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GXP_B1P_SBK_IMP.indd 1 14/09/2018 11:44

CONTENTS
Unit Reading Grammar Vocabulary

Starter Fun times topic: free-time activities prepositions
page 6
1 The true you topic: early morning activities present simple and follow your dreams (p13)
page 9
skill: making inferences
continuous (p12)
adjectives ending in - able or
task: multiple matching
present perfect simple and ible (p13)
-
continuous (p15)
compound nouns (p16)
2 You’ll never believe topic: weird stories past tenses (p26) describing things; strong
this … skill: checking options against comparative and superlative

adjectives, phrases (p27)
the text forms: adjectives and adverbs adverbs (p30)

page 23
(p29)
task: multiple choice
3 The world around us topic: Jamie’s Farm future forms (p40) food and transport, phrases
skill: understanding text so, such , too, enough (p43) with make and do, identical
page 37
verbs and nouns (p41)
coherence and cohesion
phrasal verbs (p44)

task: gapped text
4 Make it happen topic: teenage athletes in modal verbs 1 (p54) relationships; adjectives +
Jamaica prepositions (p55)

page 51 modal verbs 2 (p57)
skill: identifying key words word formation: adjectives
(p58)
5 Lessons for life topic: video games in class defining and non-defining learning skills, learning phrasal
relative clauses (p68) verbs (p69)

skill: using linking words as
page 65
clues reduced relative clauses (p71) money (p72)
task: gapped text uncountable nouns (p72)
2
Listening Use of English Speaking Writing Switch on
listen to short extracts interview a partner write a paragraph about
about free-time about favourite yourself
activities activities, plans, hopes
and dreams
topic: achievements key word transformation topic: getting to know topic: city vs. video: circus squad
(p15) each other countryside

skill: avoiding the project: design a
obvious choice multiple-choice cloze skill: giving interesting skill: giving a reason, promotional poster
(p16) answers explaining a result

task: interview task: opinion essay
topic: avoiding telling key word transformation topic: challenging topic: when things go video: lion in London
the truth (p29) activities and situations wrong

project: research
skill: managing the word formation (p30) skill: describing skill: using interesting amazing animal stories
task, using the first and similarities and language
second listening differences

task: story
task: multiple matching task: long turn
topic: hip-hop open cloze (p43) topic: eco-friendly topic: solutions for the video: reindeer girls
environmentalist activities future, the way forward

multiple-choice cloze project: create an
skill: listening for gist/ (p44) skill: getting ideas, skill: organising your advert for an outdoor
detail expressing agreement article, using topic job
and preference sentences

task: sentence
completion task: collaborative task task: article
topic: making up your key word transformation topic: doing something topic: happiness and video: my ‘year 12’ life
mind (p57) together satisfaction

project: create a vlog
skill: rewording word formation (p58) skill: expressing opinions skill: contrasting and
questions summarising
task: discussion
task: multiple matching task: essay
topic: money open cloze (p71) topic: life skills topic: new activities at video: school for the
management school arts

multiple-choice cloze skill: justifying your
skill: predicting answers (p72) opinion skill: using informal and project: class survey on
semi-formal register popular activities

task: multiple choice task: collaborative task
task: semi-formal letter
3
CONTENTS
Unit Reading Grammar Vocabulary

6 Superpowers topic: technology that will infinitives and -ing forms ic/-al adjective
science, -
give you superpowers (p82) endings (p83)

page 79
skill: focusing on the meaning quantifiers and pronouns or/-er noun endings, verbs
-
of a section of text (p85) beginning withdis-/re- (p86)

7 Home and away topic: alternative living conditionals (0–3) (p96) living accommodation and
spaces furnishings, synonyms and

wishes, preferences and
page 93
antonyms (p97)
skill: using reference words regrets (p99)
prepositions (p100)
task: gapped text
8 What’s in a number? topic: huge numbers the passive (p110) maths, nouns with - tion, -sion ,
skill: guessing unknown have/get something done ment (p111)
-
page 107
language (p113) countable and uncountable
nouns (p114)
9 Express yourself topic: creative arts events reported speech (p124) visual arts, collocations (p125)
page 121 skill: using synonymous reporting questions, orders live entertainment (p128)
phrases to find the correct and requests (p127)
answer
10 Learning from the topic: the woolly mammoth
past skill: understanding text
cohesion in an article
page 135
task: gapped text
Grammar file page 144 Speaking tasks page 173
Extend vocabulary page 162 Audioscripts page 179
Exam file: speaking page 164 Irregular verbs list page 190
Exam file: writing page 167
4
Listening Use of English Speaking Writing Switch on
topic: inventions key word transformation topic: science and topic: film video: spider science
inspired by nature (p85) technology

skill: dramatic present project: research-based
skill: extracting key word formation (p86) skill: giving two sides to tenses presentation
details an answer
task: review
task: sentence task: discussion
completion
topic: learning key word transformation topic: talking about topic: description of a video: homes of the
languages (p99) yourself visit to a place future
skill: listening for multiple-choice cloze skill: giving information skill: using appropriate project: plan a living
positive or negative (p100) about yourself informal register space
ideas and opinions

task: interview task: informal email
topic: challenges open cloze (p113) topic: competition topic: privacy video: alpine app
skill: focusing on key multiple-choice cloze skill: paraphrasing skill: using adverbs of project: design an app
words (p114) comment

task: long turn
task: multiple choice task: essay
topic: performing arts key word transformation topic: work experience topic: the Edinburgh video: stage
school (p127) festivals management

skill: managing a
skill: focusing on multiple-choice cloze discussion skill: organising a project: write a film
meaning (p128) review, using interesting scene script

task: collaborative task
language
task: review
topic: the Maya open cloze topic: history topic: stories, my
civilisation favourite room

key word transformation skill: answering
skill: extracting key questions on a topic, skill: writing a short

multiple-choice cloze
words and phrases from comparing photos, story, writing a reply
a presentation word formation discussing a topic to an email, writing an
article
task: sentence task: interview; long
completion turn; collaborative task; task: story, email or
discussion article
5
Power up
1 Prepare three sentences about activities you like to do: two
true and one false. Work in small groups. Tell everyone your
sentences. Can they guess which one is false?
I can’t
stand still
Read on
2 Match five of these words with the pictures (A–E). Work
in pairs. Have you done any of these things or something
similar? Which one would you like to try?
for long. advert certificate
text message
note online form
ticket
poster
Class Ticket type Adult

STD RETURN ONE
From Out Child
LONDON 28 FEB NIL
To Return Departs
EDINBURGH 7 MAR 10.30
Ticket number 4354 301283 280285
DREAM
Look at the photo and read the quote, then
FESTIVAL
discuss the questions.
1 What does the quote mean? Is it true for you?

12–14 July Green Park |
2 What exciting activity would you like to try?
STARTER
Ticket prices from £60
Visit our website for inform

ation
on the bands performing
!
Fun times
C Name: Sam Whiteley

READING SPEAKING
read about free-time interview a partner about Address: 14, Bloomdale Street,
activities favourite activities, plans,
Hertfordshire,
hopes and dreams
LISTENING CM85 6RG
WRITING
listen to short extracts
Phone number:
about free-time activities write a paragraph about
yourself
GRAMMAR Comments:
prepositions
Hi! Can I please get some more information on your art classes?
I would really like to know if you offer classes at the weekends.
Sam
6
TECH ABIL ITY
D
Listen up
5 Read what three young people say about places they visited.
Complete what they say with these prepositions.
Katie Olonga at (x2) from in on out to
has successfully completed the course
Game Design Level 3

1UP
35–39!October
Gary Howell Stephanie Hislop
Course Director Instructor
1 2
ROCK
July, we went
the beach a lot. It was good fun and
I learnt how to surf!
TO THE TOP
ROCK CLIMBING LESSONS
Only £25 for a two-hour
session or £30 for
a three-hour session
Groups of 2–6 people,
aged 8+
We spent a day 3 an
Call 07977 2422 3967 to book amazing amusement park when

4
we were holiday. It was
5
the best day !
3 Look at the options again (A–E) and answer
the questions (1–5).
1 What has Katie Olonga learnt? How long did
her course take?
2 What date is the festival? Where does it take
place?
3 How much is the cheapest rock climbing
lesson? Who can go to these lessons?
4 Is the train ticket a single or a return? What
time does it leave?
5 What is Sam asking about? What does he We stayed 6 home this year,
want to know? 7
but we had visitors
New Zealand. We took them to see

4 Match these topics with the pictures in Ex 2
all the sights!
(A–E). Then think of four words related to
each topic. Work in pairs and compare your
answers. 6 S.1 Listen and check your answers.
art music sport travel technology
7
Starter Fun times
7 S.2 Listen to seven teachers giving instructions and match them
to photos A and B. Which instruction doesn’t match either photo?
A
B
49 likes
36 likes
top!
MetalMax I reached the
KatieO I’m loving coding class!
#rockclimbing
#gamedesign
Speak up Write on
8 Work in pairs. Talk about the two photos in Ex 7. 10 Read the notice on a school noticeboard. Then write a
1 Have you done either of these activities? What was it like?

paragraph about yourself (about 100 words).
2 Which activity would you prefer to do? Why?
3 Why do people enjoy these activities?
9 Work in pairs and interview each other. Ask about
these things.
graph about yourself

• summer activities • plans for the new school year Please supply a para
student area of the

• sports and hobbies • hopes and dreams for your profile in the
other students at the

school website. Only
What activities did you do … ?
to access this area.
school will be able
Do you like … ? these questions:

Include answers to
your free time?

Are you going to … ? • What do you do in
like learning about

What would you like to do … ? • What do you most
at school?
game on • What do you hope
is new?
to do this year that
Write a sentence about doing one of the activities from
the Starter unit or a different activity. Then rewrite the
sentence, jumbling the letters of the words in the wrong
order. Work in pairs to undo each others sentences.
8
Always be
yourself.
1
Look at the photo and read the quote. Then
1 What does the quote mean? In what situations
can it be difficult to be yourself?
2 How are you similar to other people your age?
How are you different?
The true you
READING VOCABULARY USE OF ENGLISH WRITING

topic: early-morning activities follow your dreams; key word transformation topic: city vs. countryside
skill: making inferences adjectives ending in multiple-choice cloze skill: giving a reason,
able or -ible
- explaining a result
compound nouns
SPEAKING task: opinion essay
GRAMMAR topic: getting to know each
present simple and

LISTENING other SWITCH ON
continuous topic: achievements skill: giving interesting video: circus squad
answers
present perfect simple and skill: avoiding the obvious project: design a
continuous choice task: interview promotional poster
9
1 The true you
READING Sum up
6 Find similarities and differences between the
Power up four people in the article. Use ‘both’, ‘neither’,
‘only’, ‘all’ or ‘none of them’.
1 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

Think about:
1 What time do you go to bed and wake up? Is that typical for people your age?
1 whether they do something that involves
2 Do you think you function better in the morning or the evening? animals.
3 What’s your favourite time of day for doing these things? What about 2 whether they say they like getting up early.
your least favourite?

3 whether they make money from the activity.
4 whether they are outside in the early

chatting to people going out with friends homework sport watching TV
morning.
5 something else.
Read on
Speak up
2 Read the title of the article. What do you think the phrase ‘early birds’
means? Read the article quickly and check your answer. 7 Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
Give reasons for your answers.
3 Read the exam tip and complete the task.

1 What are the advantages of getting up
early or going to bed late?
exam tip: multiple matching 2 Are there any activities you do early
or late in the day?

Sometimes the information you need isn’t stated directly in the text. You
have to infer the information from the evidence in the text by using logic. 3 Which of the activities in the
article would you like to do?

Read paragraph B again. Which country does Antonio live in? Does he like
Would your answer be different
Li Wei? Underline the evidence in the text that helps you to infer the answers.
if you could do it later in
the day?
4 Read the article again more carefully. Match the questions (1–10) with
the people (A–D). The people may be chosen more than once.
Which person:
1 is doing the activity so that they can go abroad?
2 was inspired to do the activity by another person who does it?
3 can’t always think quickly in the morning?
4 does their activity early in the morning because it’s safer for others then?
5 is getting better at their activity?
6 does an activity that more and more people are choosing to do?
7 says they haven’t had enough sleep at the moment?
8 isn’t oﬅen pleased with the results when they get up early?
9 thinks the activity will help their education in the future?
10 likes how things look in the early morning?
5 Find words in the article that mean the following.
1 a small, long, thin animal without legs that lives in the ground (text A):
2 a seat used for riding a horse (text A): s
3 further in the future than (text B): a
4 photos (text C): s
5 interrupt someone while they are doing something (text C): d
6 meet someone or see something by chance (text C): c
7 wake up later than usual in the morning (text D): s
8 quite (text D): p
10 There are three kinds of mornings: early, too early and way too early!
Recent research suggests that teenagers find it biologically harder
than others to get up in the morning and should start school later
in the day. We decided to ask some people what they think about
this idea and they prove it’s certainly not true of all teenagers!
Find out what inspires them to get out of bed early and get moving!
A Camille People say ‘The early bird catches the worm,’ but
C Petra The ‘golden hours’ – that’s what photographers
we’re at the beach early because we’re after waves, not worms! call the hour after sunrise and the hour before sunset.
It’s 6.30 a.m. and we’re horse surfing. If you haven’t heard of this When the sun is low in the sky, the light can be spectacular.
sport, check it out. It’s getting more popular every year. If you’re into wildlife photography like my brother and I are,
It’s basically a mix between surfing and waterskiing, but with a sunrise is the time to get the best shots. Lots of animals
horse instead of a boat. My friend Manon rides her horse, with are out and about then, and there are rarely any humans to
a rope attached to its saddle, and I surf behind them holding the disturb them. Even in my local park, we come across a huge
rope. We got into it after seeing a video clip online. The guy in number of different species at that time.
the video does incredible jumps, and although mine are much I don’t always feel like getting out of my nice warm bed
smaller, they’re still amazing fun! It’s only possible to go horse
when it’s still dark and cold outside, and when I do, nine
surfing on an empty beach – we don’t want to crash into anyone.
times out of ten I don’t get a good photo. But that doesn’t
That means early mornings, unfortunately, but they’re definitely
put me off, because the tenth time, wow! Capturing nature
worth it. in all its beauty – what could be better than that?
B Antonio Well, you’ll probably think I’m mad, but I get up D Josh It’s 5.45 on Saturday morning, and I’m baking
at 6.15 a.m. every day for a video chat with my friend Li Wei in
bread. The first five loaves are already in the oven and they
China. The time is a bit crazy, I know, but we’re both busy with
smell great. I’ve been selling bread to neighbours for the
school and other stuff, and China is fifteen hours ahead of this
last three months. I’m aiming to make enough money to
part of Mexico. So, 6.15 is the only time we can get together.
pay for a school trip to Kenya that I’m desperate to go on.
We’ve been doing this since I saw Li Wei’s advert on a language It takes me about an hour every Friday evening to prepare
exchange website about six months ago. I practise my Chinese the dough, and another three hours in the morning to do
(which is really useful because it’s my ambition to study it at the baking. Most of my customers want their loaves for
university) and Li Wei practises his Spanish. He laughs at breakfast, so I can never sleep in on a Saturday like my
me because I’m always making silly mistakes – my friends. But it’s enjoyable work, and I’ve already made
brain is a bit slow at that time in the morning. But £400, so I don’t mind. I often feel pretty exhausted later
we’re both improving fast, and it’s awesome in the day, though. I could definitely do with an early
getting to know someone from a completely night tonight!
different culture.
11
1 The true you
GRAMMAR 5 Complete the post and comments with the present simple
or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Read the grammar box. Complete the examples (A–G) with
these words.
BexKix
142 posts
are does don’t feel get ’m making smell takes
How can I persuade my mum

? I should follow my dream?
explore grammar p144
Hi guys. I really
1 (need) your help!
present tenses So, everyone’s got a dream, right? Well, mine is to become
present simple a professional footballer. It’s been my ambition since I first
A for present habits, facts and repeated actions saw Bend It Like Beckham .
2 (you / know) that
movie? It’s about a girl who

3 (join) a football
I up at 6.15 a.m. every day.
B to describe what happens in a film, book, etc.

team, and I’ve watched it about a hundred times. Most of my
4 (not understand) why I’d want to

friends
The guy in the video incredible jumps.
5
C with stative verbs ( like, love, think, understand, realise, hear) kick a ball all day, but I (train / four times a
week), and I’m pretty good now, even if I say so myself! My

The loaves are in the oven, and they great.
current team is OK, but the junior section of a professional
present continuous club 50km away

6 (look) for new players at
D for actions happening now and changing situations the moment. They’ve just seen me play, and they’ve asked
It’s 5.45 on Saturday morning, and I baking bread. me to join them! I’m desperate to say yes, but the problem
7
E with always for something that happens oﬅen is my mother. She (complain / always)
about driving me to football (sigh!) and the new team would

I’m always silly mistakes.
mean even more driving. She

8 (not like) the
adverbs and adverbial phrases of frequency

idea, but she hasn’t said a definite ‘no’ yet either. How can
F used before most verbs, but aﬅer the verb to be I persuade her?
I oﬅen pretty exhausted.
There rarely any humans. EdtheTed: Maybe promise to clean the bathroom
G used at the end of a sentence, sometimes at the beginning every week?
It me about an hour every Friday evening.

Olz66: Buy her chocolate. That
9
Nine times out of ten I get a good photo.
(work / always) with my mum.
2 1.1 Listen to two friends talking about Dan’s dream.
What is it? Speak up
3 1.2 Listen and complete the sentences from the recording. 6 Work in pairs and discuss
Match the sentences with uses A–E in the grammar box. the questions.
1 What at the moment? 1 What do you think the
2 I on it for a few hours every Sunday.

phrase ‘dreams don’t
3
work unless
The hero, Connor, from the prison.
you do’ means?
4 That really interesting.
2 What dreams do you have?
5 I my mind about the story.
What are you doing to
4
make them come true?
Put the words and phrases in brackets in these sentences.
Sometimes there is more than one correct place.

3 What do you think stops
some people from

1 My sister spends all her free time kayaking. (in summer)
following their dreams?
2 She gets to the river. (usually, at about 9 a.m.)
3 I work on my idea for a new game. (most weekends)
4 My brother is borrowing my boots – it’s so
annoying! (always)
5 I didn’t read the last chapter. Does Annie
follow her dream? (in the end)
12
VOCABULARY 3 1.3 Listen to three people talking about being a
volunteer. Which three of these activities do they mention?
follow your dreams A playing games online D answering surveys
B doing photo research E emailing politicians

1 Read the suggestions for how to follow your dreams.
C making cards for kids F adding to NASA’s
Complete them with the correct form of these words
maps
and phrases.
4 1.4 Listen again. Which adjective(s) do the speakers use

be worth it encourage get into give up on
to describe their volunteering? There are two you do not
put off take pride in need.
enjoyable incredible relaxing scary stressful tiring
How to follow your dreams
Do 5 Read the vocabulary box. Choose the correct adjectives
1 to complete the sentences. Which adjectives come from

several things that interest you, so that
nouns and which ones from verbs?
you can discover your passion.
1 I want to have an important job and be suitable /

spend time with positive people who really
responsible for a big business.
2 you.
2 It’s understandable / comfortable that the accident put
remember that the hard work that you put in
her off gymnastics.
3
3
.
The day I went to see the Olympics was one of the most
4 the things that you achieve. memorable / responsible of my life.
Don’t 4 It’s my dream to design backpacks that are really
understandable / comfortable to wear.

let small problems
5 you .
6
5 It’s suitable / sensible to make an early start if you prefer
a dream just because it’s difficult.
the beach when it’s empty.
6 I want to write a blog about how to be enjoyable /
fashionable and look cool.
2 Choose the correct words to complete the article.
explore vocabulary
able or -ible
Change the world adjectives ending in -
We can make some adjectives by adding the endings -able

in your slippers! or - ible to the verb or noun.
Noun Adjective
You can help make the world a better place – without comfort → comfortable
even leaving your bedroom! Choose from the hundreds

fashion → fashionable
of ideas on our website!
sense → sensible
A Play online games to
1 help out / raise money for a
2survey / charity with every point that you score.
memory → memorable
B Identify animals in photos from national parks, to

Verb Adjective
help park rangers
3 care for / contribute the species
enjoy → enjoyable
that live there.
4survey respond → respons ible

C Respond to a / poverty that helps doctors
learn more about the brain. suit → suitable
D Email a politician as part of a

5campaign / survey to understand → understandable
get more help for families living in

6poverty / charity.
E Explore the universe on your computer screen and
7 contribute / help out to NASA’s maps of space. Speak up

All these opportunities and more are just a click away.
8care for
6 Have you heard the saying ‘Reach for the stars!’? What do
If you’d like to / help out , then become a you think it means? When might you use it?
9volunteer / campaign today!
“If your dreams do not scare you, they are not big enough.” (Ellen JoŸson Sirleaf, 24th President of Liberia) 13
1 The true you
LISTENING 6 You hear a boy talking about someone he knows. In his
opinion, why are they no longer friends?
A Their interests became too different.
Power up B A hobby caused a problem between them.
C
1 Which of these things would you like to do? Why?
They stopped having lessons together.
7 You hear two friends talking about a young film-maker.

• get a Saturday job
What do they agree about him?
•
A
play in an important sports match
He’s made his films with lots of support from adults.
• climb a mountain
B He chose the best way to start in the business.
• make a successful movie

C He’s done something that isn’t easy to achieve.
8 You hear a mother talking to her daughter about her sports

Listen up kit. Which sentence best summarises the mother’s attitude?
2 1.5 Read the exam tip. Listen to two friends talking and
A She’s annoyed her daughter hasn’t been looking aﬅer it.
complete the task. B She’s upset that her daughter won’t be able to wear it.
C She’s sorry that she forgot to clean it.
exam tip: multiple choice

4 Work in pairs and read the sentences. What do the words
Sometimes a word or phrase from the recording may in bold mean? Can you think of any other sentences using
appear in an answer option but that doesn’t mean it’s these words? Use them to describe a situation you have
the correct answer. experienced.
Read question 1 in Ex 3 and listen to the first 1 It was a bit disappointing.
speakers. Which words from the options do you hear?

2 It was so embarrassing!
3
What is the correct answer?
Let’s hope he breaks a record in making movies!
4 I’m always spilling coffee on my shirt.
3 1.6 Listen to the other speakers (2–8) and choose

5 We hardly talk to each other now.
the correct answer, A, B or C.
6 I bet he gets a lot of help.
1 You hear a boy talking about an outdoor activity holiday.

7 We’ve got through to the final.
How did he feel about it?
A He was annoyed about the weather.

Speak up
B He was sorry he didn’t achieve everything he’d wanted.
C He felt silly that he didn’t bring warmer clothing. 5 When you are too busy to do everything that you want to
2
do, what do you prioritise? Make a list of things that you
You hear a girl talking to a friend about a performance.
have to or want to do this weekend. Which ones are the
Why is she unhappy about it?
most important? Number the items on your list, with 1
A She fell during the performance.
being the most important. Work in pairs and explain
B She failed her exam because of it. your answers.
C Her bad leg stopped her from dancing well.
3 You hear a boy telling a friend about an unusual trip he is
going on. What is he worried about?
A the cost of the trip
B feeling ill on the trip
C missing the trip
4 You hear a news story about a boy who likes fast food.
What has happened to him?
A What he wrote online has been shared 18 million times.
B A business has agreed to give him food for twelve
months.
C He’s become worried that he might get fat very quickly.
5 You hear a girl describing her part-time job. What
complaint does she have?
A The work can sometimes be a bit boring.
B She doesn’t like the uniform she has to wear.
C Her clothes oﬅen get dirty.
14
USE OF ENGLISH 1 3 Read the article and complete it with these words.
already ever for just never since still yet
1 Complete the jokes (1–6) with the sentences (A–F).
1 I’ve been singing since I was two years old.

1
2 Student: Do you tell students off for something they
Have you given up on your shopping trip
because you can’t find what you’re after? That was always
haven’t done?
happening to Mo Bridges until he learnt how to make his
Teacher: No, of course not.
2
own clothes. then he has turned his
Student:
hobby into a successful business producing his
3 Your dog’s been chasing a man on a bike.
favourite fashion accessory: bow ties. He’s sold
4 A crazy-looking guy asked me the time earlier.
thousands of ties and appeared several times
‘Ten past two,’ I said. ‘That’s funny,’ he replied. ‘ ’ 3
on TV, and he’s found out his
5 Dentist: What’s wrong? I haven’t even touched country’s best basketball teams have selected
your tooth yet. him as their official tie designer. So what’s next
Patient: for a fifteen-year-old who’s

4
6 Why are carrots good for the eyes? achieved so much? He’s planning to study
fashion design at college, because although he’s
A Don’t be silly. My dog’s never ridden a bike in its life!

been designing clothes
5
years, he
B Well, have you ever seen a rabbit wearing glasses?

6
hasn’t learnt everything! And his
C It’s not surprising you’ve lost your voice then. business hasn’t started selling suits and jackets
7
D I know, but you’re standing on my foot!
. That’s his main ambition. Most
8
people today have heard of Mo
E Good, because I haven’t done my homework.
Bridges, but that might soon change!
F I’ve been asking people all day and I’ve had different
answers each time!
2 Read the grammar box. Then read the jokes in Ex 1
again and find the present perfect tense in each one.

exam tip: key word transformation
You can’t use more than five words in a gap. Contractions
didn’t) count as two words, so it is helpful to use full forms

grammar
(e.g.
explore p144 to check how many words you have used (e.g. did not).
Look at question 1 in Ex 4. What full form is needed here?
present perfect simple
A for unspecified time in the past
I’ve learnt some new skills.

4 Read the exam tip and complete the task. Then rewrite the
sentences using the word given. Use between two and five
B with superlatives and it’s the first time words, including the word given.
It was the worst show I’ve ever been in.

1 I have never worn a bow tie before.
C for recently finished actions
TIME
I’ve just received an email.
This is the first a bow tie.
D for states that started in the past and continue now
2 He started to study fashion a year ago.
I’ve wanted to learn how to sail since I was eight.
STUDYING
E for actions in the past that have a present result
He a year.
We’ve got through to the final.
3 He’s a regular customer at our shop.
F to introduce a topic, followed by details in the past
COMES
simple
He our shop.
Have you ever been there? Yes, I went there last year.
4 It has been two years since I last saw you.
present perfect continuous SEEN
G for actions that started in the past and are still I two years.
continuing
5 She gave an interview on TV a short time ago.
I’ve been working there for two weeks.

JUST
H to emphasise that an activity has been going on for

She an interview on TV.
a long time
6 It annoys me when she forgets my name.
How long have they been lying there?
ALWAYS
She my name.
What did the tie say to the hat? ‘You go on ahead. I’ll just hang around.’ 15
1 The true you
USE OF ENGLISH 2 5 Complete the sentences with these words. Which statements do you
agree with? There is one word you do not need.
1 How important is being fashionable to you?

accessories bold casual cute feminine outfit pale smart
Do you follow fashion or create your own style?
1
2
clothes are nicer than dark ones.
Look at the photos of two young people. Match
the items (1–10) with the people (A–B). Three

2 Schools should let students wear any they want.
items match both photos. 3 Even boring clothes look great with the right .
1 bow 6 sleeve 4 Wear clothing in colours if you want to be seen.
2 hair clip 7 sticker 5 Clothes with cartoon characters on them are fun.
3 handbag 8 strap 6 Everyone looks better in something like a suit than in
4 hood 9 wig
clothes like jeans and T-shirts.
5 necklace 10 zip
3
exam tip:
1.7 Listen and check your answers.
4 Read the vocabulary box. How many other
Start by crossing out the answers that are definitely wrong and don’t
compound nouns can you think of? Work in pairs
fit the gap. Then read the sentence around the gap again. The words
and see who can write down the most.
before and aﬅer the gap can give you lots of clues.
explore vocabulary Look at gap 1 in the article. Which options are definitely wrong? Why?
compound nouns 7 Read the text and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
We can put two nouns together to make a
compound noun.
Some compound nouns are open, with a word
space in the middle. Others are closed.

There is one item of 1 that you can see in every
corner of the planet: denim jeans. The two men 2
bow tie, earring, hair clip,
raincoat, swimsuit, wedding ring

for the design of this fashion classic were Jacob Davis and
Levi Strauss, back in the 1870s. Their 3 were
miners and cowboys who wanted trousers 4
for hard work in the American West, and denim was perfect
because it was so strong. In the 1950s, teenagers who were
A 5 the movies saw their favourite actors wearing
jeans with leather jackets and copied their 6 .
Jeans had buttons at the front until the 1960s, but at that
point 7 became common. Today, the average
B person in the USA 8 seven pairs at any one time.
1 A clothes B clothing C fashion D style
2 A responsible B reliable C sensible D memorable
3 A salesmen B customers C workers D designers
4 A comfortable B fashionable C enjoyable D suitable
5 A onto B over C into D toward
6 A outfits B dress C set D accessory
7 A hoods B sleeves C zips D straps
8 A owns B uses C belongs D wears
Speak up
8 Work in pairs. What do you like/dislike about the fashion in the
photos? Give reasons.
16 The tiny pocket on jeans was designed as a place for workers to keep their pocket watch!
SPEAKING 5 Read questions 1–6 and match them with the
follow-up questions (A–F).
1 What do you usually do aﬅer school?
Power up 2 What sort of things are you interested in?
1 Which of these comments (A–F) are suitable to say to someone the first
3 Do you enjoy spending time at the beach?
time you have a conversation with them? 4 Do you ever go to the cinema?
5 What kind of clothes do you like to wear?

Hi, I’m (name). How’s it going?
A
Can I borrow some money?
6 Who do you spend time with in the holidays?
D
A What’s the best film you’ve seen recently?
What happens in it?
B
Great outfit! How
B What do like doing there?
much did it cost?
E What kind of music are you into? C What do you do together?
D What’s your favourite evening of the
week? Why?
What sort of things do E What’s your coolest outfit?

C I love your taste in clothes. Where
you do outside school?
F F How long have you been into that?
do you usually go shopping?
Speak up
2 Work in pairs. Practise introducing yourselves to each other, using the
6 Work in pairs. Read the exam tip and
suitable phrases in Ex 1 and any others you know.
complete the task.
3 Read the useful language. Add any other ideas you have to the list.
Share your ideas.

exam tip: interview p164
language:
Give plenty of information in your answers
useful to make them as interesting as possible. You
could include examples, reasons, opinions or

expressing likes and dislikes
extra details.
be interested in be keen on be good at can’t stand be into

Read this mini-dialogue. How could you make
a (big) fan of love like/don’t like hate
the answer more interesting?
A: What do you usually do aﬅer school?

giving extra information
B: I go home.
Actually, … In fact, … To be honest, … …, especially …
4 1.8 Listen to two young people talking about their interests and
7 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the
questions in Ex 5. Try to:
complete the texts. Which words or phrases from the useful language do
Adam and Belle use? • use the expressions in the useful language.
• give as much information as you can.

madA
1 2
I’m rock music, bands from
• use a follow-up question if your partner
the 1970s. I’m

3 more modern bands as well. pauses.
I don’t go to concerts very often,

4 – tickets are
so expensive. But I’m hoping to see my favourite Australian Speaking extra

band perform live soon, when they come here on tour.
5 , I should probably try to buy the tickets today.

8 Work in pairs or small groups. Throw a dice to
choose one of the subjects below, and have
a conversation about it. Aﬅer one minute,

elleB
6 , I buy a lot of my clothes and accessories

throw the dice again and start a different
second hand on the internet. I

7 spending a conversation.
lot of money on fashion, and

8 , it’s amazing
ambitions family food school

what people buy and never wear. Online auctions are great,
sport your home town
9 for things like coats. I really
10
going to charity shops too, although it takes a lot longer to
find something nice!
17
1 The true you
Every time I go to a city centre, I
4
There’s nothing in the countryside remember why I can’t stand humans.
WRITING
1
except boring plants and smelly animals.
The countryside – it’s a

5
Power up It’s impossible to relax in a big city.
big adventure playground.
2
1 Do you prefer to be active outdoors or do
indoor activities? Do you like spending time

6 No one can get bored in a city.
with others or spending time alone?
I couldn’t live more than a
2 Which of these opinions do you agree with?

3
kilometre from a shopping mall.
Why? Discuss your ideas in pairs.
Plan on
3 Read the essay task. Work in pairs and discuss whether you agree with
the quote, and why. What idea could you add for the third point?
‘City life is better than life in the countryside.’ Do you agree?
Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
Notes
Write about:
• transport
• things to do
• (your own idea)
4 Read a student’s essay written for the task in Ex 3. Are any of his
arguments the same as yours?
A Many people enjoy living in a city because they think life is more 5 Read the essay again and match the headings
exciting there. However, I’ve always lived in a small village in the (1–5) with the paragraphs in the essay (A–E).
countryside and, in my view, there are lots of benefits. 1 conclusion 4 things to do
2 introduction 5 another idea
B Since there is less traffic in the countryside than in the city, the air is 3 transport
much cleaner. As a result, people are healthier. Some of my friends find

it difficult to get around owing to the lack of public transport, but I am 6 Complete the language box with the words
and phrases in bold in the essay. Then answer

into mountain biking, so I just ride my bike. the questions.
C The countryside is also great if you like being active, as there are so
many sports that you can do. For a mountain biker like me, a city would explore language
be a very inconvenient place to live!
giving a reason
D In addition, I believe country people are friendlier than city people. My because
cousins live in a city and, due to their busy lifestyle, they do not even
know their neighbours, whereas everyone in my village knows each explaining a result
other. as a result
E To sum up, people in the countryside are healthier and have more fun 1 Which of the words and phrases are followed
than city people. Therefore, I disagree that city life is better. by a subject + verb?
2 Which of them are followed by a noun?
Alessandro Rossi 3 Which join two clauses?
4 Which introduce a new sentence?
18
Write on
8 Work in pairs. Read this task and discuss your opinions. What could
you write for the three points?
Some people say city life is bad for young people.
What’s your opinion?
Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your
point of view.
Notes
Write about:
• pollution
• your own idea
• entertainment
9 Read the exam tip and answer the question.
exam tip: opinion essays p167
Remember that you must include in your essay the two points
mentioned in the exam task, and also your own idea. It is oﬅen
helpful to have a separate paragraph for each of the three points.
If you have a paragraph for each point, how many paragraphs will
your essay have in total?
10 Plan your essay using your ideas from Ex 8. Use this checklist to
make sure you include everything.
7 Choose the correct words to complete the

Organise your ideas into paragraphs.
sentences. Which sentences support the
opinion that city life is better than life in the Choose linking phrases that you would like to use.
countryside?
Think of any useful phrases and vocabulary that you could use.
1 I like city life because / so there’s always

First paragraph: Introduce the topic and give an idea of your
something to do.
main opinion.
2 Since / Due to the lack of green spaces in my

Next paragraph(s): Give reasons for your opinions, mentioning
neighbourhood, we can’t have a dog.
the subjects from the task and your own idea. Explain and
3 There are always lots of concerts in the city so /

support your reasons.
as it would be a great place to live.
Last paragraph: Give your overall conclusion.
4 My city is quite dangerous. As a result /
Because, I have to be careful when I go out
with friends.
11 Write your essay for the task in Ex 8 in 140–190 words, using your
5 Since / Therefore the streets are always full of plan from Ex 10 and the exam tip to help you.
traffic, they’re noisy and polluted.
6 For me, the countryside is boring due to / as I Improve it

don’t enjoy peace and quiet.
7 My neighbourhood attracts a lot of visitors as a

12 Read your essay carefully. Then think about these questions.
result / owing to its cool clothes shops. 1 Does your essay have a clear structure, with an introduction, three
8 I’ve always lived in a city. Owing to / Therefore,

points and a conclusion?
I would find living in a village very strange. 2 Have you written in a formal style?
3 Have you used suitable linking words?
13 Swap your essay with a partner. Ask them to check your work for
any mistakes (e.g. grammar, spelling, word order).
Many people from cities in China like to go on ‘lung-washing’ holidays in the countryside to breathe clean air. 19
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Self-assessment
1 Which of these activities are types of
self-assessment?
1 Identifying things you are already doing well.
2 Identifying areas you need to improve.
3 Deciding on achievable goals to work on.
4 Getting feedback on your work from your
teacher.
SWITCH ON
5 Reflecting on the progress you have made.
6 Identifying the learning techniques which
have worked well for you, and those that
have been less successful.
7 Doing a test that your teacher will mark.
Circus squad
8 Deciding on the best strategies to use in
1 Work in pairs. Can you think of any famous groups that do acrobatics or
order to achieve your learning goals.
circus skills? What kinds of things might these groups do? Make a list.
2 Complete the statements about
2
self-assessment with these words and
Watch the clip. What does each of the people like most about being
phrases.
in the circus squad?
Speaker 1
choose improve independent
Speaker 2 positive responsible understand
Speaker 3
Self-assessment helps students to:
3 Watch again. Work in pairs and answer the questions.

