1. What is inflammation?

- Inflammation is the process through which your body's white blood cells and the substances
they produce defend you from infection by outside intruders like bacteria and viruses.
Inflammation can be detected when a wound expands, gets red, and aches. In general,
inflammation is the body's immune system's reaction to an irritant. The irritation might be a
virus, but it could also be a foreign item in your finger, such as a splinter.
2.

ACUTE INFLAMMATION CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

ONSET Rapid Slow
CAUSES exposure to a substance, such as Sensitivity
a bee sting or dust Exposure
an injury Autoimmune disorders
an infection Autoinflammatory diseases
Persistent acute inflammation
DURATION minutes to hours to days prolonged periods of several months
to years
SIGN AND Pain may have links to various diseases,
SYMPTOMS Redness such as:
Swelling diabetes
Heat cardiovascular disease (CVD)
arthritis and other joint
diseases
allergies
chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)
psoriasis
rheumatoid arthritis
EFFECTS AND local edema can trigger your immune system to
CONSEQUENCE redness attack healthy tissue and organs in
S tenderness and pain your body
increased temperature Increase your risk for diseases like
restricted function diabetes, heart disease, cancer and
rheumatoid arthritis.
EXAMPLES common cold, the flu, bronchitis, associated with heart disease,
headache, hives, or joint pain. diabetes, cancer, arthritis, and bowel
diseases

3.
 - Acute inflammation is divided into two stages: (1) the vascular phase, followed by (2) the
cellular phase.

The Vascular Phase

During the vascular phase, tiny blood vessels near the injury expand (vasodilate), increasing
blood flow to the region. Endothelial cells expand first, then contract to increase the space
between them, increasing the permeability of the vascular barrier. Chemical mediators
control this process (see Appendix).Fluid exudation results in a net loss of fluid from the
vascular space into the interstitial space, causing oedema (tumour).
Increased tissue fluid generation serves as a conduit through which inflammatory proteins
(such as complement and immunoglobulins) can move. It may also aid in the removal of
infections and cell debris in the region via lymphatic drainage.

The Cellular Phase

The neutrophil is the most common cell in acute inflammation. The presence of
chemotaxins, the mediators released into the blood soon after the insult, attracts them to
the site of harm.

In chronic inflammation, macrophages and lymphocytes can combine to form a granuloma  means by
which the immune system can ‘wall off’ an agent particularly resistant to destruction Macrophages are
the major phagocytic cell in chronic inflammation, acting to engulf and destroy foreign material and/or
pathogens. lymphocytes work in conjunction with APCs to process antigens, thereby coordinating a
suitable inflammatory response. There are two main types, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

4. Yes, for example in chronic inflammation, Diet and lifestyle changes can help prevent chronic
inflammation. You can't see it or feel it, but inflammation may slowly be damaging your body.