Met362 - Product Design and Development

MET362 - PRODUCT
DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT
Tony K P
MET362 - PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 2
Invention Vs Innovation Vs Creativity

Creativity Vs Innovation

Introduction to product design
▪ Product design is about creating products that meet the needs of its users through business strategy,
data analysis, user experience design, user research, user interface design, motion design, mockups, and
prototypes.
▪ It’s all about problem-solving and design thinking, which is part of that product design process.’

Creativity Vs Invention Vs Innovation

The generic product development process & Design

Classification/ Specifications of Products
▪ the precise description of what the product has to do.

▪ Some firms use the terms “product requirements” or “engineering characteristics” in this
way.

Classification/ Specifications of Products

Product life cycle
the length of time a product is introduced to consumers into the market until it's removed from the
shelves

Product Mix

Product Mix

Product Mix

Modern product development process


Product Platform
▪ collection of assets (e.g., components, processes, knowledge, people and relationships) that
are shared by a set of products.
Some examples of platforms include:

▪ In auto manufacturing, the chassis is a platform used across multiple car models
▪ In web development, WordPress is a platform used to develop multiple websites
▪ In online retail, Amazon’s website is a platform used to sell a multitude of different types of
products

Product Platform

Product Platform
structure of a platform

Product Platform
Fire damage restoration service using a modular platform

Product architecture
▪ Product architecture is a layout of the product that establishes or represents the relationship
between the product features and functions with the help of drawn up lines and schematics.
It is a vital tool in the product development process.
There are 4 steps involved in product architecture:
1. Making a schematic.
2. Grouping the elements.
3. Make a geometric layout of the elements.
4. Connect the elements by lines.

Product architecture of LCD TV

Integral Vs Modular Architecture
Modular product architecture
▪ In the modular type, well-defined component interfaces functionally self-contain modules.
▪ Organize a product into a number of modules to develop and complete a specific function.
▪ The interaction of these modules carries out the product’s overall purpose.
Integral product architecture
▪ With integral product architecture, functions are shared by physical elements.
▪ There’s greater complexity of mapping between components and functions.
▪ Integral architecture aims at the depths of each feature and its objective covering the
relationship between these.

Trailer-
Modular vs Integral Architecture


Modular Architecture






Make or Buy & longer lead
▪ Make or Buy Analysis: The process of gathering and organizing data about product
requirements and analyzing them against available alternatives, including the purchase or
internal manufacture of the product.
▪ Make or Buy Decisions: Decisions made regarding the external purchase or internal
manufacture of a product.
What does longer lead mean?
▪ Long lead item refers to the equipment, product or system that is identified at the earliest
stage of a project to have a delivery time long enough to affect directly the overall lead time
of the project.


Product Design
The many front-end activities comprising the concept development phase

Role of a product developer
i. They analyze sales data, customer feedback, and product reviews. They also
assess their competitors products
ii. Consulting the manufacturing, design, finance and engineering team to develop
product specifications
iii. Supervising the final design and evaluating the prototype
iv. The developer submits proposals to the project head for reviewing. This enhances
the development process
v. The product developer prepares the final cost estimates for the product

Roles of a product designer
i. Making product sketches by hand or by using software
ii. Meeting clients and other employees to discuss the design
iii. To work with product developers, engineers, and marketing staff
iv. A designer also has to work with the finance team
v. Modifying the design based on the feedback received during the development stages
vi. They also analyze designs of other companies and help in generating new ideas

Industrial Design vs Product Design

Industrial Design vs Product Design

Product Design vs Product Development
Basis of
Product Development Product Design
comparison
Product development refers to the Product design is only a part of the

complete life cycle. This starts from cycle where the design of the product is
Definition
market analysis to goes up to the created.
final product launch.
The product designer has to report to

The product developer supervises the developer for approval. But he
Supervision
each stage of development. cannot supervise anything beyond his
design aspects.

Product Design vs Product Development
Basis of
Product Development Product Design
comparison
All the decisions of marketing, finance, The design decisions are taken
Decision
making sales and logistics are taken in the during product design after
development stages. consultation with other officials.
In the development phase, it is evaluated
The prototype is designed in the
Prototype by the developer, that forms the basis of
product design phase.
the product.
The product development team includes The design team consists of

designers, manufacturers, marketing technical staff consisting of
Team
staff, engineers and sales staff. illustrators, UX designers and
Interaction designers
Characteristics of Successful Product Development
1. Product quality: How good is the product resulting from the development effort? Does it
satisfy customer needs? Is it robust and reliable? Product quality is ultimately reflected in
market share and the price that customers are willing to pay.
2. Product cost: What is the manufacturing cost of the product? This cost includes spending on
capital equipment and tooling as well as the incremental cost of producing each unit of the
product. Product cost determines how much profit accrues to the firm for a particular sales
volume and a particular sales price.