1 be for their own learning.
1 One member says the circus is a way to ‘escape our bubble that we 2 become and able to learn
live in’. What do you think she means? Can you think of any examples without help from others.
of ‘bubbles’ from your own life?

3 feel about the progress that
2 What activities do the members do? Are they similar or different to your they are making.
answers to Ex 1?
4 what is required of them.
3 The circus is described as a ‘supportive network’ that helps to build

5 the learning strategies that
trust. Can you think of any other activities or places where young
work best for them.
people might have a similar experience?
6 more quickly.
4 How long are members in the squad before they perform in front of
an audience?
3 Work in pairs. Which of the self-assessment
activities in Ex 1 do you already do? Discuss

4 Would you like to try any of the activities you saw in the video?
how useful you find them. Which do you think
Why/Why not?
will be most useful in the future?
4 Now look at one of the lessons from this unit
Project and identify two things you did well and two
things you need to focus on more.
5 Work in groups to design a poster advertising an activity centre for

Things I did well are:
young people.
1
1 Research different groups for young people in your area. Decide on
the type of centre you would like to advertise.

2
2
Things I can focus on are:
Make a list of the activities at the centre and the benefits for young
people. What new skills might they learn? 1

3 Create your poster. Divide the group into pairs to write and design 2
the advert.
4 Present your poster to the class.
20
UNIT CHECK
raise money (phr) handbag (n) desperate (adj )
Wordlist
survey (n) hood (n) disappointing (adj)
Follow your dream

volunteer (n) necklace (n) disturb (v)
-able and
be worth it (phr )
outfit (n) embarrassing ( adj)
Adjectives with
chat to sb (phr)
-ible pale (adj) final (n)
encourage (v)
comfortable sleeve (n) hardly (adv)
get into (phr v)

enjoyable smart (adj) pretty (adv)
give up on (phr v)
fashionable sticker (n) put on (phr v)
incredible (adj)
memorable strap (n) saddle (n)
put off (phr v)
responsible wig (n) shot (n)
relaxing (adj)
sensible zip (n) sleep in (phr v)
scary (adj)
suitable spill (v)
Compound nouns
stressful (adj)
understandable worm (n)
bow tie
take pride in (phr)
Clothes and accessories earring Extra
tiring (adj)
accessories (n) raincoat ahead of (phr)
Helping others
bold (adj) swimsuit aim (v)
campaign (n)
bow (n) wedding ring ambition (n)
care for (phr v)

casual (adj) be aﬅer (phr)
Other
charity (n)
cute (adj ) could do with (phr)
bet (v)
contribute (v)
feminine (adj) feel like (phr)
break a record (phr)
help out (phr v)
hair clip (n)
come across (phr v)
poverty (n)
Practice
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words 3 Read the article and complete it with words from the
in brackets. wordlist.
1
2
I love looking aﬅer kids. It’s really
Anneka is extremely
she’ll be OK.
(enjoy).
(sense), so I’m sure

Gandys flip flops
3 Running that far was very (tired), but I’m
People start businesses for many different
glad I did it.
reasons. For brothers Rob and Paul Forkan,
4 They’re looking for someone (rely) to help 1
it was to money for children
at the football club.
who had lost their families and homes
5 Appearing on TV was OK – it wasn’t too
in a tsunami and were living in terrible
(stress).
2
. The boys decided to sell
6 I find painting quite (relax).
flip flops. Soon they had their own designs
2 Find words from the wordlist to match these definitions. in bright,

3
colours for these
4
1 This is a smart and is worn around the neck: summer shoes, and with a simple
5
2 This can replace hair:
across the top of the foot which felt really .
6
3 On a shirt, these go over your arms:
People loved them, and they became very –
4 You pull this to bring two pieces of fabric together:

everyone wanted a pair. Due to the shoes’ amazing success,
the brothers have been able to build a new school for kids in
7
5 This is the part of a coat that goes over your head:
Sri Lanka. They now sell bags and other ,
and some casual summer clothing. Has all the hard work
8
6 This goes on your finger to show that you are married: been it? You bet!
21
UNIT CHECK
Review
1 Choose the correct answer, A or B. 4 1.10 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
1 My sister is chatting to her boyfriend on the phone.

the verbs in brackets. Then listen again and check your
answers.
It’s so annoying!
A oﬅen B always
1 Liz and Ben’s family (enjoy) helping animals
for years.
2 He usually the bus, but today his mum is giving him
a liﬅ into school.

2 Liz and Ben (like) helping at the sanctuary.
A is catching B catches
3 Liz (not wear) her favourite outfits at home.
3 Our boots dirtier and dirtier in this muddy field.

4 Her clothes (not stay / usually) clean for long.
A are getting B get

5 For the last few weeks, Ben (care) for a baby
deer.
4 I think I this grammar question now.
6 Their father (tell / always) them to be
A am understanding B understand
careful with money, which can be annoying.
5 The students to get high marks in the exam.

7 In general, things (get) better now.
A are aiming B aim
6 works as a volunteer at a kids’ club.

5 Complete the article with one word in each gap.
Cold Adventures
A Rachel on Saturdays B On Saturdays, Rachel
2 Read the conversation between a mum and her daughter.
Choose the correct answers to complete it.
1 I’ve
Have you 1 dreamt of seeing polar bears
in the Arctic or penguins in the Antarctic? Most of us
A: Jessie, hurry up – dinner’s on the table! called /
I’ve been calling you for the last five minutes!
B: Sorry!
2 never wanted to go places like that because
2 have they’re too cold. But fifteen-year-old Jade Hameister
not have the same ambitions as the rest of
A: So, what you done / have you been doing?
3
3
B: I’ve read / I’ve been reading a book – The Lord of the
Rings. I’m on the fiﬅh chapter now. It’s brilliant!

4 Have you
us. She’s been interested in these extreme environments
ever read / Have you ever been reading it?
4 she was very young. For years, she’s
A: No, but dad and I saw the films when they came out.
5 aiming to become the youngest person
5
We’ve never seen / We’ve never been seeing the last one to reach both the North and South Poles and to cross
though. We must watch it some time. But come on! We’re Greenland. She’s 6 completed the first part
all hungry. Your brother
6
has sat / has been sitting here
of the challenge: skiing 150km to the North Pole.
for ages!
That 7 last year, and amazingly,
3 1.9 Listen to Liz and Ben talking about their the minus-forty-degree temperatures didn’t put
family’s animal sanctuary. Tick the things that her off. She’s just started her second journey, and
are a problem for them. 8 currently skiing across Greenland,
A ill animals a distance of 540km. Good luck, Jade!
B annoying visitors
C volunteers
D early mornings
6 Write a short blog post about clothes
or fashion. You could include these

E money
subjects or your own ideas:
F dirty clothes
• what you wear in different seasons
• how long you’ve had your favourite
items of clothing
• clothing that has become fashionable
recently
• fashions that annoy you
22
Seeing is
believing.
2
Look at the photo and discuss the questions.
1 Do you believe everything you hear or read?
Why/Why not?
2 What unusual stories have you heard about
recently?
3 Where can you get reliable news and
information?
You’ll never believe this …

topic: weird stories describing things; key word transformation topic: when things go wrong
strong adjectives, phrases

skill: checking options against word formation skill: using interesting language
the text adverbs

SPEAKING task: story

LISTENING topic: challenging activities SWITCH ON
GRAMMAR topic: avoiding telling the truth and situations
video: lion in London
past tenses skill: managing the exam task, skill: describing similarities
project: research amazing
using the first and second and differences
comparative and superlative animal stories
listening
forms: adjectives and adverbs task: long turn
23
2 You’ll never believe this …
READING
Power up
W E I R D
1 Where do you usually read news stories?
STORIES
What sort of stories do you like best? Why?
2 The article is about unusual news stories. Look

by Rob Thompson
at the picture. What kind of story do you think
it describes?
Read on
3 Read the headings from the article (1–6). What do
you think each heading is about?
1 Funny faces? 4 Not-so-perfect robots
2 Just chilling! 5 Round-up
3 Moo ... ve it! 6 Scared of heights? A I thought this picture was brilliant and I had to laugh. Early last week,
there were more delays than usual on certain train lines in the south
4 Read the article quickly and match the headlines of England. Why was this? Rush hour had just begun when a herd of
in Ex 3 (1–6) with the paragraphs (A–F). Were your escaped cows found their way into a local railway station. Commuters
predictions correct? and other travellers were surprised when they saw all these cows
that were hanging around on the platform! Then of course they had
5 Read the exam tip and complete the task. to wait for several hours … One cow fell onto the tracks while the
railway employees were attempting to move them off the platform but

fortunately they all made it safely back to their farm.
Skim-read the text quickly to get a general idea

B How about this wacky idea? Designers in a New York architecture firm
have produced drawings of a new style of skyscraper – one that would

of what it is about. Then focus on the individual
hang from an asteroid and then, amazingly, travel thousands of miles
questions. The questions are always in the same
each day over the continents. People could then parachute off when
order as the information in the text.
their destination was reached. The skyscraper would have solar panels
Look at question 1 in Ex 6. In which part of the
for heating, a system for recycling water and sections for offices,
text does the writer mention a problem? Can you
agriculture and living areas. It looks really cool for those who have a
find the answer by reading that section? If not,
head for heights but terrifying for those who don’t. This might sound
check which option best matches the information
like something out of a movie, but imagine if it becomes possible!
you find.
6 Read the article again. For questions 1–6, choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D.)
1 What does Rob say about the problem at the railway station? 4 Why does Rob mention historical buildings in paragraph D?
A The railway workers didn’t do their job properly. A to point out that nothing changes throughout history
B The farms were too close to the railway station. B to contrast the buildings with progress in computer
C The passengers complained about the journey time.

technology
D The trains were oﬅen late in that particular area.

C to show how much more interesting they were
2 What was most unusual about the new skyscraper design?

D to give examples of similar activities in the past
A You can travel to different countries in it.

5 How did Rob feel about the robot story?
B You can make your home in it.

A worried that robots are not as intelligent as we thought
C You can have a great view from it.

B surprised that training robots is so difficult
D You can enjoy solar heating in it.

C frightened by the things that can go wrong with robots
3 What does Rob say about the iceberg?

D excited by the latest developments with robots
A It was in a group of a hundred or more icebergs.

6 What does Rob say in the last paragraph?
B It was a great opportunity for him to take a selfie.

A He is running out of ideas to write about.
C It was difficult for him to imagine its size.

B He rarely reads newspapers.
D It was dangerous for ships in the area.

C He reports news in a different way.
D He wants to learn more about his readers.
24 The BBC made up a news story on April Fools day, 1957, about spaghetti growing on trees.
C A town in Newfoundland, Canada, recently had what you might E Now for an update about robot experiments. One news item
call a ‘huge visitor’: a massive iceberg. At fifteen storeys high, it involved a robot lady in China. Researchers had spent three
was the biggest iceberg the residents had ever seen. I can’t quite years developing her ability to have a conversation with
get my head around that, can you? The iceberg just appeared humans. However, when an interviewer asked her questions,
unusually close to the land so loads of people turned up to have she would hesitate a lot. She didn’t even know how many
a look. That would certainly make a great selfie! Normally, the letters there were in the English alphabet – and that was after
people who live in that part of Canada – which is near where three years! Also, when he asked her where the Great Wall
the Titanic sank, by the way – are not surprised by the sight of was in China, she replied, ‘China!’ Back to robot school for her!
icebergs since they see hundreds every season. None quite this
big, though.
F That’s it for now. I hope you have enjoyed my weekly pick
of stories from the press. I had thought of simply choosing
D Most of us have learnt about the Ancient Egyptians in our history ‘normal’ news stories but while I was doing research, I realised
lessons, and the way they used to cover their royal tombs and that the media – TV, radio and newspapers – concentrated
temples with detailed pictures of their culture and everyday life. on rather negative issues. So I tried to discover sources of
Then, in more recent history, there are the funny stone faces lighter news from around the world that would give us a more
called gargoyles on places like Notre Dame in Paris. And now, positive view of things. For next week’s content, I’m asking
a Dutch architect has decorated the outside of a building with readers to send in their favourite choices and I’ll choose the
concrete emojis. As a way of representing our twenty-first- best ones for my site. There’ll also be a mystery prize, so
century culture, it’s not a bad idea. What do you think? get looking!
7 Find these words (1–9) in the article and match them with the 8 Work in pairs. Write three sentences including
meanings (A–I). all of the words (1–9) from Ex 7.
1 commuters (para A) 6 tomb (para D)
2 employees (para A) 7 represent (para D) Sum up

3 8
attempt (para A) hesitate (para E)
9 Work in pairs and tell each other a few facts
4 wacky (para B) 9 pick (n) (para F) from the stories you read about. Which one
5 loads of (para C) did you like best?
A people who work for a particular company or organisation
B pause because you are not certain

Speak up
C show or describe something
10 Think of a piece of news you have heard
D people who regularly travel to work recently and write down a funny headline
E place where people buried someone who had died, usually

for it. Just using the headline, the rest of the
class has to guess what it is about.

someone important
F try to do something
I think that …
G something you choose

Maybe it is about …
H unusual in an interesting way

Is it … ?
I a large quantity
25
GRAMMAR 3
1
2.2 Watch or listen again and complete the sentences.
I was running and, I and then I cut my knee.
1 Read the grammar box. Then match the 2 My family and I, we to go to Japan on holiday and the day
examples (1–7) with the tense uses (A–G). before the holiday, I to lose my passport.
1 While I was doing research, I realised that

3 I thought I everything I needed. Turns out I
my calculator.
the media concentrated on negative issues.
2 It was the biggest iceberg they had ever seen.

4 But as I , I slipped and I managed to turn myself to the
side as I down the pontoon.

3 When he asked her where the Great Wall
was in China, she replied ‘China’.

4 Read the conversation between two friends and choose the correct verb
4 The Ancient Egyptians used to decorate forms to complete it.
their royal tombs. 1

A: Did you hear / Had you heard what happened to Jessica yesterday? She
5 The escaped cows were hanging around . 2

locked / had locked herself out of her house!
6 Rush hour had just begun when a herd of B: Ha, ha! How
3
did she manage / had she managed to do that?
escaped cows found their way into a local

A: She’d gone into the kitchen to get some ice cream when her dog
railway station. 4 5
ran / had run outside! She forgot / had forgotten to shut the front door!
7 One cow fell onto the tracks while the

B: Was the dog OK?
railway employees were moving them.
6 7
A: Yes, she went / had gone aﬅer the dog and picked / had picked him up.
8 9
grammar
But by then the door had shut / shut behind her, so she waited / had
explore p146 waited for an hour until her dad came home!
10
B: I don’t believe it! Did she eat / Had she eaten her ice cream in the end?
past tenses 11
A: No, when she finally got inside again, it melted / had melted!
past simple
A for finished actions or events in the past,

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of ‘used to’ or ‘would’.
Sometimes both are possible.

or a sequence of actions
1 They live in London but now they’ve moved to Scotland.
2 The Ancient Greeks meet in the marketplace and discuss
past continuous the issues of the day.
B for actions in progress in the past and 3 I (not) like going up high buildings but now I don’t mind.
temporary situations
4 My parents work in the city but now they work from home.
C for an action interrupted by another action

6 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
in the past
Practice makes perfect!

D to give the background or set the scene for
an action or event, oﬅen with while I1 (read) a tech blog the other day when
I 2 (notice) an ad for a table tennis robot!
I 3 (never / see) anything like that before!
past perfect ( had + past participle) You see, table tennis is one of my favourite hobbies. In fact,
E for actions, events and situations that I 4 (no lose) a match at school until my friend
happened before another past action Cheng came along! If I had this robot, I could practise for hours!
‘Mum! How about buying me this robot for my birthday?’
F with ever/never + superlative adjectives I 5 (ask) hopefully. Mum 6 (take) one look
at the price and 7 (shake) her head. ‘Sorry, Tom, it’s
too expensive. Anyway, why don’t you go around to Cheng’s house to
used to/would practise your table tennis anymore? You 8 (almost / live)
G used to/didn’t use to for repeated past there at one point.’ ‘Yes, I know, Mum,’ I answered. ‘But then he started
actions, habits and states; would for past winning all the time!’
actions and habits only
Speak up
2 2.1 Watch or listen to some young

7 Think about an unusual story you heard recently. Write some
people talking about their experiences. How notes about it and add some extra details to it. Work in pairs,
are their situations similar? share stories and guess which parts of the stories were
real and which weren’t.
26
VOCABULARY 3 Choose three strong adjectives from the text in Ex 2 and use them to
give your opinion about any local events you have been to recently.
describing things I went to an amazing exhibition recently at our school and I thought it
was fantastic. Some of the paintings were awesome .
1 Read the vocabulary box. Work in pairs and
add any other strong adjectives you know to 4 Read the text about an unusual job. Complete each gap with the correct
the list. Share your ideas with the class. form of one of these phrases. There are two phrases you do not need.
explore vocabulary find your way get your head around
have a head for heights

hang around
have to laugh
hang out
turn up
tennis pro
strong adjectives
Use strong adjectives to describe experiences, A true

places or things. They will make what you say
more interesting and dramatic. ‘The sky’s the limit’, they say in sports, and Rufus is a bird who certainly
a big iceberg → a massive iceberg
1
. Rufus works at the Wimbledon Tennis Championships and
a good photo → a brilliant photo he has over 9,000 followers on Twitter. I 2 when I heard that!
So what exactly does Rufus do? Well, his job as soon as he 3
in the morning is to chase away any birds that 4 in the
2 2.3 A teen reporter is talking about some
hope of finding worms. Every day during the championships, Rufus has to
local events. Read what he says and choose
the correct words. Then listen and check your

work hard from 5 a.m. to keep the courts clear for the players. He quickly
answers.
discovered the places where the birds preferred to 5 and he
does a good job of chasing them away. According to his trainer, the trick is
Well, I had a fantastic fortnight over the to make sure that Rufus isn’t too hungry – otherwise he might try to eat
school holiday going around local events and one or two!
writing reports for our school newspaper. My
favourite was going to a rock concert – the
bands were totally

1
awesome / disgusting!
5 Complete the questions with phrases from Ex 4. Then ask and answer
in pairs.
And I’m not saying that because my brother
plays in one of them! Everyone gave an

1 Have you got ? How do you know?
epic performance. On the other end of 2 Where do you and your friends usually
the scale was the dog show – groan. That ?
really was bad, but I had to stay till the end 3 If you’re going somewhere you haven’t been before, how do you normally
since my aunt was showing her poodle … ?

2
A ridiculous / brilliant waste of time, poor 4 What particular facts do you find it difficult to
dogs! Anyway, the less said about that, the ? Why?
better. Let’s move on quickly to a street
food festival. Now that was amazing! I tried

Speak up
loads of different types of great food from
Asian to Caribbean to Chinese and it was all 6 Work in pairs and talk about your favourite animal memes or videos.
3 How many strong adjectives can you use to describe them?
delicious / awful. What else? Oh yes, my
friends wanted me to try Motocross – you
know, off-road motorcycle racing? Well,
I admit I found it a bit 4 terrifying / terrific –

game on
though I’m not going to tell my friends that – Work in groups. Start a chain story using the sentence below. Each person
takes a turn to add to the story, repeating all of the story that has been
but at the same time, brilliant. I’d do it again,
created so far before adding a new sentence.
that’s for sure.
Each new sentence must include at least one
strong adjective.
You won’t believe what happened to me last week!
Over 250 ball boys and ball girls from local schools (BBGs) help out at Wimbledon every year. 27
LISTENING Listen up
Power up
1 Can you think of any situations when it might

exam tip: multiple matching
be acceptable to do these things? Think of real It’s important to read through all the statements before you listen so
examples for each situation. you know what you’re listening for.
• tell a lie as a joke The first time you listen, note down all possible answers so you can
• shock someone by telling them an unpleasant check them again the second time.
truth
Read the instructions and statements (A–H) in Ex 7.
• not be completely truthful (for example, about Speaker 1 says: I thought it would be simpler to hide my thoughts than
your feelings) to disagree with him. Which reasons do you think might match with
that statement?
2 Match these words and phrases with the pictures
(A–H) which show things that happen when you
avoid telling the truth. 7 2.7 Listen to five people talking about situations when they
didn’t tell the truth. Match the speakers (1–5) with the reasons why they
go red hesitate laugh nervously look away guiltily didn’t tell the truth (A–H). There are three extra ones you do not need.
rub your nose speak quickly sweat touch your mouth

A I had to make an excuse for my behaviour. Speaker 1
B I was trying not to spoil a surprise. Speaker 2
3 2.4 Listen to a presenter introducing a TV

C I didn’t want to hurt someone else’s feelings. Speaker 3
D
game show. Which three signs of lying from Ex 2
I had to hide my feelings to remain strong. Speaker 4
does he mention?
E It was a way to get a better result than other people. Speaker 5
4 2.5 Listen to three people telling anecdotes on F It was the best way to avoid an argument.
the game show. Guess which anecdotes are lies

G I didn’t want my friend to get into trouble.
and which are true.
H It was important for me to belong to the group.
5 2.6 Work in pairs. Listen to the speakers
revealing the truth and check your answers to Ex 4. Speak up
8 Have you ever been in a situation where you’ve tried to try avoid
hurting someone’s feelings? What did you say? Work in pairs and
share your experiences. Make a list of words and phrases together
Signs of a lie that you could use in those situations.
A B C D
E F G H
28 ‘A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.’
USE OF ENGLISH 1 3 Complete the text with the correct form of the
adjectives in brackets.
1 Read the grammar box and make comparisons about

Lori Mae Hernandez is a talented stand-up
these topics using forms from the box. 1
comedian. She was one of (quiet)
2
1 maths and English at school kids in her class and her (bad)
2 summer and winter as seasons

nightmare was being the centre of attention.
‘But then,’ she says, ‘my dad became ill and
grammar
couldn’t use the muscles down one side of his
explore p146 face and it was a lot

3
(difficult)
for him to smile.’ Because of that, Lori overcame
her
4 (big) fear and started
comparative and superlative forms: adjectives and
writing jokes to tell him. Nothing was as
adverbs
5
(good) the day a year later when
A Comparative adjectives and adverbs compare two people or things.
her father finally smiled at her jokes.
That made it easier for me to cope – and eventually, to move on.
4
A friendship, in my view, is more important than a football team.
Read the exam tip and complete the task.
B Superlative adjectives and adverbs compare one person or thing in
exam tip:
a group with others in the same group.
key word transformation

In fact, it’s one of the best schools in the country.
C Use too and ( not) enough with adjectives and adverbs. Remember that you cannot change the word given.
However, you will need to make other changes in

Everyone thought that I was definitely good enough to get in.
the sentences. For example, negative verbs can
I was too nervous to play as well as I usually do.
change to positive verbs or the other way round.
D Use ( not) as … as with adjectives and adverbs to compare two Look at question 2 in Ex 5. Will the answer have a
people or things.
positive or negative meaning?
I wanted to show the other kids that I was as good as they were.
I was too nervous to play as well as I usually do.
E Adverbs of degree make the comparison stronger (e.g. much, far,

5 Rewrite the sentences using the word given.
Use between two and five words, including the

a lot) or weaker (a bit, a little, slightly). word given.
I hit the ball much better than I expected.

1 Jo didn’t use to be so confident.
F Comparisons between clauses or phrases are also possible.
THAN
It would be simpler to hide my thoughts than to disagree with him.
Jo is to be.
2 The comedian’s jokes were less funny than they
2 Read the jokes below and then complete questions 1–2 with these were previously.
words. There are two extra words you do not need.

AS
The comedian’s jokes

as better far funniest least more than
they were previously.
3 The food at the party disappeared extremely quickly.

Q: Why are insects clever?
FAR
A: They always know when you’re eating outside!
The food at the party
Q: How do all the oceans say hello to each other? than expected.
A: They wave! 4 Her singing was so good that she won the contest.
ENOUGH
Q: What did one wall say to the other wall?
She to win
A: I’ll meet you at the corner!
the contest.
5
Q: Where do cows go for entertainment?
My friend Karl tries harder than everyone else in
A: To the moo-vies!
his acting classes. .
1 What do you think of these jokes?

HARD
a They are all as bad each other.

No one tries
in his acting classes.

b Some are much better others.
6 I hadn’t been to a comedy show before.
c I know some better ones.
2
FIRST
Which do you find the and the
It was been
funny?
to a comedy show.
29
USE OF ENGLISH 2 Rosanna Garcia from Indiana, USA, has just given our
reporters an update about a strange animal. One evening
last week, Rosanna 1saw something which 2was moving
1 What is an ‘urban myth’? Do you know any about noisily through the bushes. A few minutes later, she
where you live or in your country? noticed that a small, ugly creature 3was looking at her
suspiciously with its red eyes. Rosanna was so scared
2 Read the article. Replace the highlighted verbs that she 4let go of her phone. She 5shouted anxiously
or phrases in bold with the correct form of and 6moved her hands, but the creature
these verbs. 7stayed there. Finally, she threw a stone and
the creature ran away. Rosanna thinks it

confirm crash drop hurry remain was a chupacabra – a creature which kills
spot stare wave yell goats and other animals. Afterwards, she
8
went quickly inside and sat nervously by
the window. Now she could 9say that the
rumours she had heard were true …
5
vocabulary
explore
adverbs
exam tip: word formation
A Adverbs of manner usually come aﬅer the main

Think carefully before you write your answer. Some words will need
more than one change.

verb or aﬅer the object, if there is one.
Look at gap 1 in Ex 6. Check how the missing word fits in the

anxiously, carefully, happily, quietly
B
sentence: is it a noun, verb, adjective or adverb? What type of ending
Adverbs of frequency usually come before the
will you need?
main verb, but aﬅer the verbs be and have.
frequently, oﬅen, never
C Adverbs and adverbial phrases of place or time

6 Complete the article with the correct form of the words in capitals.
oﬅen come at the end of a clause.
Unbelievable
at the end of, here, outside, overnight,
under, yesterday
– or not?
Some can come at the beginning of a clause for
‘Urban myths’ are one thing but there are also many
emphasis.
stories about creatures that live in water. No doubt

Finally, … / Later on, …
you’ve all heard of the Loch Ness monster, or the
giant man-eating shark in Jaws and of many other
3 Read the vocabulary box and find more examples 1

monsters. One that is based on MYSTERY
of adverbs (A–C) in the text in Ex 2. 2 , however, is that of the Kraken, a REAL
huge sea monster which people in the past said could

4 Complete the table.
3
eat up a whole ship and its crew! EASY
noun adjective adverb

4
, none of us will ever get to meet HOPE
nerve(s)
1 2 5
such a and frightening creature. MASS
3 hopeful hopefully However, sea monsters really do exist, in the form of
truth truthful
4 giant squid that live at the bottom of our oceans and
6
battle with other deep-sea creatures. FREQUENT
5
noise noisily
The giant squid is a 7 swimmer with POWER
6
suspicion suspiciously
eyes as big as frisbees! It attacks whales but the
7 8 8
frequency squid doesn’t have enough muscle to STRONG
9 win, so it eventually has to swim away in a cloud of ink.

final final
Speak up
7 What other strange creatures or legends have you heard of? Work in
pairs and describe them to each other.
30 There are around 200,000 searches about Scotland’s Loch Ness Monster on Google every month.
A
SPEAKING
Power up
1 Work in pairs would you find these things
challenging? Why/why not?
1 go to a scary movie
2 put a film of yourself singing online
3 go white-water raﬅing
4 give a talk to the whole school
5 look aﬅer your friend’s Rottweiler
for the weekend
6 go zip-wiring across a river
2 Imagine how you would feel if you did any of the activities 5 Work in pairs. Take it in turns to talk about your photos
in Ex 1. Write down three or four adjectives to describe on your own for one minute. Then answer a question about
possible feelings. your partner’s photos.
3
Student A’s photos are on page 173.
2.8 Listen to a student talking about photos A and B.
Student B’s photos’s are on page 177.
Choose the words or phrases he uses.
1 Well, the main similarity / the first similarity between the
two photos is that they both show people in situations

Speaking extra
6
that might be difficult.
Work in pairs. Choose photo A or B and tell a story about
2 In photo A, the boy isn’t in a difficult situation physically,
what is happening in the photo. Then do the same for the
however / but he might be nervous about speaking to the
other photo. Share your ideas with the class.
other students.
3 In photo B, ... they look as if / as though they’re having fun
but you still need to be fit.
useful language: comparing photos
Both photos show …/They both show …
The main difference/similarity is (that) …
Another difference/similarity is (that) …
The people in the first photo might find it difficult to …
But the people in the second photo …
In one photo … , but/whereas in the other photo …
In this photo … However, in that photo …
as well/too/also
B
Speak up
exam tip: long turn p165
When you have to compare two photos, talk about the
similarities and differences between them before you
discuss the points mentioned. Don’t simply describe each
photograph separately. Before you speak, start by finding
at least one point about them that is similar and one that is
different.
Look at photos A and B. What is different or similar about
them? Quickly make a list.
31
WRITING Plan on
2 Read the advert for a story. What would you write about?
Power up
1 Have these things ever happened to

Our school magazine is looking for
you? Do you panic if they happen to you? new writers to send us stories.
Share your ideas with the class.
• You forget arrangements.

Your story must begin with this sentence:
• You drop things. My week was going badly and I was starting to panic.
• You leave a mess behind you. Your story must include:
• You can’t think clearly.

an invitation an accident
• You can’t find things.
The two best stories will be published in our winter issue.
3 Read a story written by a student. Which points from Ex 2 did they
include? Could you add anything else?
A difficult week
My week was going badly and I was starting
to panic. I had spent all the previous weekend
reading a fantastic book. As a result, I had done
my homework in a hurry and it was seriously bad.
My teacher was getting worried. ‘Is everything OK,
Leo?’ she asked me on Monday.
‘Yes, fine thanks,’ I replied. ‘I’m sorry, it won’t
happen again.’
On Wednesday, I suddenly remembered that my
friend Molly had invited me to the school disco on
Friday but I hadn’t replied! And I’d forgotten to go
to basketball training the night before because
I was catching up with homework. My life was
getting complicated and I felt as though a black
cloud was hanging over me.
Eventually, on Wednesday evening, I got a text
message while I was brushing my teeth. I saw
Molly’s name but my phone slipped out of my
hand and fell into the washbasin. I spent the next
ten minutes drying the phone and wiping off the
toothpaste!
Luckily, my phone worked OK, I texted Molly and
we went to the disco. Unfortunately, she also lent
me the next book in the series …
32
4 The writer uses different ways of describing people’s feelings, opinions Write on
and actions. Find more examples in the story for these groups.
8 Read the advert for a story. Work in pairs
1 adjectives: fantastic,
and discuss some ideas for the two points
2 adverbs: badly, mentioned, using these questions to help you.
3 interesting verbs: panic, 1 How could a train journey go wrong? What
might happen?
5 Rewrite the sentences to make them more interesting. Use one
adjective and one adverb in each sentence.

2 Imagine going for a meal out. Think of some
accidents that could happen.

1 I got up, picked up my school bag and leﬅ the house.
2 He sat down in the armchair and read a book.

Our school magazine is looking for
new writers to send us stories.
3 She walked to the park, where she talked to her friends.
Your story must begin with this sentence:

4 They watched a film on TV while they waited for the phone to ring.
The day when everything went wrong was
last Saturday.
6 Read the definition of a simile and answer the questions below.
Your story must include:
a train journey
Simile (noun) A simile is an expression that describes something
by comparing it with something else, using the words ‘as’ or ‘like’.
a meal out
The two best stories will be published

1 Find a simile in the story.
2 Why might you use a simile?

in our winter issue.
3 What is the problem in using too many when you write a story?
7 Match the similes (1–3) with these feelings. More than one answer
is possible.
excitement happiness panic pride sadness satisfaction shock stress exam tip: story p172
Plan your story around the points you are

1 She felt as though she was dreaming.
given. Use your imagination to make it as
2 We felt as if we’d won a medal. interesting as possible and bring in some more
3 He felt as if he couldn’t breathe. unusual and descriptive vocabulary (e.g. verbs,
adjectives, adverbs). Try to vary the verbs you
use in your story.
Can you think of other verbs you can use to
mean ‘say’ or ‘talk’? Make a list and share your
ideas with a partner.
10 Plan your story. Work in pairs and check if
your plan is in a logical order.
11 Write your story in 140–190 words. Try to
use one simile in your writing.
Improve it
12 Swap your story with a partner. Read and
comment on each other’s work and discuss
how the story might develop more.
When life gives you lemons, make lemonade! (proverbial phrase) 33

INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Feedback
1 If we’re trying to help someone improve their
work, what is the best way to give feedback?
What do you say if you think your classmate’s
work could improve? Tick the options you
think are acceptable.
1 I say ‘great job’ anyway because I don’t
want to hurt their feelings.
2 I ask them in what specific area
SWITCH ON 3
(vocabulary, grammar, etc.) they don’t
feel confident and why.
I might suggest that we look at some of
their work together and decide how to
improve it.
Lion in London
2 Work in pairs and discuss the options in Ex 1.
1 Work in pairs and talk about: Are some of them better than others? Why/
• where you can see wild animals in your country.

Why not?
• if wild animals live better in their natural habitat or in a zoo.

3 Can you think of a time you gave someone
• if wild animals can get used to living with humans. useful feedback? What did you say? Do you
think it helped them? Work in pairs and

2 Watch the clip about Christian the lion. Note the places where
discuss your ideas.
you see Christian. Are there any surprising locations?
4 It isn’t fun hearing that your work isn’t quite

3 Watch again. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
perfect, but you can always find ways to
1 Ace and John bought Christian from a furniture shop. improve it! Work in pairs and discuss the ways
to react when someone points out how you

2 Christian rode in the van every day.
could improve.
3 Ace and Christian had a very special relationship.
4 Christian stayed in the countryside for a few weeks.

