–237 Police and Criminal Evidence Act
s.32(1) .................................13–237 (c.60)
1971 Town and Country Planning Act (c.78) s.10(1)(a) .............................13–270
s.177 ..................................... 2–193 (b) .............................13–270
1972 Defective Premises Act (c.35) .... 2–047 1986 Gas Act (c.44) ........................... 2–187
s.1 ......................................... 2–165 Sch.4 para.1(3) ..................... 2–187
(1) ..................................... 2–165 Insolvency Rules (SI 1986/1925)
1977 Unfair Contract Terms Act r.4.90 ...................................23–063
(c.50) ..................21–136, 21–269, 1989 Electricity Act (c.29) ................. 2–187
21–272, 22–084, Sch.4 para.1(6) ..................... 2–187
22–101 1990 Town and Country Planning Act
s.3(1) ...................................21–136 (c.8) ........................ 1–022, 2–188
Pt 3....................................... 4–299 s.186(2)...................... 2–191, 2–193
lxvii
TABLE OF LEGISLATION
1991 Water Industry Act (c.56)........... 2–188 s.5A .....................................23–036

Sch.12 para.2(a), (b) ............. 2–188 (1) ....................................23–035
1994 Construction (Design and Management) (2A) .....................................23–035
Regulations (SI 1994/3140) ... 4–254 s.9 ........................................21–136
1995 Civil Evidence Act (c.38) ..........13–192 Human Rights Act (c.42) ........23–003,
1996 Arbitration Act (c.23) ..............21–136, 23–010,
22–101, 22–116 23–011,
s.33(1)(b) .............................22–129 23–018,
s.34 ......................................22–136 23–019
(1) ....................................22–124 Sch.1 Pt I art.6 ............... 23–010 to
(g) .................................22–125 23–013, 23–020
(2)(e) ................................22–154 Pt II Protocol 1 art.1 ...... 23–015 to
s.41(6) .................................22–159 23–017, 23–019
(7)(d) ............................22–159 Civil Procedure Rules
s.61(2) .................................22–144 (SI 1998/3132) ...............2–088,
s.63 ......................................22–144 13–237, 13–263,
Housing Grants, Construction and 13–264, 13–265,
Regeneration Act 14–209, 21–031,
(c.53) .......3–070, 4–037, 4–039, 22–090, 22–120,
4–040, 5–104, 8–019, 22–122, 22–133
14–059, 21–224, 22–101, r.3.4 ....................... 21–193, 22–123
22–106, 22–107, 23–005, (2)(e) ................................22–156
23–008, 23–032, 23–040, r.3.9 .....................................22–156
23–042 to 23–044, 23–063, (1)(e) ................................22–031
25–003, 25–004 Pt 3 PD para.5 ....................22–156
s.2 ........................................23–040 Pt 8....................... 21–194, 21–239,
s.26 ......................................21–136 22–106, 23–037, 23–041
Pt II .......... 12–179, 21–224, 23–063 r.12.5 ...................................22–052
s.104 ......... 22–116, 23–005, 23–038 r.13 ......................................22–052
(6)(b) ...............................25–003 r.15.4(1)...............................22–139
(7) ....................................25–003 r.15.8 ...................................22–145
s.105 ...........4–037, 23–005, 23–038 r.16.4 ...................................22–123
s.106 ......... 22–106, 23–045, 23–047 r.16.5(2)...............................22–137
(1)(b) ...............................23–040 (3).................................22–138
s.107(5)................................22–106 (5)................... 22–133, 22–138
s.108 ...........3–070, 21–136, 22–106 Pt 16 PD para.3.2 ................22–139
(1) ...................... 23–001, 25–004 para.9.3 ................................22–131
(f) .................................22–107 para.16.3 ..............................22–132
(2) ....................................23–001 r.17.1(2)...............................22–148
(b).................................25–004 (4).................................22–149
(c) .................................25–004 Pt 18 PD para.5...................22–153
(3) ...................... 22–108, 23–001 Pt 20....................................22–140
(5) ....................................25–004 r.20.8(1)(a) ..........................22–140
s.108A..................................23–063 Pt 23....................................22–148
ss.109 to 113 ........................ 7–102 r.24.2 ...................................21–193
s.112 ...............4–037, 4–038, 4–292 r.26.4 ...................................22–095
s.113 ..................................... 3–070 r.31.2 ...................................13–237
1998 Late Payment of Commercial Debts r.31.3 ...................................13–241
(Interest) Act (c.20) ........21–133, r.31.4 ...................................13–254
21–134, 23–004, r.31.6 ...................................13–237
23–030, r.31.8 ...................................13–252
23–035 r.31.12 .................................13–250
s.4 ........................................23–032 r.31.16 ................... 13–238, 22–015
lxviii
r.31.19 .................................13–270 2012 Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and

r.31.23(1) .............................13–240 Representations) Act (c.6) .... 2–163,
Pt 35........ 22–030, 22–031, 22–036, 2–164
22–043, 22–046 to 2013 Late Payment of Commercial Debts
22–048, 22–132 Regulations
r.35.3 ...................................22–043 (SI 2013/395) .......21–135, 21–136
r.35.4(1)................. 22–044, 22–047 2015 Construction (Design and
(4) ....................................22–144 Management) Regulations
r.35.9 ...................................22–037 (SI 2015/51) ....................... 4–254
r.35.10(2) .............................22–031 Australia
(3) ...................... 22–031, 22–042 1999 Building and Construction
(4) ....................................22–042 Industry (Security of Payment)
r.35.12 .................................22–052 Act (NSW) ........................22–106
(3) ....................................22–052 2002 Building and Construction Industry
(5) ....................................22–052 (Security of Payment)
r.35.13 ................... 13–272, 22–054 Act (Vic) ...........................22–106
r.35.15 .................................22–119 2004 Construction Contracts Act
Pt 35 PD .............. 22–030, 22–034, (WA) .................................22–106
22–046 Construction Industry Payments
para.1.2 ................................22–031 Act (Qd)............................22–106
para.3...................................22–042 Chile
para.3.3 ................................22–046 2010 Law No.20.410 of
para.7...................................22–119 20 January 2010 ................24–016
Pt 36....................................22–120 European Union
r.36.2(2)(c) ..........................22–120 1980 Convention 80/934/EEC on the law
r.36.9(1)...............................22–120 applicable to contractual obligations
r.44.2(4)(c) ..........................22–120 (Rome Convention) ...........25–007
r.48.2 ...................................22–120 2008 Regulation 593/2008/EC
Pt 49 PD .............................14–210 of the European Parliament and of
r.72 ....................................... 2–142 the Council of 17 June 2008
1999 Unfair Terms in Consumer on the law applicable to
Contracts Regulations contractual obligations
(SI 1999/2083) ..................21–269 (Rome I) ...........................25–007
2005 Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules preamble (6) ........................25–007
(SI 2005/352) ....................22–041 art.3(3) .................. 25–002, 25–008
2007 Construction (Design and Management) art.4(1) ................................25–007
Regulations (Northern Ireland) (a) .............................25–007
(SI 2007/291)........................ 4–254 (b) .............................25–007
Construction (Design and Management) (2) ....................................25–007
Regulations (3) ....................................25–007
(SI 2007/320) ..................... 4–254 (4) ....................................25–007
2009 Local Democracy, Economic art.5 .....................................25–007
Development and Construction (1) ....................................25–007
Act (c.20) .............. 3–014, 21–224 art.6 .....................................25–007
s.141 ....................................23–063 art.7 .....................................25–007
Civil Procedure (Amendment) art.8 .....................................25–007
Rules (SI 2009/2092) ...........22–030 art.9 ....................... 25–002, 25–008
r3.2(9)(a) .............................22–046 (1) ...................... 25–003, 25–008
(b) ....................................22–046 (2) ....................................25–008
r.35.9 ...................................22–037 (3) ....................................25–008
r.35.10(3) .............................22–036 art.21 ...................................25–008
r.35.15 .................................22–040 2011 Directive 2011/7/EU of the European
Pt 35 PD .............................22–036 Parliament and of the Council
lxix
of 16 February 2011 on Germany

combining later payment in Civil Code............................21–261
commercial transactions ....21–135, s.307(1)................................21–261
23–029 New Zealand
France 1992 Construction Contracts Act ......22–106
Civil Code Peru
art.1152 ...............................21–261 Framework Law for Public-Private
art.1792 ...............................25–025 Partnerships ......................24–085
art.1792–2............................25–026 Romania
art.1792–3............................25–026 1994 Regulation 273/1994
art.1792–5............................25–026 art.3 .....................................25–019
art.1792–6............................25–026 art.15 ...................................25–020
1975 Law on Subcontracting art.21 ...................................25–020
(Act No.75–1334)..............25–005 art.37 ...................................25–021
art.12 ...................................25–005 art.38 ...................................25–021
art.13 ...................................25–005 1994 Law No.10/1995 ......................25–021
Singapore
Germany
2004 Building and Construction Industry
Civil Code............................21–261
Security of Payment Act
s.305 ....................................25–010
(Cap.30B) .........................22–106
s.307 ....................................25–010
United Arab Emirates
(1) .......................................21–261
Civil Code
Hungary art.390(1).............................25–014
2013 Act XXXIV of 1 July 2013 ........24–016 (2) .............................25–015
Ireland United States
1995 European Communities (Unfair Terms 1978 Contracts Disputes Act .............12–160
in Consumer Contracts) 1994 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Regulations (27/1999)........21–291 r.26 ........................ 13–264, 22–035
lxx
TAB L E O F C O N T R ACT CLAU S ES
A201/97........................4–016, 4–021, 4–078, cl.5.2.3 ...................................... 4–012

6–039, 7–224, 8–075, cl.6.2.3 ........................... 4–178, 4–320
11–021, 16–061 cl.7.2 ............................ 4–108, 10–077
cl.3.2.1 ...................................... 4–086 cl.7.2.1 ......................... 4–236, 12–035
cl.3.2.3 ................4–021, 4–086, 4–320 cl.7.3 ......................................... 4–108
cl.3.10 ....................................... 7–181 cl.7.3.1 .....................................12–035
cl.3.10.1 .................................... 9–037 cl.7.3.4 ...................................... 4–320
cl.4.2.7 .....................................14–053 cl.7.4 ......................................... 4–108
cl.4.3.1 ...................................... 5–013 cl.8.3.1 .......................... 2–035, 4–012,
cl.4.3.4 ........................... 4–158, 4–320 4–016, 4–033, 4–049,
cl.4.3.7.2 ................................... 4–141 4–052, 6–015, 6–039
cl.4.3.10 .................................... 4–320 cl.9.7 ......................................... 4–037
cl.4.14 ....................................... 4–037 cl.9.9.1 ...................................... 4–255
cl.4.19.1 .................................... 9–037 cl.10.3.2 .................................... 4–012
cl.5.2.3 ...................................... 4–012 cl.10.4 ............................ 4–012, 4–255
cl.6.2.3 ........................... 4–178, 4–320 cl.12.1.2 .................................... 4–236
cl.7.2 ........................................10–077 cl.12.3 ....................................... 4–037
cl.7.2.1 ......................... 4–236, 12–035 cl.14.3.2 ......................... 4–171, 4–320
cl.7.3.1 .....................................12–035 cl.15.1.2 ......................... 5–078, 5–099
cl.8.3.1 .......................... 2–035, 4–012, cl.15.1.5.1 ................................. 5–013
4–033, 4–049, 4–052, cl.15.1.5.2 ................................. 4–141
6–015, 14–155 cl.15.1.6 .................................... 4–320
cl.9.7.1 ...................................... 4–037 A201SC/07
cl.9.9.1 ...................................... 4–255 cl.15.2.2 ...................................13–157
cl.10.3.2 .................................... 4–012 ACA in general ........................ 1–022, 4–262,
cl.10.6.1 ......................... 4–012, 4–255 7–090, 7–224
cl.12.1.2 .................................... 4–236 ACA82 .................................... 1–023, 8–031,
cl.12.3 ....................................... 4–037 11–021
cl.14.3.2 .................................... 4–171 cl.1...........................................12–051
cl.15.1.2 ......................... 5–078, 5–099 cl.1.5 ........................................12–123
A201/07........................4–016, 4–021, 4–078, cl.1.6 ......................................... 4–097
7–224, 8–075, 11–021, cl.2.1 ......................................... 4–215
14–054, 14–156, 16–061 cl.2.6 ............................ 4–152, 12–028
cl.3.2.2 ...................................... 4–086 cl.3.2 ......................................... 7–201
cl.3.2.4 ................4–021, 4–086, 4–320 cl.3.5 ......................................... 4–232
cl.3.7.4 ........................... 4–158, 4–320 cl.8.1(d) ....................... 4–169, 12–052
cl.3.7.5 ...................................... 4–320 (e) ...................................12–052
cl.3.10 ....................................... 7–197 cl.11.3 ......................................21–225
cl.3.10.1 .................................... 9–037 alt.1 .........................................21–226
cl.4.14 ....................................... 4–037 cl.11.5 alt. 1 .............................. 4–032
cl.4.19.1 .................................... 9–037 alt. 2 ......................................... 6–025
lxxi
TABLE OF CONTRACT CLAUSES
(a) .................................... 4–061 cl.40.1 ........................ 12–036, 12–037

(c) .................................... 4–249 cl.40.4 ......................................12–155
(d) .................................... 4–179 AS4000 ........................1–022, 3–024, 4–027,
(e) ........................ 4–032, 4–097, 4–033, 4–244, 4–274,
4–114, 4–152, 4–169, 6–035, 8–075, 10–030,
4–172, 4–215, 4–232 11–048, 12–036, 13–140,
cl.11.6 ......................................11–105 14–145, 16–061, 20–017
cl.11.8 .............4–172, 11–072, 11–102 cl.1............................................ 4–033
cl.12.2 ....................................... 8–031 (b) (ii).................................. 4–125
cl.12.3 ....................................... 8–031 cl.6............................................ 7–181
cl.17 .........................................11–069 cl.8.1 .......................... 12–123, 12–132
ACA98 .......... 1–023, 8–031, 10–030, 11–021 cl.11.2 ....................................... 4–289
cl.1...........................................12–051 cl.24.3 ....................................... 4–289
cl.1.5 ........................................12–123 cl.24.4
cl.1.6 ......................................... 4–097 cl.25.3 ....................................... 4–289
cl.2.1 ......................................... 4–215 cl.32 ............... 4–289, 11–081, 18–043,
cl.2.6 ............................ 4–152, 12–028 18–067, 18–136
cl.3.2 ......................................... 7–201 cl.33.2 ........................... 7–033, 7–225,
cl.3.5 ......................................... 4–232 9–030, 9–065
cl.8.1(d) ....................... 4–169, 12–052 cl.33.4 ....................................... 4–289
(e) ..................... 12–052, 12–053 cl.34.1 ....................................... 7–091
cl.11.3 alt.1 ..............................21–226 cl.34.3 ......................................14–145
cl.11.5 alt.1 ............................... 4–032 cl.34.4 ........... 11–030, 18–068, 20–013
alt.2 .......................................... 6–025 cl.34.5 ....................................... 5–139
(a) .................................... 4–061 cl.36.1 .......................... 4–289, 12–037
(c) .................................... 4–249 cl.36.3 ......................................12–155
(d) .................................... 4–179 cl.36.4 ....................................... 4–274
(e) ........................ 4–032, 4–097, C21 in general ..................................... 6–012
4–114, 4–152, 4–169, C21/03 .........................1–022, 4–006, 4–009,
4–172, 4–215, 4–232, 6–132 6–013, 6–032, 7–191,
cl.11.6 ......................................11–105 8–075, 10–072, 14–115, 16–133
cl.11.8 .............4–172, 11–072, 11–102 cl.11 .......................................... 9–065
cl.12.2 ....................................... 8–031 cl.11.3 ......................................11–051
cl.12.3 ....................................... 8–031 cl.31.2 ......................................12–120
cl.17 .........................................11–069 cl.33 .........................................12–120
AIA forms in general ..........................20–010 cl.38.1 ....................................... 4–314
AIA 2007 .......... 1–012, 1–022, 2–054, 4–109 cl.41 ............................. 4–314, 12–032
AS2124 ........................1–022, 4–016, 4–027, cl.41.8 ......................................12–022
4–033, 4–244, 5–059, 6–035, cl.41.10 ....................................12–032
6–135, 8–075, 10–030, 11–030, cl.43 ............................. 6–034, 14–143
11–031, 11–048, 13–140, cl.43.1 ....................................... 4–006
14–145, 16–061, 18–068, 21–246 cl.43.1.2 .................................... 4–047
cl.3.1 ........................................11–080 cl.43.2 ....................................... 5–018
cl.6............................................ 7–181 cl.43.3 ......................................11–025
cl.8.1 ........................................12–123 cl.44.1 ....................................... 4–314
cl.32.2 ......................................18–136 cl.45.4 ....................................... 4–314
cl.33.2 ................7–033, 7–091, 7–225, cl.46.3 ....................................... 4–314
9–030, 9–065, 18–043, 18–067 cl.78 .......................................... 4–008
cl.35.5 .......................... 5–139, 16–086 C21/09 .........................1–007, 1–022, 1–025,
(a) .................................. 4–125 2–056, 4–006, 4–027,
(b) (iv) ............................ 4–114 4–078, 4–122, 4–322, 5–165,
(vii) ........................... 4–179 6–045, 7–204, 7–207, 8–075
(viii)........................... 4–179 cl.4.9.1 (6) ................................ 8–050
(x) ............................. 4–032
lxxii
cl.17.4 ......................................13–135 CPC 2013 ....................1–005, 1–012, 1–025,

cl.17.5 ......................................13–135 2–034, 2–052, 2–056,
cl.25 ..................9–036, 9–065, 11–026 3–007 to 3–015, 4–325 to
cl.25.4 ........................ 11–026, 11–051 4–366, 13–105
cl.25.6 to cl.25.12 ..................... 7–191 cl.2.4.7 ...................................... 4–348
cl.25.6 ....................................... 6–019 cl.5.1 ......................................... 4–348
cl.25.8 ........................... 5–042, 5–087, cl.5.2 ...................4–349, 4–354, 4–366
6–019, 9–047, 16–032 cl.13.4 ....................................... 4–353
cl.25.9 ....................................... 4–006 cl.20 .......................................... 4–352
cl.25.9.3 .................................... 8–050 cl.21.4 ....................................... 4–351
cl.25.10 ....................................14–143 cl.23.2 ....................................... 4–366
cl.25.11 ....................................16–032 cl.23.3 ....................................... 4–366
cl.38.1 ....................................... 4–165 cl.24 .......................................... 4–366
cl.41 ........................... 11–082, 12–032 cl.25 .......................................... 4–348
cl.41.6 ....................................... 4–314 cl.25.2 ....................................... 4–366
cl.41.8 ......................................12–022 cl.26 ............................... 4–349, 4–366
cl.41.10 ....................................12–032 cl.26.4 ....................................... 4–349
cl.42 ............................. 4–095, 12–121 cl.26.5 ....................................... 4–349
cl.42.1 ....................................... 4–086 cl.26.6 ....................................... 4–366
cl.42.4 ....................................... 4–314 cl.27 ............................... 4–358, 4–366
cl.44 ............................. 4–095, 12–121 cl.27.3 ....................................... 4–360
cl.44.3 ............................ 4–095, 4–314 cl.27.4 ....................................... 4–360
cl.49 .......................................... 4–233 cl.28 ............................... 4–356, 4–366
cl.51.1 ....................................... 6–035 cl.32 ............................... 4–351, 4–366
cl.52 .........................................11–082 cl.32.2 ....................................... 4–366
cl.53.1 ....................................... 4–118 cl.32.3 ....................................... 4–366
cl.54 .........................................11–082 cl.32.5 ....................................... 4–366
cl.54.1.1 ......................... 4–033, 4–047 cl.33 .......................................... 4–366
cl.54.3 .................5–042, 5–087, 7–191 cl.33.1 ....................................... 4–352
cl.54.4 ....................................... 4–006 cl.33.3 ....................................... 4–353
cl.55 .......................................... 4–314 cl.34.1 ....................................... 4–353
cl.55.3 ....................................... 5–164 cl.34.2 ....................................... 4–353
cl.56 .........................................11–082 cl.35 ............................... 4–349, 4–351
cl.57.3 ....................................... 4–172 cl.36 .......................................... 4–358
cl.58.4 ....................................... 4–037 cl.37 .......................................... 4–358
CE06 ................ 1–022, 4–036, 4–041, 4–087, cl.37.1 ....................................... 4–358
4–183, 4–266, 9–042, 12–122 cl.37.3 ....................................... 4–353
cl.2.1 ......................................... 3–062 cl.38 .......................................... 4–363
cl.4.19.1 ......................... 9–037, 9–051 cl.38.3 ....................................... 4–363
cl.4.19.1.1 ................................. 7–206 cl.38.4 ....................................... 4–363
cl.5.7 .............................. 6–027, 6–028 cl.39 ............................... 4–363, 4–366
cl.5.7.1 ........................... 4–114, 4–117 cl.39.2.6 .................................... 4–366
cl.5.7.2 ................4–031, 4–170, 4–183 cl.40.3 ....................................... 4–363
cl.5.7.3 ...................................... 4–050 cl.41 .......................................... 4–366
cl.5.7.4 ...................................... 4–050 cl.42 ............................... 4–353, 4–359
cl.5.8 ......................................... 4–236 cl.43 .......................................... 4–359
cl.6.4 ........................................13–147 cl.43.2 ....................................... 4–353
CM08...........................3–036, 3–044, 7–196, cl.44 ....................4–353, 4–358, 4–360
13–060, 13–146 cl.45 ............................... 4–358, 4–360
cl.1.1 ......................................... 7–205 cl.51.3 ....................................... 4–344
CMTC/08 cl.53.2 ....................................... 4–356
cl.2.28.9 .................................... 4–251 cl.57 .......................................... 4–356
cl.2.28.12 .................................. 4–061 cl.65 .......................................... 4–366
lxxiii
App.A ....................................... 4–363 4–027, 4–316, 7–165, 7–189,