Characteristics of Successful Product Development
3. Development time: How quickly did the team complete the product development effort?
Development time determines how responsive the firm can be to competitive forces and to
technological developments, as well as how quickly the firm receives the economic returns from
the team’s efforts.
4. Development cost: How much did the firm have to spend to develop the product? Development
cost is usually a significant fraction of the investment required to achieve the profits.
5. Development capability: Are the team and the firm better able to develop future products as a
result of their experience with a product development project? Development capability is an asset
the firm can use to develop products more effectively and economically in the future.

Concept development process
▪ A product development process is the sequence of steps or activities that an enterprise
employs to conceive, design, and commercialize a product
The many front-end activities comprising the concept development phase

Why the need for a Product Development Process
1. Quality assurance: A development process specifies the phases a development project will
pass through and the checkpoints along the way. When these phases and checkpoints are
chosen wisely, following the development process is one way of assuring the quality of the
resulting product.
2. Coordination: A clearly articulated development process acts as a master plan that defines
the roles of each of the players on the development team. This plan informs the members of
the team when their contributions will be needed and with whom they will need to exchange
information and materials.

Why the need for a Product Development Process
3. Planning: A development process includes milestones corresponding to the completion of

each phase. The timing of these milestones anchors the schedule of the overall
development project.
4. Management: A development process is a benchmark for assessing the performance of an

ongoing development effort. By comparing the actual events to the established process, a
manager can identify possible problem areas.
5. Improvement: The careful documentation and ongoing review of an organization’s

development process and its results may help to identify opportunities for improvement.

Designer: Someone who creates, styles and or executes plans for a project, structure, device
or apparel.
Innovator: Someone who makes changes or enhances something in a new way.
Inventor: Someone who creates a useful device or process for the first time through the use of
the imagination or of ingenious thinking and experiment.

Design by evolution
The practice of growing a system in a natural way, by adding the minimum amount of change
in design to satisfy the business needs in an iterative and incremental approach
Evolutionary design/continuous design/evolutive design, or incremental design is directly
related to any modular design application, in which components can be freely substituted to
improve the design, modify performance, or change another feature at a later time

Design by evolution

No car ….No Fun!!!!

Why do Products Evolve?
1. Political Changes
2. Social Changes
3. Environmental Changes (Hybrid Cars and biodegradable plastic bags)
4. Cultural Changes
5. Availability of New Materials (Carbon Fibre)
6. Development of New Technology & Processes (mass , batch, CAM etc)

Design by evolution/ Evolutionary design/ Continuous
design

Design by evolution/ Evolutionary design/ Continuous
design
1.experimentation with variations in implementation technology choices and operational

environments to better meet customer needs,
2.platform engineering, i.e. deliberate selection of common features that are useful for specific
categories/species of customers that use the product line,
3.product engineering, i.e. replication of best engineering practices in the assembly of concrete
products for specific customers,
4.product line operations, i.e. Sustaining the provision of services to customers and processing
feedback from customers.

Continuous Improvement
Plan: Identify an opportunity and plan for

change.
Do: Implement the change on a small scale.
Check: Use data to analyze the results of the
change and determine whether it made a
difference.
Act: If the change was successful, implement
it on a wider scale and continuously assess
your results. If the change did not work,
begin the cycle again.

Design by evolution

“10 Principle of Good Design”
1. Good design is innovative
2. Good design makes a product useful
3. Good design is aesthetic
4. Good design makes a product understandable
5. Good design is unobtrusive
6. Good design is honest
7. Good design is long-lasting
8. Good design is thorough down to the last detail
9. Good design is environmentally-friendly Dieter Rams

industrial and functionalist designer
10. Good design is as little design as possible
Accu Check Active
Principles involved:
Innovative, Understandable

Wipro Smart Led Bulbs
Innovative, Understandable, Unobtrusive, Aesthetic

Offbeat Gaming Mouse
Innovative, Understandable,
Unobtrusive, Aesthetic

Make My Trip Application

Grammarly

Design by innovation
▪ Innovation is a product, service, business model, or strategy that's both novel and useful.
▪ Innovations don't have to be major breakthroughs in technology or new business models;
they can be as simple as upgrades to a company's customer service or features added to
an existing product.