1 Say ‘Yes, fine,’ but then ignore what
he/she has said. I’m not the only one

5 Ace and John were not looking forward to the goodbye.
with mistakes.
6 Ace and John returned to Africa a week later.

2 Ask them if we can look at the mistakes
4 How do you think Ace and John felt about leaving Christian? Why?
together and see how I can improve.
3 Think about my goals for improving and
try to take any comments seriously.
Project 5 Choose ways you are going to try to practise
giving feedback in the next few units. Write
5 Work in small groups to research examples of incredible down some specific notes or ideas about what
human–animal relationships. you might say.
1 Research a human–animal relationship that you think is amazing.
Note these things:
• how the animals and humans met

1
• how their relationship developed
• what was unique about the relationship
• anything else you found interesting or learnt from their story 2

2 Write up your findings and present them to the class.
3 Vote on which group has the most interesting or inspiring story.
34
UNIT CHECK
Wordlist
Strong adjectives Phrasal verbs and verb eventually commuter (n)
amazing phrases finally employee (n)
awesome find your way frequently hesitate ( v)
get your head around sth

awful hopefully loads of (phr)
hang around
brilliant luckily pick ( n)
delicious hang out nervously represent (v)
disgusting have a head for heights noisily tomb (n)
have to laugh
fantastic seriously wacky (adj)
turn up
massive suddenly
Extra
ridiculous Verbs for describing suspiciously
content ( n)
terrific actions truthfully

discover (v)
terrifying confirm unfortunately

delay (n)
crash
Telling lies Nouns for emotions destination (n)
drop
go red (phr) excitement epic (adj )
hurry
hesitate (v) happiness headline (n)
remain
laugh nervously (phr) panic herd (n)
spot
look away guiltily (phr) pride issue (n)
stare
rub your nose (phr) sadness light (news) (adj )
wave
speak quickly (phr) satisfaction rush hour (n)
yell
sweat (v) shock source ( n)
touch your mouth (phr) Adverbs stress the press (phr)
anxiously update (n)

Other
badly
attempt (v)
Practice
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of a verb 3 2.10 Listen again and check your answers.
from the Verbs for describing actions section of the

wordlist. 4 Complete the text with the correct form of the words
1
in brackets.
I was walking to school when I suddenly my
friend on the other side of the road.
2 My teachers that the news was true – I had A messy business

won the end-of-year prize!
My brother Oliver came back to the UK last year from
3 I was carrying the tray of ice cream very carefully – but
the USA, where he had learnt how to play American
then I the whole thing on the floor! 1
football. He is (serious) tall, so his
4 At the end of the performance, no one in height and physical strength make him a great player.
their seats. Everyone was on their feet! Last week we watched him play in a big match. It was
5 My mum at me to get ready for school but

2
(brilliance), but the players were getting
I couldn’t find my English project. covered in mud. They’d played for about ten minutes
when his team-mate threw the ball to Oliver. This
2 2.9 Listen to a short news report on a local radio station. was his big chance! He ran with it and I watched him
Complete the sentences with words from the wordlist. 3

(hope). He soon raced through to score.
1 Now for today’s really item of news.

4
(final), Oliver’s team won and aﬅerwards,
5
2 They met a of cows.
we went to find him. A (ridiculous)
3
muddy player was walking towards us. I stared at him
There were of them and his mum
6
(suspicion) before I recognised him. It was
couldn’t pass .
Oliver! ‘Maybe one day I’ll become a professional,’ he said.
4 Toby was .
I really hope so.
5 He said some cows had caused them a .
35
UNIT CHECK
Review
1 Choose the correct verb form to complete the sentences. 3 Complete the text messages from a young reporter at a
1 Sam did / was doing a project on his laptop when suddenly

technology exhibition. Use the past simple, past continuous
or past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.

his mobile rang / was ringing .
2 Becky got off / was getting off the bus and waited /
was waiting outside the cinema for her friend.
3 When Flora was younger, she used to / would love
electronic games. Wow! I 1 (try on) some shoes fitted
4 I watched / was watching my favourite TV programme and with GPS earlier. I

2
(walk) around the
my sister chatted / was chatting to a friend online when

3
town in them when they suddenly
mum said that supper was ready. (light up) and 4 (tell) me where to go!
5 When the students didn’t know how to pronounce It was so cool!
something correctly, they would ask / were asking their
teacher for help. 5

I (read) about these robots that
6 While my aunt and uncle would live / were living in London looked like real humans but when I actually
a few years ago, I enjoyed visiting them every summer. 6
(see) them, I couldn’t believe it.
7 The train has / had already leﬅ by the time we got to They looked so life-like! Unfortunately,
the station. I 7 (not have) time to watch the
8 It hadn’t rained / wasn’t raining for a long time and the robotic dog performance, but maybe next time.
ground was very dry.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Last year they
8
(talk) about new smart
adjectives and adverbs in brackets. glasses. This year it’s all about an interplanetary
1 I learn historical facts (slowly) than my

internet between here and Mars. What next?
friend Sue.
2 Al Pacino was one of (famous) actors
in Hollywood in the 1970s.

4 2.11 Listen to a conversation between two friends and
3 Nick waited (patiently) than his friends answer the questions.
for the start of the performance. He hated waiting

1 Had Tom ever read Life of Pi?
for anything!
2
4
What did he use to do?
We worked (hard) on the end-of-term show
than on anything else during the year!

3 What did he see last year?
5 Alice is much (good) than any of her friends

4 Had Tom heard of The Diary of Anne Frank?
at telling jokes. 5 What did Amy think of the book?
6 The (interesting) part of the job was selling 6 What was Tom listening to last night?
the tickets. We just wanted to see the performance!

7 What was his opinion of it?
7 I wasn’t (brave) to try zip-wiring, so we went
horse-riding instead. 5 2.12 Listen again and check your answers to Ex 4.
8
6
My two brothers are (funny) each
Write a summary of a news story that you liked recently,
other and we have lots of laughs at home!
and say why you liked it.
9 Alice did her work (carefully)
than usual and her teacher gave her
a low mark.
10 That wasn’t the (bad)
concert I’ve ever been to but it
was pretty bad.
36
Waves are
nature’s
heartbeat.
3
1 What aspects of nature do you like the most?
What do you like about them?
2 Discuss three ways in which nature affects your
daily life.
The world around us

topic: Jamie’s Farm food and transport; open cloze topic: solutions for the future,
skill: understanding text phrases with make and do multiple-choice cloze

the way forward
coherence and cohesion skill: organising your article,

SPEAKING
identical verbs and nouns
using topic sentences
task: gapped text
phrasal verbs
topic: eco-friendly activities task: article
GRAMMAR LISTENING skill: getting ideas, expressing
future forms
topic: hip-hop
agreement and preference
SWITCH ON
so, such, too, enough environmentalist task: collaborative task
video: reindeer girls
project: create an advert for

skill: listening for gist/detail
an outdoor job
task: sentence completion
37
3 The world around us
READING 5 Read the article again. Choose which sentence A–G
fits each gap (1–6). There is one extra sentence you do
not need.
Power up A For many, it is that lack of traffic noise that helps them to
see things more clearly.
1 How would you feel about working on a farm for a week?

B One of the boys describes how he feels differently now.
What would you find most challenging about it?
C They would all play a full part in running the farm while
2 What do you think you might learn from working with at the same time learn more about themselves and how
they behave in a different environment.

animals or on the land? List three things and share your ideas
with the class. D The teens really like the fact that the staff are always
available to chat.
Read on E This is one of the ways in which the farm organisers make
sure they have the least impact on the environment.
3 Read the article about Jamie’s Farm quickly. What is the

F But it’s pretty certain they’ll soon realise that helping an
main purpose of the farm?
animal to give birth or feeding a baby goat from a bottle is
way more important.

G Of course, there are fun times too, like jumping in the
exam tip:
river or the egg-throwing game.
gapped text
6 Find words or phrases in the article and sentences (A–G)
Read the text quickly. Then read the missing sentences and see
in Ex 5 that mean the following.
where they can fit. Look at the sentences before and aﬅer the
gap to make sure that there is a logical progression of ideas.

1 cutting into pieces (para 1)
Read the second paragraph of the article. What is the

2 not have something (sentences A–G)
general topic of this paragraph? 3 something that a country or person has that they can use
A the teenagers (para 2)
B the animals 4 important or noticeable (para 4)
C the farming methods used

5 a powerful effect (sentences A–G)
Now read the sentences in Ex 5. Which one applies to your 6 do something that you have been told to do (para 6)
answer above? Check to see it fits grammatically as well.

7 the power to control (para 6)
8 something that you want and plan to do (para 7)
9 a statement that expresses your opinion (para 7)
10 behaving in an angry and violent way (para 7)
Sum up
7 List as many of the experiences of life on Jamie’s Farm as
you can remember. Work in pairs and share your notes.
Speak up
8 What other benefits might inner-city kids get from a stay
on a farm like the one in the article? What about country
kids living in the city? Discuss as a class.
38 Sheep have a field of vision of 300° so they can see behind themselves without having to turn their head.
Jamie’s Farm
offers a taste of the country
It’s a typical mid-week morning on Jamie’s Farm. One group significant ways, they will learn how humans and animals are
of teens, who would normally be at school at this time, are dependent upon each other for their health and happiness.
happily chopping wood outside – with an adult’s help, of

These teens have little or no experience of country life. Most
course. Another group are cleaning out the animals’ living
of them have never been in wide-open spaces where all you
areas (ooh, the smell!), while a third group are going to dig the
can hear is the wind blowing in your face and the sound of
vegetable plot. Their next break is for lunch at 1 p.m. when 4
birdsong. ‘You can just sit on the grass and
they will all be eating together around the huge farmhouse
think calmly about everything – all your
kitchen table.
troubles and your worries,’ said Charlene
What are they having for lunch? There will on a visit to the farm from Hackney
be organic produce from the farm, fresh in London.
vegetables and salads, and puddings using

5
If you catch one whole,
1
home-grown fruit. How else
you’re in; if you catch one and it breaks,
do they manage to do this? Well, by raising
you’re out! There are also horse whispering
animals, consuming solar energy, recycling
sessions, where the students can
waste and using natural resources such as
communicate with the horses. Horses will
rainwater around the farm.
only obey someone who is speaking calmly
When Jamie Feilden, an ex-teacher, and with authority, not with anger. This is
together with his mother, Tish Feilden, a an extremely valuable lesson to learn.
psychotherapist, decided to set up Jamie’s

So how do the teenagers feel after their
Farm, his goal was to have a place in the
experience at Jamie’s Farm? One girl
country where groups of inner-city kids
expresses her intentions: ‘When I go home,
could come and stay on a weekly basis.
I’m going to change my attitude … I’m just
2
Their hope was that any
going to try and grow up a bit more’.
students who were having emotional difficulties or problems at
6
I’ll stop and think before I act – I won’t just say
school would benefit particularly from the experience.
something that will cause an argument. I’ve learnt to calm
On their arrival at the farm, the teens have mixed feelings. down and be more aware of what I’m about to do,’
Some are afraid of getting dirty; others are panicking because she claims. And one final comment sums up the
they will definitely have to do without their mobile phones for whole experience: ‘You can’t be aggressive
the week (one of the house rules), as well as giving up sugar. to a sheep.’
3
By looking after creatures in these small but
‘ When I go home, I’m
going to change my attitude …
I’m just going to try and
grow up a bit more.
’ 39
GRAMMAR 3 3.1 Listen to a conversation. What plans has the boy got for the
evening? What is the girl going to do?
1 Read the grammar box and match the 4 3.2 Listen again and complete the sentences with the future forms in
examples (1–8) with the rules (A–H). brackets.
1 I’ll stop and think before I act – I won’t just 1 The boy (do) his homework all evening.
say something that will cause an argument.

2 The girl (watch) a TV programme.
2 I’ve learnt to calm down and be more aware

3 The girl (start) making a pizza.
of what I’m about to do.
3 A third group are going to dig the 5 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
vegetable plot.
1 I’m going / I go for a picnic with some friends tomorrow.
4 They will all be eating together at lunchtime.

2 I’ll be picking / I will pick strawberries all day Saturday.
5 There will be organic produce from the farm.

3 In two days’ time / Aﬅer two days, my cousins will be arriving.
6 Their next break is for lunch at 1 p.m.

4 It is / will be very hot tomorrow, so don’t forget your sunscreen!
7 What are they having for lunch?

5 As soon as night falls / will fall, the animals come out of their holes.
8 When I go home, I’m going to change

6 We were likely to / about to leave the house when it suddenly
my attitude.
started to rain.
explore grammar p148 6 3.3 Listen to three people talking about an organisation called Edible
Playgrounds. Who is speaking each time: a student, a representative
from the organisation or a teacher?

future forms
1 2 3
A present continuous for arranged future
events
7 3.4 Complete the sentences with these words. Then listen again and
check your answers.
B going to for future plans and intentions

about are be definitely going probably until won’t
C will for predictions, quick decisions, 1 The people from Edible Playgrounds are to arrive.
promises, offers and warnings
2 We can’t really start digging they get here.
3 It will make a huge difference to our school to have

D will for certainty a garden.
4 They’re to show us how to grow vegetables at school.
E present simple for timetabled and

5 I won’t want to eat them anyway.
scheduled events
6 Maybe in a few months’ time, I’ll enjoying a plate of pasta
with tomato sauce.
F future continuous for an action that will be

7 We visiting another one tomorrow.
in progress at or around a specific time in
the future
8 We warn the students that they be
ready for a few weeks.
G future time clauses (+ present tense with

Speak up
future meaning) with aﬅer, as soon as,
before, by the time, in two days’ time, until, 8 Work in pairs and plan
when , while a wildlife/nature trip.
Discuss suitable times
H phrases for talking about the future: be for the trip and what
about to, be due to, be likely/unlikely to you think will or won’t
happen, using suitable
future forms.
2 What are your plans for the weekend? Work
in pairs and talk about one thing you’re going
to do and one thing you hope won’t happen.
40 A lot of the world’s fruit and vegetables are thrown away because they don’t look perfect. Eat wonky!
VOCABULARY 4 Read the text about food quickly. What are ‘food miles’?
food and transport

Long-distance travellers?
1 3.5 Work in pairs and do the quiz. Listen and check your
Did you know that food flies? The international food
answers.
increasing / gaining more rapidly than food
1
Quiz
trade is
2construction / production itself. ‘Does this 3make /

have sense?’ we might ask. The fact is that 4consumers /
users nowadays want a variety of food to be 5available /
1 A country food and other products when it receives
them from other countries.

ready all year round. Not only that, most of our food is
6exchanged / transported by plane, since other forms of
A imports B exports C customs
2 Which of the following is a type of crop?

transport aren’t fast enough. We may not realise that things
A steak B wheat C bread

like coffee, tea, oranges and bananas travel thousands of
3 A consumer is a person who

miles to get to their destination. We often don’t realise how
A buys food and other products.

much food our own country
7sells / imports from other
B makes food and other products. countries. Locally produced food is fresher, tastier and
C sells food and other products. doesn’t create so many ‘food miles’. Let’s ‘eat local’ as much
4 If you eat cheese but not meat, your diet is called as we can, although it’s not necessary toeat / do without
8
A B C coffee or bananas! Just purchasing food that is in season /

vegetarian. organic. vegan.
9
5 The is the time of year when farmers cut the corn or market will be a good start!
pick all the fruit.
A season B harvest C calendar

5 Read the text again and choose the correct words to
6 What is coffee made from? complete it.
A beans B leaves C seeds
explore vocabulary 2
2 Read vocabulary box 1. Then complete the sentences using
the correct form of phrases from the box. identical verbs and nouns
1 I think you’ve made a mistake. Your answer here doesn’t Some verbs and nouns are spelt in exactly the same way but
. are pronounced differently.
2 There are no eggs leﬅ, so we’ll just have to PREsent (noun) and presENT (verb)
pasta.
PERmit (noun) and perMIT (verb)
3 I’m going to for the environment by
cleaning the beach.
4 Could you chocolate if you had to?

6 3.6 Read vocabulary box 2 and look at these words. In
which words does the stress move? Mark the syllable where
I couldn’t!
you think the stress is. Listen and check your answers.
5 you put the food in the fridge
Verbs: answer, comment, increase, produce, purchase,
overnight or it will go bad.
transport, travel
explore vocabulary 1 Nouns: answer, comment, increase, produce, purchase,
transport, travel
phrases with make and do Speak up

There are lots of useful phrases with the verbs make and do.
I couldn’t do without eating bread every day.
7 Discuss which fruit and vegetables are grown a) mainly in
the summer b) mainly in the winter c) all year round.

It makes sense to conserve our water as much as possible.
game on
Make sure you don’t forget to take your project to school!
I’m doing my bit by making cards to raise money for the
charity. fruit and veg memory game
I can’t have a dog or a cat, so I’ll have to make do with a

Take it in turns to say first a fruit, and then the next person,
hamster.
a vegetable. Continue round the class.
I went to the market and I bought some … apples.
3 Write three sentences about yourself, using phrases from
vocabulary box 1. Work in pairs and share your ideas.

41
LISTENING 5 3.9 Listen again and complete the sentences (2–10) with a word or
short phrase.
Power up S P E A K I N G U P F O R
1 What environmental problems are important

NATURE
to you? Abby was impressed by the fact that Xiuhtezcatl knows several
1
2 Which ones do you think young people are
very well.
most concerned about? Abby admired Xiuhtezcatl for making a

2 in front of a
3 What can young people do to try and help large group of people when he was six.
with these problems?

According to Abby, Xiuhtezcatl thinks of the natural world as a
3
2
that we are given.
Work in pairs. What do you think the words in
Abby feels that young people of her

4 need someone
bold mean?
like Xiuhtezcatl to speak for them.

1 Researching your family’s roots can be very
interesting. Abby was amused by what Xiuhtezcatl’s younger brother did to

5
2 The conference was attended by all the
protest against the and their lack of action.
most important people in the tech industry. Abby wasn’t aware of the fact that Xiuhtezcatl’s
6
3 Ignoring something important won’t make sang with him.
it go away.
The subject of Xiuhtezcatl’s songs are the
7 he thinks
4 The workers protested against the changes are important for our times.
by holding a six-week strike.
Another example of how Xiuhtezcatl gets things done is when
5 The government is considering banning the
he stopped the use of pesticides in the
8 in his
use of pesticides.
neighbourhood.
6 I don’t have the courage to give a speech to
Abby was amazed that Xiuhtezcatl did not
a large audience.
depend on
9 during his talk.
Abby uses the word

10 ‘ ’ to
Listen up
describe how she feels about Xiuhtezcatl.
3 3.7 You will hear a student talking to her
class about a young environmentalist that she
has studied, Xiuhtezcatl Martinez. Listen and

Speak up
answer the questions.
1 What job does he do? 6 Have a class debate on the following topic.
2 Where does he live?

Follow the steps below.
3 What important campaign did he win?

Which is the most powerful way to
get a message across to young people
4 3.8 Read the exam tip and complete about important world issues: music or
the task. social media?
1 Get into two teams and plan your
exam tip: sentence completion

arguments for one of the two sides.
In this task you will hear the exact word or

2 Select one or two speakers for each side.
words that you need to write, although you 3 Have a class vote aﬅer each side has
will not hear them used in exactly the same spoken.
sentence as you see written. Usually, only one
or two words are needed.
Read the first sentence in Ex 5 and listen to
part of the recording again. Which word is
missing from the first gapped sentence?
42
USE OF ENGLISH 1 3 Read the exam tip and complete the task.
1 Read the grammar box. Choose the correct words in the exam tip: open cloze
sentences (1–4).
Read the text through quickly before you try to
1 We had such a / a so dry summer last year, the flowers died! think of the missing word. Make sure the word fits
2 Cities would be such / so nice places to live if they were greener.

the whole sentence, not just the gap itself.
3 There weren’t such a lot / enough bins for rubbish.

Look at gap 1 in Ex 4. What type of word comes
so or
4
aﬅer the gap? Do you think the answer is
The island was so / too far away to see the penguins clearly.
such? Too or enough? Think about the grammar
grammar
rules that you have learnt.
explore p148
so, such, too, enough 4 Complete the article with one word
in each gap.
A so + adj/adv (+ that )
He was so passionate about it that he was able to speak out.
B such ( a/ an) (+ adj) + noun (+ that) Good news!

That was such a difficult thing for him to do.
C other common phrases: so much/so many/such a lot of + noun

(+ that ) Ayaan lives in a small village in
Somalia, a country that often

It’s incredible to have such a lot of confidence at that age!
suffers from a lack of rainfall.
D too + adj/adv (+ to -infinitive) 1
The village is high
They were too important to ignore.
up on a hill that they have no
E other common phrases: too much/too many + noun (+ to-infinitive) water supply. Three times a day,
Sometimes it requires too much effort to make a change. the girls and women carry water
F (not +) adj/adv + enough (+ to-infinitive) from the river on their heads or
Most kids are not interested enough to make a difference. backs, sometimes in twenty-kilo containers! ‘It
2
G (not) + enough (+ adj) + noun (+ to-infinitive/that + clause) takes up a big part of the day that
I had to leave school when I was eight,’ Ayaan

He was so fed up with people not taking enough action that he
3
decided to go on strike. explains. ‘My mother had too work
to do and she needed help.’
2 Complete the conversation with these words or phrases. There are Unfortunately, the dirty river water causes so
two you do not need. 4 diseases that there are often
5
enough medicines for those in need.
enough so so many so much such a lot such an too
6
However, help is in sight. A charity is
A: How about starting a campaign to get cycle paths in our town?
to build a water pump that will bring clean water
1
There’s traffic it’s impossible to ride my bike to 7
from a well to the village. ‘This next
school!
8
year, I’ll possibly drinking water
2
B: Yeah, I know. But I don’t think there’d be interest.
from a tap in my village – it will be like a dream
3
A: OK, but I our parents waste of time in the mornings
come true!’
taking us to school. I’m sure they’d be glad if we went by bike.
B: Hang on a minute. Can we have a reality check here? What about

4
those cold, dark mornings when your hands are
Speak up
frozen to hold the handlebars? If you campaign for this, you might be
5 unpopular that none of the students will talk to you!
5 Work in pairs and discuss these problems. Can you
A: OK. How about campaigning for a pool at school instead? think of any possible solutions?
B: Now you’re talking! 1 There is too much traffic in your town or
city centre.
2 Young people aren’t involved in improving the
place where you live.
‘Music can change the world because it can change people.’ (Bono, musician) Do you agree? 43
USE OF ENGLISH 2 exam tip: multiple-choice cloze
1 Can you think of an animal species that

When you look at the options, think about
a) meaning, b) context and c) words that

is endangered? How would it affect the
go together.
environment if those animals disappeared?
Look at question 1 in Ex 8. Can you
2 You are going to listen to a conversation about immediately delete any of the options
wolves. Work in pairs and answer the questions. because of their meaning in the sentence? In
1 Where do wolves live?

the context of the whole sentence (possibility
2
in the past), which others can you delete?
Are they endangered? Why?
Which words go with ‘highly’? Choose
3 Do wolves live on their own or in groups? your answer.
3 3.10 Listen to the conversation and check your
answers to Ex 2.
8 Read the article and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
WOLVES
each gap.
4 3.11 Read the vocabulary box. Listen to the
conversation again and listen for the phrasal verbs

T H E R E T U R N O F T H E
in the box.
explore vocabulary
phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs consist of a verb and one or two By the 1930s, there were no more wolves in Yellowstone
1
particles. National Park. It seemed highly that they would
ever come back. After they disappeared, animals such as the
chop down, clean up, cut down, die out,
elk (a type of deer) moved around less and ate all their favourite
get (a message) across, kill off, throw away
plants and trees. Because of this the number of beavers, whose
A huge number of plastic bags are thrown away
2
habitat is the river, were hungry and they nearly
each year.
3
.
All of these verbs take an object except for one.
However, since 1995 when the grey wolf was brought back to
Which is it?
4
the park, there have been many positive . Firstly,
the wolves started hunting the elks, so plants started to grow
5 Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete again, songbirds returned and the number of beavers increased
5
the sentences. Do you think the information is .
True (T) or False (F)? 6
This experiment was a success and a number of
1 Trees are thrown away / chopped down scientists are currently getting that message
7
to
to make space for cattle. 8
the public. the grey wolf is not an endangered
2 Wolves have killed off / cleaned up species everywhere, it will definitely have a safe home in the park
the brown bear. – and the ecosystem of the park will remain healthy!
3 In some cities ducks have footpaths or
duck lanes. This gets the message 1 A strange B unsure C unlikely D doubtful
across / throws away the message

2 A ordinary B natural C physical D usual
that they need protecting.
3 A used up B killed off C cleaned up D died out
4 It’s possible that elephants will kill off /
die out in the wild.

4 A results B aims C goals D conditions
5 We need to throw away / clean up

5 A widely B rapidly C largely D unusually
plastic from the oceans. 6 A main B chief C large D huge
7 A around B in C across D on
6 Quickly read the article about wolves leaving
8 A Although B However C Since D Because
Yellowstone Park. Work in pairs and describe what
happened when the wolves returned.
Speak up
9 If you could only save one of these endangered animals, which would
you choose and why? Is there one that it is more important to save
than the others? Work in pairs and share your ideas.
crocodile dolphin elephant giant tortoise rhino sloth whale
44 Wolves can run at speeds of up to sixty kilometres an hour.

SPEAKING 4 3.13 Read the useful language and listen again. Which phrases
do the speakers use?
Power up Speak up
1 Have you ever done any volunteering work to help

the environment? Which would you prefer to do:
exam tip:
help to protect wildlife or help to clear rubbish from
local areas? collaborative task p166
This is a two-way discussion, so remember to agree/disagree with

2 Read the task about organising eco-friendly
your partner before you make your own points.
activities. Match the activities in the task with
Read this statement. Then put the three sentences below in the
the possible answers (A–J).
correct order as a response to the statement.
Cleaning up the beaches would be a useful thing to do.

protecting bats looking aﬅer elderly donkeys
Not everyone enjoys clearing up rubbish.
What do you think?

Why might it be important for
students to do these activities? That’s true although some people might prefer to go fruit-picking.
finding new cleaning fruit-picking

6 Work in pairs and discuss the question in the task in Ex 2. Use
homes for up beaches on an organic the ideas (A–J) to help you and add any other ideas of your own.
caged hens and parks farm
7 Now discuss which two activities you think students would find
A realising how much litter people throw away most interesting. Give reasons for your answers. Use phrases
B understanding how older animals are dependent on us

from the useful language in your discussion.
for their care
C recognising the importance of protecting wild species

8 Work in pairs. Turn to page 173 and follow the instructions.
D learning about the consequences of keeping creatures
in cages
Speaking extra
E thinking about the importance of not using pesticides
9 Work in groups and discuss the questions.
F improving knowledge of a less well-known species

1 Is there any pollution in the area where you live? Is the situation
G reducing the amount of plastic that is used getting worse or better?
H considering the importance of freedom for animals 2 How important is it to feel a connection with nature and the
I experiencing the hard work involved in manual labour world we live in? Give reasons for your answers.
J discovering the time and effort needed to care for
animals
game on
3 3.12 Listen to two students discussing the task.
Work in pairs. You are going to organise an event for people your
age to get involved in local issues. Make some notes about what
Which of the ideas from Ex 2 do they mention?
you will do and why it is important. Share with the class and try to
language:
convince everyone about your idea, using phrases from the useful
useful language. Vote for the best idea.
expressing agreement
Yes, that’s what I think/that’s true.
You’re right there.
I think that would be fantastic/really interesting!
Everyone would be really keen on that.
expressing preference
I think that X and Y would be really
good because …
Well, I’d be most interested in …
I would definitely choose …
It would be much better to …
I think students would prefer …
45
WRITING
Power up
1 Look at the photo which shows a kind of hotel.
What is the purpose of the hotel?
Plan on
2 Match the problems (1–4) with the possible solutions
(A–D).
Problems
1 It’s going to be difficult to grow enough food for everyone.
2 Some animals and insects are in danger of dying out.
3 We may run out of affordable oil as a source of energy.
4 More people in the world will produce more rubbish.
4
Solutions
Read the article about bugs quickly. What ideas does the
writer mention?
We could create a wildlife garden at
A
home or at school, and make bug hotels.
Bugs and other interesting things

Are you a bug lover or a lover of nature generally? Well,
Everything will be recycled and re-used
B
so there won’t be so much waste.
then perhaps it’s time to consider how you can help.
We can share gardens and produce,

I’ve heard about some great ideas that are simple to
C
and also eat only seasonal vegetables.
do. For example, in order to protect the insect life in
our gardens, we can make a bug hotel. Doesn’t that
sound fun? One school in Montreal did this and the
pictures on their blog are really cool. All you need are
We can use solar power and wind energy
D
instead of traditional sources of energy.
some sticks and stones and to build them up into a
small house. Then bugs will make it their home!
3 Read the advert for an article. Make notes about some
I’ve also read about some brilliant environmental
organisations. Why don’t you start a small group at
points that you could include.
Articles wanted
your school? Maybe part of your school playground
could become a garden or a wildlife area so that
everyone can have hands-on experience of looking
We’re looking for articles that give some positive after animals or growing vegetables.
advice on how to help the environment.
I really care about not using plastic packaging and not
wasting water. So I’m not going to accept plastic bags
What ideas have you heard about and what are you
in shops and I won’t leave the taps running!

hoping to do yourself to get involved? How could
you do something to help?
We will publish the best articles in our next issue.

So, in a few words, we should look after nature and use
it wisely, not destroy it.
46 The ant is one of the world’s strongest creatures in relation to its size.
5 An article needs to interest the reader. Read these ideas and
Write on
then the article again. Can you find examples of these points in
the article?
An article can include some of the following:
• a personal opinion
exam tip: article p171
• anecdotes (real-life stories about the subject)

Paragraphs are important because they make your
• suggestions or advice to the reader writing clear and easy to read. Start each new paragraph
• a personal experience of the subject, giving examples with a topic sentence. This tells your reader the main
• direct reference to the reader, e.g. you

idea of that paragraph.
• an interesting title Find the topic sentences in the article in Ex 4. Do they
•
introduce the topic of the paragraph?
rhetorical questions (using a question instead
of a statement) to interest the reader
6 Read the language box. Find some examples of this language in

9 Read the advert below and plan your article. Use the
checklist in Ex 5 to help you.

the article in Ex 4.
explore language Articles wanted

purpose clauses We’re looking for articles that will give some advice
These are useful for talking about actions and their purpose in the about how to get more young people interested in
present or future:
the environment.
in order to /so as to + infinitive What topics would they be interested to learn
so that + can/will more about?
If the actions were in the past, we use: so that + could/would How could young people get involved to actively
Also, for purpose generally, we can use: for + -ing help the environment?
We will publish the best articles in our next issue.
7 Complete the sentences with phrases from the language box.
1 Environmental organisations must work harder

10 Write your article in 140–190 words.
people all over the world can have access to clean water.
2 Trees are very important keeping the atmosphere
clean, so we need to protect our forests and not cut them all down.
Improve it
3 The aim is to protect animals and sea creatures from hunting or 11 Swap your article with a partner. Ask them to read it
over-fishing enjoy them in the future. and see how many points from Ex 5 you have included,
4 A new wildlife centre was opened seabirds could as well as words or phrases from the language box.
nest there in safety. Also ask them if they found it interesting!
5
12
A lot of people are planting flowers in public spaces
Read your article through again and make corrections
make them look nicer.
if you need to.
47
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Skill assessment
1 Think about these different areas of language
learning. Put 1–3 ticks next to each skill area,
according to how you see your level at the
moment ( ✓✓✓ being the highest and ✓ being
the lowest).
Vocabulary
Grammar
SWITCH ON
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
Reindeer girls 2 Work in pairs and compare your results. For
any skill areas that have only one tick, discuss
1 Work in pairs. Think of the main reasons why animals might migrate how improvements can be made and make a
at different times of the year. Give examples. list for each skill.
Vocabulary:
2 Watch the clip. Why do the reindeer migrate?
• Read more in English.
3 Watch again and answer the questions. • Watch films and videos in English.
1 Do Sami people live in tents? • Use a dictionary regularly to check spelling
2 What do Elle and her family wear to keep warm on the migration?
and other forms of the word.
3 What do the reindeer do during the summer on the island?

3 Look back at Units 1–3. Choose one exercise
4 How do the reindeer travel to and back from the island? that you liked for each skill area and see how
5 According to the video, what decision will Elle have to make about
much you can remember. Test each other on
your favourite exercises!

her future?
4 Work in pairs and make a list of things you
can do to help you improve in each skill area.
Project • Learn the vocabulary of the previous units.
4 Research outdoor jobs where people help animals, small communities

• Revise and understand the grammar.
or the environment. Choose a job you would like to create an • Practise speaking with a friend or relative.
advert for. • Listen to a video in English.
1 List the skills needed for the job and what kind of person you are • Write an email in English.
looking for. What kind of job is it?
• Is it a physical job?
5 Set yourself goals for improving in two areas
where you had fewer than three ticks.

• Is it working with animals?
• What skills or experience do you need?
• Why is it a good job?

1
2 Plan your advert. (e.g. what information to include, what it looks like,
where the advert will be shown)
3 Create your advert.
4 Present your advert to the class. 2

5 Vote on the jobs the class would prefer to do.
48
UNIT CHECK
Wordlist
Food and transport Phrases with make and do impact (n) generation (n)
available (adj) do my bit litter (n) giﬅ (n)
beans (n) do without manual labour (phr ) ignore (v)
consumer (n) make do with natural resources (phr) protest (v)
crop (n) make sense packaging (n) roots ( n)
export (v, n) make sure pesticide (n) significant (adj )
harvest (n) rainfall (n) speech (n)

Phrasal verbs
import (v, n) rainwater (n) strike (n)

chop down
increase (v) recycle (v) travel (v)

clean up
produce (n) solar (adj ) unusual (adj )

cut down
production (n) world leader (n)

die out Other
purchase (v)
get (a message) across affordable (adj ) Extra
season (n)
kill off ban (v) affordable (adj )
steak (n)
throw away chop (v) aggressive (adj )
transport (v, n)
comment (n) authority (n)
Environment
vegetarian (adj , n)
conference (n) consume (v)
ban (v)
wheat (n)
courage (n) hands-on experience (phr )
climate change (phr)
intention (n)
endangered species (phr)
organic (adj )
Practice
1 Choose the correct answer A, B or C. 3 3.15 Listen again and check your answers.
1
4
Vegetarians don’t normally eat .
Complete the sentences with the correct form of a verb from
A potatoes B pasta C steak
the Phrases with make and do and Phrasal verbs sections of
2 All businesses try to make their products popular with . the wordlist.
A producers B consumers C factories 1 I’d really like to to help the environment in
3 They have grown these organic carrots without the use some way.
of . 2 Can you that you turn off all the lights when
A wind turbines B beans C pesticides you leave the house?
4 The continuous rain meant that the were completely 3 I’ve heard that a lot of big animals will if we
ruined. don’t protect their habitats.
A crops B forests C deserts 4 Countries generally should not be allowed to
5 Are you going to the youth on environmental issues?

any more forests.
A conservation B conference C strike

5 We can all luxuries but a supply of clean
water is essential.
2 3.14 Listen to young people talking about environmental 6 We should recycle plastic more. Most people just
topics. Choose two-word collocations from the Environment, aﬅer they use it.
Other and Extra sections of the wordlist to describe what 7 Perhaps if we what we have and didn’t just
they are talking about.
buy more stuff all the time, we would all help a bit more.
1 8 We should start a campaign to to more
2 people about getting involved.
3
4
5
49
UNIT CHECK
Review
1 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences. 4 Complete the text with one word in each gap.
1 This time tomorrow, I’ll be watching / I’ll watch the seabirds on
Puffi n Island! I come from Northern Turkey which is
2 I am telling / I’ll tell you what the trip was like when I see you. still a natural habitat for a number of wild
3 What are you saying / going to say to Mike when you see him
animals such as lynx, wolves and wild
bears. I’ve
1 worried about the
this evening?
wild bears because they’re an endangered

4 Sean is helping / helps to build an eco-friendly house during the holidays.
species, but I’ve just been doing a project
5 As soon as the weather will get / gets better, I’ll start work in the garden.
about a new ‘wildlife corridor’ in the
6 Lizzie is going to be / will be home by now. Let’s go and see the photos
region.
2 is a protected area
of her trip!
of forest land, about eighty-two kilometres
3
2 3.16 Listen to a girl talking about her plans for the holidays and
long, the bears can move
answer the questions. around freely and safely. A research team
is going 4 attach webcams

1 When are the school holidays?
(‘crittercams’) to collars round the animals’
2 What will Valentina be doing?
necks so they can check how the bears
3 Who is going with her?
use the corridor. Then, as 5 as
4 What is she going to do while she’s there? the bears

6 back in the forest,
the camera
7 show them the
3 Rewrite the sentences using ‘so’, ‘such’, ‘(not) enough’ or ‘too’.
bears’ movements. It’s such
8
1 The sea was very clean and they could see lots of fish.
cool way to see life from their point of view,
The sea was they could see lots of fish. isn’t it?
2 It was very hot and we just lay on the beach and went swimming.
5
It was that we just lay on the beach and
Write a short blog post about your plans for
went swimming.
the holidays or the weekend. Use as many
3 It rained a lot last week and the garden became a lake!
different types of future tenses as you can.
We had last week that the garden became a lake!
4 There were lots of people in the city and only a few parks to walk in.
There in the city for people to walk in.
5 Our bags were very heavy and we couldn’t carry them far.
Our bags were carry them far.
6 The mice ran very fast and we couldn’t catch them.
The mice ran to catch them.
7 It was impossible to enjoy the city because of
the pollution.
There was pollution in the city
that it was impossible to enjoy it.
8 The clothes I had packed wouldn’t fit in my suitcase!
I had packed fit in
my suitcase!
50
You don’t
find
happiness;
you have to
make it.
4
Look at the photo and read the quote. Then
1 What do you think the quote means?
2 What, in your opinion, are the ingredients for
a happy life?
3 To what extent do you think happiness is the
result of good luck?
Make it happen

topic: teenage athletes in relationships; key word transformation topic: happiness and
Jamaica satisfaction
adjectives + prepositions word formation
skill: identifying key words skill: contrasting and

word formation: adjectives
SPEAKING summarising
LISTENING topic: doing something task: essay

GRAMMAR together
SWITCH ON
topic: making up your mind
modal verbs 1 skill: expressing opinions

skill: rewording questions
video: my ‘year 12’ life
modal verbs 2 task: discussion
project: create a vlog post
51
4 Make it happen
READING 4 What does ‘scouts’ mean in line 36?
A People whose job is to find people with particular skills.
B People whose job is to organise sports competitions.
Power up C People whose job is to train top athletes.
1 Can you think of a person who inspires you to work hard and D People who want a particular team or individual to win.
achieve something? What do you admire about that person? 5 Why is Okhalia Buchanon disappointed at the moment?
A She has not been chosen for Champs this year.
Read on B She has not had a chance to race in Champs yet.
C
2 Read the article quickly and look for this information.
She has not been as successful recently as she was in
the past.
Find the name of a teenage athlete who:

D She has not shown her speed in races yet.
1 has already had international success.