App.E........................................ 4–351 7–207, 7–225, 7–243, 10–019,
DB05 ...........................1–023, 2–026, 4–266, 11–021, 11–039, 11–105,
4–288, 7–196, 11–053, 13–054, 13–056, 16–086,
11–079, 13–058, 13–140 16–141, 18–118
cl.2.3 ......................................... 7–091 cl.11.2 ......................................15–099
cl.2.10.1 .................................... 4–093 cl.16 .......................................... 5–005
cl.2.12 ....................................... 4–094 cl.17.1 .......................... 4–100, 12–123
cl.2.12.2 .................................... 4–021 cl.17.3 ....................................... 4–021
cl.2.14.2 ...................................12–119 cl.19.1 .......................... 4–097, 12–113
cl.2.25.1 .................................... 6–026 cl.21.1 ......................................12–030
cl.2.25.1.2 .................... 6–034, 14–142 cl.31 ............................ 7–243, 15–062,
cl.2.25.5.1 ................................14–144 15–099, 15–144
cl.2.25.5.2 ................................. 6–089 cl.31.1 ............................ 7–181, 8–067
cl.2.25.6.1 .................. 11–023, 11–026 cl.31.2 ........................... 7–187, 7–204,
cl.2.26.1 ..............4–093, 4–094, 4–114 8–050, 11–041,
cl.2.26.2 .................................... 4–117 11–147, 16–062
cl.2.26.2.1 ...................... 4–119, 4–172 cl.31.3 .......................... 8–068, 11–041
cl.2.26.2.3 ................................. 4–236 cl.32 .......................... 15–062, 15–099,
cl.2.26.3 .................................... 4–169 15–144, 15–149, 15–153
cl.2.26.4 .................................... 4–038 cl.32.1 ........................... 4–113, 9–040,
cl.2.26.5 ......................... 4–183, 4–254 9–046, 11–041
cl.2.26.6 ......................... 4–175, 4–179 cl.36 .........................................11–075
cl.2.26.7 .................................... 4–127 cl.36.1 ........................ 11–069, 11–102
cl.2.26.9 .................................... 4–251 cl.46.1 ......................................11–040
cl.2.26.10 ....................... 4–245, 4–246 cl.50.3 ............................ 7–199, 8–006
cl.2.26.11 .................................. 4–181 cl.51.2 ....................................... 4–037
cl.2.26.12 .................................. 4–177 cl.60.1(1) ...................... 4–093, 4–097,
cl.2.26.13 .................................. 4–061 4–100, 4–113
cl.2.29.2.1 ................................. 4–264 (2) ..................... 4–165, 12–028
cl.3.7 ........................................14–032 (3) ...................... 4–185, 4–226,
cl.3.9.1 .....................................12–008 14–047
cl.3.10 ....................................... 4–172 (4) .................................. 4–172
cl.3.11 ....................................... 4–119 (5) .................................. 4–185
cl.3.16.1 .................................... 4–254 (6) ..................... 4–226, 14–052
cl.3.22.2 .................................... 4–264 (7) .................................. 4–264
cl.4.21.1 .................................... 4–094 (8) .................................. 4–113
cl.5.1 .............................. 4–094, 4–114 (10) ................................ 4–236
DB09 (11) ................................ 4–236
cl.2.26.1 ...................................12–069 (12) ................................ 4–149
cl.3.5 ........................................12–069 (13) ................................ 4–134
cl.3.9.1 .....................................12–068 (14) .................... 4–036, 4–039,
cl.4.20 ......................................12–069 4–088, 4–244,
cl.5.1.2 .....................................12–069 4–255, 4–259
cl.5.1.1.3 ..................................12–068 (16) ................................ 4–184
DOM/1...............................................23–039 (17) ................................ 4–113
cl.11 .......................................... 7–063 (18) ................................ 4–035
cl.11.8 ....................................... 7–063 cl.61 ............................... 4–112, 5–079
App. .......................................... 7–063 cl.62 ..................4–276, 9–059, 17–051
DOM/2...............................................21–209 cl.62.1 ....................................... 9–060
ECC in general ....................... 8–001, 12–107 cl.63.3 ................6–017, 6–045, 9–036,
ECC2 ...........................2–019, 2–020, 2–036, 14–143, 15–062,
2–123, 2–131, 2–153, 4–021, 15–099, 15–144, 15–149
lxxiv
cl.63.4 ....................................... 5–006 (12) ..................................... 4–149

cl.80 .......................................... 2–153 (13) .............4–122, 4–134, 13–137
cl.80.1 ................4–036, 4–039, 4–088, (14) ..............4–036, 4–039, 4–088,
4–244, 4–246, 4–244, 4–255, 4–259
4–255, 4–259 (16) ..................................... 4–184
Option R ..................................21–225 (17) ..................................... 4–113
ECC3 ............... 1–007, 2–036, 2–040, 2–056, (18) .......................... 4–035, 6–132
2–131, 2–153, 4–021, cl.60.2 (19) ............................... 4–078
4–027, 4–135, 4–305, cl.60.4 ......................................12–084
4–316, 5–154, 5–165, cl.60.5 ......................................12–084
7–165, 7–190, 7–207, cl.60.6 ......................................12–084
7–225, 7–243, 10–019, cl.60.7 ......................................12–084
11–021, 11–039, 11–105, cl.61 .......................................... 4–112
13–054, 13–056, 16–086, cl.61.1 ......................................10–077
16–141, 18–118 cl.61.2 ......................................10–077
cl.11.2 ......................................15–099 cl.61.3 ........................... 5–079, 5–120,
(31) ...............................12–084 5–146, 5–154
cl.12.4 ............................ 2–045, 5–164 cl.62 .............................. 2–123, 4–276,
cl.16.1 ....................................... 5–005 9–059, 17–051
cl.17.1 .......................... 4–100, 12–123 cl.62.1 ....................................... 9–060
cl.17.3 ....................................... 4–021 cl.63.3 ................6–017, 6–045, 8–050,
cl.18.1 .......................... 4–097, 12–113 9–036, 14–143, 15–062,
cl.21.1 ......................................12–030 15–099, 15–144, 15–149
cl.31 .................7–189, 7–243, 15–062, cl.63.4 ............................ 4–305, 5–165
15–099, 15–144 cl.63.5 ....................................... 5–006
cl.31.1 ............................ 7–181, 8–067 cl.80 .......................................... 2–153
cl.31.2 ................7–187, 7–204, 8–032, cl.80.1 ........................... 4–036, 4–039,
8–050, 10–059, 4–088, 4–244, 4–246,
11–041, 11–147, 16–062 4–255, 4–259
cl.31.3 .......................... 8–068, 11–041 Option X7................................21–225
cl.32 .......................... 15–062, 15–099, FIDIC in general ..........1–015, 1–022, 1–023,
15–144, 15–149, 15–153 4–020, 4–021, 4–052,
cl.32.1 ........................... 4–113, 9–040, 4–063, 4–200, 4–228,
9–046, 11–041 4–262, 6–035, 7–090,
cl.36 .........................................11–075 7–224, 9–057, 11–042,
cl.36.1 ........................ 11–069, 11–102 11–076, 12–046,
cl.46.1 ......................................11–040 14–062, 16–061,
cl.50.3 ............................ 7–199, 8–006 24–026
cl.51.2 ....................................... 4–037 cl. 1.3 (a) .................................13–056
cl.52.2 ......................................13–136 cl.8.4 ........................................15–103
cl.52.3 ......................................13–137 cl.17.3 ....................................... 4–021
cl.55.1 ......................................12–084 cl.20.1 ......................................11–105
60 (1) ........................... 4–093, 4–097, cl.44.1 (c) ................................. 4–127
4–100, 4––113 FIDIC/99 in general .............. 4–275, 24–011,
(2) .......................... 4–165, 12–028 24–013, 24–030,
(3) ...............4–185, 4–226, 14–047 24–073
(4) ....................................... 4–172 cl.3...........................................24–022
(5) ....................................... 4–185 cl.20 .........................................24–043
(6) .......................... 4–226, 14–052 cl.20.2 ......................................24–022
(7) ....................................... 4–264 cl.20.4 ........................ 24–069, 24–070
(8) ....................................... 4–113 cl.20.6 ......................................24–069
(10) ..................................... 4–236 cl.24 .........................................24–022
(11) ..................................... 4–236 App. .........................................24–022
lxxv
FIDIC4 ........................2–150, 6–074, 8–051, cl.8.4 ........................................12–144

11–036, 11–045, (a) ......................... 4–114, 4–140
12–083, 21–225 (b) .............4–102, 4–157, 4–172,
cl.2.6 .............................. 6–074, 6–140 4–180, 4–181, 4–236,
cl.5.2 ............................ 5–023, 12–123 4–244, 4–248, 4–259, 4–264
cl.6.3 ......................................... 5–021 (c) .................................... 4–140
cl.6.4 ......................................... 5–021 (e) .................................... 4–312
cl.8.1 .......................... 11–039, 12–040 cl.8.5 .............................. 4–180, 4–181
cl.8.2 ........................................12–040 cl.8.6 (b) ................................... 9–039
cl.12 .......................................... 5–014 cl.8.9 ......................................... 4–172
cl.12.2 .......................... 2–130, 12–028 cl.13 .........................................12–043
cl.14.1 ........................... 7–181, 7–238, cl.14.8 ....................................... 4–037
7–239, 8–067 cl.17.3 (a) ................................. 4–249
cl.14.2 ....................................... 9–044 (b) ................................ 4–248
cl.17 .......................................... 5–023 (c) ................................. 4–244
cl.20.3 .................4–246, 4–249, 4–259 (g) ................................. 4–259
cl.20.4 (b) ................................. 4–249 (h) ................................ 4–140
(e) ................................. 4–246 cl.17.4 ........................... 4–140, 4–244,
(g) ................................. 4–259 4–248, 4–249, 4–259
cl.26.1 ......................................12–113 cl.19.1 ............................ 4–068, 4–079
cl.27.1 (a) ................................. 4–264 cl.19.5 ....................................... 4–079
cl.38.2 ....................................... 5–023 cl.20.1 ........................... 5–021, 5–077,
cl.44.1 ............................ 6–071, 6–081 5–117, 6–081
(a) ...........4–114, 4–246, 4–249, cl.20.2 ......................................24–048
4–259, 5–023 cl.20.4 ......................................24–039
(b) ....................... 2–130, 4–264 cl.20.6 ......................................24–039
(c)................................... 4–140 App. .........................................24–050
(d) ....................... 4–034, 4–039 FIDIC/Build99 ...... 2–150, 5–061, 6–016, 7–181,
(e)................................... 4–052 8–051, 11–044, 11–045,
cl.44.2 .................5–019, 5–060, 5–083 13–153, 24–030, 24–043, 25–004
cl.44.3 ........................ 11–105, 12–144 cl.1.1.6.9 ..................................12–043
cl.45.1 ......................................11–173 cl.1.5 ...............4–081, 12–130, 12–131
cl.46.1 ......................................11–174 cl.1.9 ............................ 4–310, 14–047
cl.51.1 ......................................12–041 cl.1.13 ......................................12–118
cl.53.1 ....................................... 5–077 cl.2.1 .............................. 4–168, 4–310
FIDIC/Build98 ........................ 7–090, 8–051, cl.4.1 .......................... 12–042, 12–043
9–051, 9–054 cl.4.7 ......................................... 4–310
cl.1.1.6.9 ..................................12–043 cl.4.12 ............................ 4–159, 4–310
cl.1.9 ......................................... 4–228 cl.4.21 ......................................13–152
cl.1.13 ........................ 12–113, 12–118 cl.4.24 ............................ 4–264, 4–310
cl.2.1 ......................................... 4–168 cl.5............................................ 4–201
cl.4.1 .......................... 12–042, 12–043 cl.5.2 ........................................14–039
cl.4.7 ......................................... 4–102 cl.5.6 ........................................13–153
cl.4.12 ....................................... 4–157 cl.6.10 ......................................13–151
cl.4.21 ....................................... 9–055 cl.7.4 .............................. 4–236, 4–310
(g) .................................. 9–052 cl.8.1 ........................................11–039
cl.4.24 ....................................... 4–264 cl.8.3 ............................. 7–183, 7–185,
cl.5............................................ 4–201 8–077, 9–045
cl.6.10 ....................................... 9–055 (d) .................................... 4–114
cl.7.4 .............................. 4–236, 4–236 cl.8.4 .................4–020, 6–090, 12–144
cl.8.3 ..................7–181, 7–183, 8–050, (a) .................................... 7–166
8–077, 9–044 (b) .............4–168, 4–181, 4–236,
(b) .................................... 4–249 4–259, 4–264
lxxvi
(c) ......................... 4–021, 4–141 (d) .................................... 4–150

(e) ........................ 4–034, 4–039, (e) ..............4–039, 4–187, 4–312
4–187, 6–132 cl.8.4 .............................. 4–180, 4–181
cl.8.5 ......................................... 4–181 cl.8.5 ........................................11–040
cl.8.6 ............. 11–041, 11–052, 11–057 cl.8.8 ......................................... 4–172
cl.8.7 .......................... 25–013, 25–018 cl.12.3 ....................................... 4–237
cl.8.9 ......................................... 4–310 cl.13.8 ....................................... 4–037
cl.10.1 ......................................25–018 cl.14.3 ....................................... 2–123
cl.10.2 ......................................25–018 cl.17.3 (a) ................................. 4–249
cl.10.3 ....................................... 4–310 (e) ................................. 4–244
cl.11.1 ......................................25–023 (g) ................................. 4–140
cl.11.10 ....................................25–023 cl.17.4 .................4–140, 4–244, 4–249
cl.12.3 ....................................... 4–290 cl.19.1 ............................ 4–069, 4–079
cl.13 .........................................12–043 (a) .................................. 4–069
cl.13.1 ......................................12–131 cl.19.5 ....................................... 4–079
cl.13.3 .......................... 2–123, 13–151 cl.20.1 ....................................... 5–077
cl.13.7 ....................................... 4–310 FIDIC/DB99 ................2–150, 4–203, 4–290,
cl.14.9 ......................................25–018 5–061, 6–016, 7–181,
cl.16.1 ....................................... 4–310 8–051, 11–053, 24–031,
cl.17.2 ......................................25–018 24–034, 24–043, 24–074
cl.17.3(c)................................... 4–246 cl.1.5 ...............4–081, 12–130, 12–131
(g) .................................. 4–259 cl.1.13 ......................................12–118
cl.17.4 ............................ 4–259, 4–310 cl.2.1 ......................................... 4–168
cl.19 ............................... 4–070, 4–079 cl.4.1 ........................................12–072
cl.19.1 ....................................... 4–071 cl.4.12 ....................................... 4–151
cl.19.4 ....................................... 4–310 cl.4.24 ............................ 4–264, 4–310
cl.19.6 ....................................... 4–072 cl.5.2 ......................................... 7–184
cl.20.1 ................4–311, 5–022, 5–077, cl.7.4 .............................. 4–236, 4–310
5–118, 5–146, 6–081, cl.8.3 ...................7–184, 7–185, 8–077
13–151, 25–010, 25–012 (d) .................................... 7–166
cl.20.2 ......................................24–048 cl.8.4 ............................ 6–090, 12–144
cl.20.4 ......................................24–039 (a) .................................... 4–114
cl.20.6 ........................ 24–039, 24–073 (b) ........................ 4–168, 4–181,
cl.20.8 ......................................24–073 4–236, 4–264
Annex ........... 24–059, 24–063, 24–064 (c) .................................... 4–187
App. ........................... 24–050, 24–055 (e) ......................... 4–034, 4–039
cl.8.5 ......................................... 4–181
FIDIC/DB95 1–023, 6–081, 7–166,
cl.8.6 .......................... 11–052, 11–057
8–051, 9–051, 9–054, cl.8.9 ......................................... 4–310
21–225, 24–009 cl.10.3 ....................................... 4–310
cl.1.13 ......................................12–113 cl.13.1 ......................................12–131
cl.2.2 ......................................... 4–168 cl.13.7 ....................................... 4–310
cl.3.5 ......................................... 6–071 cl.16.1 ....................................... 4–310
cl.4.14 ................7–181, 7–186, 7–187, cl.17.3 (c) ................................. 4–246
7–204, 8–050, cl.17.4 ....................................... 4–310
8–066, 9–044 cl.19 ............................... 4–070, 4–079
cl.4.15 ....................................... 9–054 cl.19.1 ....................................... 4–142
(g) .................................. 9–051 cl.19.4 ....................................... 4–142
cl.4.24 ....................................... 4–264 cl.19.6 ....................................... 4–072
cl.8.1 ........................................11–039 cl.20.1 ........................... 4–311, 5–022,
cl.8.3 .............................. 5–021, 9–045 5–077, 5–118
(c) ........................ 4–140, 4–168, FIDIC/DBO ........................ 24–014, 24–030,
4–172, 4–180, 4–181, 24–043, 25–010
4–244, 4–249, 4–264 cl.20.5 ......................................24–030
lxxvii
FIDIC/M&E87 ...........4–068, 6–081, 11–039, cl.4.12 ............................ 4–159, 4–310

11–068, 13–151, 21–225, cl.4.24 ............................ 4–264, 4–310
24–010, 24–031, 24–034 cl.5.2 ......................................... 7–184
cl.12.1 ........................... 7–181, 7–186, cl.5.6 ........................................13–153
8–050, 8–051, 8–067 cl.7.4 .............................. 4–236, 4–310
cl.12.3 ....................................... 9–044 cl.8.3 ............................. 7–184, 7–185,
cl.15.2 ......................................12–113 8–077, 9–045
cl.26.1 ........................... 4–201, 5–021, (d) .................................... 4–114
6–071, 6–101 cl.8.4 ......................................... 6–090
(a) .................................. 4–114 (a) .................................... 4–114
(b) .................................. 4–127 (b) ........................ 4–168, 4–181,
(c)................................... 4–149 4–236, 4–264
(d) ....................... 4–117, 4–228 (c) .................................... 4–141
(e)........................ 4–034, 4–312 (e) ..............4–034, 4–039, 4–187
(f) ................................... 4–187 cl.8.5 ......................................... 4–181
(g) .................................. 4–172 cl.8.6 .......................... 11–052, 11–057
(i) ........................ 4–255, 4–259 cl.8.9 ......................................... 4–310
(l) ........................ 4–244, 4–249 cl.10.3 ....................................... 4–310
cl.26.2 ....................................... 4–201 cl.13 .........................................12–074
cl.31.2 ....................................... 2–123 cl.13.1 ......................................12–131
cl.31.5 ......................................13–150 cl.13.7 ....................................... 4–310
cl.33.6 ....................................... 4–037 cl.16.1 ....................................... 4–310
cl.34.1 (a) ................................. 5–077 cl.17.3 (c) ................................. 4–246
cl.37.2 (a) ...................... 4–064, 4–249 cl.17.4 ....................................... 4–310
(b) ................................. 4–064 cl.19 ............................... 4–070, 4–079
(c) ....................... 4–064, 4–244 cl.19.1 ....................................... 4–071
(e) .................................. 4–064 cl.19.4 ....................................... 4–310
(g).................................. 4–259 cl.19.6 ....................................... 4–072
(h) ................................. 4–255 cl.20.1 ........................... 4–311, 5–022,
(i) .................................. 4–255 5–077, 5–118, 6–081
(k).................................. 4–034 cl.44.5 ......................................12–144
cl.44.1 .................4–063, 4–069, 4–079 FIDIC/SF98 .................4–025, 4–027, 6–081,
cl.44.2 ............................ 4–065, 4–067 7–198, 11–039, 21–225
cl.44.5 ....................................... 4–079 cl.1.1.14 ......................... 4–062, 4–079
cl.44.6 .................4–066, 4–067, 4–079 cl.6.1 ...................4–025, 4–141, 6–030
cl.44.8 ....................................... 4–067 (b) ......................... 4–248, 4–249
FIDIC/MDB 2004................ 24–030, 24–043 (c) .................................... 4–246
FIDIC/MDB 2010................ 24–030, 24–043 (g) .................................... 4–259
cl.20.2 ......................................24–035 (h) ......................... 4–140, 4–141
cl.20.4 ......................................24–067 (i) ..................................... 4–160
Annex ......................................24–030 (j) ..................................... 4–172
App. .........................................24–076 (k) ..............4–034, 4–187, 4–312
FIDIC/PD + B99 .........2–150, 4–203, 4–259, (l) ..................................... 4–079
4–290, 5–061, 6–016, (m) .............4–025, 4–114, 4–236
7–181, 8–051, 11–053, cl.7.3 ..................4–034, 4–079, 4–114,
24–031, 24–034, 24–043 4–140, 4–141, 4–160,
cl.1.1.6.8 ..................................12–074 4–172, 4–187, 4–236,
cl.1.5 ...............4–081, 12–130, 12–131 4–246, 4–248, 4–249,
cl.1.9 ......................................... 4–310 4–259, 4–312, 6–030
cl.1.13 ......................................12–118 cl.9.2 .............................. 4–025, 4–236
cl.2.1 .............................. 4–168, 4–310 cl.10.3 ............................ 5–004, 5–022
cl.4.1 ........................................12–073 GC/Works in general................ 1–022, 1–023,
cl.4.7 ......................................... 4–310 2–019, 2–020, 4–122,
lxxviii
4–171, 4–248, 4–262, GC/Works/1DB........................ 7–182, 7–198,

