Very Short Answer Questions: 

  1 Mark
1. Fill in the Blanks: 
(i) ______________are the huge piles of ice found in water bodies.
Ans: Glaciers are the huge piles of ice found in water bodies.
 
(ii) The winding flow of a river is called_______________.
Ans: The winding flow of a river is called meanders.
 
(iii) The water erodes soft rock faster than ___________.
Ans: The water erodes soft rock faster than hard rocks.
 
(iv) The movement of the plates under the earth’s surface
causes___________.
Ans: The movement of the plates under the earth’s surface causes
earthquakes.
 
2. State True and False:
(i) Folding is caused by the sudden movement of Earth’s plates.
Ans: True
 
(ii) Oxbow lakes are formed in the river valleys.
Ans: True
 
(iii) Mushroom rocks are found in deserts.
Ans: True
 
(iv) Moraines are caused by depositional action of glaciers.
Ans: True
 
3. Match the Following:
 
(i) Meanders River of ice

(ii) Glaciers Rivers

(iii) Beach Desert

(iv) Sand dunes Sea Shore
 
Ans:
 
(i) Meanders River

(ii) Glaciers River of ice

(iii) Beach Sea Shore

(iv) Sand
Desert
dunes
 
4. Choose the Correct Option:
(i) _______________is not an essential feature of the sea waves.
a. Beach
b. Cliff
c. Sea Cave
d. None of the above

Ans: (b) Cliff

 
(ii) Ox-Bow lakes are found in____________.
a. Beach
b. Flood Plain
c. River Valleys
d. None of the above

Ans: (c) River valleys

 
5. Define the Following:
(i) Lithospheric Plates
Ans: The lithosphere's parts broken down into pieces are known as
lithospheric plates.
 
(ii) Endogenic Forces
Ans: The forces which act in the interior of the earth are known as endogenic
forces.
 
Short Answer Questions:    2 Marks
6. What are Waterfalls?
Ans: The phenomenon of abrupt and vertical falling of the water from a high
altitude is known as a waterfall.
 
7. What Causes Earthquakes?
Ans: Earthquake is caused by the sudden movement of plates under the
surface of the earth.
 
8. How is a Beach Form?
Ans: The deposition of the fine sand on the seashore by the sea is
responsible for the formation of the beach.
 
9. How the Rocks are Eroded by a Waterfall?
Ans: Soft rock gets eroded faster than hard rocks by the water. As hard rocks
are the source of water and the soft rocks beneath get eroded.
 
10. What are Sand Dunes?
Ans: The formation of small mounds in the sand due to the action of the
wind is known as the sand dunes. They are found in desert areas.
 
Short Answer Questions:   3 Marks
11. Why do some rocks have a mushroom’s shape?
Ans: In desert areas, the wind erodes the bottom of the rock more as
compared to the upper portion. This transforms the shape of the rock and
makes it look like a mushroom.
 
12. Why Do Sea Caves Turn into Stacks?
Ans: With time, water takes away the roof of the cave. This changes the
shape of a cave as only sidewalls are left. In this way, sea caves turn into
stacks.
 
13. Why Do Buildings Collapse During Earthquakes?
Ans: Buildings collapse due to the use of inadequate steel structures as well
as weak foundation. And as the ground shakes, these buildings fall very
easily.
 
14. Why are Flood Plains Fertile?
Ans: Flood water carries sediments and silts with it and deposits them on the
bank which makes the plains fertile. These also contain decaying organic
substances which further increase soil fertility.
 
15. What Causes Folding? What is the Sedimentary Fold?
Ans: The sudden movement of Earth’s crust causes folding. The slumps in
the sedimentary material cause sedimentary folds. For example,  a volcano is
caused by rising magma.
 
Long Answer Questions:   5 Marks
16. What are Some Works of Wind?
Ans: Wind plays a significant role in the formation of the top layer of the soil.
 Mushroom Rocks: In desert areas, the wind erodes the bottom of the
rock more as compared to the upper portion. This transforms the
shape of the rock and makes it look like a mushroom.
 Sand Dunes: The formation of small mounds in the sand due to the
action of the wind is known as the sand dunes. They are found in
desert areas.
 Loess: When the wind has blown away the small and fine grains of
sand and deposits them at some other place. Then the area is known
as the Loess.
 
17. What are the Works of Ice in Forming the Earth’s Surface?
Ans: The low temperature in a region for a very long time leads to the
formation of glaciers. Glaciers are known as rivers of ice. They start melting
when they come into contact with high temperatures and expose the rock
beneath them by bulldozing the soil. The melting of glaciers turns the area
eroded by them into beautiful lakes. They are also responsible for the
formation of glacial moraines through the deposition of big and small
moraines.
 