6 Christopher Taylor’s school wants him to
2 has had problems with injuries.

A run his fastest ever time at Champs.
3 is interested in education as well as sport.

B help them to win Champs for the first time.
3 Read the exam tip and complete the task. C become the world’s fastest runner in his age group.
D do well in four different competitions at Champs.

5 Match the words from the text (1–10) with their meanings
Don’t worry if you find the questions challenging. First find (A–J). Which words can you think of an opposite for?
the key words in each question. Look for similar ideas in the
1 packed (intro) 6 optimistic (para 4)
2 7
text. Then read the options A–D and choose the best one.
intense (para 1) honour (para 5)
Read question 1 in Ex 4. What are the key words?

3 sprint (para 1) 8 conserve (para 5)
Now read paragraph 1 in the text and find information
about competitors. Which option A–D gives the same

4 stick to (para 2) 9 stands (para 6)
information? 5 scholarship (para 3) 10 stretcher (para 6)
A extreme
4 Read the article again and choose the correct answer,

B continue with
A, B, C or D.
C rows of seats in a stadium
1 What does it say in the first paragraph about the
D save for the future
competitors at Champs?
A They are members of athletics teams from around

E money to pay for someone’s education
the world. F something that you take pride in
B They think that doing well in their sport can help G believing that good things will happen in the future
their families. H short, fast running race
C Some of them have won Olympic medals. I bed used to carry injured people
D They win a lot of international running races. J full of people
2 Competitors who want to succeed at Champs
A have less school work than other students. Sum up

B
6
have to train until very late at night.
Work in groups and answer the questions.
C have to work very hard.
1 What makes Champs special?
D are advised to eat fewer calories.
2 What has each of the teenagers in the text achieved in
3 What has happened to Alesha Kelly this year?
the past?
A She has moved to one school, and then to another.

3 What do they hope to achieve at Champs?
B She has been offered a place at a university abroad.
C She has had to travel a long way to school every day.

Speak up
D She has missed her friends and family.
7 Is it better to achieve things as a team or as an individual?
Why?
I think its better to do sports as a team because you learn to
work together.
52 ‘You can neither win nor lose if you don’t run the race.’ (David Bowie, musician)
CHAMPS This week, the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica, will be packed
with 35,000 screaming fans. Of course, fans needn’t be there in person.
Twenty times that number will be watching at home on live TV. The
event? Not a pop concert or an international football match, but
Champs – the country’s annual high school athletics championship.
Only athletes aged ten to nineteen may feel that they shouldn’t have been
enter Champs, but this five-day event is so optimistic. Since then, Okhalia
the biggest athletics contest in Jamaica, has had to cope with painful injuries,
and unlike anything else in the world. and she wasn’t able to compete in
Lots of the older competitors would be the last two Champs. This year’s
fast enough to qualify for the national Champs is her chance to prove what
teams in most countries, so competition she’s capable of. Can she earn her
is intense. And the athletes have a lot to opponents’ respect, and make the
compete for. They have grown up in the era national team selectors sit up and
of Jamaican role models like Usain Bolt take notice?
and Elaine Thompson, whose speed on the

Unlike Okhalia, Christopher Taylor
track has earned them millions of dollars as
doesn’t have to attract the attention
well as Olympic gold medals. Their country
of selectors, because he’s already a
of less than three million people has
star of the national team. Last year he
absolutely dominated international sprint
won a gold medal in the World Youth
events in the last few years, and teenagers
Championships, becoming the fastest
see athletics as a way to build a better life
fifteen-year-old in 400-metre history.
for themselves and their families.
Many experts believe he has a real
Those who want to do well have got to be chance of glory at the next Olympic
extremely committed. They can’t stay out Games, but at Champs, he’s running
late in the evening, and they must stick to a for the glory of his school, Calabar
healthy but high-calorie diet. Several hours High, which has won the competition
of training on top of school work every day for the last four years. ‘Will you run
is an exhausting routine. for us in four events?’ his coach
has asked him – a great honour, as

Eighteen-year-old Alesha Kelly has changed
competitors aren’t permitted to enter
school twice in the last two years to improve
more than four events. Although
her chances of success. Her new school, St
he ought to feel proud of that, it’ll
Jago’s, is two hours from the village where
be tiring so he’ll have to conserve
she grew up, and she lives as a lodger
energy. The aim will be to win every
near the school, far away from friends and
event, not to break world records. At
family. She has had some lonely moments,
Champs, it’s the team, not the time,
“
but she feels sure that it will all be worth it.
that counts.
Her aim for Champs? To win, of course, but
Those who want to do well also to be offered a scholarship to a U.S. Tomorrow, school flags will decorate
university by one of the many athletics the stands of the stadium in a rainbow
have got to be extremely
line 36 scouts in the crowd who are looking for of colours, and the prime minister
committed. talent. Can sporting success be her passport himself will be there to watch. Who
to a university education? will win glory for their school and a
”
better future for themselves and their
One of her rivals, Okhalia Buchanan, has
family? Who will be carried off on a
already tasted victory at Champs. When she
stretcher after pushing their body
was fourteen, she won the 400 metres in
too hard? We’d better not make any
a time that put her eighth in the world for
predictions. At Champs, you never
her age group. She and her mother started
quite know.
to dream of a great future, but they now
53
4 Make it happen
GRAMMAR 3 You
and the ball

let the ball touch the back of your stick
touch your foot.
4
1
If you want to start playing, then you join
Read the grammar box. Match the sentences (1–8) with the
a club.
uses (A–H).
5 I play with both hands, but aﬅer hours of
1 Would you help to carry this box, please?
practice, now I find it quite easy.
2 I shouldn’t have run in the race.

6 I forgot my music and I printed it out at home.
3 I couldn’t sing very well when I was younger.
4 Can I go to a party tonight?

4 Work in pairs. Match the answers from Ex 2 to a use from
the grammar box (A–H).

5 I need to be at training by eight o’clock.
6 We haven’t got to do any homework today. 5 Choose the correct word or phrase to complete the blog post.
7
8
You shouldn’t worry about the test.
My parents said I couldn’t join the band. Good vibrations

I was a keen musician at school, until I got an ear problem which got
explore grammar p150 worse and worse. Before long I 1wasn’t permitted to / couldn’t hear
anything at all. Deaf people 2weren’t allowed to / shouldn’t have
modal verbs 1
study at the school so I 3must / had to leave. I learnt to live without
A ability: can/can’t, could/couldn’t, be able to sound, but it really got me down. Then one day my old singing teacher
Can she earn her opponents’ respect? phoned and said. ‘You 4couldn’t / mustn’t give up on your music.
She wasn’t able to compete in the last Champs. My friend Jack 5can / ought help you. You 6may / ought to meet him.
B permission: may, can, be allowed/permitted to With Jack’s help, I discovered that I 7needn’t / mustn’t live without
Only athletes aged ten to nineteen may enter Champs. music. I found my voice again! I always 8can / need to take my shoes
C mustn’t, may not, can’t, couldn’t, not be
prohibition:
off now before I sing, so that I 9’m able to / ’m permitted to feel the
allowed/permitted to vibrations in the floor. An app on my mobile tells me if I’m singing the
They can’t stay out late in the evening.
right note. Music isn’t a sound for me now – it’s a feeling.
They aren’t permitted to enter five events.
D obligation: must, have ( got) to, need to 6 Complete the sentences with these words and phrases.
They must stick to a healthy diet.

able don’t need had better may may not permitted
They have got to be extremely committed.
shouldn’t have would
E no obligation: don’t have to/haven’t got to, don’t need to/
needn’t 1 we have a rest? I’m exhausted!
He doesn’t have to attract the attention of selectors.

2 Last year I wasn’t to sing it, but now it’s easy.
(NOT He mustn’t attract …)
3 You aren’t to kick other players!
Fans needn’t be there.
4 No, you meet Jim now. It’s bed time.
F advice: should/shouldn’t, ought (not) to, had better (not)
5 You to buy a guitar. You can use this one.
He ought to feel proud of that.
6 I leﬅ my homework at home. Oops!
We’d better not make any predictions.
7 I not be late for training and annoy everyone.
G regret about the past: shouldn’t have
8 you collect the balls, please?
They shouldn’t have been so optimistic.
H requests: will, would Speak up

Will you run for us in four events?
7 Work in pairs and talk about your school’s rules. Should
your school keep them all? Or are there rules that it needn’t
2 4.1 Watch or listen to three people talking about

have? Why/Why not? Give reasons.
things they do outside of school. What activities are they?
3 4.2 Watch or listen again and complete game on

the sentences.
Work in small groups. Take it in turns to describe a sport or game
1 I mean, you have to be a strong swimmer, but you for the group to guess. Use modals from the grammar box. You
be big and strong. get a point for every correct sentence before someone guesses
2 I’m rescue people that are much bigger and

the answer. If you guess wrongly, you lose a point.
heavier than me. Kicking the ball isn’t permitted.
54 Life’s too short to be serious all the time. If you can’t laugh at yourself, call me. I’ll laugh at you.
What should you do?
VOCABULARY A Your friend is really proud
bored
a recent
achievement, but a lot of people are getting really
hearing about it. Should you

relationships
advise your friend to stop mentioning it?
1 Complete the sentences with these words.

B Your friend is stressed the exams
that you both have to do soon. They ask you
coach community company mate referee rival role model to help them in a subject that they’re hopeless
and you’re good .

1 I think I can win but my main is good too.
If you agree, you’ll have less time for your own
2 Cara has been my best forever. revision. Should you say yes?
3 My tennis has helped me improve.

C You’ve shared a funny photo of your friend online.
4 She’s my . I want to sing like her. You’re happy all the ‘likes’ that
5 The park is enjoyed by everyone in the . it’s getting, but your friend is really embarrassed
6 I’m feeling a bit lonely. I’d love some .

the photo. Should you delete it?
7 The always notices when players cheat. D You’re really keen rock climbing and
want to do it with friends on your birthday. Most of
2 Match the phrasal verbs in bold with their meanings (A–F).

them are enthusiastic the idea, but
1 Bad test results really get me A have a good relationship your best mate is afraid heights.
down, but my friends cheer me with Should you choose a different birthday activity?
up again.
B make me feel happier
2 I know you’re annoyed with me,

C discuss the problem
but let’s talk it over. I don’t want
to fall out with you.

D make me feel depressed 5 Complete the sentences with adjectives from
3 I usually get on with mum, but

E have an argument with
the vocabulary box. Sometimes more than
one answer is possible.
she talks too much. When she F escape

1 At primary school, I had only one talent:
wants a chat, I can’t get away
I was at getting into trouble.
from her!
My parents got so with me!
3 4.3 Listen to a girl talking about how to cope with diffi cult 2 I know theme parks are with
situations. Answer the questions. most people my age, but I hate them. I’m
1 What does she say is sometimes helpful?

of falling off the rides.
2 What got her down?

3 I think I’m to video games. I’m
about how long I spend

3
a bit
How did her cousin cheer her up?
playing them!
4 What did she do when she got back home?
4 I know I’m of passing my
5 What does she think about her future relationship with her friends?
exams next week, so I don’t know why I’m so
4
about them!
Read the vocabulary box. Then complete the situations (A–D) with the
correct preposition.
Speak up
explore vocabulary 6 Work in pairs and discuss the situations in
Ex 4. Add one more situation of your own and
discuss it.
adjectives + prepositions
Some adjectives are followed by a
particular preposition:
at: bad, brilliant, good, hopeless
about: anxious, embarrassed,
enthusiastic, happy,
sad, stressed, worried
of: afraid, bored, capable,
frightened, proud
with: fed up, popular
on: keen
to: addicted
55
4 Make it happen
LISTENING 6 4.5 Listen again. Match the speakers (1–5) with what they say
about making up their mind (A–H). There are three options you do
not need.
Power up A I worry about making choices that aren’t Speaker 1
even really that important.
1 Look at the photo. What is the boy doing?

B A small decision that I made had a big effect on
Speaker 2
What might he be thinking? Speaker 3

my life.
2 Do you find it easy or difficult to make C Decisions never turn out to be as important as
Speaker 4
I think at the time. Speaker 5

important decisions? What are some
decisions you might have to make in the next D There was an accident because of a bad decision
two years, that could really affect your life? I made.
E I like to discuss my decisions with people who

3 Work in pairs. Which of these might you do in
really understand my situation.
the situations in Ex 1?
F My friends always help me to make up my mind.
1 write a list of possible choices
G I’m surprised that I have to make this decision.
2 write a list of pros and cons
H It was the right decision to share my problem
3 ask your friends’ opinions
with others.
4 discuss with your parents
5 ask for advice online

7 Which of the statements (A–F) in Ex 6 are true for you? Why?
8 Work in pairs. Discuss the meaning of the words and phrases in bold.
Listen up
1 I’m hopeless when it comes to things that don’t really matter .
4 4.4 Listen to five students talking about 2 I kept it to myself for ages, but in the end I decided to tell my parents.
making up their mind. Which speaker 3 I rushed back in to get it.
mentions the situation in the photo? What is

4 Things are way better at school now.
he worried about?
5 I could get homesick.
5 Read the exam tip and complete the task. 6 They wouldn’t leave me alone.
7 I just got a few bruises – nothing serious.
exam tip: multiple matching 8 They’ve offered me a place, and I don’t know if I should take it up.
Read through all the statements before you

9 There’s always someone out there who’s been through the exact same
thing as you.
listen. The speakers won’t use exactly the
same words, so try to think of other ways of
expressing the information in each statement. Speak up
9
Look at statement A in Ex 6. How could you
Work in pairs. Think of some silly decisions you’ve made and tell your
reword it without losing the meaning?
partner about them. Try to make your partner laugh.
56
1 Read the the grammar box and then situations 1–3. What exam tip: key word transformation
would you say in each situation? Which modals (A–D) could
Key word transformation can test your knowledge of
you use?
grammar, vocabulary and collocations. You must express
1 You heard something about a friend that you don’t believe. a particular idea in a different way, without losing any of
2 Someone invites you to an event but you’re not sure.

the meaning.
3 A school trip is coming up and you wonder what it will be like.

Look at question 1 in Ex 5. ‘It can’t be easy …’ . What is
the opposite of ‘easy’? Will you need it in the answer?
grammar
Think carefully.
explore p150
modal verbs 2 5 Rewrite the sentences using the word given. Use
A
between two and five words, including the word given.
certainty: must/can’t
My friends must get so fed up with me. I’m late for everything.
1 It can’t be easy to decide what to do.
MUST
It can’t be very warm in Finland because it’s so far north.
B possibility (present and future): may (not)/might (not)/could It to decide what
to do.
It might be brilliant. But I could get homesick.
2 Christine couldn’t understand her friend’s attitude.
They may be lying.
ABLE
C general statements about the past: could (Note: You can’t use
couldn’t for generalisations.) Christine
understand her friend’s attitude.

The teasing was constant. They could be so mean.
3 This is probably not the best time to talk about things.
D predictions: should (not)
MIGHT
I should be fine in a couple of days.
This the best time
to talk about things.
2 Read the pairs of sentences. Decide which ones have the same 4 I think you’ll find the talk really enjoyable.
meaning (S) or a different meaning (D).

SHOULD
1 A The weather may be bad but the party will still be on!
You the talk.
B The weather is not very good but the party is still on!
5 It’s a pity Stella didn’t give Mike some better advice.
2 A I can hear a car – that must be Maria.

HAVE
B I can hear a car – that could be Maria.

Stella Mike some
3 A Nobody believes that – I’m sure it isn’t true. better advice.
B Nobody believes that – it can’t be true. 6 It will be necessary to choose your options soon.
3
WILL
Read a student’s blog post about an important day in his life.
Choose the correct modal verbs to complete it. You choose your
options soon.
1must Speak up
I’ve often thought it / can be awful to
study a subject you’re not interested in, but I

6 Work in pairs to prepare a roleplay. Follow these steps.
2might
never thought it
3may /
/ should happen to me!
1 Think of a situation that’s
I must not be the world’s greatest student
causing a problem.
but I’m not bad at sciences. So I chose to study them at

4must
2 Decide on your roles, for
school. I also thought they / could be really useful for
example, friends, brother
my future career. However, after only two weeks, I felt things and sister, parent and child.
5can’t
were all wrong. I was bored! ‘Oh no!’ I thought, this /
3 One person needs to give
shouldn’t be true! However,
6
I couldn’t / should ignore my advice to the other.
feelings, so I went to see the Director of Studies and explained

4 Act out the roleplay to
7
everything. She said that I couldn’t / should choose different the class. Does the class
subjects. I felt such a sense of relief! So you see, sometimes it approve of the advice?
requires courage to change your mind!
I used to think I was bad at making up my mind, but now I’m not so sure. 57
4 Make it happen
USE OF ENGLISH 2 3 Complete the sentences so they are true for you.
1 I think someone is independent if they .
1 Which of these adjectives would you say describe your 2 It’s unfair that we .
personality? Would you use the same ones to describe 3 In my opinion, it’s irresponsible to .
your best friend?

4 Most of our generation are confident about .
active ambitious anxious competitive confident 4 Read the exam tip and answer the questions.
creative outgoing sensible sensitive
exam tip: word formation

2 4.6 Read the vocabulary box. Then listen and complete
Don’t be in a hurry to write the first word you think of –
the descriptions of each person with suitable adjectives.
check first that it fits grammatically in the sentence.
1 The girl is . Remember also to check for appropriate prefixes that fit
2 The girl’s sister is . with the meaning.
3 The boy is . Look at gap 4 in Ex 5. What type of word do you need here?
Noun? Adjective? Adverb? Do you need to add a prefix?
explore vocabulary
5 Complete the article with the correct form of the words
word formation: adjectives in capitals.
- ous, - ive and - ent to make adjectives from

On the same team
Suffixes: use
verbs or nouns.
-ous: curiosity ( n) – curious, generosity ( n) – generous

-ive: aggression ( n) – aggressive, sense ( n, v) – sensitive Lewis and his brother Alexis were active little
v
-ent: depend ( ) – dependent, patience ( n) – patient boys when they were young and often got into
trouble. They were also really 1 . COMPETE
Prefixes: use un- , il-, im-, in-, ir-, dis- to give adjectives the For example, Lewis could become very
opposite meaning. 2 if Alexis screamed louder than PLEASANT
un-: pleasant – unpleasant he did! Fortunately, their parents had a lot of
il-: logical – illogical
3 and hoped that things would PATIENT
im-: possible – impossible improve in the future.
in-: decisive – indecisive
Indeed, at junior school, the boys were always
ir- : responsible – irresponsible
together. However, at secondary school,
dis-: obedient – disobedient Lewis became more 4 and DEPEND
found his own friends. He didn’t always want
his brother hanging around! Their parents
became 5 about them, but Lewis ANXIETY
and Alexis were always so busy that it was
6 to find time to talk. POSSIBLE
As things turned out, there was no need to

worry. Both boys shared an 7 AMBITIOUS
to become top footballers. During a match
one Saturday, Alexis was kicked by a very
8 player. This made Lewis really AGGRESSION
angry and he started to score goal after goal.
From then on, the brothers knew they needed to
be on the same team – always!
Speak up
6 Who would you most like to be like and why?
What qualities do they have that you admire?
58
SPEAKING 7 Work in pairs and take it in turns to
1 Which of the events you have talked about
Power up would be most difficult to organise?
2 What personal qualities are useful if you

1 What kinds of social events are young people interested in? Would you
want to organise an event?
offer to help organise one of those events? Why/Why not?
3 What is the best type of event that would
2 What would you expect if you attended the following social events? involve the majority of students?
Are there any you would not want to attend? Why not? 4 If you could choose one event of your choice
to go to, which would it be?

Battle of the Bands multicultural feast games evening
5 Why is it important to learn about other
3 4.7 Listen to two students answering a question about social events. cultures?
Which events from Ex 2 do they mention?

6 What can students do in class aﬅer
attending an event similar to the ones on
useful language: expressing opinions this page?
I think … Personally, … As far as I know, …
I would say that … In my experience, … It depends on … Speaking extra

In my opinion, …
8 Work in pairs to organise a social event for
the students at your school. Talk about:
4 4.8 Read the useful language and listen again. Listen for the phrases
1 when and where this will happen.
from the useful language that the students use.
2 the cost.
5 Work in pairs and ask and answer the questions using phrases from the 3 the amount of effort needed to organise
useful language. the event.
1 What do you think about karaoke nights?

4 how much general interest there will be.
2 What’s the best way to meet new people at your school or college?
9 Present your ideas from Ex 8 to the
3 Does your school organise enough social activities for young people? class. Take a class vote on the
best idea.
Speak up
exam tip: discussion p166
Make sure that you give full answers to the questions you are asked and
include reasons and/or examples to back up what you say.
Work in groups of three. Read question 1 in Ex 7 and the possible answer
below. Discuss any other possible answers to this question. Students
A and B should discuss and Student C should give feedback on their
answers.
I think the Battle of the Bands would be most difficult (Why?) because
it’s not always easy to find bands who are willing to take part in this sort
of event.
59
4 Make it happen
WRITING
Power up
1 Work in pairs and look at the photos. What do
you think is making these people feel happy?
2 How important is to be happy? What things
make you happy? Make a list of the top five
things. Share with a partner.
4 Read a student’s essay. Is the third point she chose the same as yours?
Do you agree with what she says?
Plan on
3 that we
Read the essay task. Work in pairs and discuss Nowadays, we live in a ‘consumer society’ and we often think
will be happy if we have certain things. But is this always true?
what you might include for the third point.
in a
On the one hand, it is lovely to have the latest gadgets, to live
In your English class, you have been talking
other hand,
about the importance of happiness. Now your
pleasant home and to have nice clothes to wear. On the
py
English teacher has asked you to write an
many people have all these things but despite that, they are unhap
in themselves. So perhaps we have to look elsewh ere to find real
essay for homework.
Write your essay using all the notes and giving

happiness.
are
Two things that cannot be bought are friendship and love. We
reasons for your point of view.
t us,
Many people these days think that
truly glad when we have people around us who love and suppor
think
happiness is something you can buy.
and who we can spend time with. However, people sometimes
ts. That doesn’t work, in
What do you think? they can buy love by giving expensive presen
of
my opinion. Although a diamond ring is an amazing gift, a bunch
Notes flowers may bring more pleasure.
at
Write about: Finally, you can also find happiness through being successful –
• your possessions school, in your work, or in your hobbies. And that can only come
• your personal relationships through hard work.
• (your own idea)
ess
To sum up, we can chase happiness, we can sometimes find happin
– but we can never buy it.
60
Write on
exam tip: essay p167
You should try to evaluate different opinions
in your essay. This means balancing one
opinion against another and reaching a
conclusion about them. Using linking phrases
can help to hold the opinions together.
Read the sentences and complete the gaps
with suitable phrases from the language box.
, it is fairly easy just to do
your homework and follow the lessons.
, if you have a goal, that will
make you push yourself more.
8 Read the essay task and make a list of ideas
for the third point. Work in pairs and share
your ideas and opinions.
In your English class, you have been talking
about the importance of having goals in your
life. Now your English teacher has asked you to
write an essay for homework.
Write your essay using all the notes and giving
We all need goals to aim for in different
areas of our lives. What do you think?
5 Read the language box. Find some of these linking words in the
essay in Ex 4. Notes
Write about:
explore language • academic goals
• personal development goals
useful linking phrases for essay writing • (your own idea)
contrasting summarising
On the one hand, …/On the other hand, … To sum up, …

9 Make some notes for each part of the essay
Although … , Overall, …
and organise your argument. Remember to
However, … In general, … show both sides of the argument clearly.
Despite that, … In conclusion, …
10 Write your essay in 140–190 words.
6 Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

Improve it
1 I feel I need to get out more and meet new people. However, …
2 Although I am close to my family, …

11 Work in pairs. Swap your essays and check
each other’s work. Comment on any areas you

3 On the one hand, I think I should … , but on the other hand, …
think might be improved.
4 I spend a lot of time on the internet. Despite that, …
According to the 2018 World Happiness Report, Finland is the happiest country in the world. 61
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Reading and writing
1 Work in pairs. Look back at the reading task
(Ex 4) on page 52. Think about how you did
with this kind of task. Put ticks next to each of
the skills:
✓✓✓ = great ✓✓ = OK ✓ = needs improvement
1 inferring meaning from clues in
the text
SWITCH ON
deducing the meaning of unknown
words and phrases
3 understanding what pronouns in
the text are referring to
2 Work in pairs and compare your answers to
My ‘Year 12’ life Ex 1. For any skills with only one tick, discuss
the strategies you can use to improve them.

1 Work in pairs. Do you know any famous vloggers? What’s the
purpose of their vlogs?

3 Read this paragraph from a student’s essay.
Look at the highlighted words and phrases.

2 Watch the clip. What do Alex and Angela say is important
What mistakes has the student made?
to them?
3 Watch again. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? On the one hand, you can’t buy peoples
1 The teenagers are filmed for one year.
friendship with generous presents or money.
On other hand, it’s a challenge to be close
2 Alex and Ezra are brothers.
frends with people who have much more
3 This year, Angela is focusing on her studies.
money that you. I used to be friends with
4 Taekwondo helped Angela gain confidence.
a group who met every Saturday for lunch
5 Angela regrets taking time off school.
in a café. I didn’t have much money then,
so I cudn’t buy some food, and I felt quite
4 Would you like to be a vlogger? Why/Why not? What would you
vlog about?
embarrassed on this. I must to sit and watch
them eat every week, pretending that I
wasn’t hungry. Those Saturdays defnitly
didn’t make me happy!
Project
5 Work in pairs to create a vlog about a hobby or interest.
1 Research some well-known young vloggers. Compare their vlogs and

4 Work in pairs. Give the paragraph in Ex 3 a
mark from 1 (not very good) to 5 (excellent) for

make notes about:
each of these criteria.
• if they always talk about the same topic.
1 clear meaning 3 wide vocabulary
• the style of their vlogs.
2 wide variety of 4 accurate grammar
• where they vlog.
structures 5 accurate spelling
• how oﬅen they vlog.
2 Choose a topic for your vlog. Create a mind map with ideas for what
5 Work in pairs. Choose a paragraph from the
essay you wrote on page 61 and show it to your

you will talk about.
partner. Review each others’ work using the
3 Write a script for your vlog and practise it or video it.
criteria in Ex 4.
4 Share it with another pair and give each other feedback.
6 Complete the sentences with your own reading
and writing goals.
1 One thing I will do to improve my reading
skills is .
2 One thing I will do to improve my writing
62 skills is .
UNIT CHECK
Wordlist
People embarrassed about curiosity (n) – curious ( adj) packed (adj)
coach (n) enthusiastic about depend (v) – (in)dependent possessions (n pl)
community (n) fed up with (adj ) rush (v)
generosity (n) – generous (adj)

company (n) frightened of scholarship (n)
patience (n) – (im)patient (adj)

mate (n) good at sprint (n)
referee (n) happy about sense (n,v) – sensitive/sensible sth doesn’t matter (v)
(adj )
rival (n) hopeless at stand (n)
role model (n) keen on Word formation: adjective stretcher (n)
popular with
prefixes un-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, way better (phr)
Phrasal verbs
dis-
proud of
cheer sb up Extra
decisive – indecisive
sad about
fall out (with sb) championship ( n)
logical – illogical
stressed about
get away (from sb/sth) compete (v)
obedient – disobedient
worried about
get on (with sb) competition (n)
pleasant – unpleasant
get sb down Personality adjectives competitor (n)

possible – impossible
go through sth active consumer society (phr )

responsible – irresponsible
stick to sth ambitious contest (n)

Other
take sth up anxious gadget (n)
bruise (n)
talk sth over competitive multicultural (adj )
conserve (v)
confident opponent (n)
Adjectives + prepositions
courage (n)
creative personal relationship (phr )
addicted to
gadget (n)
outgoing possessions (n pl)
afraid of
homesick (adj )
sensible qualify (v)
anxious about
honour (n)
sensitive victory (n)
bad at
intense (adj)
bored of Word formation: verbs,

keep sth to yourself (phr )
brilliant at nouns and adjectives

leave sb alone (phr)
capable of aggression (n) – aggressive ( adj)

optimistic (adj )
Practice
1 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. 3 4.10 Listen and check your answers.
1
4
People are really enthusiastic the new film club
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
at school. It’s popular everyone.
2 Why don’t you go out on your bike to get from

1 Ben is really pleased because the team he supports won
the victory / championship last year.

everything for a while? That might cheer you
a bit. 2 Our tennis coach / referee makes us work hard but he
3 Anna is capable becoming a fantastic athlete,

certainly gets results.
but she isn’t very keen her coach. 3 People oﬅen worry about their personal relationships /
4 I’m fed up my friends at the moment.

possessions with family and friends.
They keep falling with each other. 4 The new chess champion quickly beat her
5 I used to be hopeless understanding people’s

competitor / opponent.
feelings, but I’m better it now. 5 I can’t say I’m worried / optimistic about winning
6 I’m really anxious changing school.

because the other team are really good.
I hope I get with my new classmates. 6 One aspect of a role model / consumer society is that
people always want to buy more and better things.
2 4.9 Listen and write the missing word from the Personality 7 It’s important for us to feel we live in a community /
adjectives and Word formation sections of the wordlist. company of caring people.
1 3 5 8 The atmosphere in the stadium was packed / intense as
2 4 6 the athletes lined up for the final.
63
UNIT CHECK
Review
1 Complete the text with these words. 3 Complete the text with one word in each gap.
A bit of courage goes a long way!

allowed can’t had have may need should shouldn’t
Five ways to
I used to be shy. When a situation made me nervous, I
1 go bright red in the face – awful! Anyway,

communicate better 2
it getting me down and my best friend
with your parents 3
agreed that I better do something about it.
1 In any conversation with your parents, you

The opportunity came when I went out for a family meal
4
be willing to compromise if necessary. You
at a local restaurant. My parents wouldn’t
always have everything your own way. me to go to a friend’s party, so I was in a mood.
2 Parents have to read your mind to find

When we got there, I marched crossly into the restaurant.
out why you are upset. Tell them what the matter is!
Suddenly, I noticed some kids from my school at a corner
3 If you aren’t to do something, such as stay

table. I knew I
5 go straight over to them
out late, there is probably a good reason for that. 6
before I lost my courage, so that’s what I .
4 If, on the other hand, your parents say that you

I started chatting and they were really friendly!
stay out a bit later than usual, you
Without realising it, my family

7 helped
better not forget the time!
5 If you’ve done something that you shouldn’t me to become more self-confident. I feel very proud of
8
done, tell your parents yourself before myself and I know that things never be
they find out some other way. that bad!
6 Make sure you thank your parents when they do
something for you. Parents have feelings, too, and they
to know you love them! 4 4.11 Listen to a girl talking about her life and complete
the sentences with these words or phrases. There is one
extra that you do not need.
2 Rewrite the sentences using the words given. Use between
two and five words, including the word given. can’t could have to might must mustn’t
1 It will not be possible for me to attend training on Thursday.

1 Penny’s sister be a bit annoying when she
ABLE
was younger.
I attend training on Thursday.

2 Penny stay out too late in the evening.
2 It was a mistake to ask her about James.

3 Penny’s sister be proud of what she has
SHOULD achieved.
I her about James. 4 Penny says that everyone look better than
3 Why don’t you take up a new hobby? you do.
OUGHT 5 She also says that you don’t listen to people
who make you feel bad!

I think you a new hobby.
4 I must see a doctor about this cough.

5 Read the student’s problem and write a short email giving
them your advice. Use 2–3 examples of modal verbs.

GOT
I a doctor about this cough.
5 We started to perform together two years ago.

My teachers at school are always comparing me to
my older cousin, Mark, because he was one of the

FOR
best students. My parents do the same thing as well.
We two years.
How can I improve things at school and what should
6 It is not necessary to get there before five o’clock.
I say to my parents?
NEED
We there before five o’clock.
64
Teachers
open the
door, but
you must
enter by
yourself.
5
1 Why do people need an education?
2 What skills are important to learn that
teachers can’t teach you?
3 In what ways do you learn outside the
classroom?
Lessons for life

topic: video games in class learning skills; open cloze topic: new activities at school
skill: using linking words as learning phrasal verbs multiple-choice cloze skill: using informal and
clues semi-formal register

SPEAKING
money
task: gapped text task: semi-formal letter

uncountable nouns
topic: life skills
GRAMMAR LISTENING skill: justifying your opinion

SWITCH ON
defining and non-defining video: school for the arts
topic: money management task: collaborative task
relative clauses
project: class survey on
skill: predicting answers
reduced relative clauses popular activities
65
5 Lessons for life
READING 6 Find words or phrases in the article that mean the following.
1 not considered important (para 2)
2 likely to run out (para 4)

Power up
3 effects (para 4)
1 What video games are the most popular with people your 4 relating to what is right and wrong (para 4)
age? Why do you think they like these games?

5 wars (para 5)
6
2 What influence do video games have on young people?
have contact (para 5)
Work in pairs and discuss the positive and negative effects 7 a sudden large increase (para 6)
of playing video games. 8 a way of doing something (para 7)
Read on Sum up
3 Read the article about gaming in schools quickly. Does it 7 Why do the teachers at Nordahl Grieg School like including
mention any of your ideas from Ex 2? video games in their lessons?

Speak up
exam tip: gapped text 8 To what extent are these statements true for learning from
video games? And for traditional schoolwork?