4–264, 7–165, 9–038, 7–225, 7–226,
11–062, 13–056 8–051, 16–061
cl.35 (3) (b) .............................. 4–229 cl.1 (1) ...................................... 8–067
(4) (e) .............................. 4–229 (d) ..........4–246, 4–249, 4–252
cl.46 (3) (a) .............................. 5–089 cl.2 (3) ...................................... 4–093
cl.46 (3) (b) .............................. 5–089 cl.7 (2) ...................................... 5–015
GC/Works/1 ..................2–036, 2–123, 6–035, (3) ...................................... 2–130
7–033, 7–198, 7–225, cl.33 (1) ......................... 7–204, 8–050
7–226, 8–051, 9–105, (10) .................................. 7–127
9–109, 11–048, 11–209, cl.34 (1) .................................... 7–091
12–083, 12–145, 13–140, cl.35 (3) .................................... 9–058
14–145, 16–061, (b) ............................... 5–015
17–051, 21–225 (e) ..............................11–060
cl.1 (1) ...................................... 8–067 (4) (c) .............................11–061
(d) ............4–246, 4–249, 4–252 cl.36 (2) ......................... 4–028, 4–031
cl.2 (3) ...................................... 4–097 (a) .................... 4–093, 4–114
(5)............................................12–125 (b) ............................... 4–028
cl.3 (3) ...................................... 4–088 (d) ................... 2–130, 4–246,
cl.7 (2) ...................................... 5–015 4–249, 4–252
(3) ........................... 2–130, 4–156 (e) ............................... 4–047
cl.18 .........................................12–054 cl.40 (5) .................................... 9–059
cl.25 (1) ...................................13–137 cl.46 (3) (a) .............................. 5–015
cl.33 (1) ........................ 7–127, 7–182, GC/Works/1/98 ........................ 2–131, 3–024,
7–204, 8–050 4–015, 7–198, 7–225,
cl.34 (1) ....................... 7–091, 11–039 7–226, 8–051, 12–083,
cl.35 (3) .................................... 9–058 16–061, 17–051, 21–225
(b) ..............................14–048 cl.1 (1) ...................................... 8–067
(c) .................... 5–015, 5–028 (d) ..........4–246, 4–249, 4–252
(e) ..............................11–060 cl.2 (3) ...................................... 4–097
(4) (c) ..............................11–061 (5) .....................................12–125
(e) ..............................14–048 cl.3 (3) ...................................... 4–088
cl.36 ............................. 6–081, 11–105 cl.7 (2) ...................................... 5–015
(1) .....................................14–145 (3) ........................... 2–130, 4–157
(2) (a) ..................... 4–097, 4–114 cl.18 .........................................12–054
(b) ..................... 4–028, 6–132 cl.31 .........................................12–054
(c) ................................ 4–244 cl.33 (1) ........................ 7–127, 7–182,
(d) .................... 2–130, 4–246, 7–204, 8–050
4–249, 4–252, 12–028 cl.34 (1) ...................................11–039
(e) ..................... 4–047, 4–156 cl.35 (3) .................................... 9–058
(4) .....................................12–144 (c) .................... 5–015, 5–028
(6) .....................................11–027 cl.36 ............................. 6–081, 11–105
cl.38 .............................. 4–112, 7–226, (2) .................................... 6–026
11–069, 11–074, 11–102 (a) .................... 4–097, 4–114
cl.40 (2) ...................................12–055 (c) ............................... 4–244
(b) ..............................12–125 (b) ............................... 4–029
(5) ......................... 4–306, 9–059 (d) ................... 2–130, 4–157,
cl.42 .......................................... 4–306 4–246, 4–249,
(2) .................................... 4–306 4–252, 12–028
cl.46 .......................................... 4–306 (e) ............................... 4–047
(3) (a) ................... 5–015, 5–089 (g) ............................... 4–038
(b) .............................. 5–089 (4) ............................... 6–088
cl.47 .......................................... 4–306 (6) ...................................11–027
lxxix
cl.38 .............................. 4–112, 7–226, (e) ........................... 4–114, 4–172

11–069, 11–102 (f) ...................................... 4–215
cl.40 (2) ...................................12–055 (g) ........................... 4–196, 4–198
(b) ..............................12–125 (h)...................................... 4–183
(5) ..............2–123, 4–306, 9–059 (i)....................................... 4–236
cl.42 .......................................... 4–306 (k) ...................................... 4–264
(2) ......................... 2–123, 4–306 cl.24 .......................................... 4–318
cl.46 .......................................... 4–306 (b)...................................... 4–236
(3) (a) ................... 5–015, 5–089 cl.25.1 ....................................... 2–035
(b) ............................. 5–089 HK05 ...........................2–029, 2–035, 2–053,
cl.47 .......................................... 4–306 2–153, 3–024, 4–015,
GC/Works/1DB/98 ................... 7–182, 7–198, 4–027, 4–218, 4–278,
7–225, 7–226, 4–305, 5–065, 5–085,
8–051, 16–061 5–086, 6–052, 8–075, 11–039,
cl.1 (1) ...................................... 8–067 11–088, 12–064, 13–056
(d) ..........4–246, 4–249, 4–252 cl.1............................................ 4–246
cl.2...........................................12–124 cl.1.6 .............................. 4–246, 4–319
(3) ........................... 4–021, 4–093 cl.2.4 ..................2–053, 4–081, 4–082,
cl.7 (3) ........................... 2–130, 4–157 4–083, 7–237, 12–088, 12–125
cl.33 (1) ......................... 7–204, 8–050 (1) ...................................12–123
(10) .................................. 7–127 cl.3.1 ......................................... 2–053
cl.35 (3) .................................... 9–058 (1) .................................... 8–051
cl.36 (2) (a) .............................. 4–093 (a) ............................... 7–181
(b) .............................. 4–029 (b) ............................... 7–167
(c) ............................... 4–244 (d) ............................... 7–167
(d) .................. 2–130, 4–157, (4) ......................... 2–053, 7–237
4–249, 4–252 cl.3.2 (1) .................................... 9–050
(e) ............................... 4–047 (3) .................................... 9–050
(g)............................... 4–038 cl.5.1 ..................2–053, 4–081, 7–237,
cl.40 (5) .................................... 9–059 12–088, 12–125
GC/Works/2 .................4–246, 4–247, 11–036 (2) ...................................12–089
cl.9...........................................12–113 cl.5.6 (1) ................................... 4–216
cl.14 (2) .................................... 4–246 cl.5.7 (1) ................................... 4–216
cl.16 (2) .................................... 4–047 (2) ..................... 4–216, 14–047
cl.36 (6) ...................................11–027 cl.6.2 (2) ................................... 4–098
GC/Works/2/98 ........................ 3–044, 4–015, cl.8.2 ......................................... 4–235
4–246, 4–247 cl.13.1 (1) (c) ..........................12–063
cl.4 (2) ...................................... 4–157 cl.13.4 (1) (c) (iii) ....................12–063
cl.23 (b) .................................... 4–047 cl.25 .......................................... 2–029
(d) .................................... 4–038 cl.25.1 ....................................... 2–035
cl.36 (6) ...................................11–027 (1) .................................. 5–020
HK86 ...........................2–035, 2–053, 3–024, (3) ....................... 2–151, 4–318
4–027, 4–079, 4–126, (a) ............................. 4–061
4–217, 4–318, 6–035, (d) ............................. 4–246
6–137, 13–056, 13–140, (h) ............................. 4–114
14–071, 14–145 (i) ......................... 4–114
cl.11 (6) .................................... 4–318 (j) (i) .............. 4–169, 4–172
cl.21 (2) .................................... 4–172 (iii) ....................... 4–172
cl.23 ..................4–206, 6–035, 14–145 (k) ............................. 4–264
(a) ...................................... 4–061 (m) ................. 2–029, 4–198
(b)...................................... 4–124 (n) ............................. 4–195
(c) ...................................... 4–262 (o) ............................. 4–195
(d)...................................... 4–242 (p) ............................. 4–183
lxxx
(q) .................. 4–176, 4–179 4–262, 4–264, 4–275, 5–106,

(r) .............................. 4–184 7–090, 7–224, 11–209,
(t) .............................. 4–179 13–056, 16–061
(u) ............................. 4–052 ICE5 ...................................... 2–094, 21–130
(v) .......4–033, 4–187, 6–132 cl.12 ............................... 4–145, 5–146
(4) (a) ........................ 11–028, 11–029 cl.60 (6) ..................... 21–130, 21–131
(7) .................................11–146 ICE6 ............................2–036, 2–130, 3–024,
cl.25.2 (1) ................................. 5–083 4–021, 4–315, 5–060,
(b) ............................. 5–086 8–051, 11–042,
(c) ............................. 5–086 11–045, 11–076, 21–225
(3) (c).............................. 2–029 cl.1 (5) ...................................... 4–273
(m) ............................ 5–065 cl.5............................... 4–088, 12–123
cl.25.3 ......................................14–142 cl.8 (1) .....................................12–045
(1) ....................... 6–034, 6–050 (2) .....................................12–046
(2) .................................. 6–081 (3) .....................................12–046
(5) .................................. 6–092 cl.12 (6) ...................................12–028
(7) ...................... 6–090, 6–101, cl.13 .......................................... 7–169
12–144, 14–144 (3) ........................... 4–088, 4–254
(8) ...................... 6–081, 6–090, cl.14 ............................... 7–169, 8–067
14–144, 14–155 (1) (a) ..................... 7–181, 8–072
cl.25.4 ....................................... 4–198 (b) ................................ 8–072
cl.25.5 (2) ................................11–041 (2) ...................................... 8–073
cl.26 ........................... 11–029, 11–085 (3) ...................................... 8–074
cl.26.1 ........................ 11–085, 11–087 (4) ........................... 8–073, 9–045
cl.26.2 ......................................11–086 cl.20 (2) .................................... 4–247
cl.26.4 ......................................11–086 cl.26 (3) (b) .............................. 4–097
cl.27.1 (1) ...................... 4–300, 5–154 cl.36 (3) .................................... 4–236
cl.28.1 (1) (a) ................ 5–077, 5–154 cl.40 (1) .................................... 4–172
cl.28.2 (1) .................... 4–307, 13–137 (c) .................... 4–172, 4–254
cl.28.3 ....................................... 4–305 cl.41 (2) ...................................11–039
cl.29.2 (1) (d) ..........................14–039 cl.42 (3) ......................... 4–165, 4–169
cl.29.9 ....................................... 4–194 cl.43 .......................................... 7–091
HKGC99.................................. 4–078, 4–149 cl.44 (1) ......................... 4–017, 5–078
cl.5 (2) ...................................... 4–101 (a) .................... 4–097, 4–114
cl.50 (1) (b) .............................. 4–125 (b) ............................... 4–088
(iii) ......................... 4–101 (c) ........4–088, 4–165, 4–169,
(iv) .............. 4–114, 4–115 4–172, 4–254
(vi) ........................... 4165 (d) ............................... 4–127
(vii) ............ 4–031, 4–183, (e) .................... 4–032, 4–039
4–215, 4–236 (f)..................... 4–039, 4–052
(viii) ............ 4–031, 4–172 (g) ............................... 4–039
(ix) ......................... 4–179 (2) (a) ................... 6–025, 6–051
(x) ............... 4–179, 4–196 (3) ....................... 6–015, 11–105
(xi) ......................... 4–016 (5) ..........6–088, 11–105, 12–144
cl.61 .......................................... 4–318 cl.46 (2) ...................................11–172
cl.63 .......................................... 4–318 (3) ..................... 11–069, 11–102
(a) ...................................... 4–215 cl.50 ............................... 4–233, 4–236
(c) ...................................... 4–236 cl.51 (1) ....................... 4–114, 12–047
cl.63 (a) .................................... 4–215 (4) .................................... 4–088
(e) .................................... 4–031 cl.52 (1) .................................... 4–273
cl.64 .......................................... 4–318 (4) (b) ................... 4–273, 5–077
ICE in general ..............1–022, 2–019, 2–150, (c) .............................. 4–307
4–078, 4–246, 4–248, cl.59 (4) (f) ............................... 4–196
lxxxi
cl.60 (7) (a) .............................. 4–037 (f) ................................... 4–052

cl.71 (3) (a) .............................. 4–254 (2) (a) ................................ 6–025
ICE6DB cl.14.4................................. 9–047 (3) .......................... 2–027, 6–015,
ICE7 ............................1–023, 2–020, 2–027, 6–032, 11–105
2–036, 3–024, 4–021, 4–274, (5) ............6–088, 11–105, 12–144
4–315, 5–003, 5–014, 5–060, cl.46 .........................................11–055
6–001, 8–051, 11–045, 11–076, (1) .....................................11–042
14–062, 14–156, 21–225 (2) .....................................11–172
cl.1 (5) ...................................... 4–273 (3) ....................... 11–069, 11–102
cl.5................................ 4–021, 4–088, cl.50 ............................... 4–233, 4–236
4–290, 12–123 cl.51 (1) ............4–114, 4–290, 12–047
cl.8 (1) .....................................12–045 (a) .................................... 4–290
(2) .....................................12–046 (b) .................................... 4–290
(3) .....................................12–046 (c) .................................... 4–290
cl.12 (1) .................................... 2–130 (4) .................... 2–036, 4–088
(2) .................................... 4–290 cl.52 (3) .................................... 4–273
(4) (a) .............................. 4–290 cl.53 (2) ............4–273, 5–077, 13–137
(b) .............................. 4–290 (3) ....................... 4–307, 13–138
(c) ............................... 4–290 cl.58 (1) .................................... 4–290
(6) ...................................12–028 (2) .................................... 4–290
cl.13 .......................................... 7–169 cl.59 (2) .................................... 4–290
(1) .................................... 4–290 (4) (f) ............................... 4–196
(3) ......................... 4–088, 4–254 cl.71 (3) (a) ................... 4–254, 4–290
cl.14 ............................... 7–169, 8–067 ICE/DC ............................................... 2–049
(1) .................................... 1–056 cl.5 (1) (c) (i) ........................... 4–093
(a) .................... 7–181, 8–072 (ii)........................... 4–088
(b) ............................... 8–072 cl.8 (3) ...................................... 4–232
(2) ......................... 8–073, 9–045 cl.14.1 ....................................... 7–181
(3) .................................... 8–074 cl.20 (2) .................................... 4–247
(4) ....................... 8–073, 11–056 cl.23 (1) .................................... 4–236
cl.17 (2) .................................... 4–290 cl.26 (3) (b) .............................. 4–097
cl.18 .......................................... 4–290 cl.31 (2) .................................... 4–032
cl.20 (2) .................................... 4–247 cl.40 (1) .................................... 4–172
cl.26 (3) (b) ................... 4–097, 4–290 (c) .................... 4–172, 4–254
cl.27 (2) (a) .............................. 4–290 cl.42 (3) .................................... 4–165
cl.32 .......................................... 4–290 cl.44 (1) (a) ........4–093, 4–097, 4–114
cl.36 (4) ......................... 4–236, 4–290 (b) .......4–032, 4–088, 4–165,
cl.40 (1) ......................... 4–172, 4–290 4–172, 4–232
(a) ............................... 4–290 (c) .................... 4–127, 4–254
(b) ............................... 4–290 (d) ................... 4–032, 4–039
(c) .........4–172, 4–254, 4–290 (e) .................... 4–039, 4–052
cl.41 (2) ...................................11–039 (2) (a) .............................. 6–025
cl.42 (3) ......................... 4–165, 4–169 (5) .................................... 6–088
cl.43 ............................. 7–091, 11–056 cl.51 (1) .................................... 4–114
cl.44 .........................................11–056 cl.60 (7) (a) .............................. 4–037
(1) ...............2–027, 4–018, 5–003, ICE/DC01
5–078, 6–032, 13–138 cl.44 (2) (a) .............................. 6–025
(a) ....................... 4–097, 4–114 ICE/MW .....................1–023, 7–198, 11–025
(b) .................................. 4–088 cl.2.3 (a) ................................... 4–114
(c)............2–035, 2–130, 4–088, (c) ................................... 4–172
4–165, 4–169, 4–172, 4–254 cl.3.8 (1) ................................... 4–150
(d) .................................. 4–127 cl.4.3 ......................................... 9–047
(e)........................ 4–032, 6–132 cl.4.4 ......................................... 6–088
lxxxii
(a) ........................ 4–114, 4–172 cl.2.4.3 ...................................... 6–101

(b) ................................... 4–236 cl.2.4.4 ................4–244, 4–246, 6–101
(c) ................................... 4–150 cl.2.4.5 .......................... 4–088, 4–097,
(e) ................................... 4–165 4–114, 4–117, 4–119,
(g) ................................... 4–127 4–172, 4–195
(j) .................................... 4–052 cl.2.4.7 ........................... 4–215, 9–036
(h) ................................... 4–312 cl.2.4.8 ...................................... 4–183
cl.44 (1) (h) .............................. 4–039 cl.2.4.9 ...................................... 4–184
(i)........................... 4–039 cl.2.4.10 .................................... 6–101
(j) ........................... 4–039 cl.2.4.11 .................................... 6–101
ICE/MW2 cl.2.4.12 .................................... 4–165
cl.4.4 ............................ 6–024, 11–027 cl.2.4.13 ......................... 4–179, 6–101
IChemE ........................1–022, 1–023, 2–019, cl.2.4.14 ......................... 4–169, 6–101
4–040, 4–076, 4–106, 4–149, cl.2.4.15 .................................... 4–099
4–182, 6–035, 7–224, cl.2.4.16 ......................... 4–248, 6–101
11–040, 14–145, 16–061 cl.2.4.17 .................................... 4–254
cl.3.2 ........................................12–113 cl.2.6 ........................................21–225
cl.10.7 ....................................... 4–196 cl.2.20.7 .................................... 4–188
cl.12.1.8 .................................... 4–168 cl.2.20.12 .................................. 4–188
cl.13.1 ......................................11–058 cl.3.3.3 ...................................... 4–195
cl.13.3 ....................................... 7–181 cl.3.6 ......... 4–088, 4–097, 4–172, 4–195
cl.13.5 ........................ 11–145, 11–058 cl.3.6.1 .....................................12–048
cl.14.1 ....................................... 6–015 cl.3.6.2 .....................................12–048
(d) .................................. 4–170 cl.3.8 ......................................... 4–119
(e)................................... 4–196 cl.3.15 ....................................... 4–172
cl.14.2 ....................................... 4–075 cl.5.4.3 ........................... 4–021, 4–097
cl.14.5 ....................................... 4–077 cl.6.3.2 ...................................... 4–250
cl.14.6 ....................................... 4–077 cl.26.3 ....................................... 5–016
cl.16 .........................................12–039 IFC98...........................4–221, 4–224, 4–244,
cl.16.1 ......................................12–038 10–076, 12–071
cl.16.6 ....................................... 5–124 cl.1.4 .............................. 4–088, 4–100
cl.16.7 ......................................12–039 cl.2.2 ......................................... 6–101
(a) .................................. 2–125 cl.2.3 ............................. 4–080, 4–143,
cl.17.1 ......................................12–154 4–188, 4–253, 4–263,
cl.17.2 ......................................12–155 5–033, 6–026, 6–050,
cl.18.1 ....................................... 4–312 6–089, 6–101, 11–023, 18–095
cl.19.1 ....................................... 4–272 cl.2.4.1 ........................... 4–061, 6–101
cl.19.3 ....................................... 2–123 cl.2.4.2 ........................... 4–127, 6–101
cl.21.2.1 .................................... 4–170 cl.2.4.3 ...................................... 6–101
cl.21.12 ....................................12–120 cl.2.4.4 ................4–244, 4–246, 6–101
cl.41 .......................................... 4–172 cl.2.4.5 .......................... 4–088, 4–097,
cl.44.1(d) ....................... 4–032, 6–132 4–100, 4–114, 4–117,
IFC84...........................2–019, 4–244, 6–076, 4–119, 4–172, 4–195
10–076, 15–020 cl.2.4.6 ...................................... 4–238
cl.1.4 ......................................... 4–088 cl.2.4.8 ...................................... 4–183
cl.2.2 ......................................... 6–101 cl.2.4.9 ...................................... 4–184
cl.2.3 ............................. 4–080, 4–143, cl.2.4.10 .................................... 6–101
4–188, 4–253, 4–263, cl.2.4.11 .................................... 6–101
5–033, 5–034, 6–026, 6–050, cl.2.4.12 .................................... 4–165
6–076, 6–089, 6–101, cl.2.4.13 ......................... 4–179, 6–101
11–023, 18–095 cl.2.4.14 ......................... 4–169, 6–101
cl.2.4.1 ........................... 4–061, 6–101 cl.2.4.15 .................................... 4–099
cl.2.4.2 ........................... 4–127, 6–101 cl.2.4.16 ......................... 4–248, 6–101
lxxxiii
cl.2.4.17 .................................... 4–254 cl.3.8 ........................................12–050