18. What are the Effects of Sea Waves?
Ans: Following are the effects of sea waves:
 Coastal landforms are formed with the erosion as well as deposition of
sea waves.
 They are responsible for the formation of hollow caves in the rocks.
 Only the roof remains and the water forms the huge cavities known as
the sea arches.
 With further erosion due to the water, walls also break and only roofs
remain in the last and they are known as stacks.
 Cliffs are also made with the sea waves. They stand vertically above the
seawater.
 
19. How are the Landforms Made?
Ans: Landscapes get continuously worn down due to weathering and
erosion. Landforms are formed only because of the active participation of
these two forces. Big rocks get broken down into small pieces with the help
of weathering and they form the landforms. Erosion by the elements like ice
and water etc. helps in scattering the pieces on the plain. In the long run,
major landforms are created on the surface of the earth with these two
forces.
 
20. How Does an Earthquake Take Place?
Ans: Earthquake is the shaking of the top layer of the earth because of the
action of endogenic forces in the interior of the earth. As the movement of
the lithospheric plates takes place at the surface of the earth, endogenic
forces feel change due to these movements. These forces act on the plates
and lead them to move from their places which finally causes earthquakes
on the surface of the earth.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Magma inside the earth moves in a ………………………. motion.
2. A ………………………… is a vent in the earth’s crust through which molten material comes
out.
3. The place in the crust where the earthquake starts is called ……………………..
4. The processes of …………………………….. and ………………………. create different landform on the
surface of earth.
5. Deposition of layers of fine soil along the bank of rivers forms …………………………….
6. Sand deposits over larger areas are called………………………….
Answer:
1. circular
2. volcano
3. epicentre
4. erosion, deposition
5. flood plains
6. loess,

Write whether the given statements are true or false:

1. Sudden movements like earthquake do not cause mass destruction.
2. Deposition is breaking up of rocks on the earth’s surface.
3. Wearing away of the land by different agents like water, wind and ice is called erosion.
4. Sea caves become bigger and only the roof remains forming the sea arches.
5. Moraine is a depositional feature of glaciers,
6. River is an agent of erosion and deposition in the desert.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. False.

Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B

Answer:
1. (b)
2. (d)
3. (f)
4. (g)
5. (a)
6. (c).

Prelude

Question 1.
The earth’s crust is broken into a number of huge parts. They are called
(a) lithospheric plates
(b) metamorphic plates
(c) sedimentary plates
(d) none of these
Answer:
lithospheric plates

Question 2.
Which one of the following forces originates in the interior of the earth?
(a) Exogenic forces
(b) Endogenic forces
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer:
Endogenic forces

Question 3.
Sudden movements in the earth are called
(a) earthquakes
(b) building mountains
(c) focus
(d) none of these
Answer:
earthquakes

Question 4.
The place on the surface above the focus is known as
(a) epicentre
(b) focus
(c) forces
(d) lithosphere
Answer:
epicentre
Question 5.
What is the name of the instrument used for measuring earthquake?
(a) Thermometer
(b) Seismograph
(c) Weighing machine
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Seismograph

Question 6.
On which scale is the earthquake measured?
(a) Plane scale
(b) Richter scale
(c) Compass
(f) Divider
Answer:
Richter scale

Major Land Forms

Work of a River:

Question 1.
In which continent is the highest waterfall ‘Angel Falls of Venezuela’ located?
(a) South America
(b) South Africa
(c) South India
(d) North India
Answer:
South America

Question 2.
Where is ‘Niagara falls’ located?
(а) On the border between Canada and USA
(b) On the border between India and China
(c) On the border between India and Pakistan
(d) On the border between India and Nepal
Answer:
On the border between Canada and USA
Question 3.
The triangular collection of sediments at the mouth of a river forms
(a) beach
(b) delta
(c) arches
(d) glaciers
Answer:
delta

Work of Sea Waves

Question 1.
The steep rocky coast rising almost vertically above the sea water is called
(a) sea cliff
(b) beach
(c) sea cave
(d) erosion
Answer:
sea cliff

Work of Ice

Question 1.
Which of the following is an example of a glacier
(a) Gangotri
(b) Aravali
(c) both of these
(d) none of these
Answer:
Gangotri

Work of Wind

Question 1.
Deposition of sand in a low hill like structure is known as a: ‘
(a) Glacier
(b) Sand dimes
(c) Hill
(d) Desert
Answer:
Sand dimes