Think about the relationship between the gapped sentence
and the sentences around it. Linking words can give

1 ‘Making mistakes is the best way to learn.’
you clues. For example, are they expressing a contrast, 2 ‘When you’re doing well, you don’t want to stop.’
an additional idea, a cause or effect, an example, a time 3 ‘It’s worth trying hard, even if you don’t succeed.’
sequence?
Read the first two paragraphs of the text, stopping aﬅer
gap 1. Look at sentences A–G in Ex 5 and find one or more
that seem to fit the topic. What clues do the linking words in
the text or the gapped sentences give you?
5 Read the article again. Choose which sentence (A–G)
fits each gap (2–6). There is one extra sentence you do
not need.
A Not everyone shares this enthusiasm, however.
B As they play through parts of the game, they have to make
a series of difficult choices.
C Aleksander Husøy, who is a teacher at the school, thinks
this is just the start.
D This gives them a better understanding of international
relations.
E As a result, the improvement was unexpected, even for
the students.
F And we’re not only talking about educational ones that
are designed to teach something but aren’t much fun.
G In addition, the game encourages a creative approach
which is rarely found in classes on this subject.
66 The worst criticism of homework: it’s too hard. The worst criticism of a video game: it’s too easy.
It’s a normal school day, and students are playing a video Another skill developed through playing a video game
game while their teacher watches happily. An impossible at the school is empathy. In Civilization ®, which is used
dream? Not if you study at Nordahl Grieg School in in social science classes, students focus on world
Bergen, Norway. politics by simulating real-world, modern-day conflicts,
and playing through possible ways to achieve peace.

While many schools and parents 4
It also provides
are trying to reduce the number
While many schools and memorable experiences of being
of hours young people spend
parents are trying to reduce in the shoes of people with very
on gaming, teachers here are
the number of hours young different opinions and aims. The
making video games a central part
greater empathy that results from
1 people spend on gaming,
of their lessons.
this is extremely useful in the
teachers here are making
Bestselling games created just for
modern world, where we interact
video games a central part
entertainment are also used in class.
with people from a wide variety of
The teachers find that they can help of their lessons.
backgrounds.
develop important skills which are
often overlooked in traditional lessons. Students also study video games in literature classes
and create their own in information technology.

Students use the puzzle game Portal™ in physics to 5
‘I truly believe that within a few years
simulate experiments that would be too dangerous in the
we will see a huge explosion in the use of games in an
real world. They have to make up their own experiments
educational context,’ he says.
in the game environment, for example throwing huge
objects from buildings of different heights to test the laws And what do his students feel about this new approach
of gravity. Seeing the results makes the topic easier to to learning? One student writes on the school blog:
2
understand. ‘I think it is a good way to make us think of “work”
differently. It gets much easier if you actually enjoy it

People might not believe that a game like The Walking
and want to do more than necessary.’ Another, Henrik,
Dead® can teach anything useful. However, according
likes the way that games get people to work together to
to Tobias Staaby, Nordahl Grieg’s moral philosophy
achieve something. 6 ‘I was already very
teacher, experiencing a dangerous world where there are
happy with the “normal” way of learning,’ writes Hanne,
zombies around every corner offers his students important
‘so I don’t really feel like I need another alternative.’ She
3
educational opportunities. For example,
accepts, though, that she has classmates whose feelings
they decide who to share their limited food supplies with,
about traditional teaching methods are less positive,
whose life to save, and so on. Discussing these decisions
and that new approaches that allow them to be more
brings to life for the students the consequences of using
focused are useful.
different systems to judge what is right and wrong. This,
in turn, develops the confidence they need to make moral Her friend Jakob sums up the reaction of the majority of
choices in their adult lives. students. ‘We’re living the dream!’
67
5 Lessons for life
GRAMMAR 4 Join the sentences using these words. Use the words in
bold to help you and add commas where necessary. In
which sentences can we leave out the relative pronoun?
1 Read the grammar box. Are the relative clauses in these
sentences defining or non-defining?

that when where which who whose
1 Nordahl Grieg School, where Hanne studies, has about
800 students. 1 I’d love to visit Greece. A lot of famous philosophers
2 The guy that teaches physics loves video games.

lived there.
3 Jakob, who goes to the school, is very happy.

2 I have a friend. She designs her own clothes.
4 The day when we first played Portal was exciting.

3 I learnt to swim in a river. It runs through my town.
4 Every Sunday, I learn a lot about teamwork. I play

5
basketball then.
My oldest cousin is into politics. His name is Ivan.
defining relative clauses 6 The school has only just bought the tablets. We used
A
them yesterday.
These give us essential information. We can use who, which ,
when , where, whose and that. 5 Complete the article with relative pronouns.
The game encourages a creative approach which is rarely Which gaps can have no relative pronoun?
found in classes on this subject.
Improve your
They experience a dangerous world where there are zombies
around every corner.
She has classmates whose feelings are less positive.

problem solving skills
B We can use that instead of who and which.
1
An important thing young
New approaches that allow students to be more focused
people in the twenty-first century need to be able to do
are useful.
is solve problems. But what can people 2
C We can leave out who, which and that when they are the
want to improve this skill do? Here are the suggestions of
object of the verb.
3
Mike Henderson, job is to study the brain:
It develops the confidence (which) they need.
Sleep. Your brain makes new connections between
4
non-defining relative clauses different ideas during the time you are
D These give us extra, non-essential information. We use

asleep. Too little sleep hurts your brain’s development.
commas to separate them from the main sentence. Play games. Video games, board games and puzzles
Aleksander Husøy, who is a teacher at the school, thinks this exercise your brain. The part of your body 5
is just the start. you process thoughts becomes stronger with exercise,
just like your arms and legs.

In this game, which is played in social science lessons,
students focus on world politics. 6

Take up yoga. This activity, helps you to
Note: We can’t use that instead of who or which, and we relax, also improves your brain’s ability to solve problems.
can’t leave out the relative pronoun.
2 5.1 Listen to a student talking about one of his teachers.

Speak up
How did Mr Mill help him?
6 What do you like and dislike? Discuss these topics using

3 5.2 Match the sentence halves from the recording. Rewrite
relative clauses.
them using a different relative pronoun. Sometimes no change
is possible. Listen again and check your answers.

beaches days food games or sports shops
1 There’s one teacher
2 It was a time I like shops where the clothes don’t cost too much.
3 People were always laughing at my handwriting,
4 She’d even won a national prize for a story game on

Work in teams and prepare six questions with relative
A that had a big influence on me.
clauses about famous people, places or things. Then
B which she’d written. have a quiz.
C when I really hated writing. What’s the name of the country where the first
D which was very difficult to read. Nintendo games consoles were made?
68 Studies show that people make more accurate decisions when listening to fast music than slow music.
VOCABULARY 4 5.3 Match the students’ comments (1–5) with what they say next
(A–E). Then listen and check your answers.
learning skills 1 I make notes aﬅer class to sum up what I’ve learnt.
2 My teacher talks really fast, so it’s hard to keep up when I’m taking notes.
1 Complete the text about learning different
3 I was ill last week, and I’ve started to fall behind with my school work.
skills with these words.
4 I know the homework’s difficult, but if you just get on with it, it’ll soon
be finished.
confidence creativity intelligence
knowledge memory 5 I can pick up new English vocabulary quite well.
A Don’t give up!
Forefront School B So I’m going to study at the weekend to catch up.
C Then, before a test, I can look through them easily.
At Forefront School , we aim to give D However, I’m hopeless when I have to make up stories in English.
1
you not only the subject E I need to work out a way to write faster.
you need to pass exams, but also the
skills that will help you to succeed in
life. Your natural

2 only gets
explore vocabulary
you part of the way towards successful
learning phrasal verbs
learning; however clever you are, we
It is a good idea to group phrasal verbs together according to topic as this

can help you to develop better learning
can make them easier to learn, e.g. Education.
skills and improve your short and long-
term
3 , so that you can sum up, get on with, look through, give up
remember the facts you need when they Always record them with an example sentence, too.
matter most. We also have lots of clubs to
encourage your
4 , including
music, game design and story writing.

5 Read the vocabulary box. Then find phrasal verbs about learning with
these meanings in Ex 4.
Study here and you will leave us with the
5 to take on any challenge
1 read quickly 6 do things as quickly as other people
that you might meet in the adult world. 2 invent (a story) 7 think carefully how to solve a problem
3 continue doing 8 make less progress than other people
2 Choose the correct prepositions. Which three

4 describe briefly 9 learn by listening or watching
of the highlighted phrases (1–6) have very 5 stop trying 10 reach the same level as other people
similar meanings?
6 Choose the correct adjectives to complete the questions.
1 Concentrate to / on / at your homework.
2 Revise to / on / for the test. academic advanced common general higher practical
3 Pay attention to / at / in your spelling.
4 Learn this poem in / on / by heart.

1 Do you think you have good knowledge?
5 You’ll have to cope to / with / for some 2 Do you think it is better to have intelligence or sense?
hard questions.
3 Do you have any experience of programming computers?
6 Focus to / on / at the first question.

4 What qualifications would you like to study for?
3 Work in pairs and and discuss the questions. 5 Do you want to go on to education?
1 Do you have a good memory? What do you 6 Would you like to have an level of English?
remember easily? What are you more likely
to forget?
Speak up
2 In what situations is it hard to focus on your
lessons? 7 Look at the words in Ex 1. To what extent are you born with these qualities?
3
How much are they influenced by your home life and education?
What do you do to revise for exams?
69
5 Lessons for life
LISTENING 3 5.5 Listen to a radio interview with Lena, who writes a blog,
and choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1 Why did Lena start her blog?
Power up A She was surprised by young people’s poor money management.
1 Look at the school subjects below. Would you like to

B She was disappointed that schools didn’t teach money
management.
learn these skills at school? Why/Why not?
C She was impressed by the way her sister managed her money.
car maintenance first aid money management 2 What does Lena say about her use of time?
A She wastes time and then has to work hard to catch up.
B She puts most of her time into school work.

Listen up
C She takes regular breaks when she’s working.
2 5.4 Read the exam tip and complete the task. 3 What does Lena think about sharing her own experiences on
the blog?

A She thinks doing this all the time would make her blog dull.
The interviewer in the recording asks 7 questions.

B She thinks she would lose her private life if she did this.
Each one relates to an exam question, but the C She thinks doing this is only useful when it can entertain
questions you hear in the interview may be different people.
to the words used on the page. When you hear the 4 What’s Lena’s opinion of shampoo?
interviewer ask a question, you know you need to

A It’s better to use shampoo that doesn’t need water.
move on to the next exam question.
B It’s easier to stop using shampoo than toothpaste and soap.
C
Read question 1 in Ex 3. Listen to the first part of
It’s not worth giving up shampoo.
the interview and focus on what the interviewer
says. What words do you hear that relate to

5 What advice does Lena give about saving money?
question 1? A Keep your money in the bank.
B Ask someone else to keep it safe.
C Decide on an amount to save each month.
6 What’s Lena’s biggest tip for spending less?
A Prepare your own coffee at home.
B Buy second-hand clothes on the internet.
C Give people homemade birthday cards.
7 How does Lena feel about the ’thirty-day rule’?
A She’s more enthusiastic about it at some times of year than
at others.
B She’s fed up with using it when she’s shopping.
C She’s sorry that she decided to follow it.
4 Work in pairs and discuss the meaning of the words and phrases
in bold.
1 She had a really hard time financially.
2 I don’t use my time efficiently.
3 They’ve stopped buying products that most of us consider
essential.
4 What ways to save money do you recommend?
5 People oﬅen forget their good intentions.
6 Invest in a coffee machine.
7 Make a flask of coffee at home in the morning.
8 The coffee sold in coffee shops costs a fortune.
5 Which of Lena’s ideas for saving money would you like to try? Why?
Speak up
6 Work in groups and try to think of other money-saving ideas.
Choose the best one and prepare a presentation to give to the class.
70
USE OF ENGLISH 1 3 Rewrite the phrases in bold to make reduced relative clauses.
1 My school is the only one in my area that offers courses
1 If you could take any unusual classes at school, what

in childcare.
would they be? What can schools do to prepare 2 Babies who are leﬅ on their own for long periods can become
students for life beyond school? Is this important? very upset.
3 What’s the most useful technique that you have been taught
2 Read the grammar box. Then read the news report

on the course?
4
and choose the correct words. Sometimes both are
It’s hard to cope with the lack of sleep which is caused by
possible.
looking aﬅer a baby.
5
grammar
My school also has a club that teaches first aid.
explore p152 6 How can I help people who suffer from headaches?
reduced relative clauses 4 Read the exam tip and complete the task.
exam tip:
Instead of using a full relative clause, we can sometimes
use a present or past participle aﬅer a noun. open cloze
Read the whole sentence around a gap, and see if you recognise
A If the verb in the original relative clause is active, we
a grammatical structure or fixed phrase. What kind of word is
use the present participle (- ing form). missing (e.g. noun, adjective, pronoun)?
There were loads of people who were having having

Look at the sentence around gap 1 in Ex 5. What structure is
the same problems as my sister.
this? What kind of word is needed to fill the gap?
Anyone who does that doing that can save money.
B The relative pronoun must be the subject, not the
object, of the verb in the relative clause. 5 Read the blog post about a girl who tries babysitting.
Complete the text with one word in each gap.

People who plan to save their money spend it
anyway. ( who is the subject of plan.)

→ People planning to save their money spend it
anyway.
A nine-year-old HER !
Give the money that you’re saving to your parents.
(that is the object of ’re saving.)

→ Give the money saving to your parents. 1
I have several friends money as babysitters,
C If the verb in the relative clause is passive , we use and I thought I’d try it too. I put up an advert in a local shop
2 all my neighbours buy their food, and the next
the past participle.
3
day I got a call from someone for a babysitter.
The coffee that is sold sold in coffee shops costs
a fortune. 4
The first part of the evening went fine. Dane,
They’ve stopped buying products which are is nine, was watching TV and his three-year-old sister, Milly,
considered considered essential by most of us. was playing with a little ball 5 to her by Dane.
But then Milly put the ball in her mouth, and it went halfway
down her throat. She couldn’t breathe! When I saw her face,
Teenagers
1 studying / who study at Northolm 6
was turning purple, I panicked.
High School have been experiencing life with a baby.

Luckily, Dane knew exactly what to do. He put Milly over his
The school, opening / opened last year by the
2
knees and hit her on the back four times. Milly coughed, and
Queen, wants its students to understand some of the the ball came out 7 her mouth.
challenges parents having / that parents have,
3
8
so it uses life-like dolls designing / designed to
4 It turned out that a first aid video to the
children in Dane’s class had included information about

need the same attention as a real baby. Student Jake
choking. That video, and an amazing nine-year-old, saved
Edwards looked after a baby called Tilly. His nights,
Milly’s life!
interrupting / interrupted again and again by
5
Tilly’s crying, were exhausting. One day, he and the
baby both fell asleep in the park. When he woke up,
Tilly wasn’t on the blanket where

6
leaving / he’d left Speak up
her! ‘I was so worried,’ he said. ‘Later I found out that
a friend passing / who passed us in the park had

7 6 Have you ever done an activity that was so difficult it scared you?
taken her as a joke! I hope the next person looking

8 Did you learn something from the experience? Can you think of any
after / looked after her does a better job than me!’

other activities that might be really challenging? What would be the
challenges of doing these activities? Work in pairs and share your ideas.
Babysitter (n): a teenager acting like an adult, while the adults are out acting like teenagers. 71
5 Lessons for life
1 Is money important to you? Would you like to have your exam tip: multiple-choice cloze
own business? Why/Why not?
Words are oﬅen used in the same word patterns. When you
2
learn new vocabulary, write it down in a sentence and learn
Match these words about money with the definitions (1–6).
the word pattern. That will help you in this kind of task.
Look at gap 1 in Ex 5. What word have you learnt that is

bargain currency discount exchange rate receipt voucher
oﬅen used with practical ?
1 a kind of ticket that you can use to pay for things
2 the value of money from one country compared with

6 Read the blog post and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
money from another country best fits each gap.
3 something that’s very good value for money
4 a reduction in the usual price of something
5
6
the type of money that a country uses
a piece of paper showing you paid for something

Help!
3 Complete the sentences with the correct words.
Do you have any
1 earn/win
good business ideas?
A I’d love to some money on the lottery!

My friends and I are taking part in a club at school
B How much do you from your café job? called Business Brains, which gives teenagers
2 pay/afford practical
1 of running a business. You have to
2
A You’ll have to £200 for a new bike. think of a business idea, out how much cash
B I can’t a new bike, unfortunately.

you need to get started, and borrow it from family
3
3 borrow/lend
and friends. Then you try to money through the
business, and any profit that you make is given to a

A Can I your sunglasses, please?
4
charity that helps sick children. My group some
B Will you me your pen for a minute?
calendars with photos that we took ourselves. We
4 spend/waste
were really
5 of them. We decided to sell them at
A I a lot of money on the clothes I buy.
the market, but we couldn’t
6 a rain cover for our
B I a lot of money on clothes I never wear. stall. It was a very rainy day, and all the calendars
5 cost/worth were ruined!
A Some old comics are a lot of money. So, to

7 up, our business is a disaster. In three
B The concert tickets $100. weeks we have to pay back the money that our
friends and family

8 us, but we haven’t got any.
explore vocabulary We need to make money fast. But how? Please
message me if you have any ideas.
uncountable nouns Marta

activities: karate, music, drama
school subjects: economics, philosophy, physics

1 A experience B knowledge C information D sense
ideas and feelings: advice, education, love

2 A turn B work C leave D go
groups of similar things: food, money, soﬅware

3 A gain B earn C win D cost
4 A constructed B built C produced D formed
4 Read the vocabulary box. Choose the correct words to 5 A pleased B happy C capable D proud
complete the text. What makes the answers correct: word

6 A afford B pay C spend D waste
7 A B C D
meaning, pattern or countable/uncountable nouns?
pick keep give sum
1
You can find advice / information in online encyclopaedias
2 3
8 A lent B sold C saved D borrowed
on subjects from currency / economics to literature /
plot. When it comes to practical things like how to use
new
4
soﬅware / computer, however, video clips are more
Speak up
useful. If you want to write your own code, you’ll need many
5
months / time of practice before you can use a programming
7 Work in groups. Discuss what you would do if you were
6 Marta. Then think of your own idea for a business.

language / dialect competently.
72 If you arrange the new UK 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins correctly, they make a secret shield design.
SPEAKING
Power up
1 Look at the photos. Would you learn useful skills from doing these
activities? What else could these experiences teach you?
2 Which do you think is the best way to learn to do the things in the
photos? Why?
• by going on a course • at school • from your family
• from your friends • from a book • from online videos
3 What skills should be included in a course on how to survive in the wild?
4 5.6 Listen to two students talking about learning survival skills at 8 Work in pairs. Read the task about things
school. What useful skills do they mention? that students could have lessons on at school.
Discuss which lessons are important for
5 Read these arguments from the recording. Are they for or against having students to have and why.
survival skills classes at school?
1 If you do outdoor sports – skiing, for instance, or rock climbing – it’s the culture of other countries careers advice
probably quite a good idea to learn to survive in the wild.
2 If you’re not into outdoor activities, there’s no point, really.

Is it important for students to have
3 What about if you ended up on a desert island aﬅer a plane crash or
lessons on these things at school?
something?
4 Skills in building a shelter, finding food or safe water to drink might save
your life. car cookery stress
5 They’re more important than subjects such as chemistry.

maintenance management
6 What I’m trying to say is, schools don’t have the right facilities.
7 Take fishing, for example. It’s a useful skill, but you can’t learn it at a
9 You now have about a minute to decide
which two subjects are the most important.

typical school!
useful language: language for discussions Speaking extra

explaining an opinion
10 Who should decide what’s in
the school curriculum:

What I mean is … What I’m trying to say is … What I meant was …
students, teachers or
giving examples
the government?
A good example of this is … Take … , for example. … such as … Why?
… like … … for instance …
6 Read the useful language. Work in pairs and discuss whether it’s a good
idea to learn home maintenance in school. Use expressions from the
useful language.
Speak up
exam tip: collaborative task p166
There is no right answer to this part of the exam. The important thing is
to express opinions and explain and justify them in some detail.
Read the task in Ex 8 and focus on the first idea, ‘the culture of other
countries’. Decide whether you think it’s important to learn this at school.
What can you say to explain and justify your opinion?
73
5 Lessons for life
WRITING Plan on
2 You see this notice on your school noticeboard. What does Mr Okoro
Power up want from his students? Why? What suggestions could you give?
1 Read the advert for classes and answer the

We are planning special lessons for Wednesday afternoons, which will help
questions.
you improve the way you study. We’d like to know what type of lessons
Which of these classes do you think would be: you think would be most successful and why. Please write to me with your
1 the most fun? Why? suggestions, so that we can plan the best timetable for you.
2 the least fun? Why? Mr Okoro
3 the most likely to help you improve the
way you study? Why?
3 Read a student’s reply in a letter and answer the questions.
1 Has she included any of the ideas from Ex 1?
2 Has she included any other ideas?
3
Ideas for new classes that might
Has she given reasons and explanations for all her main points?
improve the way you study Dear Mr Okoro,

I am writing to share with you my ideas for the new Wednesday
mindfulness: afternoon lessons.
how to relax and
have positive Firstly, I recommend starting chess lessons at school. Studies have
x tasks,
thoughts shown that playing chess helps you to concentrate on comple
we are studying. In addition,
and this would be of great benefit when
severa l
it would be easy to teach it successfully, since the school has
strong chess players who could help any beginners at the game.
brain- we
training Secondly, I think we should have brain-training lessons, where
play games that help us to think fast and improve our memory.
In
skills: computer
my opinion, brain-training computer games are extrem ely effect ive.
games with fun
be useful,
challenges
However, games which don’t require computers might also
ork
so that we can interact with our classmates and develop teamw
skills as we play.
food for Finally, have you considered training some
thought: students to support others in the classroom?
healthy food for a
As well as benefiting the students receiving
the help, it would be a useful experience for
busy brain
the student teachers, because explaining

a subject to someone else helps you to
chess club: understand it yourself.
logical thinking I hope you find my suggestions useful.
skills
With best wishes,
Dina
sudoku and
puzzles:
problem-solving
skills
74 ‘Education is what remains aﬅer you’ve forgotten everything you learned at school.’ (Albert Einstein)
4 Which of the words in the table does Dina use
Write on
in her letter? Which words does she use to
add her other ideas?

6 Read the writing task and find the key points. Work in pairs and discuss
giving reasons as, since, because your ideas for what to include in your letter.
adding ideas also, in addition, too, as

You see this notice on the school noticeboard.
well as, and, plus
Dear students,
explore language We are planning to introduce some new after-school activities. They
could be sports, creative activities, academic subjects, or anything else
The tone we use in letters and emails depends that would benefit students in their future lives. We’d like to know what
on who we are writing to. type of activities you think would be most useful and why. Please write
to me with three suggestions, so that we can plan the best after-school

informal tone
programme for you.
Use this to write to a friend.

Mrs Linney
Use phrasal verbs where possible.

Write your letter to Mrs Linney.
Use slang if you want to (e.g. awesome and

cool).
Use that or no relative pronoun, not which or 7 Choose three ideas for your letter and write a sentence about each, giving a
who. reason for each choice. Then work in pairs and swap sentences. Check if you
both gave clear, sensible reasons for each choice.

Don’t use formal linking words (e.g. owing to).
8 Read the exam tip and plan your letter.
semi-formal tone
Use this to write to a person in authority.

exam tip: semi-formal letters and emails p169
Use phrasal verbs or longer verbs.

• Use suitable opening and closing phrases.
Don’t use slang.

• Give the reason why you are writing in the opening sentence (I am
Use any relative pronouns or none. writing to …) so that the reader knows immediately what the letter or
email relates to.
Use formal or informal linking words.
• If you need to include several ideas, you can start paragraphs with
Use polite language, e.g.
Firstly … , Secondly … and Finally …
Would you like … ? instead of Do you want … ?
Perhaps we could … ? instead of Let’s … Read Dina’s letter again and find the places where she has included
these points.
Please could you … ? instead of an imperative.
5 Read the language box and the sentences (1–6).

9 Write your letter in 140–190 words.
Rewrite them using these phrases to give them
a semi-formal tone. Improve it
it might also be a good idea to

10 Swap your letter with a partner. Use this checklist to help each other
improve your letters. Make notes.

much more enjoyable very interesting
I’d be grateful if you could
Does it have suitable opening and closing phrases?
1 Firstly, I think sudoku and puzzles would be Does the message start with the reason for writing?
extremely helpful.
Is the letter organised into clear and logical paragraphs?
2 Computer games would be way cooler than
Does it give a clear, sensible reason for each choice?
chess, but would be just as useful.
3 Mindfulness classes may help me to pay

Is there a good range of language to introduce reasons and
additional ideas?
attention.
4 Classes on healthy eating would be Does it use a semi-formal tone?
awesome!
Can you see any mistakes in the spelling, grammar or punctuation?
5 Have a think about my suggestions.
6
11
Hey! Let’s put some puzzles in the school
Report back to your partner outlining the things that were good about
newsletter too!
their letter and suggesting one area for improvement.
75
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Listening and speaking
1 Work in pairs. Look back at the multiple
choice listening task (Ex 3) on page 70. Think
about how you did with this task. Put ticks
next to each of the skills:
1 understanding the written questions
2 understanding the general idea of
SWITCH ON
what you heard
3 understanding the detailed information
that you heard
4 understanding the speaker’s opinions
and attitudes
School for the arts 5 choosing the ABC options that
matched what you heard

1 What are some things people your age might be passionate about?
Do you know anyone who has unusual talents or abilities?

2 Work in pairs and compare your answers to
Ex 1. For any skills with only one tick, discuss

2 Watch the clip. What is unusual about Baltimore School For
the strategies you can use to improve them.
The Arts?
3 Now think about your speaking skills. Read
3 Watch the clip again. Match the speakers (1–4) with what they
this list and add ticks as you did in Ex 1. Then
say (A–D).
compare with a partner. For any skills with
A sometimes doubts their choices and abilities 1 Maurice only one tick, discuss the strategies you can
B thinks most students will continue to work in the arts 2 Chris

use to improve them.
C was encouraged by a teacher to audition 3 Mateen

When I am speaking, I can:
D believes passion from one subject can be 4 Kate

1 use a range of grammar and vocabulary.
transferred to another 2 speak fluently, without much hesitation.
3
4
speak with pronunciation that is easy
Look at these sentences from the video. Change the end of the
to understand.
sentences to make them true for you.
4 respond to classmates in order to keep
1 I’m still trying to figure out what I want to do with my life but
a conversation going.
right now my main focus is .
5 move a discussion towards a decision.
2 I think you should spend time doing things that .
4 Complete the sentences with your own
listening and speaking goals.
Project
1 One thing I will do to improve my listening
5 Work in small groups to create a survey to investigate what activities skills is .
your classmates would like to do at school.
1 Write survey questions to find out what talents and passions your
2
classmates would like to develop at school. Include questions about:
One thing I will do to improve my speaking
• what things they would like to have more time to learn or practise.
skills is .
• activities they would like to see included in the school day.
• what students think they would be able to teach others.
2 Survey the students in your class using your questions.
3 Create a bar graph or pie chart using the data you collected from
your survey.
4 Present your results to the class.
76
UNIT CHECK
Wordlist
Learning skills make up exchange rate (n) explosion (n)
concentrate (on) (v) pick up lend (v) financially (adv)
confidence (n) sum up pay (v) first aid (n)
cope (with) (v) work out receipt (n) flask ( n)
creativity (n) save (v) good intentions (phr)

Collocations
focus (on) (v) spend (v) information technology (n)

academic qualifications
intelligence (n) voucher(n) interact (v)

advanced level
knowledge (n) waste (v) invest (in) (v)

common sense
learn sth by heart (phr) win (v) limited (adj )

general knowledge
memory (n) worth (adj) literature (n)

higher education
pay attention to (phr) money management (n)

practical experience Other
revise (for) (v) moral ( adj)

approach (n)
Money
overlook (v)
Phrasal verbs car maintenance (n)
afford (v)
philosophy (n)
catch up childcare (n)
bargain (n)
physics (n)
fall behind conflict (n)
borrow (v)
politics (n)
get on with consequences (n)
cost (v)
recommend (v)
give up consider (v)
currency (n)
social science (n)
keep up cost a fortune (phr)
discount (n)
look through efficiently (adv)

earn (v)
Practice
1 Complete the sentences with words from the Money 2 Read the online comments and complete each gap with the
section of the wordlist. You can use each word only once. correct form of one word from the wordlist.
1 I want to my money for the school trip, but
there’s a fiﬅy percent on these shoes, so it How do you learn?

would be silly not to buy them.
2 Don’t £60 on new jeans. That’s a crazy Alicia Add message | Report
price! I never more than £25 on an item of 1

I don’t have a very good , but I definitely
clothing.
remember things better when I see them. When I’m revising
3 I’m hoping I can some money from my 2
an exam, I look
3
my book and
sister. Otherwise I can’t to go out for Katie’s 4
then make a poster to up all the information,
birthday dinner tomorrow.
5
with lots of pictures and colours. Then I focus
4 Our tickets were a . We only had to
learning everything on the poster.
five dollars for them.
5 A: Dad, could you me some money for my

Matteo Add message | Report
6
bus fare? I definitely pick languages better when I
7
B: I suppose so. How much does it ? hear them. I love watching videos, working
6 What do they use in Japan? Is it the yen?

what the people are saying, and learning the phrases
I hope I get a good when I go there, so by 8 . But I’m 9 behind my
things aren’t too expensive. classmates with my reading and writing skills, so now I need
7 I £20 a week at the shop, and all I have to concentrate 10 those, too.
to do is take the customers’ money and give them a
77
UNIT CHECK 3 Complete the advert with these words. You can use each word
only once.
Review that which where whose when who
D
1 Choose the correct words to complete the text.
A Come to Saint Catherine’s, the club 1
you learn about first aid.

id you know there are schools in the UK
B If you’re aged between fourteen and eighteen, come
1
which / where have their own banks? The
along every Tuesday, 7–9 p.m.
2
aim is to help young people - / that go to
C You’ll have great fun doing our activities, FIRST AID
the school to learn money management. In fact, the 2 include games, filmmaking and
3
banks, that / which open at lunchtimes, are run by
special-effect make-up sessions.
students – with some help from teachers, of course. 3
D Do exams with young people from our partner clubs,
4 learn the same first aid skills as you.
Susan Granger, that / who teaches at Downing
E Photos with your teammates on nights 4 there’s a
School, says, ‘I think young people need
competition.
encouragement to save money, but the area 5that /
where our students live is in the countryside, and

F Opportunities for members 5 are fifteen or older to
help give first aid at community events.
they have to travel a long way to get to a bank. It’s
G Only £80 a year, and discounts for anyone 6 brother or
really useful to have a school bank open at times
6 sister is already a member.
when / what it’s easy for students to visit.’
James Hill,
7
who / whose job is to advise other 4 5.7 There is a mistake in each sentence in in Ex 3. Listen to
students about different accounts, enjoys working Olivia and correct the mistakes.
for the bank. ‘My parents were
always telling me to save

5 Rewrite the sentences using the word given. Use between two
and five words, including the word given.

8
the money - / when I
earned from my Saturday

1 Students needing extra help can visit the student support desk.
WHO
job,’ he explains, ‘but I
didn’t pay any attention Students extra help can visit the student
support desk.
to them! Now I realise
they were right.’ 2 We ought to learn how to do basic first aid.
BETTER
We how to do basic first aid.
3 Students who are given lessons in study skills by their teachers
oﬅen perform better.
WHOSE
2 Choose the correct answer, A, B or C. Sometimes more

Students lessons in study skills oﬅen
than one answer is possible.
perform better.
1 Chinese, by a billion people, isn’t easy to learn.

4 ‘Look, cover, write, check’ is a method used for learning vocabulary.
A spoken B was C which is spoken

PEOPLE
2 What’s the name of the town ?

‘Look, cover, write, check’ is a method for
A born B you were C where you were learning vocabulary.
born born
5 It’s so important to know about money management.
3 The programme was about teenagers to live

SUCH
independently.
Money management thing to know about.
A which learnt B learning C learnt
6 Is there a shop near here that can sell me some shampoo?
4 This is the T-shirt to me on the survival course.
BUY
A was given B given C that was given
Is there a shop near here some shampoo?
5 We’re going to do an experiment onions.
A used B using C that uses 6 Write a blog post about a game you’ve played. What’s the main
6
idea of the game? Why is it fun?
Here’s a present for you by the whole class.
A made B that made C making
78
great
With
power
comes great
responsibility.
6
1 What superheroes did you like when you
were young?
2 Why do you think people are fascinated by
superheroes and their powers?
Superpowers

topic: technology that will science key word transformation topic: film
give you superpowers

-ic/-al adjective endings word formation skill: dramatic present tenses
skill: focusing on the meaning

-or/-er noun endings
of a section of text SPEAKING task: review
verbs beginning with dis-/re-

task: multiple matching topic: science and technology SWITCH ON
LISTENING
GRAMMAR
skill: giving two sides to an video: spider science
answer
topic: inventions inspired by project: research-based
infinitives and -ing forms nature task: discussion presentation
quantifiers and pronouns

skill: extracting key details
task: sentence completion

79
6 Superpowers
READING
Power up
1 Look at the list of superpowers.
If you could have any one of

invisibility
these, what would it be? Why?
2 Work in pairs. Do you superhuman strength

know of any technology
that can give humans

superhuman
mind-reading intelligence
superpowers? Make a
list and share with
the class.
superhuman
flight
speed
Read on
3 Read the article quickly. Match one of the superpowers from 7 Complete the sentences with these words and phrases
Ex 1 with each paragraph. from the article.
4 Which superpower from the article do you think would be the

adjust cloak fairytale play a trick
most useful? Why?
plug in reality settings wear off

1 A is a traditional children’s story in
which magical things happen.
exam tip: multiple matching 2 You a cable to get electricity.
Make sure you don’t just look for matching words in a question 3 When you want to change how a machine works, you
and answer option. Check that the whole meaning of a section of change the .
the text matches the question. 4 A is a warm item of clothing, like a coat
but without sleeves.

Read the last two sentences in paragraph B. Do they fit
question 1 in Ex 6? Why/Why not? What about question 2? 5 When feelings or effects , they
disappear slowly.
6
6
is how things really are.
Read the article again. Match the questions (1–10) with the
paragraphs (A–D). The paragraphs may be chosen more than once.

7 When you on someone, you do
something to them that you think is funny because it

Which paragraph describes a superpower or invention as
makes them look silly.
something that:
8 If you something, you change it slightly.
1 may not be very popular aﬅer people have used it for a while?
2 might be difficult to keep?