WHAT MAKES A PRODUCT INNOVATIVE?
▪ by identifying and addressing the pain points your consumers are experiencing.
▪ There are two types of pain points innovation should address: explicit and latent.
I. Explicit pain points: Customers are aware of, and can easily define, these pain points.
II. Latent pain points: These pain points are more difficult to define because most customers
aren’t aware of them.

HOW TO BE INNOVATIVE IN THE MODERN WORLD?
I. Clarify: Conduct research to clarify a problem and empathize with your target audience. The
goal is to identify key pain points, ensuring solutions are useful.
II. Ideate: Focus on idea generation to solve problems identified during research.
III. Develop: Explore potential solutions generated during ideation. Create prototypes to
validate their effectiveness.
IV. Implement: Advocate for your innovation to key stakeholders and encourage its adoption
into the organization.

Principles of Design Innovation
Contextual
Good design innovation is respectful of its context. It understands and fits in to its surroundings. It does not force
a design meant for a different context on all contexts it lives in.
Empathetic
Good design innovation is deeply empathetic. Understanding the problems people and organizations face, the
roots of those problems, how people approach them and think about them — these are all inherently difficult
things to do that most ignore. Empathy is hard, but necessary for good design innovation.
Goal-oriented
Good design innovation progresses people or organizations towards a goal, or works to solve some specific
problem(s).
Intentional
Good design innovation is not superfluous; everything is intentional. Nothing is added simply for aesthetic appeal
without intentionality behind achieving some goal or adhering to a core value.
Iterative
Good design innovation is ongoing; it requires learning from prior iterations, deeply understanding what was
observed, and from that, designing better educated iterations to run next.
Design Innovation Framework Diagram

Gears of Design Innovation
1.Proof of Value (POV) — finding out what are the
problems and what is of value to the users by co-creating
with them.
2.Proof of Concept (POC) — testing the effectiveness of

the prototypes in delivering the value/eliminating
problems.
3.Proof of Market (POM) — ensuring the sustainability of

solution as a business through iteration to achieve
product-market fit.
Fig. The 4 main gears span across the three grids of
4.Proof of Impact (POI) — showing the potential to deliver desirability, feasibility, and viability, evolving across the
impact to the masses through proven customer successes different stages of the innovation cycle.

Double Diamond Design Framework (DDDF)
divergent and convergent thinking

Double Diamond Design Framework (DDDF)
▪ In the Discover stage, we attempt to find out everything we can about our users and the problems they face
▪ The Define stage is where we make use of all the data collected and make sense of it.
▪ Discover and Define are the most crucial stages of the DDDF/POV cycle. It really ensures that teams are
focused on solving the right problems expressed by users on a relatively large scale, before developing a
desirable solution, which correlates to the Proof of Market cycle.
▪ Develop is where the Proof of Concept begins. Creativity runs wild in the Develop stage, teams generate tons
of ideas, build them, test them, learn from them, and repeat.
▪ Selecting the more feasible and popular ideas to prototype is what happens in the Deliver stage.
▪ The impact we talk about here applies to scale and sustainability. Businesses should be sustainable, in a
financial and an environmental/social sense.

Convergent vs Divergent thinking

TYPES OF INNOVATION
1. Product or service innovation: This focuses on creating a new product, service, or product
feature. Examples range from the internet to the pivoting head of Gillette razor blades.
2. Process innovation: This refers to changes made to make a process more efficient. For
example, assembly lines were a breakthrough in manufacturing.
3. Business model innovation: This is when you transform business operations. Ride-sharing
platforms, such as Uber or Lyft, are an example of this. They took the taxi and car service
companies’ business model and altered it to a peer-to-peer, digitized model.

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MET362 - PRODUCT

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▪ the precise description of what the product has to do.

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Some examples of platforms include:

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There are 4 steps involved in product architecture:

2. Grouping the elements.

3. Make a geometric layout of the elements.

4. Connect the elements by lines.

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▪ In the modular type, well-defined component interfaces functionally self-contain modules.

Integral product architecture

▪ With integral product architecture, functions are shared by physical elements.

▪ There’s greater complexity of mapping between components and functions.

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What does longer lead mean?

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The many front-end activities comprising the concept development phase

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iii. Supervising the final design and evaluating the prototype

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i. Making product sketches by hand or by using software

ii. Meeting clients and other employees to discuss the design

iii. To work with product developers, engineers, and marketing staff

iv. A designer also has to work with the finance team

MET362 - PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 35

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MET362 - PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 37

Product development refers to the Product design is only a part of the

The product designer has to report to

MET362 - PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 38

The product development team includes The design team consists of

volume and a particular sales price.

MET362 - PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 40

MET362 - PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 41

The many front-end activities comprising the concept development phase

information and materials.

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