cl.2.4.18 .................................... 4–038 cl.3.10.1 ...................................12–061
cl.2.6 ........................................21–225 cl.3.10.3 ...................................12–061
cl.2.20.7 .................................... 4–188 cl.3.11.2 ...................................12–050
cl.2.20.12 .................................. 4–188 cl.3.11.4 ...................................14–030
cl.3.3.3 ...................................... 4–195 cl.3.12 ....................................... 4–172
cl.3.6 ............................. 4–088, 4–097, cl.3.23.1 .................................... 4–254
4–100, 4–172, 4–195 cl.4.17 ....................................... 5–153
cl.3.6.1 .....................................12–048 cl.5.1 ........................................12–061
cl.3.6.2 .....................................12–048 cl.5.1.1 .....................................12–049
cl.3.8 ......................................... 4–119 cl.5.1.2 ....................... 12–049, 12–061
cl.3.13.1 ......................... 4–238, 4–239 cl.5.1.2.4 .................... 12–050, 12–061
cl.3.13.2 .................................... 4–238 cl.5.5 ........................................12–050
cl.3.15 ....................................... 4–172 IFWCD/05 .............................. 4–221, 4–244,
cl.5.4.3 ........................... 4–021, 4–097 4–266, 7–196, 13–058, 13–140
cl.13.2 ....................................... 6–013 cl.2.11 ....................................... 4–100
cl.26.3 ....................................... 5–016 cl.2.12.2 .................................... 4–088
IFC05...........................3–024, 4–221, 4–244, cl.2.13 .......................... 4–088, 12–123
4–266, 7–196, 10–076, cl.2.13.1 .................................... 4–088
11–079, 12–071, 13–058, 13–140 cl.2.13.2 .................................... 4–100
cl.2.4 ......................................... 7–091 cl.2.13.4 ...................................12–119
cl.2.11 ....................................... 4–100 cl.2.15 ......................................12–123
cl.2.12.2 .................................... 4–088 cl.2.15.2.1 ................................. 4–118
cl.2.13 .......................... 4–088, 12–123 cl.2.15.2.2 ................................. 4–097
cl.2.13.1 .................................... 4–088 cl.2.19.1 ......................... 6–026, 6–035
cl.2.13.2 .................................... 4–100 cl.2.19.2 ........................ 4–080, 4–143,
cl.2.15 ......................................12–123 4–188, 4–245,
cl.2.15.2.2 ................................. 4–097 4–253, 4–263
cl.2.16.3 .................................... 4–021 cl.2.19.3 .................................... 6–089
cl.2.19.1 ......................... 6–026, 6–035 cl.2.19.4.1 ................................11–023
cl.2.19.2 ........................ 4–080, 4–143, cl.2.19.4.2 ................................. 5–016
4–188, 4–245, 4–253, cl.2.20.1 ....................... 4–114, 12–050
4–263, 18–095 cl.2.20.2 .................................... 4–117
cl.2.19.3 .................................... 6–089 cl.2.20.2.1 ..................... 4–088, 4–100,
cl.2.19.4.1 ................................11–023 4–119, 4–172
cl.2.19.4.2 ...........5–016, 5–034, 6–050 cl.2.20.2.3 ................................. 4–236
cl.2.20.1 ....................... 4–114, 12–050 cl.2.20.3 .................................... 4–169
cl.2.20.2 .................................... 4–117 cl.2.20.4 .................................... 4–099
cl.2.20.2.1 ...........4–088, 4–100, 4–172 cl.2.20.5 .................................... 4–038
cl.2.20.2.3 ................................. 4–236 cl.2.20.6 ......................... 4–183, 4–254
cl.2.20.3 .................................... 4–169 cl.2.20.6.10 ............................... 4–251
cl.2.20.4 .................................... 4–099 cl.2.20.7 ......................... 4–179, 6–101
cl.2.20.5 .................................... 4–038 cl.2.20.8 ......................... 4–127, 6–101
cl.2.20.6 ......................... 4–183, 4–254 cl.2.20.9 ......................... 4–263, 6–101
cl.2.20.6.10 ............................... 4–251 cl.2.20.10 ....................... 4–253, 6–101
cl.2.20.7 .................................... 6–101 cl.2.20.11 ....................... 4–253, 6–101
cl.2.20.8 ......................... 4–127, 6–101 cl.2.20.12 ....................... 4–181, 6–101
cl.2.20.9 ......................... 4–263, 6–101 cl.2.20.13 ............4–061, 4–080, 6–101
cl.2.20.10 ............4–246, 4–253, 6–101 cl.3.8.1 .....................................12–050
cl.2.20.11 ....................... 4–253, 6–101 cl.3.8.2 .....................................12–050
cl.2.20.12 ....................... 4–181, 6–101 cl.3.11.4 ...................................14–030
cl.2.20.13 ............4–061, 4–080, 6–101 cl.3.12 ....................................... 4–172
cl.2.23.1 ...................................21–225 cl.3.23.1 .................................... 4–254
lxxxiv
cl.5.1.1 .....................................12–049 cl.10.4 ....................................... 5–122

cl.5.1.2 .....................................12–049 cl.10.7 ......................................21–186
cl.5.1.2.4 ..................................12–050 cl.10.7.4 ......................... 4–111, 4–322
cl.5.5 ........................................12–050 cl.10.7.5 ...................................21–187
Irish government standard cl.11.4.2 .................................... 8–006
forms, 2007 edition .......................... 1–023 cl.12.3 ....................................... 4–037
cl.4.7 ......................................... 8–067 cl.27.1.1 .................................... 4–305
cl.4.7.10 .................................... 8–068 Sch. Pt 1 s.K.............................4–026,
cl.4.9.1 ...................................... 8–067 4–256, 16–067
Irish government standard forms, 2009 IGBW/09 ................................. 2–032, 2–134,
edition, in general .....1–012, 1–022, 1–023, 4–090, 4–155, 4–167,
2–026, 2–054, 2–055, 4–178, 4–203
2–074, 2–075, 3–025, cl.1.1 ............................ 6–004, 12–033
4–026, 4–036, 4–037, cl.1.3.1 .....................................12–126
4–078, 4–117, 4–137, cl.1.3.4 ......................... 2–122, 12–079
4–138, 4–230, 4–234, cl.1.4 ........................................12–079
4–243, 4–251, 4–256, cl.1.9.1 ...................................... 4–299
4–261, 4–265, 4–322, cl.1.9.4 ...................................... 5–093
5–061, 6–007, 6–035, cl.3.1 (3) ................................... 4–259
7–097, 7–105, 7–165, cl.3.2.3 ...................................... 4–259
7–204, 7–207, 7–208, cl.4............................................ 3–026
7–211, 7–217, 7–230, cl.4.1.2 ...................................... 3–026
8–001, 8–050, 9–039, (3) .................................13–154
9–047, 11–147, 12–012, cl.4.5.4 ...................................... 4–231
12–189, 13–056, 16–064, cl.4.6.2 .....................................12–114
21–265, 21–286, 21–191 cl.4.7.9 .....................................13–154
cl.1.1 ......................................... 7–224 cl.4.7.10 .................................... 4–231
cl.1.3 ......................................... 4–084 cl.4.8 ........................................12–157
cl.1.3.4 ......................... 4–089, 12–075 cl.4.8.1 (2) ...............................11–084
cl.1.9.1 .....................................21–289 cl.4.9.1 ........................... 2–054, 2–055
cl.4.3.2 ....................... 12–012, 12–013 (6) ................... 8–050, 16–065
cl.4.5.3 ...................................... 4–109 cl.4.9.3 ......................... 9–047, 11–041
cl.4.5.4 ......................... 4–110, 12–115 (1) ................................ 9–052
cl.4.6.2 ...................................... 2–114 cl.4.10.2 (1) .............................13–154
cl.4.8 ......................................... 4–111 cl.4.10.2 (6) .............................14–048
cl.4.9 ......................................... 4–166 cl.4.10.2 (4) .............................14–048
cl.4.9.1 .......................... 7–208, 7–209, cl.4.10.2 (8) .............................13–154
8–050, 8–051 cl.4.10.2 (10) ...........................11–062
cl.4.10.2 .................................... 9–056 cl.4.11 .......................... 4–230, 14–048
cl.4.11.1 .................................... 4–220 cl.4.11.1 ......................... 3–026, 4–234
cl.5.3.3 ...................................... 4–309 cl.4.11.2 ......................... 4–230, 4–234
cl.7.1 ......................................... 4–166 cl.4.13.4 ...................................13–154
cl.8.5.4 ...................................... 4–109 cl.4.13.6 ...................................13–155
cl.9.1 ......................................... 4–166 (5) ...............................13–154
cl.9.2.3 ...................................... 4–111 (6) ...............................13–154
cl.9.3 ...................5–088, 6–045, 8–050 cl.9.1.3 .....................................11–039
cl.9.4 .............................. 5–088, 6–045 cl.9.2.1 ...................................... 4–172
cl.9.5 ........................................12–144 cl.9.3.2 ............6–004, 14–114, 16–066
cl.10.1 ......................................21–289 (2) ................... 11–024, 11–030
cl.10.1.2 ......................... 4–269, 4–305 cl.9.4 ......................................... 4–299
cl.10.3.1 ..............5–028, 5–088, 6–045 cl.9.4.2 ...................................... 2–057
cl.10.3.2 .................................... 5–121 cl.9.4.3 .....................................16–071
cl.10.3.4 .................................... 4–308 cl.9.6 ......................................... 7–097
lxxxv
cl.9.7 ......................................... 4–322 cl.10.4 ....................................... 2–123

cl.9.8 ......................................... 6–004 cl.10.7.1 .................................... 4–299
cl.10.1 ....................................... 4–299 cl.10.7.3 .................................... 4–299
cl.10.1.2 ......................... 2–045, 5–164 cl.10.7.4 .................................... 4–299
cl.10.3.2 .................................... 4–299 Sch. Pt 1 s.K.........4–297, 4–299, 6–132
cl.10.3.4 ...................................13–154 IGDB/09 ......................2–054, 2–132, 2–133,
cl.10.4 ....................................... 2–123 4–155, 4–178,
cl.10.7.1 .................................... 4–299 4–203, 7–208
cl.10.7.3 .................................... 4–299 cl.1.9.1 ...................................... 4–299
cl.10.7.4 ...................... 4–299, 16–067, cl.4.6 ......................................... 4–096
16–080, 21–286 cl.4.6.1 ...................................... 4–096
cl.11.4.2 .................................... 7–197 cl.4.6.2 ......................... 4–096, 12–116
Sch. Pt 1 s.A ................ 4–117, 12–012 cl.9.2.1 ...................................... 4–172
s.H ............................................ 7–097 cl.9.4 .............................. 4–096, 4–299
s.K .....................2–057, 2–122, 4–036, cl.10.1 ....................................... 4–299
4–037, 4–090, 4–091, cl.10.3.2 .................................... 4–299
4–178, 4–231, 4–234, cl.10.4 ....................................... 2–123
4–243, 4–251, 4–261, cl.10.7.1 .................................... 4–299
4–295, 4–296, 4–299, cl.10.7.3 .................................... 4–299
6–132, 12–080, 12–116, cl.10.7.4 .................................... 4–299
16–068, 16–069, Sch. Pt 1 s.K.......4–297, 4–299, 6–132
16–070, 21–016 IGMW/09 .....................2–132, 2–134, 4–203,
IGCE/09.................................. 2–134, 4–090, 4–265, 7–209, 7–212, 9–052
4–167, 4–178, 4–2037–212 cl.1.9.1 ...................................... 4–299
cl.1.3.4 .....................................12–079 cl.4.10.2 .................................... 9–056
cl.1.4 ........................................12–079 cl.9.2.1 ...................................... 4–172
cl.1.9.1 ...................................... 4–299 cl.9.4 ......................................... 4–299
cl.4............................................ 3–026 cl.10.1 ....................................... 4–299
cl.4.1.2 ...................................... 3–026 cl.10.3.2 .................................... 4–299
cl.4.9.1 (4) ................................ 7–165 cl.10.4 ....................................... 2–123
cl.4.11.1 .................................... 3–026 cl.10.7.1 .................................... 4–299
cl.9.2.1 ...................................... 4–172 cl.10.7.3 .................................... 4–299
cl.9.4 ......................................... 4–299 cl.10.7.4 .................................... 4–299
cl.10.1 ....................................... 4–299 Sch. Pt 1 s.K................. 2–132, 2–133,
cl.10.3.2 .................................... 4–299 4–298, 4–299, 6–132
cl.10.4 ....................................... 2–123 JCC B 1985 .......................................21–243
cl.10.7.1 .................................... 4–299 cl.10.14.01 ...............................21–243
cl.10.7.3 .................................... 4–299 cl.10.14.02 ...............................21–243
cl.10.7.4 .................................... 4–299 JCT in general ..............1–022, 2–019, 2–020,
Sch. Pt 1 s.K................. 4–295, 4–296, 2–054, 2–055, 2–150, 4–005,
4–299, 6–132 4–027, 4–079, 4–089, 4–095,
IGCEDB/09 .................2–054, 2–132, 2–133, 4–114, 4–221, 4–224, 4–253,
4–155, 4–178, 4–203, 4–262, 4–277, 4–313, 4–331,
7–208, 7–212 4–337, 4–338, 4–339, 4–341,
cl.1.9.1 ...................................... 4–299 4–342, 4–344, 4–366, 5–013,
cl.4.6 ......................................... 4–096 5–017, 5–034, 5–035, 5–077,
cl.4.6.1 ...................................... 4–096 5–105, 5–107, 5–125,6–052,
cl.4.6.2 ...................................... 4–096 6–071, 7–089, 7–090, 7–165,
(4) .................................. 7–165 7–224, 8–050, 9–036, 9–037,
cl.9.2.1 ...................................... 4–172 9–065, 10–018, 11–030,
cl.9.4 .............................. 4–096, 4–299 11–036, 11–039, 11–053,
cl.10.1 ....................................... 4–299 11–079, 12–087,
cl.10.3.2 .................................... 4–299 12–099, 12–145, 12–197,
lxxxvi
13–101, 13–104, 13–148, 4–104, 4–119, 4–174, 4–194,

16–061, 18–131, 20–019, 4–199, 4–203, 4–217, 4–303,
21–019, 21–132, 21–242 4–304, 4–305, 5–035, 5–040,
cl.25.3.1.2 .................... 6–035, 14–145 5–111, 5–112, 6–020, 6–023,
cl.26.6 ....................................... 5–157 6–026, 6–046, 6–047, 6–051,
JCT63 ..........................2–082, 4–174, 4–203, 6–057, 6–058, 6–060, 6–093,
4–217, 4–245, 4–248, 4–302, 7–192, 7–235, 8–001, 8–075,
4–318, 5–025, 5–110, 5–113, 9–013, 10–076, 11–024,
5–139, 6–080, 6–081, 6–131, 11–067, 11–101, 12–018,
7–107, 11–011, 11–023, 12–020, 12–065, 12–147,
11–024, 11–036, 12–090, 12–149, 12–177, 13–140,
18–129, 20–018, 20–019, 14–024, 14–115, 14–144,
21–126, 21–127 15–002, 16–032, 18–022,
cl.1 (2) ...................................... 4–088 18–057, 20–031, 20–069,
cl.4 (1) (c) ................................ 4–097 21–127, 21–168
cl.11 (1) ......................... 4–097, 4–117 cl.1............................................ 2–151
(2) .................................... 4–114 cl.1.3 ............................ 6–092, 12–147
(6) ..........5–151, 21–121, 21–124 cl.2................ 12–058, 12–081, 12–085
cl.18 (2) ......................... 2–154, 2–155 cl.2.2.2.2 ...................... 4–088, 12–094
cl.20 (c) ......................... 2–154, 2–155 cl.2.3 .................4–088, 4–303, 12–123
cl.21 .........................................11–011 cl.2.4.1 ...................................... 4–100
(2) ...................................... 4–172 cl.2.4.6 ...................................... 4–236
cl.23 .............................. 4–211, 4–282, cl.2.5.4.5.1 ................................ 4–088
5–027, 5–044, 16–089 cl.2.9.1 ...................................... 8–051
(a) ...................................... 4–061 cl.2.28.4 ...................................12–149
(d)........................... 4–243, 4–246 cl.2.29.2.1 ................................. 4–264
(e) ...............4–088, 4–097, 4–114, cl.3.3.1.2 ..................................12–151
4–117, 4–172 cl.3.22.1.2 ................................. 4–264
(f) ........................... 4–211, 4–214 cl.5.3.1.2 .............7–181, 8–051, 8–066
(g) ...................................... 4–196 cl.6.1.2 ...................................... 4–097
(h)...................................... 4–183 cl.8.3 ......................................... 4–283
(k) ...................................... 4–264 cl.13 ............................... 4–114, 4–268
cl.24 ..................4–281, 4–300, 21–011 cl.13.2 ........................... 4–088, 4–097,
(1) ............5–151, 21–121, 21–123 4–303, 12–146
(a) ...................... 4–211, 4–214 cl.13.3 ....................................... 4–303
cl.25 .........................................11–011 cl.13.3.1 .................................... 4–119
(1) (b) ...............................11–013 cl.13A ................3–018, 4–112, 4–268,
(4) ...................................... 4–236 6–094, 9–059, 17–051
cl.26 .......................................... 4–300 cl.13A.2.2 .................. 11–069, 11–102
cl.26 (1) .................................... 5–153 cl.20.2 ....................................... 4–255
cl.26 (1) (1) .............................. 5–153 cl.22.2 ....................................... 4–249
cll.26 (2) (1) to 26 (2) (8) ........ 5–153 cl.22.2.3.5 ................................. 4–250
(5) ........ 4–300 cl.23.1 ....................................... 7–091
cl.27 (d) (ii) .............................. 4–193 cl.23.2 .................4–172, 4–283, 4–303
cl.30 .........................................21–126 cl.23.3.1.4 ................................12–147
cl.30 (5) (b) .............................21–126 cl.24 .......................................... 4–300
cl.31A ........... 21–044, 21–046, 21–047 cl.24.1 ......................................21–225
cl.31C ......................................21–048 cl.25 .............................. 4–200, 4–303,
cl.31D (6) (c) ..........................21–054 6–023, 6–053,
cl.33 (1) (c) .............................. 4–211 14–022, 14–178,
cl.34 .......................................... 4–264 15–147, 18–013
JCT80 ..........................1–023, 2–093, 2–108, cl.25.2.1 ......................... 5–084, 6–050
2–115, 2–123, 2–152, 4–009, cl.25.2.1.1 ...........5–033, 5–111, 9–034
lxxxvii
cl.25.2.2 ..........5–111, 18–019, 18–020 JCT98 ..........................1–023, 2–019, 2–035,

cl.25.2.2.2 .......4–303, 18–019, 18–020 2–115, 2–134, 2–152,
cl.25.3.1 ........................ 5–057, 5–111, 2–153, 3–021, 3–022,
6–046, 6–092, 12–144, 4–119, 4–194, 4–199,
12–146 4–221, 4–224, 4–284,
cl.25.3.1.3 ................................. 4–303 4–302, 4–303, 4–304,
cl.25.3.1.4 ........6–081, 6–092, 11–105, 4–305, 5–013, 5–035,
12–146, 12–148 5–040, 5–085, 5–112,
cl.25.3.2 ....................... 6–092, 12–148 5–113, 6–020, 6–026,
cl.25.3.3 .................................... 6–094 6–047, 6–050, 6–051,
cl.25.3.3.1 ...................... 5–111, 6–046 6–093, 7–037, 7–105,
cl.25.3.4.1 .................. 11–023, 15–101 7–192, 7–235, 7–247,
cl.25.3.14 .................................. 6–092 8–075, 10–019, 10–045,
cl.25.4.1 .................................... 4–061 10–048, 10–049, 10–076,
cl.25.4.2 .................................... 4–127 11–024, 11–085, 11–101,
cl.25.4.4 ......................... 4–244, 4–246 12–018, 12–060, 12–071,
cl.25.4.5 ..............4–105, 4–195, 4–204 12–077, 12–147, 12–149,
cl.25.4.5.1 ..........4–088, 4–097, 4–100, 12–177, 13–056, 13–140,
4–104, 4–114, 4–119, 14–031, 14–063, 15–035, 16–063
4–172, 4–303 cl.1............................................ 2–151
cl.25.4.5.2 ................................. 4–303 cl.1.3 ............................ 2–151, 12–147
cl.25.4.6 ........................ 4–104, 4–105, cl.1.11 ......................................13–056
4–204, 4–215, 4–303, cl.2............................. 12–058, 12–085
9–036, 14–049 cl.2.2.2.2 ...................... 4–088, 12–094
cl.25.4.7 .................................... 4–196 cl.2.3 ............................ 4–088, 12–123
cl.25.4.8 ......................... 4–183, 4–303 cl.2.3.4 ...................................... 4–100
cl.25.4.8.2 ................................. 4–184 cl.2.4.1 ...................................... 4–100
cl.25.4.9 .................................... 4–181 cl.2.4.6 ...................................... 4–236
cl.25.4.10 .................................. 6–078 cl.2.5.4.5.1 ................................ 4–088
cl.25.4.11 .................................. 4–179 cl.2.9.1 ...................................... 8–051
cl.25.4.12 ....................... 4–165, 4–303 cl.2.28.4 ...................................12–149
cl.25.4.13 .................................. 4–169 cl.2.29.2.1 ................................. 4–264
cl.25.4.14 .................................. 4–099 cl.3.3.1.2 ..................................12–151
cl.25.4.15 .................................. 4–118 cl.3.22.1.2 ................................. 4–264
cl.25.4.16 .................................. 4–248 cl.4.3 ........................................14–030
cl.25.4.17 .................................. 4–254 cl.5.3.1.2 .............7–181, 8–051, 8–066
cl.25.15.2 .................................. 4–193 cl.5.4.1 ........................... 4–205, 9–036
cl.26 .............................. 4–268, 4–300, cl.5.4.2 ..............3–024, 4–284, 14–050
4–304, 21–002, 21–010 cl.6.1.1 ...................................... 4–098
cl.26.1 .................4–303, 5–151, 5–153 cl.6.1.2 ...................................... 4–097
cl.26.1.1 .................................... 5–153 cl.6.1.5 ...................................... 4–098
cl.26.1.2 .................................... 4–304 cl.13 ............................... 4–114, 4–268
cl.26.2 ...............4–283, 4–304, 21–123 cl.13.1.1 ...................................12–059
cll.26.2.1 to 26.2.8 .................... 5–153 cl.13.1.2 ...................................12–059
cl.26.3 ............................ 4–303, 4–323 cl.13.1.2.1 to 13.1.2.4 ..............12–059
cl.26.5 ....................................... 4–300 cl.13.2 ...............4–088, 4–097, 12–146
cl.26.6 ....................................... 4–268 cl.13.3.1 .................................... 4–119
cl.34.2 ....................................... 4–021 cl.13.4.1.2 alt. A........................ 9–059
cl.35 .......................................... 4–195 cl.13A ........................... 2–123, 3–018,
cl.35.13 ..................................... 4–191 4–112, 4–268,
cl.35.14.1 ....................... 4–191, 4–197 6–094, 17–051
cl.35.15 ..................................... 4–192 cl.13A.2.2 ................. 11–069, 11–073,
cl.35.15.1 .................................. 4–193 11–079, 11–102
cl.36 .......................................... 4–195 cl.20.2 ....................................... 4–255
lxxxviii
cl.22.2.3.5 ................................. 4–250 cl.26.1 ........................... 4–300, 4–303,