Sum up
3 will benefit people who can’t speak?
4 is unlikely to be available to buy in the near future? 8 Work in pairs and take it in turns to describe an
5
invention from the article and its potential uses.
can stop an experience that you don’t like?
6 might help you to get honest feedback on your appearance?
Speak up
7 could be achieved in a very dangerous way?
8 might encourage people to take less exercise? 9 Which invention from the article would you most like
9 might cause problems in families? to try? What would you use it for? Which invention do
10
you think would be the most and least positive for the
gives you a much less impressive ability than a superhero’s?
future of society?
80 Batman? Some blind people can ‘see’ the world around them using reflected sound - just like bats!
Have you ever dreamt of being a
THE TECHNOLOGY THAT WILL GIVE YOU

superhero? Until now, superpowers such
as being able to fly or climb walls like a
spider have been limited to comic books
and movies. But all that is changing. Here
are four amazing superpowers that you
may soon be able to try for yourself.
A
Binoculars? They’re so twentieth century! These days you can wear contact lenses if you want
telescopic vision. Thanks to four tiny metallic mirrors in the lenses, everything you’re
looking at appears to be three times closer than it really is. It’s true that you can’t see
things hundreds of kilometres away like Superman can, but the power of these lenses is
only going to increase with time. And sight isn’t your only sense that can be improved
by technology. New high-tech earbuds let you control the sounds you hear. Do you
want to avoid hearing your dad’s terrible taste in music while you chat to him, or
listen to a private conversation on the other side of the classroom? You can do that
just by adjusting the earbuds’ settings on your smartphone. Cool or what?
B
There have been invisibility cloaks in fairytales for centuries, but they now seem to
be close to reality. Scientists have been developing a special metal material which
can bend the light around an object in a way that makes it disappear from view. Until
recently, the material could only be made in tiny sizes, but now a scientist has managed
to make a piece of the material four centimetres square. No one is intending to sell cloaks
made from it any time soon, but just imagine the fun when they do! Listening to teachers’
conversations in the staff room, playing tricks on your friends, disappearing when
it’s time to do the washing up … The possibilities are endless. Unfortunately, the
possibilities for criminals are endless too, but perhaps we needn’t worry too much
about how popular invisibility cloaks will be. No one will be able to use them for
long, because once you’ve taken one off and put it down, how will you ever find
it again?!
C
People may not bother going to the gym in future, when there’s an easier way to get
stronger: wear an exoskeleton. Like Iron Man’s suit, this is a kind of wearable robot that
fits around your body and gives you superstrength. One exoskeleton that’s already available
allows you to lift 200 kg as if it were just 4 kg. There’s only one problem: no one can work out
how to produce a battery that’s powerful enough for this amazing invention. Scientists have
suggested using a small nuclear reactor for its electrical supply, but although this could keep the
exoskeleton working for a hundred years, it would have terrible consequences if something went
wrong. Obviously, people are a bit nervous of trying that, so for now, you’ll need to plug in a
cable before you can switch on your exoskeleton and start lifting up planes like the Hulk.
D
Imagine always being able to choose the perfect birthday present for your dad without asking
him for ideas, or knowing what your friends really think of your new hairstyle. Who wouldn’t
want to be able to mind-read? The science on this is developing fast. Scientists already
have equipment that can guess which word you are thinking of with a 61 percent success
rate, and they expect the technology to be more accurate soon. It will be a life-changing
development for people who are unable to communicate with speech, and a fun way for
the rest of us to ‘talk’ to our friends without moving our lips. But the excitement of mind-
reading might wear off quickly. How well would you get on with your friends and family if
they knew exactly what you were thinking about them all the time?
81
6 Superpowers
GRAMMAR 4 Choose the correct words to complete the text.
1 Read the grammar box and these sentences. Complete the
gaps in the grammar box (A–E) with the correct form of the
Olympian insects
words in bold in the sentences (1–5). A Some animals make even the strongest human
1
1
Everything appears to be three times closer. seem / to seem hopelessly weak. There’s a type of
2
2 It allows you to liﬅ 200 kg as if it were just 4 kg.

beetle that’s capable of to pull / pulling 1141 times its
own body weight. That’s the same as a human pulling

3 Scientists have suggested powering it with a nuclear reactor.
six big buses full of people!
4 I’m not sure who to ask for permission.
B If you plan 3
kill / to kill a fly, don’t expect
5 New types of earbuds let you control the sounds you hear.
4 5
to do / doing it easily. Its eyes allow it see / to
grammar
see things happening in slow motion, so it almost
explore p154 always manages
6
to move / moving away in time.
C We expect animals
ing forms
7
using / to use their noses to
infinitives and -
smell, like we do, but the silkworm moth smells with
to-infinitive the antennae on its head instead. They help it 8
detect /
A aﬅer certain verbs, e.g. seem, want, agree, intend, decide, detecting a mate ten kilometres away.
mean, expect, plan, hope, manage, promise, would like/

love/prefer,
Someone has managed to make a piece of the material. 5 Complete the text with the correct form of these verbs.
B aﬅer certain verbs + object, e.g. want, expect, encourage,

apply be find out make pay sail
see spend swim watch

Scientists expect it to be more accurate soon.
C aﬅer where, what, when, how, which,

No one can work out how to produce a battery.
infinitive without to
Whale of a time!
D aﬅer certain verbs + object, e.g. make, help, I’ve always enjoyed
1
about whales, and
2
This makes it disappear from view. my parents have encouraged me lots
of TV documentaries about them. They’re famous for

-ing form 3
very big, but it’s their communication
E aﬅer certain verbs, e.g. enjoy, imagine, involve, avoid, that interests me most. For some species, this involves
4
noises that can be heard thousands of
Imagine knowing what your friends really think. kilometres away. They use sound to work out which way
F aﬅer prepositions, including verb/adjective + preposition

5
to find food or a mate.
Have you ever dreamt of being a superhero?

6
After an advert in a wildlife magazine,
Obviously, people are a bit nervous about trying that.
I really wanted
7 for a place on a whale
conservation project on a boat in Scotland. Luckily, my
2 6.1 Listen to a news story. What animal is it about? parents agreed

8
for the trip, and it’s all
arranged for next summer. I’m really looking forward to
3 6.2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the 9

time on the boat. Imagine
10
verbs in brackets. Then listen again and check your answers.

through the ocean with whales all around you!
1 When they lose a leg or eye, their body lets them
(grow) a new one.
2 A lot of scientists are interested in (study)

Speak up
these extraordinary animals.
3 Their amazing abilities haven’t helped them 6 Work in groups and discuss this
(survive) in the wild. statement. Give reasons for
4
your arguments.
The scientists created a safer environment for the axolotls
by (clean) the water. ‘It is morally wrong to
5 This didn’t seem (help).

keep wild animals as
pets or as attractions in
6 They intend (keep) looking until April.
zoos and theme parks.’
7 If people can avoid (pollute) the water in
the future, perhaps the axolotls have a chance.
82 How do spiders communicate? Through the World Wide Web!

VOCABULARY 5 Which words from Ex 4 can be used both as
nouns and verbs?
science
1 Do you know any unusual facts about insects?

explore vocabulary
-ic or -al to nouns to
2
We oﬅen add the endings
Complete the facts about spiders with these words.
form adjectives.
metal → metallic centre → central

genes infection laboratory researchers species substances
science → scientific logic → logical
1 There are about 34,000 different of spider.

artist → artistic music → musical
2 They make spider silk, one of the strongest on earth.
hero → heroic nature → natural
3 Some are studying spider silk.
4 They keep lots of spiders in their .

5 If you put spider silk on a cut, it helps stop .
6 Read the vocabulary box. Then use six
adjectives from it to complete these

6 By adding a few spider to those of humans, scientists
sentences.
hope to develop a usable super-strong silk.
1 I’m interested in lots of areas,
3 Choose the correct words to complete the text about an amazing creature. but I’m doing my science project on the
Moon and the astronauts who
travelled there.
THE CREATURE THAT CAN’T BE KILLED 2 One of the most talented performers in the
Few people have heard of the tardigrade, but the scientists is very
world is the lyrebird. Its song
, but it can also copy

1 investigating / predicting this tiny water creature are amazed
the sounds of cameras, cars and dogs.
by it. Researchers have 2observed / measured that it can survive 3 According to research in North and
in conditions that other life forms cannot. They have 3observed / America, some birds are as
experimented by putting it in temperatures as high as 151°C and good at thinking and problem
as low as -272°C and 4investigated / established that it can solving as a seven-year-old human.
survive. They have 5analysed / experimented its water content and

discovered that its body is 85 percent water in normal conditions, 7 6.3 Listen to people talking on a nature
but can turn into a dry substance like glass when there’s no water
programme. What animals do they mention?
and live for ten years. The scientists 6predicted / established it 8 6.4 Listen again. Which adjective from the
would die in space, but even there, with no oxygen, it survived! vocabulary box best describes each animal?
1 beetle 2 buffalo 3 pufferfish
4 Work in pairs. Complete the text with the correct form of these words.
There are two words you do not need.

Speak up
hearing sight smell sound taste touch vision

9 Do you know of any animals that have unusual
abilities? Work in pairs and see how many
you can list. Then decide on the one that you
think is the most impressive.

Crocodiles have very powerful noses, allowing them to
1
game on
a potential meal from far away. They can’t use their noses underwater,
but thanks to their amazing extra eyelids, which go over their
eyes like a pair of goggles when they swim, they have fantastic Play in pairs. Describe an object or animal,
2 referring to its five senses: how it looks, smells,

underwater . They see extremely well at night, too, so
3 feels to touch, tastes or sounds. Can your

the of an animal moving towards them in the darkness
partner guess what it is?
never goes unnoticed. Their
4 is also very good: they can
hear
5 that are much lower
and much higher than humans can hear.
83
6 Superpowers
LISTENING kingfisher
Power up
1 Look at the two sets of photos. What similarities can
you see?
Listen up
2 6.5 Listen to a girl talking about a project she has
completed. Which five sources of inspiration from the
natural world does she mention?
bullet train
3 6.6 Read the exam tip and complete the task.
4
exam tip: sentence completion
6.7 Listen again and complete the sentences with a word
or short phrase.
Stealing from nature?

The sentences always follow the same order as the
information in the recording. Read the sentences
before you listen and highlight the key words.
When you hear the key words or similar phrases,
concentrate on completing that sentence.

Nina says that at first people were unhappy about the
1 of the bullet train.
Listen to part of the recording again. When you
hear the words below, what sentence in Ex 4 should She finds it amusing that an engineer’s interest in
you try to complete? 2 helped solve the problem.
It’s quite funny that in the end the solution was Nina is impressed by a beetle that can get water from the
3 on foggy days in the desert.
found because one of the engineers was …
She mentions a water bottle which can collect the water that’s
4
found on a in the early morning.
Nina is surprised at the

5 of the boxfish, which is
shaped like a square box.
The boxfish was the inspiration for a new type of

6 .
Nina thinks that bats are

7 .
A special stick has been invented to help

8 people.
Nina has learnt that the

9 under lizards’ toes stick
to walls and ceilings.
Geckskin is a
10 that’s capable of sticking to
surfaces really strongly.

Bionic, by Mercedes-Benz
5 Work in pairs and discuss the meaning of the words in bold.
1 when it came out of a tunnel
2 a bright blue bird with a long beak
3 would dive into the water, hardly making a splash
4 designers of camping equipment have imitated this idea
5 drops of water
6 these sounds are reflected off the objects around them
7 they can stick to a surface
Speak up
6 Work in pairs. Can you think of any other inventions that were
based on nature? Then work in groups. Discuss the inventions
you listed and choose the most and least useful.

boxfish
84
USE OF ENGLISH 1 3 Complete the text with these words.
each either a few few little none

1 Read the grammar box. Choose the correct words
to complete the sentences.
1 She’s invented few / a few really useful things –
very impressive! COPYCAT

2 Unfortunately, few / a few people have bought
Cloning means copying genes, 1 to create
the things she’s invented.
an identical living thing or to change the genes of another
species. 2 cloned thing has identical genes to the
3 All / Every Spiderman fan will want to try
one it was cloned from. In 1958, John Gurdon cloned frogs from
Geckskin gloves.
3 skin cells taken from adult frogs. But the first
4 You’ll need little / a little practice before you can
mammal to be cloned from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep,
climb with them. It isn’t easy!
in 1996. There was 4 chance of the experiment
5 Binoculars are little / a little use if you aren’t working and many scientific experts didn’t believe it would be
into birds. possible. But 5 of them were right. Scientists were
6 There are two cameras but I don’t like either / successful in cloning Dolly on their 434th try! These days a company
neither of them. called Viagen Pets can clone your favourite pet for you, but 6
people can afford this service as it costs $50,000.
( a) little, (a) few: with a for a positive meaning; exam tip: key word transformation
without a for a negative meaning Cross out the words in the first sentence that also appear in the
A
second sentence. Then think of another way to express the meaning
uncountable nouns:
of the remaining words using the word given.
A little water runs down into its mouth.
Read question 1 in Ex 5. Which words would you cross out?
(= some)
It lives in the desert, where there’s little water.
(= not much)
5 Rewrite the sentences using the words given. Use between two
B countable nouns: and five words, including the word given.
A few changes were made. (= some) 1 This year each of the scientists has a different project.
Few square things can move fast. (= not many) EVERY
C either, neither, either … or, neither … nor to talk This year has a different project.
about two alternatives

2 We have succeeded in bringing an extinct species of goat back to life.
It doesn’t use either of those senses.

MANAGED
It uses neither of those senses.

We an extinct species of goat back to life.
You probably haven’t heard of the boxfish, and

3 So far, mammoths have not been cloned, and neither have dodos.
I hadn’t either.
NEITHER
I’m sure you’ve seen a lizard, either near your
So far, have been cloned.
home or when you were on holiday.
4 It is unlikely they will be able to create living dinosaurs.
It finds its way in the dark using neither sight
HOPE
nor smell.
D each, all, none, every There is of creating living dinosaurs.
Each of the animals has different challenges.

5 Would you like to visit a real dinosaur safari park?
All (of) the engineers tried to think of a INTERESTED
solution, but at first none of them succeeded. Would you a real dinosaur safari park?
Every household living near a tunnel was 6 Maybe people whose cells are cloned will not grow old.
grateful. (NOT Every of the households …)

AVOID
Maybe people whose cells are cloned old.
2 Work in pairs. Create sentences for C–D. How are
the words in each group different?

Speak up
6 Work in pairs and discuss whether it is a good idea to clone extinct
animals. Why/Why not?
The invention of the light bulb was a really bright idea. 85

6 Superpowers
USE OF ENGLISH 2 4 Read vocabulary box 2. Then complete the sentences with
the correct ‘re-’ or ‘dis-’ form of these verbs.
1 What would life be like without cars? What other

appear (x2) connect play record
inventions would you miss?
1
2
I the track so I could listen to it again.
Read vocabulary box 1. Then complete the table.
2 I’d love to travel by teleporter, from one
noun verb place and in another!
calculator
1 3 the cables before moving the equipment.
competitor
2 4 They sang badly, so the producer made them
the song.
3
employer
photocopier
4 5 Read the exam tip and complete the task.
explore vocabulary 1 exam tip: word formation
First, work out which part of speech is needed. Then, think
- er and - or noun endings of all the prefixes and suffixes you’ve learnt for that part of
You can add the endings -er and -or to a verb to make a speech, and choose the one that seems best in the context.
noun for the person or thing that does the action described Look at gap 2 in Ex 6. What part of speech is needed? What
in the verb. suffixes and prefixes do you know for this part of speech?
manufacture → manufacturer calculate → calculator
print → printer instruct → instructor

6 Complete the article with the correct form of the words
record → recorder invent → inventor in capitals.
at changed
scan → scanner detect → detector
Inventions th
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of nouns the world:
THE CAR
from Ex 1 and vocabulary box 1.
1 The piece designed by the young was a
totally new idea!

1
The of the world’s INVENT
2 I complained to the phone because I think it
first car was Karl Benz, but his
was badly made!
1885 invention came as a result of
3 Can I use your to get my presentation ready 2
earlier progress and SCIENCE
to take to school?
the invention of the petrol engine.
4 My tennis used to be a famous player! 3
At first, cars were an USUAL
5 I can take notes on my tablet using the voice
sight on our roads, but in 1913, car
app. 4
Henry Ford introduced MANUFACTURE
6 If you take a lie test, it will find out if you are
an assembly line in his factory,
telling the truth.
which made cars much cheaper to
vocabulary 2
produce. Cars allow people to be
explore 5 , travelling wherever DEPEND
they want without worrying about
Verbs usually beginning with dis- give the opposite meaning public transport. However, some
to the original verb.
6
people of cars, APPROVE
agree → disagree appear → disappear
because they cause a lot of pollution
approve → disapprove connect → disconnect and habitat loss. They want us
7
like→ dislike trust → distrust to our approach to THINK
transport and travel in ways that don’t
Verbs beginning with re- usually mean ‘do something again’. 8
damage the world. NATURE
appear → reappear build → rebuild
connect → reconnect do → redo
play → replay start → restart Speak up

think → rethink
7 What famous inventors and inventions do you know about?
Has their work changed the world?
86 ‘Name the greatest of all inventors. Accident.’ (Mark Twain)

SPEAKING
Power up
1 Look at the photos. Does how we use technology
affect our lives? Why/Why not?
2 6.8 Listen to two teenagers talking about
technology. Which issue are they discussing?
What benefits and disadvantages do they mention?
3 6.9 Read the useful language and listen

Speak up
again. Which phrases from the useful
language do the speakers use?

useful language: exam tip: discussion p166
recognising two sides to an answer

You will be asked questions on a particular topic. Give full, balanced
I can see that there are cons as well as pros. answers, including reasons for your opinions and any further information
where possible.
In some ways I do …
Work in pairs and choose a question in Ex 6. Make a list of all the possible
I partly agree, but on the other hand, …
answers, opinions and reasons you could give to answer the question.
Well, that’s a tricky question because …
6
I’m not sure, really, because …
Work in pairs or groups of three. Take it in turns to read the questions
and discuss them. Use as many phrases from the useful language as
4 Work in pairs and discuss these topics. Use you can.
the ideas given and/or your own ideas. Use

1 How important is it to have science lessons at school?
phrases from the useful language to give two
2 Would you enjoy working as a scientific researcher? Why/Why not?
sides to your answers.
3 Should everyone in the world get the medicines that they need without
cars robots in daily life paying? Why/Why not?
can go where you help old people 4 What are the most important things that science has achieved?
want
do boring jobs for us
5 What are the most important things for scientists to achieve in the future?
kill wildlife
fewer jobs for
6 Do you think scientific knowledge is always a good thing? Why/Why not?
pollution humans to earn
don’t need to wait

money Speaking extra
for public transport dangerous
7 Work in two groups and have a debate. One group must argue for the
statement below and the other group must argue against it.
‘There should be more science lessons in schools.’
1 In your groups, make notes of your ideas.
2 Share the ideas between you so that you all have a chance to talk.
3 Each group presents their ideas to the rest of the class.
4 Take a vote at the end.

87
6 Superpowers
WRITING 4 Read a student’s review. In which paragraphs (A–D) does she talk about
the points in the advert (1–6)?
Power up A Wonder Woman is a superhero movie with all

the usual silly outfits and
time the star is female.

1 Have you seen any science fiction or
exciting adventures – but this
superhero films recently? Do you like those

.
life of the main character, Diana
genres? Why/Why not?
B The movie starts with the early
but
an island of warrior women,
She grows up as a princess on
2 What other genres do you like or dislike?

her life changes completely when
a plane crashes near her home
Why? What makes a good film great? Discuss
a
s its pilot, Steve, and learns about
during World War I. She rescue
in pairs and use these words to help you.
Steve to
lives. She decides to go with
poisonous gas that is destroying
er Woman.
action actors characters comedy fantasy stop the war, and becomes Wond
horror music plot romance special effects
plays
, and she and Chris Pine, who
C Gal Gadot is fantastic as Diana
very
relationship. There are some
Steve, have a great on-screen
Plan on experiences London for the first
amusing moments when Diana
3 Read this advert from a website called the time. These funny scenes work
better than the action and specia
l
.
Sci-fi Club. Find the key points that would we haven’t seen many times before
effects, which offer nothing that
need to be included in the review.
D In my view, Wonder Woman is a much more thoughtful movie

than
nt
and would appeal to many differe
most in the superhero genre,
EHT
scenes
Sci-fi dramatic action, romantic love
types of audience. If you like
Club or comedy, you should watch

this film.
Attention!
Film reviews wanted
The Sci-fi Club wants to hear your
opinion of a superhero movie that
you’ve seen recently.
In your review, we’d like you to describe
a superhero movie. Write about:
1 the main characters.
2 the actors.
3 the main idea of the plot (but don’t
give too much information).
4 aspects of the film that you liked or
disliked.
5 what makes the film different or
memorable.
6 your own personal opinion – would
you encourage other people to
watch this film?
88
5 Find these adjectives in the review. Use them
Write on
to complete the sentences.
8 You recently saw this notice in an English-language magazine .

amusing dramatic on-screen Decide which film you will review and write a few sentences giving
romantic thoughtful your opinion.
1 The warrior women’s fight with the soldiers
2
is very and exciting.
Diana and Steve fall in love and share some

Film reviews wanted
very moments.
3 e are looking for reviews of films that teenagers might
W
I really laughed during the most
scenes in the film. be interested in watching. Write a review of a film you
4 The film takes a very have seen recently, giving information about the story and
approach to the subject of war – it really

main characters and explaining what you liked and didn’t like
made me think.
5 Actors don’t always get on well in real

about it.
life, even when they seem to have a good

The best reviews will be put on our website.
relationship.
6 Read the language box. Find three events that
the student mentions in her review, and one 9 Work in pairs and tell each other about your films. Talk about the
action in progress. points (1–6) in the advert in Ex 3.
10
language
explore
the dramatic present

exam tip: review p170
A good review should end with a recommendation for the reader.

When we describe the events in a book or film,
we usually use present tenses. Look at the last paragraph in the review in Ex 4. Which sentence
makes a recommendation to the reader? Work in pairs and talk

We use the present simple for finished actions
about the films you have decided to review. What recommendations
or events, or a series of events.
could you make about them?
We use the present continuous for actions
in progress or to give the background to
an event. 11 Plan your review. Think about these things.
1 Will you use formal, semi-formal or informal language?
7 Complete the sentences with the correct

2 What are the main tenses you will use?
form of the verbs in brackets. 3 How many paragraphs will you write and what will each one contain?
1 The plane (hit) the sea, and 4 What adjectives can you use to describe the film?
Diana (dive) into the water to 5 Do you need to look up any special vocabulary in a dictionary?
rescue the pilot.
2 When Steve (see) Diana for

12 Write your review in 140–190 words.
the first time, he (try) to fight
his way out of the sinking plane.

Improve it
3 While she (visit) London,
Diana (have) to wear a long

13 Check and see if you could improve your review in any way. Think
about these things.

skirt.
4 Some men (attack) Diana 1 Content: have you included all the things that the advert asks for?
and Steve, but Diana (defeat) 2 Vocabulary: have you used a good range of interesting vocabulary?
them easily.
3 Grammar: are your verb forms and linking words used correctly?
4 Spelling: have you made any spelling mistakes?
14 Swap your review with a partner and share what you like about each
others reviews. Discuss any areas where you think your partner could
improve but make sure you explain clearly in what way.
The creator of the Wonder Woman comics, William Moulton Marston, also helped invent the lie detector. 89
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Grammar and vocabulary
1 Look back at this unit. Think about what you
have learnt.
1 Which parts of the unit did you like most/
least? Why?
most:
least:
2 Which tips and language boxes did you find
useful?
SWITCH ON
3 Which areas of grammar do you feel most/
least confident about using?
Spider science most:
least:
1 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions about insects.
4 Which areas of vocabulary do you feel most/
1 Do you or anyone you know have an insect as a pet? least confident about using?
2 Are you afraid of any insects? What do you do if you see them? most:
least:
2 Watch the clip. What do these numbers relate to?
5 Which tasks did you find easy/difficult?
1 2200 metres
2 100 million years
3 700 metres
2 Look back at the Independent Learning

3 Watch again and answer the questions.
sections from the previous units. Which of
1 What do you learn about the silk a spider produces? your learning goals have you now met? Which
2 How does the clip explain the strength of spider silk?

of your ideas for improvement have you used?
What else could you do to improve? Discuss

3 What is inside each of the water droplets? Why is this important?
in pairs.
3 Work in pairs and discuss the area where you
would each like to improve your English. Work

Project
together to make a list of ideas for practising.
4 Work in small groups. Create a presentation about things produced

Then share your ideas with the class.
by insects or animals that we use in our daily lives.
•
1
Grammar: use an app to practise the areas
Choose the animal or insect and do your research. Use books or the
that I find most difficult
internet to help you. Think about these things:
•
•
Vocabulary: keep lists of useful words and
what the insects or animals produce
phrases on my mobile
• what we use the products for
• Pronunciation: watch English language
• how we benefit from the products
videos online
2 Divide the group into pairs and prepare your presentation.
3 Present your work to the class. Which group presents the most
4 Write down three specific things you will do
unusual information?
to improve your grammar or vocabulary skills.
1
2
3
90
UNIT CHECK
Wordlist
Science central (adj ) disconnect (v) horror (n)
analyse (v) heroic (adj) dislike (v) imitate (v)
establish (v) logical (adj) distrust (v) on-screen ( adj)
experiment (v) metallic (adj) reappear (v) play a trick on sb (phr)
gene (n) musical (adj) rebuild (v) plot (n)
infection (n) natural (adj ) reconnect (v) plug in (phr v)
investigate (v) scientific (adj) redo (v) powerful (adj)
laboratory (n)
Word formation: -er/-or replay (v) reality (n)
measure (v) restart (v) reflect (v)

calculator (n)
observe (v) rethink (v) romance ( n)

competitor (n)
predict (v) romantic (adj)

detector (n) Other
researcher (n) science fiction (n)

employer (n) action (n)
species (n) settings (n)

instructor (n) adjust (v)
substance (n) special effects (n pl)

inventor (n) amusing (adj)
splash (n)
Senses manufacturer (n) battery (n)
surface (n)
hearing (n) photocopier (n) beak (n)
thoughtful (adj )
sight (n) printer (n) character (n)
tunnel (n)
smell (n, v) radiator (n) cloak (n)
wear off (phr v)
sound (n, v) recorder (n) comedy (n)
taste (n, v) scanner (n) dramatic (adj) Extra
touch (n, v)
Word formation: dis-/re- drop (n) cable (n)
vision (n) electrical (adj) equipment (n)

disagree (v)
Word formation: - ic /-al disappear (v)

fairytale (n) high-tech (adj)
fantasy (n) invention (n)

artistic (adj) disapprove (v)
Practice
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of words 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words
from the Science section of the wordlist. in brackets.
1 I work in a where we are trying to clone the 1 My dad wants a new metal (detect) for
of extinct of mammal such his birthday.
as mammoths.
2 I (trust) the information that I find online –
2 put cameras in the rainforest so that they it isn’t always very reliable.
could secretly the behaviour of a group of

3 Can I use your (scan) to make a copy of this
chimpanzees.
diagram? Then I can email it to my teacher.
3 Experts that temperatures will continue to

4 The electrician has to (connect) the main
rise until we stop putting that cause global
electricity supply before repairing the switch, so you can’t
warming into the atmosphere.
watch TV now.
4 Some people believe it is morally wrong to

5 I’d love to be good at painting, but unfortunately I’m not
on animals, because it causes them unnecessary pain. They
very . (art)
think we should find other ways to new
6 Mrs Moore said my essay was so bad that I have to
scientific ideas.
(do) it. Oh dear!
5
7
If we want to stop people getting this ,
My cousin’s really into the (nature) world
we need to how people are spreading it to
and loves watching wild animals.
each other.
8 The application forms of all (compete) must
2 6.10 Listen and check your answers. arrive by Friday 12 June.
91
UNIT CHECK
Review
1 Match the sentence halves (1–6) with (A–F). 4 Choose the correct answer, A, B or C, to complete the
1 Her talk made

sentences.
2 Our teacher encourages

1 There was time leﬅ, so we had to be quick.
3 I avoided
A little B few C none
4 I never meant
2 Neither our hearing our sense of smell can match a dog’s.
5 We have to do our maths homework

A or B nor C neither
6 He’s interested
3 He told us interesting facts about of the animals.
A every B each C few

A
4
us to do scientific experiments at home.
I have pet spiders, and I love looking aﬅer them.
B
A B C
without using a calculator.
few a little a few
C
5
to keep axolotls in my bedroom.
of us enjoyed the film.
D
A B C
me decide to become a scientist.
Every None Either
E in studying biology at university.
6 the cloned animals were identical.
F having to do a science project this year.
A Neither B Each C All
2 6.11 Listen to someone talking about their job

5 Complete the text with one word in each gap.
as a scientist. Why does he say Monarch butterflies
are amazing?
3 6.12 Complete the text with the correct form of the
verbs in brackets. Then listen again and check your answers.

Super Skin
All
1 us have skin, but most of us don’t realise
how important it is. Human skin keeps our bodies safe

Unlocking a
from many different dangers, but the skin of some other
butterfly animals is even more impressive. A mouse in Africa, for
2
instance, can escape an attacking animal
mystery leaving its skin behind as it runs away. The skin will grow
back exactly as it was before in a

3 days.
I’m an entomologist – a scientist who researches insect life. Disgusting, but cool!
1
I prefer (study) butterflies to other insects. Here’s another great trick – would you like to
Although all insects are fascinating, I definitely get most 4 able to drink water by standing in the bath?
excited about 2 (observe) butterflies, probably Well, that’s what a desert lizard in Australia can do. It can
because they’re so beautiful to look at.

drink either with its mouth or with any other part of its
3 5
I wasn’t sure what (do) after university, body, through tiny holes in its skin suck up
but luckily, one of my entomology teachers promised water like straws. Wow!
4 (help) me find interesting work. Before long, Although this mouse and lizard are amazing,
she told me about a research project on Monarch butterflies 6

of them can compare with the octopus.
5
in Mexico, and I decided (join) the team. This sea creature has a substance in its skin that the rest
7
I now help 6
of us only have in our eyes. This allows it
(protect) these amazing
butterflies, which are famous for 7 (fly) observe the appearance of everything around it through its
skin. It’s hard to imagine

8 skin that can do
3,000 kilometres from North America to Mexico and
back again. Each butterfly makes the journey only once that! When it wants to hide, the octopus can change shape
in its short life, and so far it’s a mystery how the adult and colour in seconds to look exactly like the object it’s in
8
Monarchs manage (pass on) information front of.
about the route to the next generation. My team

9
intends
10
(investigate) this, and
6 Write a radio advert for a gadget, either a real one or one
hopes (unlock) the mystery of the that you have invented. Try to use a variety of infinitives
Monarch butterfly. and ‘-ing’ forms.
92
Home is
where the
heart is.
7
1 What is it about where you live that makes you
feel ‘at home’?
2 How can travelling away from home change
your views about where you live?
3 If you could live anywhere in the world, where
would you choose?
Home and away

topic: alternative living spaces living accommodation and key word transformation topic: description of a visit to
furnishings a place
skill: using reference words multiple-choice cloze
synonyms and antonyms skill: using appropriate

task: gapped text
prepositions
SPEAKING informal register
GRAMMAR topic: talking about yourself task: informal email
conditionals (0–3)
LISTENING skill: giving information about
wishes, preferences and regrets

topic: learning languages yourself
SWITCH ON
video: homes of the future
skill: listening for positive or task: interview
negative ideas and opinions project: plan a living space
93
7 Home and away
READING 5 Find words in the article that mean the following.
1 try something new in order to find out more
about it (intro)
Power up 2 warm and comfortable (para 1)
1 Look at the photos. What would it be like to live or spend time

3 very modern and perhaps strange looking (para 1)
in these places? 4 a group of buildings or one large building used for a
particular purpose (para 3)
Read on 5 the small flowers on a tree or plant (para 5)
6 enormous (para 6)
2 Read the article about alternative living spaces quickly. Is

7 make the effort to do something (para 6)
interest in treehouses a recent thing, according to the article?
6 Work in pairs and use all of the words in Ex 5 to

describe a house or building you have seen.
exam tip: gapped text Sum up
7
Check the topic of each paragraph. Then look for reference
What advantages to treehouses and similar
words (e.g. this, that , one, he, his, it, etc.) before and aﬅer the
buildings does the author mention?
gap. These will give you important clues that will help you to
find the correct missing sentence.
Look at gap 1 in the article. What is the word that comes

Speak up
8
immediately aﬅer the gap? What could this refer to? Check the
Work in pairs. How many positive things
sentences (A–G) in Ex 4 to find one that could fit.
about living or staying in a treehouse can you
think of? What about negative things?
4 Read the article again. Choose which sentence (A–G) fits
each gap (2–6). There is one extra sentence which you do
not need.
A For example, the Roman Emperor Caligula had a treehouse
and so did the Medici family in sixteenth-century Italy.
B That is actually when some of our most creative thoughts
happen. So, if you moved your desk to the garden, perhaps
you’d find homework easier!
C An example of this is the Honey Sphere, made of wood and
steel with a tree growing through the centre.
D You can’t actually live there since it is part of a museum, but
it was made so that visitors can enjoy the beautiful flowering
trees that surround it.
E Treehouses were also an important part of the culture of
sixteenth-century England.
F There is a home entertainment centre including a
plasma-screen television, games consoles and
digital photo frames.
G But city living is also changing – and what
could be better than a block of flats that is
actually designed with trees in mind?
94
On top of the
world?
You know, most of us, when we think about a living space or a place we
might relax or stay in for a while, we imagine a ‘normal’ house, flat or hotel.
But increasingly these days, people are experimenting with different types
of living spaces that are eco-friendly, hi-tech (sometimes) and unusual!
One type of building that is currently gaining in popularity So what is it about treehouses that attracts people?
is the treehouse – but not the type of child’s treehouse that Well, if you have a space you can go to out of doors,
we might be familiar with. Around the world, architects and where you are surrounded by nature, you might find
designers have been constructing some amazing designs that your mind becomes freer to imagine and to
for treehouses, from ones designed to disappear into their daydream.

4 I’m sure that’s true for some people,
surroundings to others that definitely look futuristic.

1 It at least!
is unlike most treehouses because it’s not really even off the

For treehouse fans there are a number of famous architects
ground – but it still provides a place where the owner can
and buildings, including the Teahouse Tetsu in Japan. If you
write music in peace and quiet.
saw this treehouse, you’d think it was something out of a
Another amazing example of a treehouse with a difference fairytale.

5 These pink cherry blossoms are at their best
is one that was built for a family in Athens, Greece. Called every spring so visitors who have done their homework
the High-Tech Hideaway, this treehouse – which on the know exactly when to visit!
outside looks very traditional – prides itself on being eco-

Despite this recent interest in treehouses, they do not
friendly, and has all the fun gadgets that any teenager could
belong solely to the modern world.
6 The son, Francesco,
want.
2 Not only that, there are also the latest in security
built a treehouse that was seven metres off the ground in a
cameras and fingerprint locks.
huge tree with two massive staircases leading up to it, and a
You would be wrong to think, though, that things like this marble dining table and fountains inside! It is believed that
won’t happen unless you live in the countryside.

3 25 it was so huge because he wanted a bigger and better one
Verde in Turin, Italy, is an apartment complex with 150 than his father, Cosimo. So it seems that if Cosimo hadn’t
trees growing on it! Trees help to keep the building cool in built a treehouse first, Francesco probably wouldn’t have
summer and also provide lots of greenery for the residents. bothered either!
The world’s largest treehouse has eighty rooms and is supported by six trees. 95
7 Home and away
GRAMMAR 4 Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.
1 If you had asked my opinion, I suggested / ’d have suggested
1 Read the grammar box. Match the forms (1–4) with

where to put the furniture.
their conditional uses (A–D). 2 Unless you have a lot of books, you don’t need / need more
than one bookcase.

1 if + past simple + would/could/might
3 If you have a lot of money saved up, then you’ll buy / you’ll be
2 if/unless + present simple + will/won’t/might
able to buy whatever you want.
3
4
if + past perfect + would have + past participle
How would you feel if you live / lived on the twenty-first floor
4 if/when + present simple + present simple
of a block of flats?
5
grammar
If I were you, I didn’t / wouldn’t paint the room black.
explore p156
5 Complete the conversation with these words.
zero conditional
could find had had been were (x2) will would (x2) would have
A for general truths or the result of a situation/
action,
A: Hi, how are things? Guess where I am! In a caravan by the sea
When we think about a living space, we 1

and it’s pouring with rain! If you here now, we
imagine a ‘normal’ house, flat or hotel. 2

at least play some music!
3
B: Oh, sorry about that. I come with you if I
first conditional 4
free but you know we’ve got relatives staying at
B for a future possibility, the moment.
If you have a space you can go to, then you 5

A: Yeah, I know. Anyway, unless I something to do
might find that your mind becomes freer. soon, I

6 go mad!
Things like this won’t happen unless you live in B: If I

7 you, I
8 get out my laptop and
the countryside. start designing that treehouse you want.
A: Hey, that’s a great idea!

second conditional
9
B: Anyway, if I the chance to be in your caravan at
C for hypothetical situations in the present or
the moment, I
10 feel really happy. I’ve got my piano
future, suggestions and advice,
exam tomorrow!
If you saw this treehouse, you’d think it was

A: Oh no! Good luck!
something out of a fairytale.
If I were you, I’d try it one day! 6 Work in pairs and answer the questions in Ex 2 for yourselves.
third conditional
Speak up
D for hypothetical situations in the past or regrets
about the past, 7 If you had £500 to redesign your classroom, what would you
do? Work in pairs and compare your ideas.

