I.

Objective
Demonstrate how certain factors affect the amount of soil carried away

II.
References:
Into the Future

Science Idea:
The steeper the slope of the land, the more soil is carried by running water.
Processes: observation, inference, comparison

Materials:
a baking pan, blocks of wood, pail, cloth (katsa), sprinkler, clay, garden soil,
water

III. Learning Tasks

A. Engage
1. Review
Which are the natural causes of soil erosion? How does each cause soil
erosion?

2. Motivation
On rainy days, how does water flow from the sides of the mountains? (Very
fast)
How does water flow on the flat land? ( not so fast as the sides of the
mountain)
What might be the effect of the steep slope of the flat land on the soil
erosion? (A flat land causes less soil erosion)

B. Explore
What you need:
three pans with soil, water

What to do : Get three pans with soil

Label the pans A, B, C
Set pan A flat on the floor
Set pan C in an inclined position higher than B by putting 2 blocks under.
Slowly pour water into each pan.
The height from which the water is released should be the same.

Observe what happens:

What happened in pan A when the water was poured in it?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Did the soil flow with the water?

_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Why?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

What happened in pan B when the water was poured in it?

_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Why?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

What happened in pan C when the water was poured in it?

_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Why?
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Compare the amount of soil washed away from each box.

PANS A B C

C. Explain
Describe the position of the Pan in A? (It is flat)
When you poured water on the pan, what was the rate of the flow of water?
( It did not flow)
Why? (It is flat)
Describe the position of the pan in B. (It is slanted).
When you poured water on the pan, what was the rate of the flow of water?
(slow)
How much soil was carried by the water? (small amount of soil)
Describe the position of pan C? (It is more slanted than B)
 When you poured water on the pan, what was the rate of the flow of water?
(fast)
How much soil was carried by the water? (more soil was carried by the
water.)
Which of the set-ups carried more soil? (set-up C)
Why was more soil carried by water in this set-up? (The soil was more
slanted.)
In which slope was more soil carried by the water? (The steeper slope)
Which set-up had a steeper slope? (Set-up C)

D. Elaborate
What affects the amount of soil carried by the flowing water? (The slope of
land)
Describe it, (The steeper the slope of the land, the more soil is carried away
by running water.)

How will soil of the plant be, flat or slope? (flat)

Why? (Water will erode the soil when you water them.

E. Evaluation:
Show how slope of land affect soil erosion.

IV. Assignment:
Observe your ground at home. Are there slopes? What will you do? Why?
I. Objectives
Describe the effects of soil erosion on the shape of land, condition of soil,
condition of water, plants, animals and people.

II. References:
Into the Future

Processes:
observation, inference, comparison

Materials:
water, soil, a block of wood, 2 rectangular pans, 2 cans with sprinkler with
the same size

III. Learning Tasks

A. Engage
1.Review
Name the factors that may affect the amount of soil carried away by flowing
water. ( slope of land, strength and volume of running water, presence of
cover crops, dryness and size of soil particles)
Demonstrate how each factor affect the amount of soil carried away by
flowing water.)

2. Motivation
After the flood how does the soil look? (It is muddy) What other changes will
you see on the soil? (There are mud holes) Why do you think these changes
happen on the soil? (Because of the flowing water) The soil has no plant
cover.

B. Explore
What you need:
a big mound of pebbles, stones, and soil
a big can filled with water
a big basin

What to do:
1. Build a mountain of pebbles, stones and soil in the big basin.
2. Press the slopes of the mountain so that it will be compressed.
3. Pour water continuously on top of the mountain
4. Observe what happens
Describe your mound
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What does your mound have?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What happened when you poured water continuously on top of the mound?
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Did the shape of the mount remain the same?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Why? _________________________________________________________________

What is its shape now?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

B. Make another mound using the same materials.

Switch on the electric fan at low speed.

Observe what happens:

Describe the mound

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What happened when wind at low speed blow at the mound?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

This time, switch on the electric fan at a fast speed.

Observe what happens.

What happened when wind at fast speed blow at the mound?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Describe the mound now.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

It is the same as before?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Does it have the same shape?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

What affected the change in shape of the soil?

_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

C. Explain

Describe the mound. (It is steep, It has a slope, It is high, It is one shape)

What does the mound have? (Pebbles, stones, soil)

What happened when water is poured on top of the water? (the soil is carried away by
the flowing water.)

Did the shape of the mound remain the same? (No)

Why? (the flowing water carried the soil away)

What is its shape now? (it became smaller, it became flat)

In activity 2, describe the mound. (The mound is steep. It has a slope. It is a high
land.)

What happened when the wind blew at a low speed? (The wind carried with the small
amount of soil.)

What will happen when the wind blew at a high speed? (The wind carried great amount
of soil.)

Did its shape remain the shape? (No)

Why? (The wind carried the soil with it.)

Describe its shape now? (It is a low land. It is a flat land.)

 D. Elaborate

What affected the change in shape of the soil? (The flowing water and blowing wind
affected the change in shape of the soil. Erosion affected the change in shape of the
land.)

If you have a bare land at home what must you do? (Cover it with crops/plants)

E. Evaluation:
What changes on the shape of land are affected by wind and water?

IV.Assignment:
Look into your locality and find out if there is a certain place which was changed in
place
I. Objective
Demonstrate how people and plants prevent soil erosion.

II. Unit: Earth

Topic: Erosion

Processes: observation, inference, comparison, demonstration

Materials: pictures of ways of preventing erosion

III. Learning Tasks

A. Engage
1. Review
Describe the effects of soil erosion on the shape of the land, condition of the
soil, condition of water and on plants, animals and people.
(Soil erosion changes the shape of land. Soil erosion makes the land dry and
infertile. Soil erosion makes the body of water shallow and polluted. Plants
cannot grow well on dry soil, animals have nothing to eat and people cannot
plant on infertile lands.)

2. Motivation
You have experienced the effects of soil erosion. What have you done to
avoid it?
What might have happened if you did not do something to avoid it?
What must you do to prevent soil erosion?

B. Explore
A. Give the letter that comes before each letter.
____d ____t ____u ____d ____e _____e
____p ____u ____f ____p ____b _____j
____o ____s____s ____w ____n _____l
____u ____j ____s ____f ____t _____f
____p ____q ____b ____s _____t
____v ____d
____s ____d ____j ____d _____s
____s____o ____s _____f
____q ____p ____h ____p _____g
____m ____q ____q _____p
____p ____q ____t _____s
____x ____j _____f
____j ____o _____t
____o _____u
 ____h _____b
_____u
____g _____j
____p _____p
____s _____o
____f
____t
____u

B. Match the following words with the picture that show.

Contour plowing dams strip cropping terracing cover crops

dikes reforestation forest

________________________

___________________________
___________________________

_______________________

________________________
 ________________________

_________________________

_________________________

C. Explain

What words were you able to form in Activity I?

 What big heading will you give to the words?

In Activity 2, what does each picture shows?

D. Elaborate

What are the ways of preventing soil erosion?

You live on a mountain. What will you do so that the slopes will not be eroded?

E. Evaluation
Demonstrate the different ways of preventing soil erosion.

IV. Assignment:
Select one of the ways of preventing soil erosion and role play it.