KRISTINE JOYCE VILORIA 2023 JUNE 03

AUTOIMMUNE
DISEASES
AUTOANTIBODY

ETIOLOGY &
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
LABORATORY 4
TEST
Etiology & Immunopathology
Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite.

Symptoms of toxoplasmosis include fever, swollen glands and

muscle aches. Most people who become infected with
Toxoplasma have no symptoms. If people develop symptoms,
they usually begin 1 to 3 weeks after being exposed to the
parasite. Symptoms usually last for 2 to 4 weeks.
Autoantibody
The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is based on the detection of anti-
toxoplasmosis antibodies: IgG, which indicates previous exposure
and the presence of active immunity, and IgM, which indicates a
recent infection
Laboratory Test
The diagnosis of T. gondii infection or toxoplasmosis can be
established by:

Serologic tests

PCR

Avidity Test
IgG=old infection

IgG & IgM = Recent Infection or

False Positive Test Result
Autoimmune Disease
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Vasculitis (Cutaneous vasculitis and Necrotizing vasculitis)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Inflammatory myopathies
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Pemphigus vulgaris
Psoriasis vulgaris
Sarcoidosis
Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid Vasculitis (PAN) IBD (CD)

Arthritis

RA is an autoimmune Polyarteritis nodosa Toxoplasma gondii triggers

disease and the most (PAN) is a vasculitis inflammatory pathology
common type of characterized by resembling lesions seen
inflammatory arthritis inflammatory necrosis during human inflammatory
that is a major cause of of medium-sized bowel disease, in particular
disability. arteries. Crohn's disease (CD).
Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid Vasculitis (PAN) IBD (CD)

Arthritis

RA is an autoimmune Polyarteritis nodosa Toxoplasma gondii triggers

disease and the most (PAN) is a vasculitis inflammatory pathology
common type of characterized by resembling lesions seen
inflammatory arthritis inflammatory necrosis during human inflammatory
that is a major cause of of medium-sized bowel disease, in particular
disability. arteries. Crohn's disease (CD).
Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid Vasculitis (PAN) IBD (CD)

Arthritis

RA is an autoimmune Polyarteritis nodosa Toxoplasma gondii triggers

disease and the most (PAN) is a vasculitis inflammatory pathology
common type of characterized by resembling lesions seen
inflammatory arthritis inflammatory necrosis during human inflammatory
that is a major cause of of medium-sized bowel disease, in particular
disability. arteries. Crohn's disease (CD).
Autoimmune Disease

Systemic Lupus Inflammatory Multiple

Erythematosus myopathies sclerosis

SLE is associated with a Toxoplasmosis can has a protective effect against

divergent innate cause polymyositis the development of multiple
immune response, either by reactivation or sclerosis (MS), according to a
generating tissue by recent infection. review study. Specifically,
inflammation with the people who had been infected
release of cytokines. with the parasite were 32% less
likely to develop MS than those
who never had toxoplasmosis.
Autoimmune Disease

Systemic Lupus Inflammatory Multiple

Erythematosus myopathies sclerosis

SLE is associated with a Toxoplasmosis can has a protective effect against

divergent innate cause polymyositis the development of multiple
immune response, either by reactivation or sclerosis (MS), according to a
generating tissue by recent infection. review study. It can affect the
inflammation with the brain and spinal cord, causing a
release of cytokines. wide range of potential
symptoms, including problems
with vision, arm or leg
movement, sensation or balance
 Autoimmune Disease

Myasthenia Pemphigus Sarcoidosis

Gravis vulgaris & Psoriasis
vulgaris
a chronic autoimmune Pemphigus is an causes clusters of immune cells
disorder in which autoimmune, called granulomas to infiltrate
antibodies destroy the intraepithelial, blistering your organs and lymph nodes.
communication between disorder that is Sarcoidosis most commonly
nerves and muscle, mediated by circulating affects your lungs, but it can
resulting in weakness of autoantibodies directed affect any organ in your body
the skeletal muscles. against keratinocyte cell
surfaces
 Autoimmune Disease

Myasthenia Pemphigus Sarcoidosis

Gravis vulgaris & Psoriasis
vulgaris
a chronic autoimmune Pemphigus is an causes clusters of immune cells
disorder in which autoimmune, called granulomas to infiltrate
antibodies destroy the intraepithelial, blistering your organs and lymph nodes.
communication between disorder that is Sarcoidosis most commonly
nerves and muscle, mediated by circulating affects your lungs, but it can
resulting in weakness of autoantibodies directed affect any organ in your body
the skeletal muscles. against keratinocyte cell
surfaces
 Autoimmune Disease

Myasthenia Pemphigus Sarcoidosis

Gravis vulgaris & Psoriasis
vulgaris
a chronic autoimmune Pemphigus is an causes clusters of immune cells
disorder in which autoimmune, called granulomas to infiltrate
antibodies destroy the intraepithelial, blistering your organs and lymph nodes.
communication between disorder that is Sarcoidosis most commonly
nerves and muscle, mediated by circulating affects your lungs, but it can
resulting in weakness of autoantibodies directed affect any organ in your body
the skeletal muscles. against keratinocyte cell
surfaces
Thank you
for listening!