If Cosimo hadn’t built a treehouse first,
Francesco probably wouldn’t have bothered. If we had £500 to spend on the classroom, I’d …
2 7.1 Watch or listen to three people answering

game on
questions about where they live. Match the speakers Play in two teams. Each member of the team has to start a
(1–3) with the questions they are answering (A–C). conditional sentence and ask one member of
A If you could have designed your house differently, the opposite team to finish it off correctly.
what would you have changed? If I were rich, I would ...
B If you could choose a place to live, where would Each team gains two points for a correct
you go? sentence but they lose one point for
C If you could design your own house, what would it each mistake. The team with the
look like? most points wins (aﬅer at least
five sentences).
3 7.2 Watch or listen again and answer the
questions.
1 What would there be in Speaker 1’s house?
2 Why would Speaker 2 like to live in Sydney?
3 What changes would Speaker 3 have made to
the house?
96 The song ‘With a little help from my friends,’ by The Beatles, is packed with first and second conditionals.
A
VOCABULARY
living accommodation and furnishings
1 Match photos A–D with four of these words.
block of flats caravan castle houseboat hut igloo
lighthouse palace tent villa
2 Which of the places in Ex 1 have you stayed in? Where would
you like to stay if possible? Why?
3 7.3 Listen to a teenager describing her ideal personal space.

B
Which of these items does she mention?
bench blanket cabinet carpet curtains cushion duvet
lampshade mattress rail rug sheet shelf sink
explore vocabulary
synonyms and antonyms
To avoid repeating the same word in your speaking and writing,
you can oﬅen use a synonym (= a word or phrase with a similar
meaning) or an antonym (= a word or phrase with the opposite
meaning).
I don’t think the limited space inside will feel cramped once all C
the rubbish has gone. I’m hoping that it will seem quite roomy.
4 Read the vocabulary box and complete the table with these
synonyms and antonyms.
cramped massive messy neat spacious tiny
adjective synonym antonym
roomy
tidy
enormous
5 Work in pairs and discuss the meaning of the phrasal verbs in

Speak up
bold. Can you think of another way to say the same by replacing
the phrasal verbs with other words?

7 Work in pairs to design an ideal space
1 How oﬅen do you hang up your clothes? for you to hang out in with your friends.
2 What sort of thing do you like to put up on the walls in your

Use words from this page to discuss your
ideas. Think about these things.

bedroom?
3 Do you clean and tidy up every day?

1 What would your space be like: roomy
or small?
4 Do your parents have to ask you to clear up your mess?
How oﬅen?
2 What would you put up on the walls?
5 What do you need to sort out in your room at the moment?

3 Would all your furnishings have to
match?
6 Do you usually put away your things, or do you leave them on
the floor?
4 How would you make your place great
to hang out in?
6 Use the phrasal verbs in Ex 5 to describe what other members
of your family do or don’t do around the house.
97
7 Home and away
LISTENING 5 7.6 Now listen to all five students talking about diffi cult
situations. Match the speakers (1–5) with what they say. There are three
extra letters which you do not need.
Power up A It was difficult to express emotions. Speaker 1
B
1
I didn’t mind sounding silly. Speaker 2
Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
C I felt embarrassed that I couldn’t speak the language. Speaker 3
1 What can we learn from visiting other
countries?
D I picked up spoken language outside the classroom. Speaker 4
2 How important is it to know the language of

E Other people in the class were unfriendly at first. Speaker 5
the country you are visiting? F It didn’t take me long to learn how to communicate.
3 What if your family decided to move to a G Joining in a new activity helped.
foreign country for a while? Do you think you H I felt grateful to my teachers for what I’d learnt.
would find it difficult? Why?
6 Match the words and phrases from the recording (1–6) with their
meanings (A–H).
Listen up
1 settle down 4 remain
2 Match the words and phrases with the correct

2 get back to normal 5 stick with
meaning (1–4).
3 be a pain 6 improved
A
break the ice fluent language barrier motto
got better
1 being able to speak a foreign language

B become used to a new situation
extremely well C continue doing something difficult
2 a short phrase that expresses a person, D be boring or annoying
family or institution’s belief about how to E return to the way things usually are
F
behave
stay in the same place
3 make it easier to talk to new people
4 a communication problem caused by not

Speak up
knowing a language

3 7.4 Listen to one of five students talking
about his experience of learning a language.

1 What can you say about each
speaker? Try to make third

Did he manage to learn the language easily?
conditional sentences
Note down words that give you the answer.
about them.
4 7.5 Read the exam tip. Listen and 2 Have you had any similar
complete the task. experiences to the speakers?
What did you learn?
Listen carefully for positive or negative ideas
and opinions. Do these match any of the
statements?
Listen to Speaker 1 again. List all the positive
and negative things he says. Do they match
any of the statements in Ex 5?
98 ‘A different language is a different vision of life.’ (Federico Fellini, film director)

USE OF ENGLISH 1 4 Read the exam tip and answer the question.
1 Think of a place you’d really like to travel to. Why would you like exam tip: key word transformation
to go there? Work in pairs and share your ideas.
Remember that the meaning of the sentence must
I wish I could visit … because … remain the same, even if you need to make major
changes to the words in the first sentence. For
2 Read the grammar box. Then read the sentences and complete example, sometimes the example sentence is positive
the comments (1–3) with these words. There are two words you but the key word is negative.
do not need.
Read question 1 in Ex 5. Will the missing words you
provide include a positive or negative form of the verb?

could didn’t hadn’t prefer rather
1 You have to cross the river by jumping on the stones. 5 Rewrite the sentences using the word given. Use
‘If only we have to cross this river!’ between two and five words, including the word given.
2 You want to ask for something in a small Italian shop. 1 It would be good to catch the 1 o’clock train.
‘I wish I speak some Italian!’ MISS
3 You have to go to a new school but you want to stay at your old one. I’d the 1 o’clock train.
‘I’d not go to a new school.’ 2 I’d prefer to go to the island by ferry.
WISH
explore grammar p156 I going to the island
by ferry.
wishes, preferences and regrets 3 It’s a pity Alex didn’t study harder in French.
A I wish/If only + past simple or continuous for a wish about a ONLY
present or future situation

If harder in French.
I wish German was an easier language to learn!

4 Jeni didn’t know Spanish, so she couldn’t talk to
B I wish/If only + could for a wish about a present or future ability the villagers.
I wish I could speak Spanish fluently! HAD
C I wish/If only + would/wouldn’t to complain about a present If , she could have
situation talked to the villagers.
If only they would speak French without using idioms. 5 They regretted walking so far to the restaurant.
D I wish/If only + past perfect for a wish or regret about the past WALKED
I still wish sometimes that we’d remained in our previous home. They wished so far to
E I’d rather not + infinitive without to … (than ) for present and the restaurant.
future preferences 6 I went on the school trip and I got to know Max.
I’d rather not have any friends than have bad friends. IF
I wouldn’t have got to know Max
3
on the school trip.
Choose the correct verb forms to complete the email.
Speak up
From: Kate To: Emma
6 Work in pairs and talk about a trip in the past that
you did or didn’t go on. Express any regrets you may

Hi Emma,
have or things that you wouldn’t have experienced
I hope you’re well. You’re planning a trip to Poland in the summer, if you hadn’t gone on the trip.
1
aren’t you? I wish I would come / was coming with you!
Anyway, I’ve got exciting plans too. I’m going to Italy to stay with
2
my Italian pen-friend. If only I could speak / was speaking Italian
better, things would be easier, but her English is very good! I wish
3
I had known / knew her when I was younger because by now,
I’d be really good at Italian!
4
I hope you can come and visit soon. I’d rather to not take /
not take any time off from work right now to show you around,
but next month would be great.
Speak soon,
Kate x
99
7 Home and away
1 What do you know about countries in the British Isles? exam tip: multiple-choice cloze
Would you like to visit one in particular? Why?
Read through the whole text first before you start
looking at the options. Aﬅer making your choice, read

2 Match these words to rail, air or sea travel. Some words
the whole sentence again. Does it sound correct?
can be matched more than once.
Look at gap 1 in Ex 5. Find the preposition that goes
v
board ( ) v n)
brake ( , cabin crew deck
with the word in the gap. Then look at the options and
find the word that collocates with the preposition.

departure lounge guard network pilot platform port
terminal track traffic tunnel
5 Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
explore vocabulary
The
road trip
prepositions
Prepositions are everywhere: as part of phrasal verbs,
of a
lifetime
set phrases, aﬅer nouns, adjectives, verbs, and so on. Try
to learn them in context.
be attracted to sth/sb, high/low off the ground,
out of doors, pride yourself on sth

If you want to see some spectacular scenery, then take a road
trip around Ireland! Part of the coastal route around Ireland
3 Read the language box and complete the sentences with

is called the Wild Atlantic Way,
1 , of course, aﬅer the
these prepositions. Use the words in bold to help you.

ocean it runs alongside. We had arrived by ferry in the early
morning and our first view from our position on

2 , Ireland
after for (x2) into of on (x2) out through to
looked magical in the mist. And it got even more magical!
1 The lorry pulled into heavy traffic.

As we headed
3 Galway up the west coast, we had
2 the way to the village, we had to negotiate frequent stops to take

4 of the amazing views. I took
lots of steep hills and sharp bends.

photos of sharks, dolphins and huge cliffs!
3 We were heading the castle when,

The road
5 in Ireland is one of the best in Europe, with
suddenly, it started to pour with rain.
4 It’s brilliant when you come contact with

Galway alone having over 6,000 kilometres of roads! However,
we
6 to the coast road since that was the most scenic. To
different people as you’re travelling.
7
5 Why don’t you take advantage this keep to a minimum, we stayed in small hotels where we
opportunity and start practising your Greek? came into

8 with the friendly locals. The Irish hospitality
6 Venice is well-known its gondolas. was something else!
7 The Eiffel Tower in Paris is named its
designer, Gustave Eiffel.
8 It took ages to go customs in New York.

1 A referred B named C made D designed
9 There was absolutely everything you could want

2 A port B platform C track D board
board the cruise ship. 3 A for B at C down D along
10 To keep costs a minimum, the family 4 A chance B opportunity C advantage D possibility
decided to go camping for their holiday. 5 A network B destination C link D connection
6 A remained B followed C drove D kept
7 A exchange B money C costs D payments
8 A contact B co-operation C connection D conversation
Speak up
6 If you could go on a road trip, where would you go? Why? What
would you particularly want to see or do on that trip?
100
SPEAKING
Power up
1 What is the biggest city you have visited? What did you like/not like about it?
A B
2 Work in pairs. Look at photos A and B of

Speak up
people spending time in their cities. Compare
the photos and say how the people might

be feeling.
3 Read the useful language. Think about the exam tip: interview p164
place where you live and your school. Write
Avoid giving very short answers by making sure you know how to talk about
down three things you like about each one.
yourself, your likes and dislikes, the place where you live, your possible future
plans, and so on. Prepare yourself by learning any special vocabulary that
useful language: you might need – but don’t learn a whole paragraph off by heart!
Number the possible answers to this question from the best (1) to the
giving information about yourself
worst (3).
describing where you live:
Who do you spend time with aﬅer school?
a stone’s throw from the sea
Answer A: My family.
right in the city centre
very close to the main train station Answer B: I go home and stay with my sister.
talking about the place where you live: Answer C: My friends, usually, and then I go home and relax with my mum
the capital of … a suburb of … and my sister.
a small town to the north of the country
talking about where you go to school:

6 Work in pairs. Student A turns to page 173 for their questions and
I go to … high school I’m in Year 8 Student B turns to page 175. Ask and answer the questions.
My school is just around the corner from
where I live.
Speaking extra
4 Work in pairs to ask and answer questions

7 Work in pairs and roleplay an interview.
about where you live. Are your answers 1 Assign roles: one of you is the interviewer; the other is someone famous.
different? 2 Think up questions for your interview.
What is the place where you live like? 3 Carry out your interview. Record it if you can.
Do you live in a big city? What’s it like? 4 Play it or perform it for the class. Can they guess who the famous person is?
What do you like best about your school?
‘A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.’ (Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher) 101
7 Home and away
WRITING 3 Read a reply to the email in Ex 2. Find examples of these things.
1 use of multiple exclamation marks 4 question tags
2 phrasal verbs/informal vocabulary 5 simpler sentence structure

Power up
3 informal connectors
1 In which country do you think the photos were
taken? Would you like to travel there? Why/

From: Amelia
Why not? What about the other two countries?
1 Australia 2 Japan 3 India

A Hi Victor,
B Thanks for your email. It was great to hear from you.

Plan on
C Well, my flight to Tokyo was excellent, though a bit long and tiring,
2 Read the email below. Choose the things you and Haruto and his parents were waiting for me at the airport. They
might include in your reply. live in another part of Japan but they wanted to show me Tokyo first,
so we went sightseeing for a few days. It was amazing to visit such a

1 complain 4 give an opinion
huge city with so many people!
2 describe 5 invite
D They also took me to see a traditional Japanese castle in Matsumoto
3 give advice
which was over 400 years old. It was brilliant! Haruka was really kind
to me and wanted to make my trip memorable. So we travelled to
Kyoto City to a traditional festival which takes place every July. His
From: Victor
mum lent me a yukata which is a summer kimono and lots of people
were wearing them. That was the best day ever!

I hear you’ve just come back from a month’s
E The whole holiday was fantastic and I had a great time. I spent a
holiday staying with your e-pal. Did you
month there and it went by extremely quickly. Check out the photos
enjoy your stay? What did you see and do
I uploaded recently! They’re great, aren’t they? If I could, I’d go back
while you were there? What type of place
there tomorrow!
does he live in? Write and tell me all about it!
F Write again soon,

Bye for now,
Amelia
Victor
Amelia
Follow
56 posts 234 followers
102
4 Match the different parts of the email in Ex 3 (A–F) with the 8 Read part of an email you have received from an English-
topics (1–6). speaking friend. Find the questions you must answer and
1 overview of trip 4 introduction

decide on the place you want to write about.
2 greeting 5 signing off
3 celebration and tradition 6 sightseeing in the city

From: Spiros
5 Complete these comments with the correct form of ‘go,’

Have you been anywhere nice recently? I’m doing a
‘have’ or ‘spend’.
project about great places to see and visit so I’d love to
1 Lucy and Ben a great time at their friends’ hear about somewhere you think is really special. How
villa in Tuscany. long did you spend there, what did you see and why do
2 William three hours every day practising his

you think it is a special place?
water-skiing. Thanks and I can’t wait to hear all about it!
3 Our time on holiday by very quickly! Bye for now.
4 I hope you a good trip!

Spiros
5 I’d like to sightseeing in London when
I go there.
9 Read the language box. Could you use any of these words
useful language: to help you describe your experiences?
language
starting an informal email
explore
Thanks for your email.
It was really good to get your email.

saying what an experience was like
It was great to hear from you/hear your news.
Sorry I haven’t been in touch, but I’ve been really busy with Use a variety of different words for positive and negative
schoolwork/football, etc. experiences.
How are you? I haven’t heard from you for a while.

positive: amazing brilliant cool fantastic impressive
interesting fun great the best unusual
6 Read the useful language and use the phrases to complete negative: boring disappointing dull tiring
these opening sentences for an email.
1 but I haven’t been very well.

10 Plan your email and use the checklist to make sure you
2 I hadn’t heard from you for ages! include these things.
3 I’m glad school is going well.
4 I hope you’re OK. a description of the place
what activities you did
Write on how you felt about them
7 Read the exam tip and complete the task. any interesting sights you saw
what your impression was of them
exam tip: informal email p168 how long you spent there
your overall feelings about the trip

Check you have answered all the questions in the task and
that the language you used is suitable for an email. You can
11
add extra information if it is relevant.
Write your email in 140–190 words.
What did you think of Paris?
It was fantastic. We went up to the top of the Eiffel Tower

Improve it
and we could see for miles.
Work in pairs . Read the question again and each think of

12 Swap your email with a partner. Ask them the questions
that Spiros asked and see if they can use your email to
a famous city that you know. Then answer the question
answer all of them!
using suitable email language. Remember to give extra
13
information.
Check that your email has no spelling mistakes and is easy
to read. Make any final corrections to your work.
Fortune cookies, oﬅen thought to be Chinese, were first made in Kyoto, Japan in the 19th century. 103
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Reading and writing skills
1 Look back through the main reading texts in
the previous units.
1 Do you find it easier now to understand
what you are reading and answer questions
about it?
2 Which kinds of texts do you find easiest?
Which ones are more challenging?
2
SWITCH ON
Work in pairs and share your answers to Ex 1.
Answer these questions using the reading
exam tip to help you.
1 What do you think has helped your reading
skills to improve?
Homes of the future 2 What is something that you find difficult
1
when reading?
Write down the four most important things in your bedroom.
Think of a reason why these items are important. Work in pairs and
3 What is something you can do to continue
to improve your reading skills?

compare your ideas. Are your answers the same or different?
Because I have a comfortable bed, I sleep well and I wake up feeling good.
3 Look back through all the pieces of writing
you have done in Units 1–7. Find the one you

2 Watch the clip. Which of the three living spaces is your favourite?
like best. Work in pairs and give each other
Why?
feedback on your writing. Think about these
3
questions.
Watch again and make notes about the special features of each
living space. Are any of the house features similar? 1 Check sentence length. Is there a variety of
short and long sentences? Does the sentence

1 The Yo! House
length match the type of writing (i.e. shorter
2 The Rotating Apartment
for more informal, longer for more formal)?
3 The Pitstop Apartment

2 Is the writing organised clearly? What could
4
be improved?
Work in pairs to finish these sentences about the three houses.
3 Can you suggest three ways in which your
1 If I lived in the Yo! house, …
partner’s writing could be improved?
2 The Rotating Apartment …
3 The Pitstop Apartment …

4 Make a list of two things you can do to improve
your reading skills and two things to improve
your writing skills. You can use your partner’s
suggestions or create some of your own.
Project
reading writing
5 Work in pairs to design a living space for the future.
1 Draw or create your living space. Think about these things:
• how to save space
• how rooms can be used for more than one purpose
• who your living space is designed for: Is it for a particular group
of people?
• the features that make your living space special
2 Present your house design to the class. Describe the features and
benefits.
3 Have a class vote on the best-designed house.
104
UNIT CHECK
Wordlist
Living accommodation Synonyms and antonyms network (n) boring
block of flats (phr) (adjectives) pilot (n) brilliant
caravan (n) cramped platform (n) cool
enormous
castle (n) port (n) fantastic
massive
houseboat (n) terminal (n) fun
hut (n) messy track (n) great
igloo (n) neat traffic (n) impressive
roomy
lighthouse (n) tunnel (n) interesting
spacious
palace (n) the best
Phrases with prepositions
tent (n) tidy tiring
be attracted to sb/sth
villa (n) tiny unusual

be named aﬅer
Furnishings Phrasal verbs be well-known for Other
bench (n) clear up come into contact with alternative (adj )
hang up
blanket (n) go through customs be a pain (phr)
put away
cabinet (n) head for blossom (n)
carpet (n) put up high/low off the ground bother ( v)
curtain (n) sort out keep costs to a minimum break the ice (phr)
tidy up
cushion (n) on board experiment (v, n)
duvet (n) Travel on the way fluent (adj)
lampshade (n) board (v) out of doors futuristic (adj)
mattress (n) brake (v, n) pull out get back to normal (phr)
rail (n) cabin (n) take advantage of (an improve (v)
rug (n) opportunity) language barrier (n)

crew (n)
sheet (n) deck (n) Describing experiences motto (n)
shelf (n) departure lounge (n) (adjectives) remain (v)
sink (n) amazing settle down (phr v)

guard (n)
stick with (phr v)
Practice
1 Choose the correct answer, A, B or C, to complete the 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of a word
sentences. from the first three sections of the wordlist. Then work in
1 Finally, the blew the whistle and we were off!

pairs and compare your answers.
A passenger B guard C pilot

1 You’re lucky that the space inside your house isn’t
2
so there’s plenty of room for all your things.
The huge cruise liner came slowly into the .
2
A B C
While you’re staying in the village, why not visit the
platform destination port
? It’s just a couple of miles away, on a rock
3 On the top of the ship, there was a swimming pool and
off the coast.
3
even some tennis courts!
It suddenly started to rain but we were OK inside our cosy
A board B terminal C deck
little in the campsite.
4 When you travel, it’s great to come into with people 4 If I had a treehouse, I’d try to keep it really
from different countries.
and tidy. But I’d also have lots of colourful
A contact B communication C connection on the floor and on the chairs.
5 Let’s try and keep to a minimum while we’re on holiday,
shall we?
A prices B costs C money
6 On the to our hotel, we went through some villages
with lovely cottages in them.
A way B track C direction
105
UNIT CHECK
Review 4 Complete the text with one word in each gap.
1 Complete the conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs
in brackets.
1 If you stay in our lovely cottage by the sea, you

Dreams can come true
(definitely/have) a relaxing time! Veronica lived in the city with her parents.
1
2 If we had booked our train tickets in advance, we (get) Their flat had a balcony
seats together on the train. they grew some plants, but Veronica had
3 The hotel room (look) so messy if Sara put her things always wanted a treehouse. She spent
away in the cupboard every day. hours looking at treehouses on the internet
4 Unless the weather (get) worse, we’ll walk to the and often thought: ‘If
2 I had
lighthouse. one of those!’ However,

3
5 If I (be) you, I’d put the desk by the window. something amazing happened, she knew it
6 If there is a lot of traffic, we (need/go) a different way. was unlikely.
7 Travelling in a foreign country (be) diffi cult if you spoke

But then, for her fifteenth birthday,
the language.
Veronica’s parents promised her a treehouse
8 If we had organised more time for travelling, (have)
in her aunt’s garden! At first, Veronica
visited more places.
thought it
4 to be a joke. But
2 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences. it was true and now they were going to
1 I’d rather to go / go now since it’s starting to rain. see it. ‘If there really is a treehouse, that
2 I wish the ferry crossing has been / had been calmer – I didn’t feel very well.
5 be so cool,’ she thought.
3 If only we’d used / we use the sat-nav, we wouldn’t have got lost.
And yes, the treehouse was there! But
4 I wish he doesn’t / wouldn’t talk so much on the journey.
then, her younger cousins appeared.
5 If only Lloyd was / is coming with us on holiday! ‘Thanks, Veronica!’ one of them shouted.
6 I’d rather not eat / to eat that. It’s very different to the food at home! ‘If you hadn’t asked for a treehouse,
7 I wish we would / could understand the language. we 6 never have got one
8 I wish we lived / were living closer to a big city. ourselves!’ Veronica felt confused –
7 she really have to share it?
3 7.7 Listen to the conversation and complete the third conditional
But as her cousins showed her around,
sentences.
Veronica knew that she’d
8
1 If he , they wouldn’t have spent such a lot of time in the
share her dream treehouse than keep it
car.
for herself.
2 They to the hotel earlier if he hadn’t taken the wrong
road.
3 If he his bag down in the airport, his mobile phone

5 Write a paragraph describing your ideal
wouldn’t have been stolen.
holiday. Use some examples of conditionals.
4 If she hadn’t spelt her name wrong on her ticket, they to
spend two hours sorting out the problem!
106
The world is
built on the
power of
numbers.
8
Look at the photo and discuss these questions.
1 What does the photo show and in what way
does it relate to numbers?
2 When and how do you use maths outside the
classroom?
3 Do you have a favourite number? Explain
your reasons.
What’s in a number?

topic: huge numbers maths open cloze topic: privacy
skill: guessing unknown nouns with -tion, -sion, -ment multiple-choice cloze skill: using adverbs
language of comment

countable and uncountable
nouns
SPEAKING task: essay
topic: competition
GRAMMAR LISTENING skill: paraphrasing

SWITCH ON
the passive topic: challenges video: alpine app
task: long turn
have/get something done skill: focusing on key words project: design an app
107
8 What’s in a number?
READING 5
1
Read the article again and choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.
What does the writer say in the introduction about our relationship
with numbers?
Power up A We use big numbers without really understanding them.
1 8.1 Work in pairs and match the questions

B Our brains can’t make sense of numbers.
(1–5) with the answers (A–E). Then listen and C Our education should give us more help with big numbers.
check your answers. D We can’t remember big numbers as well as smaller numbers.
How many: 2 The writer mentions the Pirahã people because
1 zeros at the end of a trillion? A they demonstrate that life without numbers is hard.
2 seconds in a year? B they live like humans from an earlier time.
3 years since Earth was formed? C they find their food in the rainforest.
4 stars in our galaxy? D they show that humans can exist without numbers.
5 kilometres around the Equator? 3 What does ‘get our heads around’ in line 13 mean?
A make us crazy
A about 4.6 billion
B look for
B about 30 million
C measure
C about 40,000
D understand
D 12
4 Why does the writer mention a pizza?
E about 100 billion
A to help us understand how many stars there are in the galaxy
2 Which of the facts in Ex 1 is most surprising? B to explain the size of our galaxy compared to other things in space
C to emphasise that the Milky Way is bigger than people think
Read on D to demonstrate how far it is from Earth to the Moon
5
3 Read the article about large numbers quickly
What has the writer learnt from his interest in football?
and choose the best summary. A that there are a huge number of football stadiums in Japan
The article is about:

B that stadiums are built to fit different numbers of people
A useful ways to think about large numbers.

C what a group of 30,000 people looks like
B the incredible size of the universe.

D that the number of football fans is growing
C how difficult it is to measure very big things.

6 What does the writer say about billionaires?
A They will never run out of money.

B They spend 40,000 times more money than a typical teenager.
C
exam tip:
On average, they spend $5 a second.
multiple choice D When they buy something expensive, it seems cheap to them.
6
If you need to guess the meaning of an
Find words in the article that match these meanings.
unknown word or phrase, try to work it
out from the context. Think about these 1 make a connection in your mind (intro)
questions:
2 say something clearly and exactly (para 1)
What part of speech is it (e.g. noun, verb

3 continuing to live (para 1)
4
phrase, adjective)?
imagine (para 3)
re-, un-,
5
Does it have a prefix or suffix (e.g.
of the usual size or shape (para 3)
-able, - ive)?
6 guess (para 3)
What information is in the rest of the
sentence?
7 gadget for playing video games (para 5)
Does the sentence express a contrast, reason,

8 not used up (para 5)
result, additional point, example or definition?
Read paragraph 2 of the article and find the

Sum up
7
word ‘ancestors’. Guess the meaning using the
Work in pairs. Which facts did you find interesting? Why?
questions above to help you.
Speak up
8 Work in pairs and make a list of things you would do if you were a
billionaire. Discuss your list with another pair.
108 Why do people believe you when you say there are millions of stars, but check when you say the paint is wet?
Most of us are pretty good at counting; we’ve been doing it since we were small. We all understand the
difference between 1 of something and 10 of something, and we understand that 100 of something is
much more. But a funny thing happens when those numbers get bigger. 55 million kilometres between
Earth and Mars? Over 7 billion people living on our planet? Our brains can’t cope. We get taught how
to do calculations with big numbers, but we can’t relate them to anything that feels real to us. Big
numbers are meaningless.
In fact, it shouldn’t be a great surprise that we aren’t But what about large numbers of people? As a football
very good with big numbers. Our ancestors lived in a fan, I’m used to the sight of my team’s stadium with
world where people were counted and food was divided; 30,000 people in it, so I like to imagine big numbers
‘millions’ and ‘billions’, however, weren’t discussed by of people in relation to that: a million people is 33
early humans. Even today, there’s a tribe of hunter– full stadiums. But that’s not very helpful when the
gatherers in the Amazon Rainforest, the Pirahã people, numbers get too big. I recently went to Tokyo, which
who have no words for numbers. They talk about has a population of more than 36 million people – more
‘a small amount’, ‘a bigger amount’ and ‘a lot’, but than any other city in the world. I can’t really imagine
they’re unable to specify the exact quantity of anything – more than 1,000 stadiums, so I tried thinking about
proof that numbers are not required for humans to it another way. If I spoke to each person in Tokyo
survive. for 1 minute, and I did that for 8 hours a day, every
day, it would take me 217 years to speak to them all!

So how can we help our brains to make sense of the
line 13 huge? A good starting point is to get our heads around What about money? Do you ever try to imagine what
the enormous difference between a million, a billion and it’s like to be a billionaire? The average billionaire
a trillion. A trillion makes a million look tiny. A million made US$160 million last year, or US$5 a second.
seconds, for example, is 12 days, but a billion seconds That’s 40,000 times more than the average teenager!
is 30 years, and a trillion seconds is 30,000 years, which To really understand the feeling of being a billionaire,
would take us back to the Ice Age! divide the cost of everything you might want to buy
by 40,000. A new games console? That would cost less

Another idea, when something is too big to imagine, than 2 cents. A cool new Porsche? 3 or 4 dollars, the
is to picture it as something smaller. Take space, for cost of a cup of coffee. You could buy everything you
example. If you imagine our solar system, including ever dreamt of and still have money left over.
our sun and all its planets, as the size of tiny bacteria,
too small to see, our galaxy, the Milky Way, would be As scientific progress
the size of a standard pizza; the part of the universe continues and our
that astronomers can study, however, would be the population increases,
size of Belgium, a country which takes three or four the numbers that will
hours to drive across. Our most powerful telescopes are be discussed in our
constantly being used to look for distant galaxies. By daily lives will get
the start of this year, thousands of galaxies had already bigger. Lots of creative
been found, but the total number out there has been thinking is going to be
estimated at around 2 trillion. If each galaxy were a pizza needed to make sense
1cm thick, they’d make a pile about 20 million kilometres of them all!
high – 52 times the distance from Earth to the Moon!
109
GRAMMAR 4 Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1 In the past, they used the word ‘computer’ to describe a
1 Read the grammar box. Complete the uses (A–E) with

good mathematician.
these words. In the past, the word ‘computer’
to describe a good mathematician.
by continuous get going to perfect 2 We’d collected the books when the bell rang.
The books when the bell rang.
3
grammar
Will we need calculators in the exam?
explore p158 Will calculators ?
4
the passive, be + past participle They’re going to send me an email about it.
I .
We use the passive:
5 The drama club is performing a play.
• when we don’t know who does the action, or we prefer
A play .
not to say.
• to focus on the action, not the person who does it.

6 Has anyone found the pet that is missing?
?
• in more formal writing (e.g. reports).
A simple and
1
forms
5 Complete the article with the correct
active or passive form of the verbs in

Numbers are not required for human survival.
brackets. Use ‘get’ at least once.
People were counted and food was divided.
Can birds do maths?

Our most powerful telescopes are being used.
B 2 forms
The total number has been estimated at around 2 trillion.
By the start of this year, thousands of galaxies had The simple answer is yes! The maths
already been found. skills of monkeys and dolphins

1
C will and 3 (recognise) for
many years, but recent research

Bigger numbers will be discussed in our daily lives.
2 (establish) that pigeons,
Lots of creative thinking is going to be needed.
too, are mathematicians. Last year they
3 (teach)
D the passive with
4
to touch pictures on a screen with their beaks, starting with
We use by to say who or what does the action. the picture of the fewest objects and ending with the picture
‘Millions’ and ‘billions’ weren’t discussed by early humans. of the most objects. When the lesson
4 (learn)
E the passive with

5 with pictures of one, two and three objects, bigger numbers
5
We can use get instead of be, especially in spoken English. (introduce). In these experiments, the pigeons
6 (have) no problem with numbers as high as
We get taught how to do calculations.
nine. No one knows how far they can count, but you can be
certain that they 7 (test) with bigger numbers in
2 8.2 Listen to a radio show about a world without the future.
numbers. Number the items in the order they are
mentioned (1–5).
matches birthdays bridges
mobile phones money

Speak up
3 8.3 Complete the sentences with the correct passive

6 Have a class quiz. In pairs, prepare questions in the passive.
Then ask and answer your questions.

form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen again and check
your answers. What language is spoken in Brazil?
1 I won’t (expect) to learn maths anymore!
2 When a sports match (play), you won’t game on

know who’s winning and who’s losing.
Play a memory game. Each person has to repeat the
3 There’s no money, so everything (swap). previous sentences and add a new one. Use the present
4 You aren’t going to (give) any presents on continuous passive.
your birthday. At the moment, I am being taught English.
5 Since numbers (need) to write computer At the moment, Joel is being taught English and the road
programs , there are no video games. outside the school is being repaired.
6 None of these things have (build).
110 Never argue with a 90° angle. It’s always right.

VOCABULARY
maths
1 Match the sentences (1–6) with the sums 5 Work in pairs. Complete the questions with these
(A–F) and choose the correct words. words and choose the correct numbers in the answers.
1 Seven hundred and fiﬅy divided by /

average double fraction percentage quarter
multiplied by fiﬅeen equals …
2 Four thousand minus / plus three thousand

1 Q: What of a week is one day?
equals …
A ⅟₁₂ B ⅟₇ C ⅕
3 One million minus / plus two million equals …
4 If you add / subtract thirty-seven to / from

2 Q: If you get 20 when you 10, what do you
get when you do the same to zero?

seventy-three, the answer is …
A 2 B C
5
1 0
Two hundred divided by / multiplied by five
equals … 3 Q: What is the number of days in a month?
6 If you add / subtract one hundred to / from A 28.1 B 30.4 C 31.5
one thousand two hundred and one, the 4 Q: A of a kilometre is 250 metres. What is the
answer is … same fraction of an hour?
A 15 minutes B 25 minutes C 40 minutes

A 37 + 73 = D 200 x 5 =
5 Q: 3 people from your class of 20 aren’t here today.
B 1,201 – 100 = E 750 ÷ 15 =
What is that?
C 4,000 – 3,000 = F 1,000,000 + 2,000,000 =
A 3% B 15% C 20%
2 Work in pairs and do the sums in Ex 1. Give
your answers in words.

explore vocabulary
3 8.4 Listen and check your answers to Ex 2.
word building: -tion, -sion, -ment
4 Complete the sentences with these words. We oﬅen add -tion, -sion or -ment to verbs to form nouns.
calculate → calculation employ → employment
angle area even negative
solve → solution improve → improvement
odd positive series
decide → decision measure → measurement
1 The Ancient Babylonians loved counting in
6
60s. That’s why we have 60 minutes in an
Read the vocabulary box. Complete the review with the
hour, and each in a triangle
correct form of verbs or nouns from the box.
with equal sides is 60 degrees.
2 The Greeks described numbers as either

Improve your maths skills
(e.g. 3, 5, 7), or
Movie Maths with this great new video game!
(e.g. 2, 4, 6) but they didn’t think 1 was in
either group. In the game, you have a job at a film studio, and as part of your
1 2
3 The Greek mathematician Archimedes worked , you have to lots of different puzzles.
out pi (π) so that people could calculate the

3
• Use maths to accurately what time people should
of a circle accurately. start getting their make up done.
4 It took mathematicians a long time to realise • Take the actors’

4
, so that you can get their
we need numbers (lower clothes made the right size.
than zero) as well as numbers 5
• Make about equipment to buy for
(higher than zero).
the studio that doesn’t cost too much money.
5 There are many of numbers
Film Frenzy is fast and fun, and you’ll soon
in maths, some of which are very important, 6
your maths skills. Try it today!
such as the square numbers :
1, 4, 9, 16, 25 …
Speak up $70,000
7 Work in small teams and discuss this statement.
‘Maths lessons are a waste of time now that we can do calculations on
our mobile phones.’
111
LISTENING
Power up
1 Look at the photo and match it to one of
these activities. Then work in pairs and
completing crossword puzzles
doing a laser beam challenge
doing number puzzles
map reading
playing a game
putting furniture together 3 You hear a girl talking about a train journey.
writing computer code for a game What is she worried about?
A the amount of money the journey will cost
1 Do you think these activities are challenging?

B the time it will take her to buy her ticket
2 Can they improve your thinking skills? How?