cl.23.1 ....................................... 7–091 5–151, 5–153
cl.23.2 ....................................... 4–172 cl.26.1.1 ......................... 4–300, 5–153
cl.23.3.1.4 ................................12–147 cl.26.1.2 ......................... 4–304, 4–321
cl.24 .......................................... 4–300 cl.26.1.3 ...................................19–060
cl.24.1 ......................................21–225 cl.26.2 ....................................... 4–304
cl.25 ......... 2–043, 4–200, 4–303, 14–142 cll.26.2.1 to 26.2.8 .................... 5–153
cl.25.2 ....................................... 5–016 cl.26.2.1.1 ...................... 4–222, 4–284
cl.25.2.1 .................................... 5–084 cl.26.2.1.2 ...................... 4–224, 4–284
cl.25.2.1.1 ...........5–017, 5–033, 9–034 cl.26.2.7 .................................... 4–286
cl.25.2.2 ..................... 18–019, 18–020 cl.26.2.9 .................................... 4–286
cl.25.2.2.2 ..................... 4–303, 5–035, cl.26.2.10 .................................. 4–286
18–019, 18–020 cl.26.3 ............................ 4–303, 4–323
cl.25.3.1 ........................ 5–057, 6–085, cl.26.5 ....................................... 4–300
6–142, 12–144, 12–146 cl.26.6 ....................................... 4–268
cl.25.3.1.2 ...................... 6–020, 6–034 cl.34.2 ....................................... 4–021
cl.25.3.1.3 ................................. 4–303 cl.35 .......................................... 4–195
cl.25.3.1.4 ................... 6–081, 11–105, cl.35.5.1 ...................................14–039
12–146, 12–148 cl.35.13 ..................................... 4–191
cl.25.3.2 ..........6–092, 11–146, 12–148 cl.35.14.1 ....................... 4–191, 4–197
cl.25.3.3 ....................... 6–094, 11–105 cl.35.15 ..................................... 4–192
cl.25.3.3.1 .................... 6–021, 14–144 cl.35.15.1 .................................. 4–193
cl.25.3.4.1 .................. 11–023, 15–101 cl.36 .......................................... 4–195
cl.25.4 ....................................... 2–035 cl.42 .........................................12–065
cl.25.4.1 .................................... 4–061 Annex 2 ...................................13–057
cl.25.4.2 .................................... 4–127 JCT05 ..........................1–023, 2–037, 3–024,
cl.25.4.4 ......................... 4–244, 4–246 3–029, 4–033, 4–119,
cl.25.4.5 .................................... 4–195 4–183, 4–184, 4–203, 4–221,
cl.25.4.5.1 ..................... 4–088, 4–097, 4–225, 4–245, 4–266, 4–301,
4–100, 4–114, 4–119, 4–302, 4–303, 5–013, 5–036,
4–172, 4–303 5–078, 5–088, 5–112, 5–151,
cl.25.4.5.2 ................................. 4–303 5–152, 6–026, 6–048, 6–093,
cl.25.4.6 .................................... 4–303 7–105, 7–180, 7–192, 7–196,
cl.25.4.6.1 .................... 4–222, 14–045 7–203, 7–204, 7–205, 7–206,
cl.25.4.6.2 .........4–224, 9–036, 14–050 7–235, 8–075, 10–076, 11–101,
cl.25.4.7 ......................... 4–196, 4–198 12–146, 12–177, 13–058,
cl.25.4.8 ......................... 4–183, 4–303 13–140, 13–141, 13–143,
cl.25.4.8.2 ................................. 4–184 13–144, 14–144, 18–019
cl.25.4.9 .................................... 4–181 cl.1.1 .................4–033, 5–105, 12–086
cl.25.4.10 ..................... 6–078, 16–048 cl.1.7 ......................................... 5–105
cl.25.4.10.1 ..............................14–067 cl.1.7.2 ....................... 13–058, 13–059
cl.25.4.10.2 ..............................14–067 cl.1.7.4 ...................................... 5–105
cl.25.4.11 .................................. 4–179 cl.2.1 ........................................12–061
cl.25.4.12 ....................... 4–165, 4–303 cl.2.2 .......................... 12–061, 12–065
cl.25.4.13 .................................. 4–169 cl.2.3 ........................................12–061
cl.25.4.14 ...................... 2–036, 2–108, cl.2.3.1 .....................................12–061
4–099, 7–194 cl.2.3.2 .....................................12–061
cl.25.4.15 .................................. 4–118 cl.2.3.3 .....................................12–061
cl.25.4.16 .................................. 4–248 cl.2.4 .......................... 11–010, 18–128
cl.25.4.17 ..................... 4–254, 14–060 cl.2.9 ......................................... 7–179
cl.25.15.2 .................................. 4–193 cl.2.9.1 ...................................... 8–051
cl.26 .............................. 2–043, 4–268, cl.2.9.1.2 ........................ 7–073, 8–050
4–300, 4–304, 15–102, cl.2.9.2 ........................... 5–058, 9–034
21–002, 21–010 cl.2.9.4 .....................................12–061
lxxxix
cl.2.11 ....................................... 4–222 cl.3.23.1 .................................... 4–254

cl.2.12 ............................ 3–024, 4–100 cll.4.1 to 4.26............................ 7–179
cl.2.12.2 ...................................14–050 cl.4.3 ........................................21–010
cl.2.12.3 ...................................14–050 cl.4.14 ....................................... 4–037
cl.2.13.1 ...................................12–086 cl.4.16 ....................................... 4–268
cl.2.14.3 ............4–088, 4–100, 12–086 cl.4.23 .......................... 4–268, 11–006
cl.2.15 .......................... 4–088, 12–123 cl.4.23.2 .................................... 4–321
cl.2.15.4 .................................... 4–100 cl.4.24 ............................ 4–079, 4–287
cl.2.17.1 .................................... 4–118 cl.4.24.6 .................................... 4–224
cl.2.17.2.1 ................................. 7–192 cl.4.26 ....................................... 4–268
cl.2.17.2.2 ................................. 4–097 cl.5.1 ...................2–123, 4–115, 4–268
cl.2.18.3 .................................... 4–098 cl.5.3 ............................ 4–112, 10–077
cl.2.19.2.1 ...................... 4–088, 4–100 cl.5.3.1.2 ................................... 8–051
cl.2.27 ............................ 5–036, 6–021 cl.5.7 ......................................... 7–192
cl.2.27.1 ........................ 5–002, 5–017, cl.6.8 (b) ................................... 4–255
6–022, 9–034 cl.13.2 ....................................... 7–193
cl.2.27.3 ..............5–016, 5–113, 6–050 cl.25.3.1.4 ................................. 6–081
cl.2.28 ....................................... 5–057 cl.25.4.5.1 ................................. 7–193
cl.2.28.1 ........................ 5–112, 6–021, cl.26.1 ....................................... 5–153
6–085, 12–149 cl.26.1.1 .................................... 5–153
cl.2.28.1.2 .................... 6–034, 14–142 cll.26.2.1 to 26.2.8 .................... 5–153
cl.2.28.2 ....................... 4–005, 11–105 cl.26.2.7 .................................... 7–193
cl.2.28.3 ...................................12–149 Sch.1........................................12–065
cl.2.28.3.1 ................................. 4–303 Sch.2..................2–123, 4–112, 4–268,
cl.2.28.3.2 ................................12–144 10–077, 11–074
cl.2.28.4 ..................... 11–146, 12–149 cll.1 to 5 ................................... 7–179
cl.2.28.5 ....................... 6–022, 11–105 cl.2............................. 11–069, 11–102
cl.2.28.5.2 ................................. 6–092 cl.2.1 ........................................11–073
cl.2.28.6.1 .................. 11–023, 11–026 Sch.7......................................... 7–192
cl.2.28.6.3 .........6–022, 6–095, 12–149 cll.A.1 to C.6 ............................ 7–179
cl.2.28.6.4 ..................... 6–022, 6–095, JCTsub/05 ............................... 4–221, 4–241,
12–145, 12–149 7–196, 13–140
cl.2.29.1 .................................... 4–114 cl.2.10 ......................................12–123
cl.2.29.2 .................................... 4–117 cl.2.19.1 .................................... 4–114
cl.2.29.2.1 ...........4–119, 4–172, 4–264 cl.2.19.2 .................................... 4–117
cl.2.29.2.2 ................................. 4–236 cl.2.19.2.1 ...................... 4–172, 4–264
cl.2.29.3 .................................... 4–169 cl.2.19.2.3 ................................. 4–236
cl.2.29.4 .................................... 4–099 cl.2.19.3 .................................... 4–169
cl.2.29.5 .................................... 4–037 cl.2.19.5 .................................... 4–038
cl.2.29.6 ........................ 4–030, 4–183, cl.2.19.6.1 ................................11–026
4–222, 4–224, 4–254 cl.2.19.7 ......................... 4–183, 4–254
cl.2.29.7 .................................... 4–179 cl.2.19.10 .................................. 4–127
cl.2.29.8 .................................... 4–127 cl.2.19.12 .................................. 4–251
cl.2.29.10 .................................. 4–251 cl.2.19.14 .................................. 4–181
cl.2.29.11 .................................. 4–245 cl.3.7 ........................................14–032
cl.2.29.12 .................................. 4–181 cl.3.20.1 .................................... 4–254
cl.2.29.13 ....................... 4–061, 4–079 cl.3.22.1.2 ................................. 4–264
cl.2.32.1 ...................................21–225 cl.3.22.2 .................................... 4–172
cl.2.33 .......................... 7–055, 17–056 JCT09 ...........................1–012, 4–030, 4–033
cl.3.10.3 ...................................12–061 cl.1.1 ......................................... 4–033
cl.3.12 ......................................14–032 cl.4.23 ......................................21–002
cl.3.15 ....................................... 4–172 JCT/CIMAR .......................................22–126
cl.3.22.1.1 ................................. 4–266 r.6.5 ........................... 22–126, 22–159
cl.3.22.1.2 ................................. 4–264 r.7 ............................................22–129
xc
r.8 ............................................22–129 4–169, 4–179, 4–181,

r.9 ............................................22–129 4–183, 4–236, 4–251,
r.9.3 .........................................22–148 4–254, 4–264
MC87............... 1–021, 2–019, 2–043, 3–048, cl.2.19.5 .................................... 4–038
4–199, 4–248, 7–218, 11–036 cl.2.19.8 .................................... 4–254
cl.1.5.1 ...................................... 7–181 cl.3.27 ....................................... 4–264
cl.1.7 ......................................... 3–048 cl.4.1 ......................................... 3–048
cl.2.12.1 ...................................11–024 Sch.1......................................... 3–048
cl.2.13 ....................................... 4–061 Annex B ......................... 7–188, 7–218
cl.2.13.1 .................................... 4–047 Pt 2..........................................13–149
cl.2.13.1.2 ................................. 4–215 cl.1.1 ......................................... 7–218
cl.2.13.2 .............4–021, 4–088, 4–099, cl.1.11 ....................................... 7–218
4–114, 4–117, 4–127, cl.2.27 ....................................... 7–218
4–165, 4–169, 4–179, MF/1 ................ 1–022, 1–023, 2–019, 4–040,
4–181, 4–183, 4–184, 4–077, 4–170, 4–203, 4–305,
4–195, 4–196, 4–236, 6–037, 7–224, 12–128,
4–244, 4–246, 4–264 14–151, 16–061
cl.3.21 ....................................... 3–048 cl.5.7 .............................. 4–162, 4–163
cl.4.1 ......................................... 3–048 cl.6.1 ......................................... 4–182
cl.6.2 ......................................... 4–250 cl.12.1 ......................................12–117
Sch.2......................................... 3–048 cl.14.2 ............................ 7–181, 7–239
Sch.3......................................... 7–188 cl.14.4 ....................................... 9–065
cl.42 .......................................... 7–218 cl.16.1 ......................................12–117
MC98............... 1–021, 2–043, 4–199, 4–221, cl.16.2 ......................................12–117
4–248, 4–264, 7–218 cl.25 .......................................... 4–172
cl.1.5.1 ...................................... 7–181 cl.27.1 ......................................12–032
cl.2.12.1 ...................................11–024 cl.27.2 ......................................12–156
cl.2.13 ....................................... 4–061 cl.27.3 ....................................... 2–123
cl.2.13.1 .................................... 4–047 cl.33.1 ................4–032, 4–049, 4–074,
cl.2.13.1.2 ................................. 4–215 4–163, 4–170, 4–182,
cl.2.13.2 .............4–021, 4–032, 4–038, 6–015, 6–036, 14–150
4–087, 4–088, 4–099, cl.33.3 ......................................11–083
4–100, 4–114, 4–117, cl.44 .......................................... 5–164
4–118, 4–127, 4–165, cl.44.4 ............................ 4–305, 5–164
4–169, 4–179, 4–181, cl.46.1 ....................................... 4–073
4–183, 4–184, 4–195, cl.46.3 ....................................... 4–074
4–196, 4–236, 4–244, MP05 ...........................2–106, 4–103, 4–183,
4–246, 4–248, 4–254, 4–266, 4–291, 7–196,
4–264, 6–132 13–058, 13–140
cl.3.27 ....................................... 4–262 cl.1............................... 4–114, 12–062
Sch.3......................................... 7–188 cl.7.1 ........................................12–062
cl.42 .......................................... 7–218 cl.10.2 .......................... 4–085, 12–118
MC08...........................2–037, 2–043, 4–199, cl.10.3 ......................................12–118
4–221, 7–218, 13–060 cl.10.4 ......................................12–118
cl.1.8 .......................... 13–056, 13–060 cl.11.1 ....................................... 4–085
cl.2.3.2 ...................................... 7–218 c.14.1 ........................................ 4–152
cl.2.3.8 .....................................13–148 c.14.2 ........................................ 4–152
cl.2.13 ....................................... 4–199 cl.15.3 ......................................11–026
cl.2.19.1 .................................... 4–047 cl.18.1 ....................................... 6–016
cl.2.19.1.2 ................................. 4–031 cl.18.1.1 .................................... 4–061
cl.2.19.2 .............4–021, 4–039, 4–061, cl.18.1.3 .................................... 4–181
4–087, 4–088, 4–097, cl.18.1.5 ......................... 4–086, 4–114
4–099, 4–100, 4–114, cl.18.1.6 ......................... 4–183, 4–186
4–117, 4–118, 4–127, cl.18.1.7 .................................... 4–038
xci
cl.18.1.8 .................................... 4–031 cl.18.1.1 .................................... 4–347

cl.18.2 ....................................... 5–017 cl.18.1.2 .................................... 4–347
cl.18.4 ....................................... 4–251 cl.18.1.3 .................................... 4–347
cl.18.5 ....................................... 4–236 cl.18.1.4 .................................... 4–347
cl.18.8 .......................... 4–170, 12–144 cl.18.1.5 .................................... 4–347
cl.21 .......................................... 4–292 cl.18.1.6 .................................... 4–347
cl.22.1 ....................................... 4–236 cl.18.1.7 .................................... 4–347
cl.26 .......................................... 4–293 cl.18.1.8 .................................... 4–347
cl.26.6.4 .................................... 4–086 cl.18.4 ....................................... 4–337
cl.27 .......................................... 4–293 cl.18.7 ............................ 4–346, 4–347
cl.27.1 ............................ 4–292, 4–293 cl.18.7.1 .................................... 4–346
cl.27.2 ............................ 4–086, 4–292 cl.18.7.2 .................................... 4–346
cl.27.8 ....................................... 4–293 cl.18.7.3 .................................... 4–346
MPF 2011 ....................1–007, 1–012, 1–025, cl.18.8 ......................................12–144
2–106, 4–203, 4–291, cl.19 ....................4–340, 4–346, 4–366
4–325 to 4–366, 11–053, cl.20 ............................... 4–340, 4–366
12–062, 13–140 c.20.6.1 ..................................... 4–103
cl.1............................................ 4–342 cl.20.6.4 ......................... 4–086, 4–291
cl.1.1 ........................................12–062 cl.21.1 .................4–086, 4–103, 4–291
cl.2.9 ......................................... 4–341 cl.21.2 ....................................... 4–291
cl.4.2 ......................................... 4–085 cl.21.2.1 .................................... 4–170
cl.4.4 ........................................12–118 cl.22.1 ....................................... 4–345
cl.5.1 ......................................... 4–085 cl.22.3 ....................................... 4–345
cl.8.1 ......................................... 4–152 cl.25 ............................... 4–331, 4–346
cl.8.2 ......................................... 4–152 cll.25. to 25.4 ............................ 4–331
cl.9.3 ........................................11–026 cl.25.1 ....................................... 4–331
cl.10.3 ....................................... 4–345 cl.25.3 ....................................... 4–331
cl.10.4 ....................................... 4–345 cl.25.4 ....................................... 4–332
cl.10.5 ....................................... 4–345 cl.26 ....................4–328, 4–337, 4–346
cl.11.4 ....................................... 4–345 cl.26.2.1 .................................... 4–329
cl.12.1.1 .................................... 4–061 cl.26.2.2 .................................... 4–329
cl.12.1.2 .................................... 4–246 cl.26.6 ....................................... 4–331
cl.12.1.3 .................................... 4–181 cl.26.6.1 .................................... 4–331
cl.12.1.4 .................................... 4–248 cl.26.6.2 .................................... 4–331
cl.12.1.5 ......................... 4–086, 4–114 cl.26.6.3 .................................... 4–331
cl.12.1.6 .................................... 4–186 cl.26.6.4 .................................... 4–331
cl.12.1.8 .................................... 4–170 cl.26.7 ....................................... 4–329
cl.12.2 ....................................... 5–017 cl.26.8 ....................................... 4–330
cl.12.9 ....................................... 4–345 cl.27 ............................... 4–331, 4–334
cl.14.1 ....................................... 4–345 cl.27.1 ....................................... 4–334
cl.14.2 ....................................... 4–345 cl.27.2 ............................ 4–334, 4–337
cll.15 to 18 ............................... 4–340 cl.27.2.1 .................................... 4–334
cl.15.2 ....................................... 4–342 cl.27.2.2 .................................... 4–334
cl.15.3 .................4–342, 4–346, 4–366 cl.27.3 ..... 4–334, 4–335, 4–339, 4–366
cl.15.4 ....................................... 4–343 cl.27.4 ............................ 4–336, 4–338
cl.16.1 ....................................... 4–343 cl.27.5 ............................ 4–337, 4–338
cl.16.2 ....................................... 4–343 cl.27.6 ....................................... 4–338
cl.17 .......................................... 4–344 cl.27.8 ....................................... 4–338
cl.17.1 ....................................... 4–344 cl.33.1 ....................................... 4–345
cl.17.2 ....................................... 4–344 cl.39.2 ......................................12–062
cl.18 .......................................... 4–345 cl.42 .......................................... 4–366
cl.18.1 ....................................... 4–345 cl.43 .......................................... 4–366
cll.18.1.1 to 18.1.8 .................... 4–345 cl.44 .......................................... 4–366
xcii
cl.45 .......................................... 4–366 cl.31.1 ............................ 7–181, 7–199

cl.46 .......................................... 4–366 cl.50.7 ....................................... 7–199
Sch.2......................................... 4–328 cl.51 .......................................... 4–041
para.7 ........................................ 4–328 cl.60.1 (1) ................................. 4–093
para.7.1 ..................................... 4–328 (3)................................. 4–172
para.7.2 ..................................... 4–328 (5)................................. 4–236
para.7.5 ..................................... 4–328 (6)................................. 4–165
Sch.3......................................... 4–325 (8)................................. 4–185
MTC89 ........................4–015, 4–248, 7–088, (11)............................... 4–139
7–198, 11–021, 11–129 (13).................... 4–035, 4–036
cl.1.5 ........................................12–113 cl.61.2 ....................................... 9–060
cl.6.8 ......................................... 4–250 cl.82.1 ....................................... 4–262
MTC08 .................... 4–027, 11–129, 13–060, NSC/4 ................................................. 4–194
13–140, 13–140 cl.1.1.2.2 ................................... 4–190
MWA80 ........................2–019, 4–015, 4–027, cl.11.2.2.1 ................................. 4–197
10–076, 11–021, 21–225 cl.12 .......................................... 4–190
cl.2.2 ...................4–047, 4–117, 4–246 cl.12.2 ....................................... 4–191
cl.3.6 ......................................... 4–246 cl.35.1.5 .................................... 4–190
cl.6.2 ...................2–156, 2–157, 2–158 NZ03................ 4–028, 4–179, 4–272, 4–294,
cl.6.3B .......................... 2–156, 2–157, 6–133, 13–056, 20–010
2–158, 2–159, 4–246 cl.2.2.5 ...............4–022, 4–092, 4–294,
MWA98 ........................3–044, 4–015, 4–027, 12–056, 12–176
4–041, 4–221, 10–076, cl.2.3.2 ...............4–022, 4–092, 4–294,
11–021, 21–225 12–056, 12–176
cl.1.5 ......................................... 5–105 cl.2.3.4 ...............4–022, 4–092, 4–294,
cl.2.2 ...................4–047, 4–117, 4–246 12–056, 12–176
cl.3.6 ......................................... 4–246 cl.2.8.4 ..............4–022, 4–294, 12–056
cl.4.2.2 ...................................... 4–041 cl.2.87 ........................... 4–022, 4–227,
cl.6.3B ...................................... 4–246 4–294, 12–056
MWA05 ........................3–044, 4–015, 4–027, cl.4.2.6 .......................... 4–022, 4–202,
4–041, 7–196, 10–076, 4–294, 12–056
11–021, 13–140 cl.5.5.2 ...............4–022, 4–032, 4–184,
cl.2.7 ...................4–047, 4–117, 4–246 4–294, 12–056
cl.4.6 ......................................... 4–041 cl.5.6.6 .......................... 4–022, 4–262,
cl.5.4 ......................................... 4–246 4–294, 12–056
MWA09 ..............................................21–225 cl.5.8.5 ..............4–022, 4–294, 12–056
NEC in general ............1–022, 4–262, 4–279, cl.5.11.6 .............4–022, 4–092, 4–294,
5–079, 8–019, 8–051, 12–056, 12–176
11–039, 12–083, 12–084, cl.5.13.4 ........................ 4–022, 4–294,
12–197, 13–101, 12–056, 12–176
16–141, 16–060 cl.5.14.2 ............4–022, 4–294, 12–056
cl.11.2 (1) ................................. 6–018 cl.5.16 ................4–022, 4–031, 4–184,
cl.20.1 ......................................12–030 4–227, 4–294,
cl.32.1 ....................................... 6–018 12–056, 12–176
cl.36.1 ......................................11–073 cl.6.2.4 .......................... 4–022, 4–032,
cl.63.3 ....................................... 6–018 4–227, 4–294, 12–056
NEC3 ............ 2–073, 3–014, 13–102, 13–104 cl.6.4.4 ..............4–022, 4–294, 12–056
cl.12.4 ....................................... 4–269 cl.6.4.7 .......................... 4–022, 4–236,
NEC3/PSSC ........................................ 3–014 4–294, 12–056
NEC/SF99....................4–027, 4–041, 4–139, cl.6.6.4 .......................... 4–022, 4–032,
4–161, 4–242, 4–246, 4–294, 12–056
4–262, 11–021, 20–019 cl.6.7.3 ...............4–022, 4–171, 4–294,
cl.15.1 ....................................... 5–079 12–056, 12–176
xciii
cl.6.7.4 .......................... 4–022, 4–294, cl.2.6.5.1 ....................... 4–088, 4–097,

12–056, 12–176 4–107, 4–195, 4–264
cl.9.1 ............................ 4–022, 12–056 cl.2.6.5.2 ................................... 4–236
cl.9.1.1 ...................................... 4–114 cl.2.6.6 ...................................... 4–215
cl.9.1.2 ...................................... 4–115 cl.2.6.7 ...................................... 4–196
cl.9.5.2 ..............4–022, 4–153, 12–057 cl.2.6.10 .................................... 4–183
cl.10.3 ............................ 4–019, 5–071 cl.2.6.11 .................................... 4–184
cl.10.3.1 .................................... 6–040 cl.2.6.12 ......................... 4–179, 4–181
(a) .........4–031, 4–032, 5–071 cl.2.6.14 .................................... 4–165
(b) ............................... 4–125 cl.2.6.15 .................................... 4–169
(f)................................ 4–048 cl.2.6.16 .................................... 4–248
cl.10.3.2 ....................... 4–022, 12–057 cl.2.6.17 .................................... 4–254
(b) .................... 5–019, 5–064 cl.2.6.18 .................................... 4–038
cl.10.7.4 ............4–022, 4–294, 12–056 cl.3.3.2 ...................................... 4–097
cl.12.11.2 ...................... 4–022, 4–294, cl.3.4.2 ...................................... 4–107
12–056, 12–176 cl.3.16.2 .................................... 4–264
PCC92 ..........................2–019, 2–036, 2–037 cl.5.2 ......................................... 4–097
cl.1.10 ....................................... 4–088 cl.5.3 ......................................... 4–097
cl.2.5.4 .....................................11–023 cl.6.3.2.3.5 ................................ 4–250
cl.2.5.5 ........................... 7–200, 9–041 cl.8A ......................................... 4–195
cl.2.6.1 ...................................... 4–061 cl.8B ......................................... 4–195
cl.2.6.2 ...................................... 4–127 PCC06 ............. 2–036, 2–037, 3–029, 4–221,
cl.2.6.4 ........................... 4–244, 4–246 4–266, 7–088, 7–196, 13–058
cl.2.6.5 ...................................... 4–117 cl.2.9 ......................................... 4–100
cl.2.6.5.1 ....................... 4–088, 4–097, cl.2.10 ....................................... 4–088
4–107, 4–195, 4–264 cl.2.10.4 .................................... 4–100
cl.2.6.5.2 ................................... 4–236 cl.2.11.2 .................................... 4–097
cl.2.6.6 ...................................... 4–215 cl.2.19.4 .................................... 9–041
cl.2.6.7 ...................................... 4–196 cl.2.20.1.2 ................................. 6–034
cl.2.6.10 .................................... 4–183 cl.2.20.6.1 ................................11–026
cl.2.6.11 .................................... 4–184 cl.2.21.1 .................................... 4–117
cl.2.6.12 ......................... 4–179, 4–181 cl.2.21.1.2 ..................... 4–088, 4–097,
cl.2.6.14 .................................... 4–165 4–100, 4–172
cl.2.6.15 .................................... 4–169 cl.2.21.1.3 ................................. 4–236
cl.2.6.16 .................................... 4–248 cl.2.21.2 .................................... 4–169
cl.2.6.17 .................................... 4–254 cl.2.21.3 .................................... 4–264
cl.2.6.18 .................................... 4–038 cl.2.21.4 .................................... 4–038
cl.3.3.2 ...................................... 4–097 cl.2.21.5 ......................... 4–183, 4–254
cl.3.4.2 ...................................... 4–107 cl.2.21.6 .................................... 4–179
cl.3.16.2 .................................... 4–264 cl.2.21.7 .................................... 4–127
cl.5.2 ......................................... 4–097 cl.2.21.9 .................................... 4–251
cl.5.3 ......................................... 4–097 cl.2.21.11 .................................. 4–181
cl.6.3.2.3.5 ................................ 4–250 cl.2.21.12 .................................. 4–061
cl.8A ......................................... 4–195 cl.3.6 ......................................... 4–107
cl.8B ......................................... 4–195 cl.3.12 ......................................14–030
PCC98 ..................................... 2–036, 2–037 cl.3.15 ....................................... 4–172
cl.1.10 ....................................... 4–088 cl.3.22.1 .................................... 4–264
cl.2.5.4 .....................................11–023 cl.3.22.2 .................................... 4–264
cl.2.5.5 ........................... 7–200, 9–041 cl.3.23.1 .................................... 4–254
cl.2.6.1 ...................................... 4–061 cl.4.2 ........................................13–146
cl.2.6.2 ...................................... 4–127 PPC2000, 2009 edition............ 1–012, 1–022,
cl.2.6.4 ........................... 4–244, 4–246 2–019, 2–020,
cl.2.6.5 ...................................... 4–117 2–040, 4–078,
xciv
4–203, 10–030, (e)................................... 4–179

13–097, 13–104, 16–061 (f) ................................... 4–262
cl.2.4 ......................................... 4–081 (g) .................................. 4–236
cl.2.6 ........................................12–129 (h) .................................. 4–114
cl.3.1 ......................................... 5–007 (i) ................................... 4–119
cl.3.7 ......................................... 5–007 (j) ................................... 4–165
cl.5.3 ........................................11–078 (k) .................................. 4–172
cl.6............................................ 7–181 (l) ................................... 4–215
cl.6.2 ......................................... 8–076 (m) ................................. 4–183
cl.6.7 ......................................... 9–034 (n) .................................. 4–032
cl.10.12 ....................................14–062 (o) .................................. 4–236
cl.17 ....................2–106, 4–108, 4–113 (p) .................................. 4–150
cl.17.4 ....................................... 4–108 (q) .................................. 4–016
cl.18.2 .......................... 2–106, 11–078 cl.18.4 ....................................... 4–236
cl.18.3 ................4–113, 6–040, 6–041, cl.23 .......................................... 4–315
11–027, 11–030, cl.41.2 ....................................... 4–150
14–156 to 14–158 SGC99 ..................................... 1–023, 6–035
(i) ....................... 4–165, 4–227, cl.14.2 ....................................... 6–035
5–007, 14–047 SIA80 ...........................3–024, 4–016, 4–079,
(ii)................................... 4–264 4–315, 5–119,
(iii)....................... 4–177, 4–313 13–056, 13–140, 14–151
(v) ........................ 4–127, 4–313 cl.1 (4) (c) ................................ 4–172
(vi) ....................... 4–179, 4–313 cl.7 (1) ........................... 4–097, 4–179
(vii) ................................. 4–236 cl.14 .......................................... 4–101
(viii) ..................... 4–246, 4–313 cl.22 (1) .................................... 7–091
(ix) ....................... 4–244, 4–313 cl.23 (1) ....................... 6–036, 14–150
(x) ................................... 4–181 (a) ............................... 4–127
(xi) .................................. 4–165 (c) ............................... 4–262
(xii) ................................. 4–038 (d) ............................... 4–246
(xiii) ................................ 4–248 (e) ............................... 4–244
(xiv) .................... 4–036, 4–172, (f)..................... 4–114, 4–172
5–007, 5–144, 5–146 (g) .................... 4–114, 4–119
(xv) ................................. 4–177 (h) .................... 4–114, 4–119
cl.18.4 .......................... 6–041, 14–157 (i) ................................ 4–165
(i) ................................... 5–013 (j) ................................ 4–227
cl.19.1 ....................................... 4–246 (k) ............................... 4–183
cl.23.4 ....................................... 2–106 (l) ................................ 4–165
cl.23.5 ....................................... 2–106 (n) ............................... 4–117
App.1 ........................... 4–172, 12–031 (o) ............................... 4–032
RIBA 1939 .......................................... 6–080 (p) .................... 4–016, 4–179
cl.10 .........................................12–081 cl.32 (1) (n) .............................. 4–195
RIBA 1952 .........................................12–182 SMM7 .............. 2–092, 6–059, 6–060, 7–123,
SBc/Q2011 7–192, 7–193, 12–076, 12–085,
cl.4.23.1 .................................... 4–339 12–086, 12–087, 12–092 to
SGC95 ............ 4–016, 4–079, 4–272, 14–145 12–096, 12–177, 15–035
cl.3.1 ......................................... 4–081 s.A.5 .......................... 12–100, 12–102
cl.9.4 .............................. 7–199, 8–006 r.1.1 .........................................12–091
cl.10.4 ....................................... 4–236 r.7.1 (a) ...................................12–095
cl.14.1 ....................................... 7–091 r.10 ........................................... 7–192
(d) .................................. 4–064 rr.10.1 to 10.6........................... 4–119
cl.14.2 ......................................14–145 r.10.1 ........................... 7–194, 12–104
(b) .................................. 4–134 r.10.3................................ 7–193, 12–101,
(c)................................... 4–244 12–102, 12–103
xcv
r.10.4 .......................................12–101 cl.2.8 ........................................11–023

r.10.6 .......................................12–101 cl.2.10 ....................................... 4–200
r.13 ..........................................12–095 cl.2.10.1 .................................... 4–061
r.42 ..........................................12–092 cl.2.10.2 ......................... 4–088, 4–127
TC08 .............. 3–036, 3–044, 4–221, 13–140 cl.2.10.4 ..............4–099, 4–244, 4–246
cl.2.5 ......................................... 7–205 cl.2.10.5 ......................... 4–117, 4–195
cl.2.13.1 .................................... 4–088 cl.2.10.5.1 ..................... 4–088, 4–100,
cl.2.13.3 .................................... 4–088 4–114, 4–264
cl.2.14 ....................................... 4–088 cl.2.10.5.2 ................................. 4–087
cl.2.27.6.1 .................. 11–023, 11–027 cl.2.10.5.3 ................................. 4–236
cl.2.28.1 .................................... 4–114 cl.2.10.6 .................................... 4–215
cl.2.28.2 .................................... 4–117 cl.2.10.7.2 ................................. 4–196
cl.2.28.2.1 ...........4–088, 4–172, 4–264 cl.2.10.8.1 ................................. 4–183
cl.2.28.2.2 ................................. 4–236 cl.2.10.8.2 ................................. 4–184
cl.2.28.4 .................................... 4–038 cl.2.10.9 .................................... 4–181
cl.2.28.5 ..............4–170, 4–183, 4–254 cl.2.10.11 .................................. 4–179
cl.2.28.7 .................................... 4–127 cl.2.10.12 .................................. 4–165
cl.2.28.11 .................................. 4–181 cl.2.10.13 .................................. 4–169
cl.3.13 ....................................... 4–172 cl.2.10.15 .................................. 4–248
cl.3.21.2 .................................... 4–264 cl.2.10.16 .................................. 4–118
cl.3.22.1 .................................... 4–254 cl.2.10.17 .................................. 4–254
Pt 3........................................... 7–205 cl.2.10.18 .................................. 4–038
TC/C 2002 .......................................... 4–339 cl.2.13 ....................................... 4–199
VOB/B ........................................................... c.4.21.2.6 .................................. 4–264
cl.2 (6) .....................................25–012 cl.8............................................ 4–196
WC87................ 4–021, 4–199, 4–248, 7–218 WC08 .............................4–199, 4–221, 7–196,
cl.1.3.2.1 ................................... 4–114 7–218, 13–060, 13–140
cl.1.5 ......................................... 4–088 cl.2.9.1 ...................................... 4–088
cl.1.10.2 ......................... 4–021, 4–088 cl.2.9.3 ................4–021, 4–088, 4–100
cl.2.8 ........................................11–023 cl.2.10 ....................................... 4–088
cl.2.10 ....................................... 4–200 cl.2.11 ............................ 4–087, 4–088
cl.2.10.1 .................................... 4–061 cl.2.12.2.1 ................................. 4–118
cl.2.10.2 ......................... 4–088, 4–127 cl.2.12.2.2 ................................. 4–097
cl.2.10.4 ......................... 4–244, 4–246 cl.2.18.6.1 .................. 11–023, 11–026
cl.2.10.5 ......................... 4–117, 4–195 cl.2.19.1 .................................... 4–114
cl.2.10.5.1 ...........4–088, 4–114, 4–264 cl.2.19.2 .................................... 4–117
cl.2.10.5.3 ................................. 4–236 cl.2.19.2.1 ...................... 4–087, 4–088
cl.2.10.6 .................................... 4–215 cl.2.19.2.2 ................................. 4–236
cl.2.10.7.2 ................................. 4–196 cl.2.19.3 .................................... 4–169
cl.2.10.8.1 ................................. 4–183 cl.2.19.4 .................................... 4–099
cl.2.10.8.2 ................................. 4–184 cl.2.19.8 ......................... 4–183, 4–254
cl.2.10.9 .................................... 4–181 cl.2.19.9 .................................... 4–179
cl.2.10.11 .................................. 4–179 cl.2.19.10 .................................. 4–127
cl.2.10.12 .................................. 4–165 cl.2.19.12 .................................. 4–251
cl.2.10.13 ....................... 4–169, 4–199 cl.2.19.14 .................................. 4–181
cl.2.10.14 .................................. 4–099 cl.2.19.16 .................................. 4–061
cl.8............................................ 4–196 cl.4.21.2.6 ................................. 4–264
WC98...........................4–021, 4–199, 4–221, WCD81 ...........................1–022, 1–023, 2–019,
4–248, 7–218 2–130, 4–094
cl.1.3.2.1 ................................... 4–114 cl.2.3.1 ...................................... 4–093
cl.1.5 .............................. 4–087, 4–088 cl.2.4.1 ........................... 4–021, 4–094
cl.1.5A.1 ................................... 4–100 cl.12 ............................... 4–094, 4–114
cl.1.10.2 ......................... 4–021, 4–088 cl.12.2 ....................................... 4–094
xcvi
cl.12.3 ....................................... 4–119 cl.12.2.1 .................12–008, 12–066,

cl.22.2.3.5 ................................. 4–250 12–067
cl.23.2 ....................................... 4–172 cl.12.2.2 ...................................12–066
cl.25.3 ....................................... 6–089 cl.12.3 ....................................... 4–119
cl.25.3.1 .................................... 6–026 cl.22.2.3.5 ................................. 4–250
cl.25.3.4 ...................................11–023 cl.23.2 ....................................... 4–172
cl.25.4.1 .................................... 4–061 cl.25 .........................................14–142
cl.25.4.2 .................................... 4–127 cl.25.3 ....................................... 6–089
cl.25.4.4 ......................... 4–244, 4–246 cl.25.3.1 .................................... 6–026
cl.25.4.5 .................................... 4–117 cl.25.3.3.1 ................................14–144
cl.25.4.5.1 ..................... 4–093, 4–094, cl.25.3.4 ...................................11–023
4–114, 4–119, cl.25.4 ....................................... 2–035
4–172, 4–264 cl.25.4.1 .................................... 4–061
cl.25.4.5.2 ................................. 4–236 cl.25.4.2 .................................... 4–127
cl.25.4.6 .................................... 4–215 cl.25.4.4 ......................... 4–244, 4–246
cl.25.4.7 ......................... 4–175, 4–177 cl.25.4.5 .................................... 4–117
cl.25.4.8 .................................... 4–183 cl.25.4.5.1 ..........4–093, 4–094, 4–114,
cl.25.4.8.2 ................................. 4–184 4–119, 4–172, 4–264
cl.25.4.9 .................................... 4–181 cl.25.4.5.2 ................................. 4–236
cl.25.4.11 ....................... 4–175, 4–179 cl.25.4.6 .................................... 4–215
cl.25.4.12 .................................. 4–165 cl.25.4.7 ......................... 4–175, 4–177
cl.25.4.14 .................................. 4–169 cl.25.4.8 .................................... 4–183
cl.25.4.15 .................................. 4–248 cl.25.4.8.2 ................................. 4–184
cl.26.2.6 .................................... 4–094 cl.25.4.9 .................................... 4–181
cl.34.2 ....................................... 4–264 cl.25.4.11 ....................... 4–175, 4–179
WCD98.............................. 1–023, 2–035, 2–130, cl.25.4.12 .................................. 4–165
4–094, 11–053 cl.25.4.14 .................................. 4–169
cl.2.3.1 ...................................... 4–093 cl.25.4.15 .................................. 4–248
cl.2.4.1 ........................... 4–021, 4–094 cl.25.4.16 .................................. 4–254
cl.2.14.2 ...................................12–119 cl.25.4.17 .................................. 4–038
cl.12 ............................... 4–094, 4–114 cl.26.2.6 .................................... 4–094
cl.12.2 ....................................... 4–094 cl.34.2 ....................................... 4–264
xcvii
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O N LI N E R ES OU R CES
This edition of Delay and Disruption in Construction Contracts is supported by over one
hundred bespoke figures that further illuminate some of the concepts in the book. They
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xcix
LI S T O F F I G U R ES
References are to page number and the figures are to be found on the companion website
Figure 2.1 – Incidence of timely completion Figure 8.9 – Network by cascade

in relation to project complexity........... 14 diagram ............................................ 384
Figure 3.1 – Procurement routes between Figure 8.10 – The relationship between
2004 and 2007 .................................... 73 schedule density and predictability ..... XX
Figure 3.2 – Traditional “build only” Figure 8.11 – Process flow chart for
procurement ....................................... 75 creation, approval and update
Figure 3.3 – Traditional “build only” of schedule ....................................... XX
procurement with project Figure 9.1 – Revision, updating, monitoring
management ....................................... 75 and reporting flow chart .................... 386
Figure 3.4 – “Design and build” Figure 9.2 – The planned
procurement ....................................... 78 schedule .............................. 407 and 428
Figure 3.5 – “Construction management” Figure 9.3 – Schedule updated with
procurement ....................................... 80 retained logic .................................... 407
Figure 3.6 – “Management contracting” Figure 9.4 – Schedule updated with
procurement ....................................... 83 progress override ............................... 407
Figure 3.7 – PFI procurement by a joint Figure 9.5 – Schedule updated with
venture ............................................... 90 corrected logic .................................. 407
Figure 5.1 – Example of a notice of Figure 9.6 – Identifying a delay to progress
delay................................................. XX by payment monitoring ..................... 415
Figure 7.1 – Principal method of time Figure 9.7 – Monitoring a bar chart .......... 419
management employed ...................... 316 Figure 9.8 – CTS monitoring of progress ... 420
Figure 7.2 – Typical schedule design Figure 9.9 – “Jagged line” progress
considerations ................................... 323 monitoring........................................ 421
Figure 7.3 – Unique activity descriptions Figure 9.10 – Schedule updated ................ 421
and activity IDs................................. 325 Figure 9.11 – Histogram of resources
Figure 8.1 – A simple bar chart ................. 367 from count-the-squares method ......... 427
Figure 8.2 – Flow chart of procedures Figure 9.12 – Computerised comparative
for determining jurisdiction under resource histogram ............................ 427
the HGCRA ..................................... 368 Figure 9.13 – Comparative cash flow
Figure 8.3 – Line-of-balance chart for graph ................................................ XX
a large number of elements ................ 369 Figure 11.1 – Excusable delay to
Figure 8.4 – Line-of-balance chart ............ 369 completion ....................................... 489
Figure 8.5 – Time chainage Figure 11.2 – Reimbursable disruption
diagram ............................... 370 and 372 and prolongation ............................... 489
Figure 8.6 – Network by arrow Figure 11.3 – Reimbursable disruption
diagrams ........................................... 373 and acceleration ................................ 489
Figure 8.7 – Listing for the arrow Figure 11.4 – Reimbursable disruption
diagram network ............................... 373 and ineffective acceleration ................ 489
Figure 8.8 – Network by precedence Figure 11.5 – Recovery of constructive
diagram ............................................ 374 acceleration costs .............................. 494
ci
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 11.6 – Relationship between Figure 14.15 – Part of a completed Scott

time, recovery costs and likelihood Schedule........................................... 674
of success.......................................... 494 Figure 14.16 – Identifying a delay to
Figure 11.7 – The planned schedule .......... 497 progress by payment monitoring ........ 675
Figure 11.8 – The re-sequenced Figure 14.17 – A simple bar chart ............. 677
schedule ........................................... 498 Figure 14.18 – Cascade diagram with
Figure 11.9 – Increase in cost and reduced finish-to-start relationships ................ 677
productivity related to increased Figure 14.19 – Cascade diagram with
working hours ................................... 503 start-to-start relationships.................. 677
Figure 13.1 – Percentage of respondents Figure 14.20 – Bar chart as-planned
familiar with the recording of basic versus as-built ................................... 678
labour resource data .......................... 562 Figure 14.21 – Collapsed as-planned
Figure 13.2 – Percentage of respondents versus as-built ................................... 678
familiar with the recording of work- Figure 14.22 – Compensable and excusable
related data ....................................... 562 delays by as-planned versus as-built ......681
Figure 13.3 – Percentage of respondents Figure 14.23 – Compensable and
keeping records of event-related excusable delays by collapsing
data .................................................. 566 technique.......................................... 682
Figure 13.4 – Database relationships ......... 576 Figure 14.24 – Flow chart of the layered
Figure 13.5 – What, when and resource nomenclature of RP/FSA................... 685
table ................................................. 577 Figure 15.1 – As-planned impacted
Figure 13.6 – Simple data-input form ....... 577 analysis ............................................. 709
Figure 14.1 – The contractor’s planned Figure 15.2 – Collapsed as-built analysis ......719
schedule ........................................... 624 Figure 16.1 – Positioning of different
Figure 14.2 – Planned nomination types of float in relation to a single
sequence impacted on date of activity time ...................................... 732
nomination ....................................... 624 Figure 16.2 – Bridge work in float ............. 733
Figure 14.3 – The contracted nomination Figure 16.3 – Resource logic added........... 733
sequence impacted on date of Figure 16.4 – Resource levelling ................ 734
nomination ....................................... 624 Figure 16.5 – Bridge work in float ............. 735
Figure 14.4 – Listing of preparatory work Figure 16.6 – Delayed start to bridge
activities ........................................... 645 work ................................................. 736
Figure 14.5 – The contractor’s planned Figure 16.7 – Unconstrained completion
schedule ........................................... 645 of planned work ................................ 752
Figure 14.6 – Impact of instruction for Figure 16.8 – Use of mandatory completion
variation upon planned schedule ........ 646 constraint on planned work ............... 752
Figure 14.7 – Activity interrupted or Figure 16.9 – Use of non-driving link ........ 753
suspended by event ........................... 646 Figure 16.10 – Use of fixed lag.................. 753
Figure 14.8 – Cumulative effect of Figure 16.11 – Use of time contingency
disrupted progress on completion ...... 647 activity.............................................. 754
Figure 14.9 – Illustration of inferred Figure 16.12 – Use of contract
causation .......................................... 652 duration bar ...................................... 754
Figure 14.10 – Impacted analysis calculating Figure 16.13 – Activity in float .................. 757
the effect of the causative event .......... 652 Figure 16.14 – Float taken up by an
Figure 14.11 – Deciding on a method excusable delay ................................. 757
of analysis from the materials Figure 16.15 – Inexcusable delay to
available ........................................... 662 completion ....................................... 758
Figure 14.12 – A simple cause and effect Figure 16.16 – Excusable and reimbursable
matrix............................................... 671 delay to completion ........................... 758
Figure 14.13 – A cause and effect Figure 16.17 – Activity with float .............. 759
matrix for delay-related costs ............. 671 Figure 16.18 – Inexcusable delay to
Figure 14.14 – A complex multi-party completion with reimbursable
cause and effect matrix ...................... 672 disruption ......................................... 759
cii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 16.19 – Excusable delay to completion Figure 20.4 – Separation of all heads
with reimbursable disruption and of loss ............................................... 866
prolongation ..................................... 759 Figure 21.1 – As-planned distribution
Figure 16.20 – Excusable delay to of costs ............................................. 882
completion with reimbursable Figure 21.2 – The effects of recovery
disruption ......................................... 760 of loss of productivity on resources .......882
Figure 17.1 – Calculation of productivity Figure 21.3 – The effects of recovery of
factors ................................. 766 and 798 loss of productivity on overheads ....... 882
Figure 17.2 – Categorisation of time Figure 21.4 – The effect on resources of
periods ............................................. 767 additional work ................................. 882
Figure 17.3 – Distribution costs of recovery Figure 21.5 – The effect of additional
and acceleration ................................ 776 work on preliminaries ........................ 882
Figure 17.4 – Updated schedule of Figure 21.6 – The effect of additional
remaining work ................................. 788 work on head office overheads ........... 882
Figure 17.5 – Calculation of lost labour Figure 21.7 – The effect of change on
productivity ...................................... 788 recovered loss of productivity............. 882
Figure 17.6 – MCAA industry norms of Figure 21.8 – The effect of change on
the effect of unproductive working .......XX overheads in period of recovery .......... 882
Figure 17.7 – The basic measured mile Figure 21.9 – The effect of increased
approach .......................................... XX resources on change and recovery ...... 882
Figure 17.8 – Suspensions of work caused by Figure 21.10 – The effect of loss of
D’s time and cost risk events.............. 798 productivity on prolongation ............. 882
Figure 17.9 – Identifiable lost productivity Figure 21.11 – The effect of change
during working time .......................... 798 on prolongation caused by lost
Figure 17.10 – Implied effect of lost productivity ...................................... 882
productivity ...................................... 799 Figure 21.12 – The effect of additional
Figure 18.1 – The periods of delay found in work on recovered lost productivity ......882
Peak v McKinney ............................... XX Figure 21.13 – Financing periods of
Figure 18.2 – Calculation of subcontractor’s additional costs ................................. 903
assumed liability ............................... 816 Figure 22.1 – Relationship of costs to the
Figure 19.1 – Comparison of a global claim, likelihood of settlement: traditional
total loss claim and modified total loss litigation procedures .......................... 965
claim ................................................ 836 Figure 22.2 – Relationship of costs to the
Figure 20.1 – The as-built schedule ........... 866 likelihood of settlement with document
Figure 20.2 – Pattern of costs in addition management systems ......................... 965
to tender costs .................................. 866 Figure 22.3 – Relationship of costs to the
Figure 20.3 – Separation of delay-related likelihood of settlement with common
costs ................................................. 866 information....................................... 965
ciii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction and terminology
Introduction 1–001
Terminology 1–019
The contractor 1–021
The developer 1–022
The contract administrator 1–023
The works 1–024
Programme and schedule 1–025
Critical path 1–028
Delay 1–030
Disruption 1–034
Introduction
“Construction changes, delays and claims are a major problem for public work agencies, developers
and facility managers – and for contractors and designers building their projects. Delays and claims
siphon off a significant portion of the available funds for construction, often cost contractors and
designers a significant portion of their anticipated profit, and sometimes create a loss, or even destroy
a contractor and the owner’s lifetime savings.”1
1–001 The construction industry has suffered more than most other sectors within
the United Kingdom in recent years with the industry reportedly experiencing a 24%
decrease in output from 2007 to 2010. Many of these projects suffer delay to comple-
tion, together with associated disruption.
1–002 Delayed completion is not unique, however, to the construction industry. It also
happens in aerospace projects, shipbuilding2, IT, oil and gas, rail transport, petro-chemical
and process plants and civil engineering projects. Nor is delay unique to a particular
culture, or jurisdiction: the same things happen in the United Kingdom as occur in
Russia, the United States, Hong Kong, the Middle East, Pakistan, India, South Africa,
Australia and the forests of Peru. In fact, it happens in all industries, jurisdictions and
1 S S Pinnell, “Survey of scheduling practices and results”. Risk assessment and best practices in
scheduling, an occasional paper given to the PMI College of Scheduling (May 2005), p.2.
2 See the excellent article by E Blackburn and R Toney, “Delay and disruption in superyacht and
other shipbuilding contracts” (2013) 19 JIML I, which quotes extensively from the 4th edn of this book.
1
INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGY
cultures in which a unique product, the character of which is expected to change, is

created over a period of time by a combination of specialised resources.
1–003 When time has not been managed effectively, the consequences can be dev-
astating for all participants. However, it is not just the employer, consultants, contractors
and suppliers who suffer as a result of mismanagement of time: the £150m spent in
prolongation costs on the Scottish Parliament building could have funded a fully
equipped general hospital and, whilst for many private developers, profit and loss on
the bottom line are the primary driving forces, for public authorities, getting value for
money and not frittering it away on the costs of mismanagement are equally important.
High profile projects in the United Kingdom (such as the Shard) do not escape such
problems and there are currently four “disaster” projects in Germany alone.
1–004 At a meeting of the Society of Construction Law in 2000, a group of members
got together to discuss the manner in which delay issues were handled by both the
parties and the courts, with a view to making the resolution of delay-related disputes
more predictable. In October 2002, the Delay and Disruption Protocol was published.
The thesis propounded was that, if the impact of intervening events could be impacted
upon a network schedule which was up to date at the time, their effect could be cal-
culated and measured instead of guessed; further, this would be greatly to the advantage
of everyone concerned with managing time proactively, or dealing with extensions of
time and compensation for delay.
1–005 Notwithstanding the obvious advantages, the industry did not take this mes-
sage to heart; contract-drafting bodies ignored it and the SCL Protocol has been found
to have been more often used as a stick with which to beat the opposition in disputes,
rather than to avoid disputes in the first place. The SCL Protocol is in the process of
being revised and updated and a critique thereof appears at Appendix 3 to this book.
1–006 Since the 1980s, the favoured theory has been that the failure to control time
must be something to do with contractual relationships and that, if projects were less
adversarial, better results would be achieved. In 2003, the OGC published their Con-
structing Excellence industry guidance, the essence of which was that, so long as the
correct procurement route was selected, completion on time would follow3. To the
myriad of standard forms and procurement methods already then available were added
partnering and alliancing, and the New Engineering Contract. However, Constructing
Excellence key performance indicators have shown that, since the adoption by govern-
ment agencies of that procurement process, construction time standards have either
remained stagnant, or declined4. If it was not apparent before, we now know that the
type of contract, or procurement route, has no effect on the incidence of delayed
projects and that is so whether the project is executed under a bespoke contract, PPP,
partnering, NEC, design and build, EPC, traditional build only, or (that wonderfully
reassuring misnomer) “guaranteed maximum price”. All that contracts can do is set a
standard of performance and allocate liability for failure; they cannot produce success
no matter how well they are written.
1–007 On the other hand, it is apparent that, over the years, little or no thought has
been given in any of the standard forms discussed in this fifth edition (including the
OGC-preferred NEC forms) as to what the employer might reasonably require as to
3 See, Office of Government Commerce, Achieving Excellence in Construction, Guide 6, Procurement

and Contract Strategies (2003).
4 Office of Government Commerce, Construction Statistics Annual: 2008 edn, Table 16.2, “Summary
of industry performance from 2004 to 2008 – Construction Industry KPIs”.
2
the management of time, nor how it could be achieved with any certainty. It is gener-
ally the case that, whereas the provisions for cost control may run to several pages of
conditions, the requirements for time control will not be mentioned at all or, if men-
tioned, then the requirements are hopelessly inadequate and unrelated to the provisions
for extension of time, or time-related compensation. Such drafting renders it impossible
for D to have any control at all over the effects of change, or the ultimate contract
period. It is significant that, of all the standard forms considered here, only some 50%
refer to a schedule at all, less than a third of those forms actually require the contractor
to produce a construction schedule for the works and none provide any effective control
of progress records, or the quality of the schedule, or say for what, or how the schedule
and progress records are to be used5.
1–008 The only consistency over the last 100 years or so, between all the attempts
to manage time, is that they have all been based upon getting the contractor to devise
a static programme, usually on paper, at the beginning of the job (in the form of a
target), against which a failure to achieve it can be measured and then reporting against
any divergence, in the hope that, in response to threats and/or financial encouragement,
some recovery, or acceleration could be made. This is at the root of the problems with
time management. Historical reporting of failure to achieve a notional fixed target is
not an effective way to manage time on complex projects. That is so, with, or without
threats, or financial encouragement.
1–009 However, experience also tells us that there are two factors common to all
projects which fail to be completed on time all over the world, in all industries and
jurisdictions, under all forms of contract. These are:
poor project programming; and
poor record keeping;
competence in both of which is essential for effective project control.
1–010 For the last 30 years or so, construction management has been at the corner-
stone of the CIOB’s policies for improvement of the construction industry. Conscious
of several high profile disastrous failures in time management over the years since the
SCL Protocol was published, and with a view to examining the state of the industry in
this field, between December 2007 and January 2008, the CIOB conducted a survey
of the industry’s knowledge and experience of different methods of project control and
time management. The report, based upon data provided on nearly 2,000 projects over
a three-year period6, concluded that, amongst other things, the growth in training,
education and skill levels of the industry in the use of time-management techniques
has not kept pace with the technology available. 95% of the respondents thought that
the standard of education and training in the management of time was unsatisfactory.
In summary, it was found that the state of proficiency in time management was roughly
comparable to the state of proficiency in cost management over 100 years ago: no
standards to work to, no training, or education in the process and no accreditation for
those doing it. Indeed, it was felt that the absence of standards, training and education
5 Only EEC3 and C21/09 make any attempt to tie entitlement to the time-effect of a D’s risk event
on an updated CPM schedule, but both fall short of what is required. Now see, however, the CPC
and the MPF.
6 Chartered Institute of Building, Managing the Risk of Delayed Completion in the 21st Century (2008).
3
in this field might be the reason why the recommendations of the SCL Protocol have
not been taken up more widely7.
1–011 It was against this background that, in September 2008, the CIOB set up a
working group (under the previous author’s direction) of varied professional interests
from as far apart as Australia, America and the United Kingdom to develop a practical
standard to which the industry could work. The result, entitled A Guide to Good Practice
in the Management of Time in Complex Projects, was published in 2010. This work was
very much a team effort, which could not have been produced without the variety of
experience provided by the “Working Group” which wrote it. It is widely referred to
in this fifth edition.
1–012 In Mirant v Ove Arup8, the late HH John Toulmin CMG QC (a service of
thanksgiving for whose life was held at The Temple church on 5 November 2012) paid
glowing tribute to the third edition of this book. The structure of the fourth edition
was a departure, in many ways, from the structure of its three predecessors; the fourth
edition added commentary on 22 additional standard forms of contract from the United
Kingdom, Ireland, the US and New Zealand, including the 2009 amendment of the
JCT forms, the 2007 AIA form, the 2008 edition of PPC 2000 and the 2009 edition
of the Irish government standard forms. In total, there are now 97 standard forms
compared and commented upon, including a detailed commentary on and comparison
between the CPC and the MPF (contributed by the previous author and Nick Lane).
1–013 A number of reported cases have dealt in detail with, amongst other things,
the way in which delay should be analysed in different circumstances with different
materials, what sort of evidence is admissible from non-experts and when, and so on.
Accordingly, there has been much legal development and the fourth edition contained
reference to over 110 new cases from around the world, including over 64 from the
courts of England and Wales, 24 from the US Boards of Contract Appeals and state
and federal courts, 19 from the Australian state courts and seven from across the courts
of Hong Kong, New Zealand, Canada and Scotland. This fifth edition contains refer-
ence to well over 100 new authorities, many of which are presented in the form of
illustrations, in the style originally adopted by the late, great previous editor of Hudson,
Ian Duncan Wallace QC.
1–014 For many of the subjects under discussion, we have necessarily relied much
upon the interpretation of American contracts by the various Boards of Contract
Appeals and the Federal Courts of Claims of the United States. US construction case
law is achieving recognition in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth. It was
given a healthy airing in the first edition of this book when it was published in 1997
and more has been added over the last 15 years; the eleventh edition of Hudson9 (pub-
lished in 1995) referred to several US cases, and the Scottish Court of Session both
referred to and relied upon US case law in the case of John Doyle v Laing10. In his
7 K Pickavance, Managing the Risk of Delayed Completion in the 21st Century: The CIOB Research
(Society of Construction Law, 2009).
8 Mirant Asia-Pacific Construction (Hong Kong) Ltd v Ove Arup International [2007] EWHC 918
(TCC).
9 I Duncan Wallace QC (ed), Hudson’s Building and Engineering Contracts, 11th edn (London:
Sweet & Maxwell, 1995).
10 John Doyle Construction Ltd v Laing Management (Scotland) Ltd [2002] Scot CS 110, [2002]
BLR 393.
4
article in the ABA Journal in 200011, Lord Irvine, (the then Lord High Chancellor of
Great Britain), observed:
“Certain details of substance may have departed from English law, but the commonlaw
method has remained intact, preserving the active and effectual judiciary that is the defining
characteristic of any common law system. This prominence of judicial function in both
England and America has ensured that the common origins of the two systems remain
relevant today.
As two systems with a common origin, English law and American law have learned a
great deal from each other in the past and will continue to do so in the future.”
1–015 Whilst the laws of the various countries whose construction contracts are
discussed are similar, their construction contracts are not and the case law must be
read with that in mind. US government procurement contracts (the subject of the
Boards of Contract Appeals cases cited) generally require the contractor to use a CPM
network to plan the work, to update the CPM network regularly and for it to be
approved by the government agency. For the last 30 years, US government procure-
ment contracts have commonly required entitlement to be demonstrated using time
impact analysis and specifically state that neither the contractor nor the government
has the benefit of float as a contingency. To that extent, they are similar in form to
that recommended by the SCL Protocol. However, by way of contrast, the US domestic
forms (such as that published by the American Institute of Architects, under which
much construction work is carried out in the US) do not contain such stringent condi-
tions and many of the forms of contract currently in use in the United Kingdom do
not even require a schedule, let alone a CPM network. It is for this reason that the
fourth edition continued to offer a comparison between the principal provisions of the
Irish, Australian, New Zealand, American, Hong Kong, Singapore and FIDIC forms
with their UK counterparts. Whilst they are not directly relevant to the interpretation
of contracts in use in the United Kingdom those concerned with the nuances of con-
tract drafting will discover them to be interesting, informative and helpful in under-
standing decisions made in relation to those contracts.
1–016 In both American government and private contracts, when delay is caused by
an event at the risk of the developer as to cost, the contract administrator is required
to make an “equitable adjustment” to the contract sum and, if it is caused by an event
at the developer’s risk as to time, the contract administrator is required to make an
equitable adjustment to the time for completion. To this extent, the requirements as
to cost in the American forms tend to be more along the lines of valuation than com-
pensation for loss and expense suffered (as is more normal with UK forms) but, as to
time, it seems that an equitable adjustment of the time to complete is probably not
substantially different from the “fair and reasonable” extension of time often referred
to in UK building and civil engineering contracts.
1–017 Apart from case law, there has also been much published academic discussion
on the manner in which delay, disruption, concurrency, parallelism, pacing, apportion-
ment, global claims, total loss and modified total loss and time claims should be
handled.
1–018 As a consequence, the previous author rewrote many of the chapters and the trend
continues. This has resulted in three new chapters, new sections and others significantly
11 The Right Honourable Lord Irvine of Lairg, “Common Origins, Common Future” (May 2000)
ABA Journal at p.55.14.
5
expanded. I have also made many alterations to the content and sequence of subject-matter
within the individual chapters. All this would not have been possible without my expert
team of specialist advisory editors, listed in the opening pages, to whom I express my grati-
tude for their assistance and support. Thanks are also due to Andrew Stewart12, for his
assistance with the design of the 4th edition diagrams, which are now generally accessible
on the companion website, save for those diagrams contained in Appendix 1, the Glossary
of Terms and Definitions.
Terminology
“I begin, then, with some remarks about ‘the meaning of a word’. I think many persons now see all,
or part of what I shall say: but not all do, and there is a tendency to forget, or to get it slightly wrong.
In so far as I am merely flogging the converted, I apologise to them.”13
1–019 The work carried out by the AACE (in refining its recommended practice on
Forensic Schedule Analysis14) and the CIOB Guide15 have made significant contributions
to the clarity with which terms are to be used with regard to both the proactive man-
agement of time and the proof of cause and effect of delay and disruption. Despite
these and many other published sources (including the useful introduction to terminol-
ogy provided by Wideman16 and the extensive Wikipedia17), the Glossary of Terms and
Definitions, is still considered necessary.
1–020 Nonetheless, in light of commentary upon 97 standard forms of contract,
some simple form of abbreviation is necessary and we include a Table of Acronyms which
we have thought it appropriate to adopt. Apart from the acronyms, there are a few
terms adopted, for which readers may also find an initial explanation helpful.
The contractor
1–021 The party responsible for carrying out the works is generally referred to as “the
contractor”, or “management contractor”18. Some authors choose to refer to this party
as the “main contractor”, or “prime contractor”, so as to distinguish the contractor from
subcontractors. However, in this book, the party responsible for carrying out the works
will generally be referred to as “the contractor” and be represented by the letter “C”.
The developer
1–022 Throughout the standard forms, the party that agrees to pay for the construc-
tion works may be variously referred to as “the government”19, “the employer”20, “the
12 A senior software developer at Universalsprout.

13 JL Austin, Philosophical Papers 2nd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970).
14 American Association of Cost Engineers International, Forensic Schedule Analysis, Recommended
Practice No 29R-03 (2009).
15 Chartered Institute of Building, Guide to Good Practice in the Management of Time in Complex
Projects (Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2010).
16 RM Wideman, Comparative Glossary of Project Management Terms (2002).
17 http://www.wikipedia.org/ (accessed 29 July 2010).
18 MC87 and MC98.
19 Contracts construed by the US Boards of Contract Appeals.
20 The majority of the JCT forms, ACA, NEC and ICE forms, the 1998 edn of the GC/works and
the FIDIC and Irish government suite of contracts.
6
owner”21, “the client”22, “the authority”23, “the purchaser”24, or “the principal”25. The
party agreeing to pay for the contract works is not always the party intending to use
the works and it may not even be the freeholder of the land upon which the works are
to be carried out. It may not provide the finance from its own resources and may not
even be a single body26. Joint ventures (in which the financiers can be both the con-
tractor and designer), can blur the distinctions even further. The one thing that they
all have in common is the desire to carry out some form of operational development
of land. The term “operational development” is one familiar to those who carry out
development for which permission is required under the Town and Country Planning
Acts in England and Wales. This party (the party required to pay for the works) will
be referred to as “the developer” and will be identified by the letter “D”27.
The contract administrator

1–023 The term given to the person responsible under the contract for determining
and certifying what delay may be excused, or what loss, or expense, suffered is to be
compensated, varies extensively. Depending upon the form of contract, the person may
be referred to by such terms as “employer’s agent”28, “employer’s representative”29,
“contract administrator”30, “contract manager”31, “project manager”32, “supervising
officer”33,“superintendent”34, “superintending officer”35, or be specified as a particular
professional, such as an architect36, or engineer37. It is often the case that, in contracts
undertaken by local authorities, government departments and statutory bodies, the
contract administrator is one of D’s employees38. Other authors have overcome this by
listing the alternative description given in the particular contract forms. In this book,
however, this person is called the “contract administrator”, under the acronym “CA”.
21 AIA forms.
22 PPC2000.
23 The pre-1998 versions of the UK government contracts.
24 CE06, IChemE, and MF/1.
25 AS2124, AS4000 and C21/03 and C21/09.
26 For example, in Alfred McAlpine Construction Ltd v Panatown Ltd (1998) 88 BLR 67 (CA), in
order to avoid VAT on the construction cost, a company called Panatown Ltd had been nominated as
the “employer” under the WCD81, who were neither the owners of the site nor the landlords of the
offices and car park, the subject of the development.
27 It is no accident that the letters, which I have chosen as “C” and “D” to represent the “contrac-
tor” and “developer”, are also commonly used in litigation and arbitration to identify the “claimant”,
and “defendant”.
28 WCD81, WCD98, DB05 and FIDIC/DB95.
29 Irish government suite of contracts.
30 The JCT minor works and intermediate forms.
31 IChemE.
32 GC/Works forms.
33 JCT80, JCT98 and JCT05, Local Authorities edition.
34 Australian standard forms.
35 SGC99.
36 JCT80, JCT98, JCT05, ACA82, ACA98 and, in the alternative, in the JCT minor works and
intermediate forms.
37 ICE7, ICE/MW, MF/1 and the FIDIC suite of contracts.
38 Balfour Beatty Civil Engineering Ltd v Docklands Light Railway Ltd (1996) 78 BLR 42. See also
the 2007 edn of the Irish government standard forms of contract. In these forms, the architect, engineer,
or quantity surveyor is not required to act independently but is specified to be D’s representative and,
for some purposes, with restricted powers.
7
The works
1–024 The subject-matter of all the standard forms of construction contract is
referred to as “the works”. This is one of the few consistencies between the contract
forms. The works are the subject of the construction contract, the completion of which
is the responsibility of C and which results in the building, or engineering, project,
or the execution of that part of the construction project. The contract agreement may
be for the construction only, or for the assembly of a building, or part of a building,
or it may be a civil engineering project in, over, or under ground, which is designed
by others, or it could also entail an element of design on C’s part. The contract agree-
ment may require C to manage the execution of work by others, or to design and
construct it, in “turnkey” projects, to equip it and, in PFI contracts, to finance and man-
age the end product as well. In all cases, the construction work on site is referred to
herein as “the works”.
Programme and schedule

1–025 In US contracts and those based upon US contracts, the timing of the works
is set out on what is referred to as a “schedule” and, in US government contracts, it
is always required to be a critical path network. The Project Management Institute,
AACE and the PMI College of Scheduling all refer to the manifestation of the timing
of the works as a “schedule”. By contrast, if anything has been required to record the
proposed timing of the works in UK contracts and those based upon the UK model,
it has generally been referred to as a “programme”: none of those forms (other than
C21/0939, the CPC and the MPF) currently explicitly require a critical path network
and the forms usually assume a paper copy of a chart, which is usually not expected
to be revised, or updated40. Both the SCL Protocol and the CIOB Guide acknowledge
that, unless updated regularly, the actual timing of the works will vary from the planned,
with the result that the works then become out of control. Further, the CIOB Guide
observes that, on complex projects, it is impossible to lay out the timing of the works
at initiation and render the proposed timing meaningful, unless it is constantly reviewed
and revised against better information, as the project proceeds, a process not envisaged
by any of the UK, or Commonwealth-based standard forms.
1–026 The CIOB Guide adopts the term “schedule” to describe the tool for manag-
ing time and advises in its Core Principles41:
“The word ‘programme’, often used in the past to describe a printed paper copy of a listed
process, and dates on which the proposed activities might be carried out, is not used in
connection with the management of time in complex projects.
The word ‘schedule’ is used to describe the computerised calculated activity dates and
logic, the process is to be referred to as scheduling and the occupation that of the scheduler.
It is a process manifest in an editable computer file.”
39 This uses the term “program” to describe a CPM network.

40 C21/09 requires the programme to be a CPM network, properly updated and impacted by events,
and also provides the power for the CA to require it to be produced electronically. Unfortunately, there
appears to be no obvious redress if, contrary to those requirements, a competent CPM programme is
not so provided.
41 Chartered Institute of Building, Guide to Good Practice in the Management of Time in Complex
Projects (Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, 2010), at Core Principles 4 and 5.
8
1–027 Nevertheless, unless the context requires otherwise, in preference to “schedule”,

the word “programme” has been used herein to refer to the manifest proposed timing
of the works.
Critical path
1–028 The “critical path” always relates to the completion of a sequence of work.
Whilst in simple projects comprising few activities, engineering logic and hence a pos-
sible critical path may be inferred, resource logic can never be inferred reliably, simply
because there are so many possibilities. In complex projects, it is unlikely that a critical
path can be identified inductively, that is, by assertion; it can then only reliably be
deduced from the mathematical sum of the durations of the activities indicated upon
C’s programme to be completed in sequence before the completion date can be achieved.
There have been many varied attempts to define the “critical path”. For example, the
British Standards Institute describes it as:
“the sequence of activities through a project network from start to finish, the sum of whose
durations determines the overall project duration”.
Some prefer to think of the critical path as that with zero float; however, that will be
true only if the network is unconstrained, but the longest path from commencement to
project completion will always be critical to completion, irrespective of the constraints
in the schedule. Irrespective of the algorithm used, the practice of calculating a critical
path from a construction project is widely termed the “critical path method” and, in
this book and elsewhere, is abbreviated as “CPM”. As with many other terms to consider
in relation to delay and disruption, the critical path cannot have an existence indepen-
dent of the programme to which it is related. Because every critical path is an unbroken
linked sequence of activities to the completion date to which it is referable, any delay
to progress on any activity within the path will inevitably cause delay to the completion
of that path, unless the path is subsequently changed before completion is achieved.
1–029 In City Inn v Shepherd42, whilst accepting that “The critical path of a construc-
tion contract is a sequence of activities through the project from start to finish, the
sum of whose durations determines the overall duration of the project”, Lord Drum-
mond Young then produced a somewhat unusual and, perhaps, unhelpful interpretation
of that definition by equating any work that was required to achieve practical completion
as being on the critical path to completion43. On the other hand, in quoting extensively
from the third edition of this book, in Mirant v Ove Arup44, the late HH Judge Toulmin
CMG QC observed:
“The term ‘critical path’ was used frequently in the course of the hearings by programming
experts and non-experts alike. I was concerned to have a precise definition of what it and associ-
ated terms meant and after the hearing the parties provided me with an agreed reading list45.
42 City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd [2007] Scot CS CSOH 190, [2008] BLR 269, (2008)
24 Const LJ 590.
43 City Inn Ltd (2008) 24 Const LJ 590 at [33], [95] and [98]. In the Inner House, Lord Calloway
thought that it was not possible to determine criticality without a critical path analysis of some sort,
see City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd [2010] CSIH 68 at [109].
44 Mirant Asia-Pacific Construction (Hong Kong) Ltd v Ove Arup & Partners International Ltd [2007]
EWHC 918 (TCC).
45 Mirant Asia-Pacific Construction (Hong Kong) Ltd [2007] EWHC 918 (TCC) at [104].
9
The Critical Path Method requires detailed and sophisticated analysis and in complex
projects it is unlikely that a critical path can be identified inductively, ie by assertion. ‘It
can only reliably be deduced from the mathematical sum of the durations on [C’s schedule]
to be completed in sequence before the completion date can be achieved’46. This is an
important cautionary word in this case where a number of witnesses were convinced, without
the benefit of any such analysis, that they knew where the critical path lay47.
It is important to have in mind that there may be more than one critical path. The Society
of Construction Law Delay and Disruption Protocol (page 54) confirms: ‘There may be
more than one critical path depending on workflow logic of delay to the progress of any
activity in the critical path which, without acceleration or re-sequencing, may cause the
overall Project to be extended’48.
I accept, that the critical path analysis is a tool or technique to assist in the management
of construction projects and not an end in itself. Indeed [C] makes the same point in its
final submissions49.
It is also used as a tool for analysing, as at the given date, what has caused any delay
that has occurred and what is the extent of that delay”50.
Delay
1–030 To paraphrase HH Judge Hicks QC51, “delay” tends to be bandied about as
if it were a term of art with a precise technical meaning, but there is nothing to dem-
onstrate that this is the case. First, of course, the word can be used as a verb meaning
to make something happen at a time later than planned, or expected, as in “the delivery
was delayed by a week”, or to cause someone, or something to be slow, or late, as in
“the work will be delayed by the subcontractor”, or it can be used to mean that there
was a failure to act immediately, as in “if you delay now, the work will not finish on
time”. Secondly, the word can be used as a noun, as in “there will be a delay to the
completion of the contract”, or “there has been a delay in the roofing”. It can also be
used as an adjective, as in “most delayed contracts are the result of the absence of
competent management of change”, or “the works are in delay”.
1–031 By way of example (and notwithstanding that nearly every reader will say in
relation to one or more, of these examples: “oh, that is not delay!”), it is the common
experience of those in the construction and engineering industries that the word “delay”
is from time to time used to mean at least 23 different things:
1. an impact upon:
a. the date upon which C plans to complete where that is earlier, or later
than the contract completion date;
b. the date C agreed to complete; and
c. the contract completion date, as extended;
2. a critical shift in timing of:
a. the start, or finish, of a discrete activity; and
b. the start, or finish, of a resource;
46 A quotation taken from the 3rd edn of this book.

47 See 3rd edn at [107]
48 See 3rd edn at [108].
51 Ascon Contracting Ltd v Alfred McAlpine Construction Isle of Man Ltd (1999) 66 Con LR 119, at
p.136 concerning the meaning of acceleration.
10
3. a non-critical shift in timing of:

a. the start, or finish, of a discrete activity; and
b. the start, or finish, of a resource;
4. an increase in the duration of:
a. a discrete critical activity, or series of critical activities; and
b. a discrete non-critical activity, or series of non-critical activities;
5. the addition of:
a. quantities;
b. resources; and
c. activities;
6. the duration of:
a. additional work;
b. additional work as executed on site;
c. additional work off site; and
d. a suspension of work;
7. the occurrence of:
a. an event at the risk of D under the contract; and
b. an event at the risk of C under the contract;
8. the cause of:
a. a shift in timing of a discrete activity;
b. an increase in duration;
c. an increase in resources;
d. an increase in quantities; or
9. the absorption of more resources for a given activity, or series of activities,
than was intended.
Many disputes emanate from this imprecision, which extends to the standard forms of
contract and to the judgments of many tribunals. Many standard forms of contract fail
to define “delay”, so that, whatever it is for which an extension of time, or compensa-
tion, may be awarded, must be inferred from the phraseology employed.
1–032 It is therefore apparent that “delay” has no intrinsic quality. That is to say, it
does not have an existence in its own right; it is a comparative term and, in order to
gauge what is meant by it, it must be related to something else. For a given work content,
“delay” is really no more than the difference between an intention and reality as to the
timing of the work where the reality is in derogation from the intent. In construction
and civil engineering contracts, the intention is generally manifested either in a comple-
tion date that is contractually binding, or in C’s planned programme for the work.
1–033 In order to minimise the difficulties of interpretation, in this book, the word
“delay” will not be used to mean a causal event, nor will it be used as a noun in isola-
tion, except where, in the sense in which it is used, it refers to all types of delay. For
precision, it will be expressed as:
“Delay to completion of the works by the completion date”:
An adverse effect upon completion by the date by which C is contractually obliged

to complete the works, or any contractually defined section of the works, whether as
a result of the agreement, or as a result of extensions of time granted.
11
“Delay to completion of the works by the date for completion”:
An adverse effect on completion the date by which, from time to time, C intends to
complete the works, or any contractually defined section of the works.
“Delay to progress of the works”:
An adverse effect on the date by which, from time to time, C intends to start and/or
to finish any identifiable activity, sequence, or resource.
Disruption
1–034 Dictionaries will provide the meaning of “disruption” as a prevention, or
hindrance, to something intended, expected, or proceeding, an interruption in continu-
ity, dislocation, discontinuity, or disorder. As with the word delay, disruption is also a
comparative term and has no intrinsic meaning. In order to give it effect, it must
therefore be related to something else. In construction and engineering contracts, for
a given work content, disruption is the difference between an intention and reality as
to productivity, or achievement, where the reality is in derogation from the intent.
Disruption is not delay. Although disruption may cause delay and it may be caused by
delay, delay is not a precondition of disruption and, indeed, disruption may be caused
when the progress of the works previously delayed is recovered, or accelerated. Disrup-
tion is the term used to signify the condition precedent to a reduction in productivity,
which results in an increase of cost for a given quantity of work.
Illustration
Facts: Dynalectric (D) sent notices as the work proceeded and sought to negotiate a resolu-
tion to its equitable adjustment claim on a performing arts centre in Kentucky. Whittenberg
(W) never rejected any of the notices and even attempted to negotiate a settlement to the
claim, although it offered to pay less than the $682,480 sought by D. D refused that offer
and submitted the equitable adjustment claim for $682,480 to court. D argued that it was
entitled to recover additional costs, which it incurred because of the cardinal change it had
suffered as subcontractor and argued that a cardinal change had occurred when the project
work areas became seriously congested with numerous sub-contractors and W failed ade-
quately to manage the conflicting schedules and ensuing delay and disruption. Held: that a
cardinal change only occurs if an alteration in the work effectively requires the subcontractor
to perform duties materially different from those foreseeable in the subcontract. The exis-
tence of a cardinal change would mean that the prime contractor breached the subcontract.
The fact that the site became crowded with contractors was insufficient to prove a cardinal
change. The court rejected the cardinal change claim, because the electrical installation
was still in essence the same work as that which had been originally bargained for when the
subcontract was awarded. The court therefore granted summary judgment in favour of the
prime contractor: Dynalectric Co v Whittenberg Construction Co.52
52 US Dist LEXIS 110136 (WD Ky 2010).
12

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DE L AY A ND DIS RU PTION IN

CON S TR UCTION CO NTRACTS

Adjudication in Construction Law Remedies in Construction Law

with editorial assistance from Annabella Matute Castro

and by Informa Law from Routledge

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2016 Andrew Burr

First edition published by LLP Professional Publishing 1997

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN: 978-1-138-94066-6 (hbk)

Preface to the fifth edition xx

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGY 1

CHAPTER 2 THE RISK OF DEVELOPMENT 13

CHAPTER 3 PROJECT PROCUREMENT 71

CHAPTER 4 STANDARD FORM PROVISIONS FOR TIME

CHAPTER 5 NOTICES, CLAIMS AND EARLY WARNINGS 196

CHAPTER 6 EXTENSIONS OF TIME AND TIME AT LARGE 238

Where there is no contract 285

CHAPTER 7 PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING 290

CHAPTER 8 PRESENTATION AND APPROVAL

Arrow diagram 372

CHAPTER 9 REVISING, UPDATING, MONITORING

CHAPTER 10 PROJECT CONTROL 429

Calculating time-related compensation 454

CHAPTER 11 MITIGATION, RECOVERY AND ACCELERATION 457

CHAPTER 12 VARIATION AND CHANGE 509

CHAPTER 13 CONSTRUCTION RECORDS 557

Levels of BIM maturity 576

CHAPTER 14 CAUSE AND EFFECT 623

Other occurrences 641

CHAPTER 15 FORENSIC PROGRAMME ANALYSIS 687

CHAPTER 16 FLOAT AND TIME CONTINGENCIES 730

Interfering float 734

CHAPTER 17 DISRUPTION TO PROGRESS AND LOST

Actual impacted versus actual unimpacted 794

CHAPTER 18 CONCURRENCY, PARALLELISM AND PACING 803

CHAPTER 19 TOTAL TIME, TOTAL LOSS AND GLOBAL CLAIMS 833

Total loss claim 838

CHAPTER 20 APPORTIONMENT 855

CHAPTER 21 DAMAGES 874

4. It is impossible, or unreasonably burdensome, to

CHAPTER 22 SETTLEMENTS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION 961

CHAPTER 23 ADJUDICATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 1023

CHAPTER 24 DISPUTE BOARDS 1043

CHAPTER 25 MANDATORY LAWS IN INTERNATIONAL

APPENDIX 1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 1073

APPENDIX 2 TYPES OF DOCUMENT 1097

APPENDIX 3 THE SOCIETY OF CONSTRUCTION LAW

APPENDIX 4 SELECTING THE APPROPRIATE DELAY

1 [2012] EWHC 1773 (TCC).

Of similar (but perhaps marginally less well-publicised) intensity and scholarship is

Contract Website Publisher

ECC3 – April 2013 update http://www.netcontract.com/ Institute of Civil

4 [2013] EWHC 4030 (TCC).

Atkin Chambers, 1 Atkin Building, Gray’s Inn, London, WC1R 5AT,

6 (2015) 31 Const LJ 167

Wolfgang Breyer is the founder of Breyer Rechtsanwälte in Stuttgart, Germany. He

David-John Gibbs holds a master’s degree in civil engineering and is undertaking an

Rob Palles-Clark is a director of Blackrock Project Management in London and has

Keith Pickavance is a chartered architect with over 40 years’ experience in construction

A201/07 AIA Standard Form of Building Contract, 2007.

ICE Institute of Civil Engineers.