C what she is going to eat on the train
3 Which have you tried? Which would you like

4 You hear a boy trying to put together his new desk. What problem does
to try? Why?
he think there is?
A There’s a mistake in the instructions.
Listen up B The desk has been designed badly.
2 8.5 Listen to three conversations. Which C Some pieces are not the correct size.
three activities from Ex 1 are mentioned? 5 You hear a girl talking about a presentation she has just been to. What
surprised her about pigeons?

A They were used by spies.
B
exam tip:
They could carry cameras.
multiple choice
C They flew in the wrong direction.
As you read the questions and possible 6 You hear a weather forecast. What will the weather be like?
answers before you listen, find the key words.

A staying rather windy
Try to predict what ideas or language you
might hear related to the key words.

B improving a bit
Read question 1 in Ex 4 and find the key words.

C becoming wetter
Then work in pairs and talk about the ideas 7 You hear a conversation between friends about a technique for secret
and language you might hear. writing. What does the boy think of it?
A He’s impressed that it’s so simple.
4 8.6 Listen to all eight people talking in

B He’s concerned about the materials used.
different challenging situations and choose C He’s surprised how old it is.
the correct answer, A, B or C. 8 You hear two students talking at the end of a special maths day. What do
1 You hear a woman talking to a cameraman.

they agree about the day?
How does the woman feel? A They want to repeat it in the future.
A annoyed that the cameraman wants to B There were a lot of benefits.
leave
C The activities were unusual.
B worried because she has to finish her work
soon 5 Work in pairs and discuss the meaning of the words in bold.
C angry with the person who fixed the 1 My boss will be furious.
camera 2 I reckon you’ll do it in less than twenty minutes.
2 You hear a boy giving his friend advice about a 3 Here’s a picture of the back legs, with five holes for screws.
challenge. What’s his advice?

4 Very strong winds and sudden showers.
A Plan all movements with care.

5 The rain is clearing.
B Go forward in a straight line.

6 Dip a little stick in a few drops of lemon juice.
C Don’t take too long.

7 Hold it over a light bulb.
8 I thought you’d need special invisible ink.
112 What’s the volume of a pizza with radius ‘z’ and height ‘a’? Pi x z x z x a.
exam tip:
grammar
open cloze
explore p158
Sometimes there will be more than one correct answer. Write only
have/get something done

one: the one you are most confident is correct, and which you are
sure you can spell correctly. (You get no marks for a word that is
A We use have + object + past participle when we spelt wrongly.)
arrange for someone else to do something for us. Work in pairs. Look at gap 2 in Ex 4. What answer(s) could fit here?
Which are you most confident is correct?

I had it repaired last week.
B We can use this pattern with all tenses of have.

I have it repaired quite oﬅen. 4 Complete the text with one word in each gap.
I’m having it repaired now.
Real-life spies
I’ve had it repaired three times this year.
I’ll have it repaired tomorrow.
C We can use get something done with the same Alex Foley was sixteen when he
1
meaning, especially in spoken English.
his life turned upside-down. There was a knock at
They got the area photographed by pigeons. the door of his family home in the USA. Lots of police
D We use have (NOT get) when someone does officers rushed in, and his parents 2 taken
3
something to us that we didn’t want or ask for, away. ‘They’ve arrested for spying,’ the police told
Alex and his older brother, Tim. ‘Our investigators will be in the house
oﬅen something bad.
4
for twenty-four hours, and we’re going to all the
He got had his mobile stolen.
computers in the house checked.’
5
Alex and Tim had always thought their parents were
1 Read the grammar box. Then complete the Canadian and quite boring, they now discovered that they were
actually Russian, and had been sent to North America 6

sentences using ‘have/get something done’.
work as spies!
1 At the moment, some students 7
A days later, Alex received a message from his mother,
8
telling him to fly to Moscow. There, he was met
(have / their height / measure).
friends of his parents and introduced to an uncle and cousin he had
2 I never heard of. Soon his parents arrived, after a swap of Russian and
(just / have / my bedroom / redecorate). American spies. Alex could never return to North America; a new life
3 We had begun.
(get / our hair / colour) for the school play next
week.
4 Jack
Speak up
5
(have / his nose / break) in a fight earlier.
Work in pairs. Which of these jobs do you and your family do
5 He
yourselves? Which do you have done by other people? Tell your
(not have / it / look at) by a doctor yet.
partner two true statements and one lie. Can they guess the lie?
6
(you / get / your laptop / fix)? check your health clean the house cut your hair look after the garden
paint repair kitchen equipment repair the car

2 Rewrite the sentences using ‘have/get something
done’. In which ones could both be used to rewrite
the sentences?
1 The optician has checked his eyesight.
He has had his eyesight checked .
2 The hairdresser is cutting my hair right now.
I .
3 Our new sofa is being delivered at 3 p.m.
We .
4 Her dog was stolen yesterday.
She .
5 A photographer takes our family photo every year.
6 Someone will fix my bike soon.
. 113
USE OF ENGLISH 2 4 Read the language box. What does ‘experience’ mean in each
example?
1 What are some of the things you find easy to do? 5 Which of the nouns in bold are countable? Which are
Do you enjoy doing them? What about things that uncountable? How is their meaning different? Discuss in pairs.
are more difficult?
1 A It’s getting dark. Let’s switch on the lights.
2 Read the sentences (1–6) and then look at the table B It’s getting dark, but there’s still a little light.
below. Which words in bold describe easy or difficult 2 A The bus was full, so there wasn’t much room.
tasks?
B The room was full of students.
1 I know some basic French, but I’d love to be more

3 A Hurry up! We haven’t got much time.
B
advanced.
How many times do I have to do this?
2
4 A
I found that science topic very confusing at first but
Do you want company on your bike ride?
the explanation in the video is really clear.
B
3
What’s the name of the company your mum works for?
I really struggle in physical challenges because I’m
not fit.
5 A I haven’t got a job, but I’m looking for work.
4 It was a tough race, with lots of hills to climb.

B Da Vinci produced many works of art.
5 The English exam was a piece of cake. I think I got full

6 A I did two maths exercises for homework.
marks. But I did terribly in maths. It was a nightmare! B How much exercise do you do each week?
6
6
That’s a tricky question. There’s no simple answer.
easy difficult
noun or exam tip: multiple-choice cloze

noun phrase
Sometimes the answer options have a similar meaning. Choose the
verb option that ‘feels’ right, even if you can’t explain why. It’s likely to be
the correct one!

adjective
Read the first sentence in Ex 6 quickly. Which answer ‘feels’ right
for gap 1?
3 Discuss these questions in pairs. Use words from Ex 2. 7 Read the article and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
1 Which languages can you speak at a basic level, and
which at a more advanced level?

‘No internet’ week
2 What did you think of your most recent exams?
I knew that living a whole week without the internet was something that
3 What type of activities do you struggle with? I would

1
with, but I thought I should give it a try anyway. I’d
2
that I spent about 8 percent of every day on social media. If that doesn’t
explore vocabulary sound like a huge 3 , think of it another way: that’s a whole month in
every year! I’d also read about how social media

4
sell information
5
about our lives to advertisers, so that was another for wanting to
Some nouns can be countable OR uncountable.
break the habit. The start of the week was a total 6 . I kept wanting
The meaning is usually different.
to open my favourite social media apps. I needed to get away from my
He had lots of experience in game design. 7
phone, so I decided to do some exercise every day. I’m not very on
The book is based on her childhood experiences.

8
sport, so that was for me, but it definitely helped – the second half
of the week was a lot easier.
1 A challenge B struggle C bother D trouble
2 A multiplied B analysed C calculated D subtracted
3 A percentage B fraction C area D measurement
4 A industries B employers C companies D works
5 A reason B result C purpose D effect
6 A difficulty B nightmare C puzzle D problem
7 A enthusiastic B popular C good D keen
8 A tough B advanced C basic D confusing
Speak up
8 How much time do you spend on social media? How would you
feel if you had to give it up for a week?

114
A B
SPEAKING
Power up
1 Answer the questions. Then work in pairs
and compare your answers.
Do you prefer to do activities that are:
1 indoors or outdoors?
2 physical or mental?
3 team or individual?
2 Read this notice from a school
noticeboard. Which of these competitions
would you most like to enter? Why? Use

5 Read the useful language. Work in pairs and take it in turns
words from Ex 1 to discuss with a partner. to describe an object using those words and phrases. Can
your partner guess what it is?
Competition Day! Speak up
6 Work in pairs and compare the photos A and B. What do
Which competition do you want to enter? you think the people are finding diffi cult in each situation?
Talk for one minute. Use these questions to help you.
1 Maths Contest 1 What are they trying to do in each photo?
2 Mud Race 2 What similarities and differences are there? (Use ‘both’ and
3 Football Cup
‘neither’.)
4 Robot Challenge
3 Which challenge would you prefer?
5 Singing Championship 7 Read the exam tip and complete the task.
6 Kayak Adventure
7 General Knowledge Quiz exam tip: long turn p165
Make sure you talk about the people in the photos, not your
own experiences.
3 8.7 Listen to four people talking about competitions

Don’t speak when it’s your partner’s turn to compare their
they entered. Match these words with the phrases used by
photos. Instead, pay attention to what they say and be ready
the speakers.
to answer a question from the examiner yourself at the end.
Work in pairs and take turns to answer this question as a

venue participants obstacles life jacket
follow-up to the questions in Ex 2.
1 a special type of clothing that keeps you safe in water Which of these activities would you prefer to do? Why?
2 things that are in your way
3 the other people who were taking part

8 Work in pairs. Take it in turns to look at your photos and
4 the place where the competition was held then answer the questions.
4 8.8 Listen again. Which of the activities in Ex 2 do the

Student A’s photos are on page 174.
speakers mention? Match two of them to the photos. Student B’s photos are on page 176.
useful language: Speaking extra
dealing with unknown or forgotten words 9 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Then think of
another question on the subject of competitions to discuss.

What are they called, things that are in your way?
… it’s a special type of clothing that keeps you safe in water. 1 Do you enjoy competitions or do you prefer to do activities
… the place where the competition was held … that aren’t competitive? Why?
… the other people who were taking part.

2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
It’s a kind of stick.
competitive activities?
… the object I had to hold.
3 Is it important for everyone to take part in competitions?
Playing competitive sports raises attention span, reduces stress and can help improve academic success. 115
WRITING 4 Read a student’s essay. Is the third idea he chose the same as yours in
Ex 3? Do you agree with his point?
Power up
In many cities, security cameras record our behaviour twenty-
1 What aspects of your daily life in public are four hours a day: in shops, on public transport and on the
secretly recorded on camera? Who can see streets. Not surprisingly, some people think this is a good thing,
the videos? while others disagree.
2 Which of these people know most about your On the one hand, I believe that security cameras can help
daily life? Put them in order from 1 (most) to reduce crime. Clearly, people are less likely to break the law
5 (least). Do any of them know more about you
when they think they may be caught on camera.
than you would like? How?
On the other hand, since most people are honest citizens, they
your brothers/sisters
deserve a private life. They do not want cameras watching
your parents
them while they are innocently living their daily lives.
your friends
strangers
Unfortunately, funny security camera videos sometimes find
their way onto the internet without the permission of the
the government
person in the video. It would be very embarrassing if you did
something silly and it was watched by millions of people. I do
Plan on
not think this should be allowed to happen.
3 Read the task. Think of a third point to
In conclusion, although security cameras can help increase
include in your answer.
safety on our streets, they also have some disadvantages. In
my opinion, they are only a good thing in
areas where the risk of crime is very high.
Our activities are recorded on security
cameras approximately 80 times a day
if we live in a city. Is this a good or a
bad thing?
Write an essay using all the notes and giving
Notes
Write about:
• crime
• privacy
• (your own idea)
Write your essay in 140–190 words.
116
7
language
Read the task and make a list of things you
explore could use as your own idea in the essay.
adverbs of comment
Some adverbs tell us the writer’s viewpoint or make a comment about the To stop themselves from worrying, a
information in the rest of the sentence. The adverb describes the whole lot of parents like to know what their
sentence, not just a particular verb or adjective. It usually goes at the start children are doing all the time. Is this a
of the sentence and is followed by a comma. good or a bad thing?
Unfortunately, funny security camera videos sometimes find their way
onto the internet. Write an essay using all the notes and giving

Not surprisingly, some people think this is a good thing, while others
disagree. Notes
Clearly, people are less likely to break the law when they think they may Write about:
be caught on camera.
• safety
• independence
5 Read the language box and then choose the correct adverbs of comment
• (your own idea)
to complete the sentences. Write your essay in 140–190 words.
1 Fortunately / Sadly, there is a lot of crime in this city.
2
8
Obviously / Surprisingly, we all want to feel safe as we walk around town.
3 I sometimes feel embarrassed when friends post videos of me on the
exam tip:
internet. Clearly / Similarly, I am sometimes unhappy about the photos
of me that my mother shares on social media. essay p167
4 Not surprisingly / Similarly, the cost of installing security cameras in the Try to evaluate different opinions in your essay.
park is quite high. This means balancing one opinion against
5 Incredibly / Clearly, there is one security camera for every eight people in another before giving your own opinion.
my city!
What arguments can you think of that the
6 Luckily / Increasingly, the police are relying on security cameras instead parents’ behaviour is a good thing? And what
of walking around the city centre themselves. arguments can you think of that it’s bad?
Write on 9 Make notes for each point in your essay. Then
6 Discuss this information in pairs. Is the parents’ behaviour a good or a

make a plan for each paragraph, arranging
your points in a logical order. Remember to

bad thing? Why? Which statistic is the most surprising?
include an introduction in your first paragraph
and a conclusion in your last one.
DID YOU KNOW 10 Write your essay in 140–190 words.
THAT IN THE USA... Improve it
11
61%
Take time to read your essay. Then ask
yourself these questions.

of parents check the websites
that their teenagers have visited. 1 Does your essay have a clear structure, with
an introduction and a conclusion?
60%
2 Does it give a balance of opinions?
visit their social media accounts. 3 Have you written in a formal style?
4 Have you used suitable linking words?
48% look through their phone calls
and messages.
12 Swap your essay with a partner. Ask them
to check your work for any mistakes (e.g.
grammar, spelling, word order).
16% 13 Read your essay again and make the

track their teenagers’ location
necessary corrections.
through their mobile phones.
Dad: You’ve been on that computer for hours. Me: No, I’ve been on a chair! 117
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Listening and speaking
1 Look back at the listening lessons in Units
6–8. Think about how well you did with
these kinds of tasks. Put ticks next to each
of the skills.
In the questions, you had to:
1 complete gapped sentences.
SWITCH ON
2 match options with the correct speakers.
3 choose the correct multiple-choice
answers.
2 Work in pairs and compare your answers. For
any tasks with only one tick, discuss why you

Alpine app
find them difficult and think of strategies you
1 Work in pairs. Discuss your three favourite apps. Describe what they
can use to improve.
do and why you like them.

3 Now think about your pronunciation when
2 Watch the clip. What does the app do?

you speak in English. Read this list and
add ticks as you did in Ex 1. Then compare
3 Watch again. Ed and Kit name four simple steps in the with a partner. For any items with only one
development of their app. Complete the details below. tick, discuss the strategies you can use to
improve them.
1 Step 1: Work out what people want.
2
Can you:
Step 2: Come up with a simple .
3 Step 3: Write the for the app.

1 speak so people understand you?
4 Step 4: Raise and make deals with ski resorts.

2 pronounce vowels and consonants
correctly, even when those sounds
4 Answer the questions as a class. don’t exist in your first language?
1 What is more important to you when doing sport, fun or

3 stress the syllables in words accurately?
a competition? 4 stress the words in sentences accurately?
2 What is the most interesting feature of Ed and Kit’s app? 5 use good intonation?
4 Complete the sentences with your own
listening and pronunciation goals.
Project
5 Work in pairs. Design an app for a sport you enjoy, or a popular sport
in your country.
1 One thing I will do to
1 Research apps that are available for other sports and list the kinds of improve my listening skills is
functions they have. .
2 Choose a sport for your app and think about:
• who will use the app.
• what the app measures.
• how people can interact through the app.
• why your app is better/more useful/more fun than other apps.

2 One thing I will do to
3 Develop a design for your app showing the different screen and
improve my pronunciation is
functions.
.
4 Present your app to the class. The class can fund only one app.
Vote on which app will receive the funding.
118
1 1
UNIT CHECK ∫ ( y +1
2
+
2
y- 1
) dy =
∫( 1+e
-x
) dx
Wordlist
Maths Word building: -tion, -sion, Nouns that are both picture (v)
add (v) -ment countable and uncountable reckon (v)
angle (n) calculate (v) → calculation (n) company relate (v)
decide (v) → decision (n) exercise

area (n) screw (n)
employ (v) → employment (n) experience

average (n, adj) shower (n)
divided by (phr) improve (v) → improvement (n) light specify (v)
double (v) measure (v) → measurement ( n) room standard (adj)
solve (v) → solution ( n) time

even (adj) sun (n)
work
fraction (n) Easy and difficult survival (n)
minus (prep) a piece of cake (phr) Other van (n)
multiplied by (phr) basic (adj) clear (v)

Extra
negative (adj) clear (adj) come across (phr v) ancestor (n)
odd (adj) confusing (adj ) console (n) astronomer (n)
percentage (n) nightmare (n) dip (v)

Earth (n)
plus (prep) simple (adj) estimate (v)

galaxy (n)
positive (adj) struggle (v) furious (adj) planet (n)
quarter (n) tough (adj) ink (n) solar system (n)
series (n) tricky (adj) leﬅ over (phr)

space (n)
subtract (v) light bulb (n)

telescope (n)
universe (n)
Practice
1 Label the symbols with words from the Maths section of 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of these
the wordlist. words.
A
calculate confuse decide employ exercise
B improve solve struggle time trick
C
D 1 Building it wasn’t easy – the instructions were really
.
E
2 We did some really difficult in our Spanish
2 Complete the sentences with words from the Maths lesson today.
section of the wordlist. 3 I’m with my project because I have too
much else to do.

1 Four of us are going to share the cake, so we can have a
each.
4 It’s easy to work out the problem, but finding a
is more difficult.
2 Two two equals four.
5 There were
3
when I felt like giving up.
I only got ten points in the practice test, but I need twenty
to pass. How can I my score?

6 We’ve talked about lots of ideas. Now let’s make a
on what to do.
4 Some numbers, like 1 and 3, are odd, but others, like 2 and
4, are .
7 It’s a question, but luckily I know the answer.
5 The garden is really big – it has an of 100

8 Is it easy to find in your country when you
need to earn money?

square metres.
6 Some students in the class are fourteen or sixteen, but the

9 She’s learning fast, and making little
every day.
age is fiﬅeen.
10 I can’t do that in my head. I need a calculator.
119
UNIT CHECK
Review
1 Complete the sentences with one word in 4 Complete the article with the correct active or passive form of the verbs
each gap. in brackets.
The golden ratio

1 Archimedes killed by a Roman
soldier because he refused to stop working
on his calculations.
2
1.618 is a special number called phi, pronounced ‘figh’.
The number zero wasn’t used
In maths,
the Romans, even though it existed in other
Phi
1 (use) by mathematicians and artists for many
number systems at the time.
centuries. In fact, a long time ago it
2 (believe) to be
3 Five hundred years ago in the Inca civilisation
magical. But why?
of South America, numbers
recorded by tying knots in pieces of string. A rectangle with two sides one unit long and two sides phi units
3
4 A googolplex is a number so big that it will long (know) as a golden rectangle. If you make a
square at one end of the large rectangle, you

4 (see)
never written down, because
it would fill the whole universe. another small golden rectangle next to it. If you keep doing this,
5
5 There are many mathematical problems a spiral pattern (appear).
which not been solved yet. People think that when the Parthenon in Athens
6
6 In 1995, mathematicians were very excited (build), the architect used golden rectangles, and examples of
because a solution had finally golden rectangles have

found to a 300-year-old maths problem 7 (find) in
called Fermat’s Last Theorem.
many other classical
2 Complete the text with the correct form of

buildings too.
‘have something done’ and these verbs. Will other examples of
phi
8
break install repair steal take (discover) in the future?
Who knows.
The break-in 5 Rewrite the sentences using the words given. Use between two and five
1 words, including the word given.
Last night Mateo’s family
2
their living room window by
1 They are going to give her some help.
3
a thief and Mateo his laptop
IS
4
.
She some help.
The police are there at the moment. One 2 A builder is fixing our roof today.
detective is looking for fingerprints, and HAVING

5
Mateo’s mother her details
We today by a builder.
6
by another.
3 We won’t know the exam results for weeks.
As soon as possible, his parents are going NOT

7
to put things right. They the The exam results for weeks.
8
window tomorrow morning
4 I thought Mr Day had cancelled the lesson.
9
and they a new burglar alarm
BEEN
10
at the weekend. It will be harder
I thought the lesson Mr Day.
for thieves to steal from the house in future.
5 Most classes use this textbook.
GETS
3 8.9 There are two mistakes in each This textbook most classes.
paragraph in Ex 2. Listen to Mateo’s

6 They haven’t put the new computer in our classroom yet.
conversation with a friend and correct
STILL
the mistakes.
The new computer in our classroom.
6 Choose a place, e.g. your school or town. How has it changed? What do
you think will change in the future? Use the passive.
120
The true
sign of
intelligence
is creativity.
1
2
What does being ‘creative’ mean to you?
In what way(s) do you enjoy being creative?
Express yourself
READING
topic: creative arts events
skill: using synonymous phrases
to find the correct answer

VOCABULARY
visual arts;
collocations
live entertainment
USE OF ENGLISH
key word transformation
SPEAKING
9
WRITING
topic: the Edinburgh festivals
skill: organising a review,
using interesting language
task: review
LISTENING topic: work experience
GRAMMAR topic: performing arts school skill: managing a discussion

SWITCH ON
reported speech video: stage management
skill: focusing on meaning task: collaborative task
reporting questions, orders project: write a film scene

and requests script
121
9 Express yourself
READING 4 Read the article again. Match the questions (1–10) with the
people (A–D). The people may be chosen more than once.
Which person:
Power up 1 was surprised by their success in a particular area?
1 Do you think of yourself as a creative person? Why/

2 realised that attitudes had changed for the better?
Why not? Is there an unusual creative activity you 3 felt satisfied by what they had managed to produce?
would like to try? 4 was unable to do something because of previous commitments?
5 mentioned discovering they had a lot in common with others?
Read on 6 made good use of their skills to give an account of an event?
2 Read the article about creative arts events quickly.

7 talked to someone whose abilities were not normally recognised?
Match the events (1–4) with the people in the article 8 was grateful for the encouragement of a particular person?
(A–D). 9 found that the opposite of other people’s opinion was true?
1 Street art printmaking, Pine Street Creative Arts 10 had not been given all the information about a particular event?
Centre, Sydney
2 Animex (animation festival), Teesside University, UK

5 Find words and phrases in the article that mean the following.
3 Barcelona Comic Convention, Spain

1 seeming never to finish (text A)
4 Southbank Centre Young Adult Literature Festival,

2 a large number of people or things (text A)
London, UK 3 was right for a particular person or occasion (text B)
4
3
the opposite was true (text B)
5 existing or happening now (text C)
6
7
succeed in dealing with or controlling something (text D)
have no knowledge about something (text D)
Check that your answer matches the question exactly.
More than one text/paragraph may mention similar

Sum up
ideas, but only one will answer the question correctly.
Look at question 1 in Ex 4 and text D in the article. 6 Work in pairs. Choose one of the young people you read about.
Which sentence matches ‘surprised’ and ‘success’ Describe what type of event they went to and why. Your
in the question? Read the whole sentence. Does it partner will check the information you give and then talk about
answer the question? someone else.
Speak up
7 If you could interview anyone, who would it be?
Write 5 questions you would ask them. Work in
pairs and pretend to do the interview. Ask and
answer each others’ questions.
122 I’m not antisocial; I’m just not user-friendly.

CREATIVE ARTS
EVENTS
A CALLUM C FRANCESCA
When I told my friend that I’d never been to an There were ten students in my class – it was sort of like
event like this before, he couldn’t believe it! ‘But a workshop. A really cool artist showed us how to make
you’re such a geek!’ he said, joking of course – but stencils of some pictures that we’d brought in and turn
I knew he was right. I just couldn’t get enough of them into prints that we could put on bags and stuff. If
characters in fantasy worlds from film and fiction: my art teacher at school hadn’t persuaded me to do this
The Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, all the anime class, I’d never have thought of it but she knew how much
characters, dragons – well, the list is endless. Then I love contemporary street art. But what she hadn’t told me
suddenly, at my first Comic Con, I was surrounded was that one of the biggest street artists in Australia was
by a bunch of people, all of whom were interested running the class. I almost fell off my chair when I found
in the same sort of things, the same worlds. And myself working side by side with him. Now I’ve got a bag
you know, by joining in all the events during those to be proud of, with my own original design on it, and –
few days, I realised that what used to who knows? This might be the first step on the
be laughed at and mocked, is now path to a career. If Manolo Blahnik, the great
mainstream pop culture and even footwear designer, could start off by making
considered to be something that espadrilles in his village, then maybe I’ll
deserves respect! become a designer too one day!
B STEFFIE D BILLY
I really wanted to volunteer as a literature advisor This conference was a perfect opportunity for me to
for this event but I couldn’t make the planning conduct some live interviews and try out my journalistic
sessions because of school exams. So, I decided to skills – so my friends said I had to go. I managed to
get involved in the event as a social reporter instead overcome my nerves, mainly because I was so keen to
when I could just turn up on the day. I think that role hear more about animation and the games market. I wasn’t
actually suited me better anyway since everyone expecting it but the speakers and important guys were
says I’m good at posting interesting comments on really kind and willing to be interviewed by little me! One
social media – although I don’t spend all my time on representative of a top American film studio told me that
it as some of my friends say I do! Anyway, I listened he always took away from this conference new contacts
to all the talks and uploaded my impressions for and friends in the industry. He seemed to think that this
everyone who couldn’t get to the event. You know, level of cooperation was quite unusual. I also interviewed
people had warned me that I might find the festival a professional board and video games creator. He
really tiring but on the contrary, I was buzzing and mentioned that he’d always be grateful for conferences like
full of energy! I just felt it was so important to listen these because they brought together people who really
to experts in the field and find out more about the understood how difficult it is to make games work properly.
creation of literature for young people. According to him, the general public don’t have a clue!
123
9 Express yourself
GRAMMAR 2 9.1 Listen to three speakers talking about festivals. Where did each of
them go?
1 Read the grammar box. Match the uses (1–4) 3 9.2 Listen again and write sentences in reported speech about what
with the examples given (A–D). the speakers said.
1 modals: may → might, must/have to → Speaker 1: My friends warned me that .
had to
Speaker 2: My friends advised me to and not to
2 present continuous → past continuous .
3 reporting verbs like say and tell Speaker 3: My friends complained that .
4 present perfect → past perfect

4 Read the online posts about a painting and photography workshop. Then
grammar
complete the report: choose the correct reporting verbs and report what
explore p160 each person said.
reported speech Katie, 15 Add message | Report
The workshop has been much better than I expected and I’ve learnt a lot.
Aﬅer a past tense reporting verb (e.g. said,
told, thought), the verb used by the speaker Everyone ought to have the experience of light painting!
normally goes back one tense. Pronouns and Alex, 16 Add message | Report
time and place words may also change.

Right now, I’m having a fantastic time but I must clear up all the paint
e.g. today → that day, this → that, around me!
here → there, etc.

Maria, 14 Add message | Report
A I can’t chat because I’m too busy but I’ll send you some photos of my
What she hadn’t told me was that one of amazing artwork later this evening.
the biggest street artists in Australia was
Workshop report
running the class!
B
,
When I told my friend that I’d never been good day although, of course
Generally, it seemed to be a really
to an event like this before, he couldn’t
n!
each student had their own opinio
believe it!
C 1 Katie complained admitted

/ that .
She added advised

/ that
.
This conference was a perfect opportunity
for me so my friends said I had to go. 2 Alex informed insisted

/ me that
.
BUT: should, could, might , ought to, would 3 Maria believed explained
/ that .
→ no change ne really enjoyed the workshop

So, in the end, it seems that everyo
People had warned me that I might find one!
and we look forward to the next
the festival really tiring.
Pippa, Year 9
D
verbs that follow the same pattern as say

(+ that), e.g. add, admit, believe, complain,
explain, insist, know, mention, realise, think Speak up
verbs that follow the same pattern as tell
+ object (+ that/to + infinitive), e.g. advise,

5 Think of examples when someone a) told you to do something, b) warned
convince, promise, inform, warn you not to do something and c) explained something to you. Discuss
each one in pairs, then write down your sentences.

He warned us that the conference might
be boring.
They told us to be on time.
124 Do you fancy throwing paint at your friends? Try paintballing!

VOCABULARY 4 Read the vocabulary box. Then complete the
collocations in the conversation with these words.
There are two extra words you do not need.

visual arts
1 Complete the sentences with these words. There is one extra characters culture experience fiction game
word you do not need. imagination skill street world
A: What are you reading?

animation artwork creation design graffiti
original represent B: An anime novel. Here, have a look.
1
A: Oohhh! I love the artistic that goes
1 All students must collect the pieces of they
into the images here. It must take ages to illustrate
have drawn or painted during the year and present them one of these books.
in a portfolio. 2
B: And you really need a vivid to think up
2 Have you decided how you are going to the some of these plots!
poster yet? We need something colourful and eye-catching. 3

A: Yeah, it’s a real fantasy , isn’t it? But
3 We discovered that my grandfather had a(n) somehow, you can still identify with the characters and
Picasso hanging in his study! I think that’s the secret of their success. I mean, they’re
4 If you follow a course in Media Studies at university, you will be part of pop
4
now, aren’t they?
able to study as part of the course. 5

B: Just like art. But I’d prefer anime any
5 The Japanese film-maker Hayao Miyazaki is responsible for the day. I’ve built up quite a collection now.
of many classic anime films. A: Oh and by the way, there’s a one-day animation course
6 Banksy is a artist who has now become on at the college this weekend. It‘ll be an incredible
6 . Shall we go? We can create
successful in many different countries around the world. learning
our own cartoon

7 !
2 Match the phrasal verbs (1–6) with their meanings (A–F).

B: Awesome! Let’s do it!
1 bring together 4 start out
2 build up 5 think up
5 9.3 Listen and check your answers to Ex 4.
3 join in 6 try out
Speak up
A begin to take part in something that other people are doing
6 Imagine that you have good artistic skills. In what way
B test something to find out if it’s successful
would you choose to use them and why?
C produce a new idea

• designing clothes or jewellery
D gradually increase
• working with computer animation
E make people feel more friendly to each other

• drawing characters for anime
F begin work, etc. in a particular way

• nature photography
3 Work in pairs. Complete the questions with phrasal verbs from • something else
Ex 2. Then ask and answer the questions.
1 Think of someone famous. How did he or she in game on

his/her career?
Work in pairs or small groups. Create a story outline for
2 What artistic activity would you like to just once
a new comic book, graphic novel or anime using three or
to see if you like it?
four characters. Your story must include: a teen boy or
3 Do you know how to your knowledge in a girl, a mountain and a disaster. Have a class competition
particular area? to find the best idea!
explore vocabulary
collocations
Certain words are normally used together. Notice these in your
reading and try to learn the whole phrase each time.
perfect opportunity, post comments, (the) first step, spend
time, general public
125
9 Express yourself
LISTENING 6 9.6 Listen to the whole interview and choose the correct
answer, A, B or C.
1 How does Sara feel about getting into the performing arts school?
Power up A worried about whether she is good enough
1 Have you ever performed on stage? How could

B unsure about learning new things
performing on stage make you feel? Would the C nervous about leaving her family
size of the audience make a difference? 2 What does Sara say about learning to play the guitar?
A
2 What do you think of when you hear the words
She preferred writing lyrics.
‘performing arts’? In one minute, list as many B She always aimed very high.
types as you can think of. C She found it quite easy.
3 What does Sara think might be a problem for the band?
Listen up A staying together aﬅer she leaves
B
3
keeping on using the same place to practise
Work in pairs and discuss the meaning of these
words. Then use them to complete the sentences. C having too much schoolwork to do
4 How did Sara feel when she started acting?
lyrics pretend process scholarship A keen to learn more about Shakespeare
talent-spotters technique
B a bit unsure of her abilities in that area
1 When you act, you to be someone

C pleased to have the support of her school
you aren’t, so that other people will see you as 5 In what way is acting like a child’s game, according to Sara?
that character. A It involves characters that are not real.
2 Aﬅer some voice-training lessons, Paul’s singing B Adults need to relearn how to do it.
was almost at a professional level.

C It’s full of different emotions.
3
6
Did you say that are coming to
What is Sara’s opinion of hip-hop?
the show? Now I’m really nervous!
A It’s more fun than swimming.
4 I love the of that song – they tell
the story of how a boy found his true talent in

B It’s easier than gymnastics.
music. C It requires hard work.
5 Maria was so lucky to win a to 7 What does Sara think the shows at the performing arts school will
study at the Royal Ballet School. offer her?
6 Learning a musical instrument can sometimes A the chance to improve her dance technique
seem to be a slow . B the possibility of being noticed by someone important
4 9.4 Listen to the first part of a radio interview

C an opportunity to win a competition
with a teenager who hopes to have a career in
the performing arts. Which three performing arts Speak up

does she mention?
7 Work in two groups to have a
5 9.5 Read the exam tip and complete the task. debate. Each group will choose
one of the performing arts and

argue why they think it is the
most interesting, (e.g. dance
Remember to focus on the meaning of what vs. drama).
the speaker says and whether this answers the
question rather than concentrating on a particular
word or words. What seems the most obvious
answer may not always be the right one!
Look at question 1 in Ex 6 and the options. Does
she mention feeling not as good as others? How
confident is she about the subjects she will study? Is
she happy about living away from home? Which of
these answers is the correct one? Listen to part of
the recording again and choose the correct answer.
126
1 Read the grammar box. Think of three things that people exam tip: key word transformation
have recently asked you, or things they have asked you to do,
Think carefully about all the words that you must
and write them down as reported speech. Work in pairs and
include. Don’t forget names, nouns, pronouns, etc. as
compare your ideas.
well as the verb form changes.
grammar
Look at question 1 in Ex 5. Who is Olivia talking to?
explore p160 Where should his name come in the gapped sentence?
Do you also need a pronoun? If you do, where should
reporting questions, orders and requests it go?
A For yes/no questions, use ask + if/whether:

Has it been it difficult to play in a band? →
5 Rewrite the sentences using the word given. Use

The interviewer asked Sara if/whether it had been difficult to
play in a band.
1 ‘Have you booked the tickets, Will?’ Olivia asked.
B For wh- questions, use ask + wh- word: WHETHER
Olivia asked
How do you feel about getting into the school, Sara? →
booked the tickets.
The interviewer asked Sara how she felt about getting into
the school.
2 ‘You’d better not dance in the square,’ the police offi cer
told the boys.

C For orders and requests, follow this pattern:
WARNED
verb (e.g. tell/ask) + person + (not) + to- infinitive
The police officer
The interviewer asked Sara to tell them about her musical
dance in the square.
experience.
3 ‘You said you’d look at some online reviews of the play,’
D Other verbs for reporting orders and requests include: beg, Andrew told me.
order, persuade, remind, warn
REMINDED
Sara’s friend persuaded her to join a teenage theatre group.
Andrew
some online reviews of the play.
2 Report what these people said. 4 ‘Be at the box office by six o’clock if you want to get a
ticket,’ mum said to Vicky and me.
1 Dana, do you mind practising your guitar in here? Thanks!

TOLD
2 How many people are in your dance team, Ross?

Mum at the
box office by six o’clock if we wanted to get a ticket.
3 Where did you learn how to do 5 ‘Please don’t be late for rehearsals,’ the music teacher
special-effects make-up, Chrissie? told the students.
TO
4 Please switch your mobile phones
The music teacher asked
off before the concert starts.
1 Dana’s mum asked .

be late for rehearsals.
2 The reporter asked .

6 ‘Where is the singing competition taking place?’ my
cousin asked me.

3 The actor asked .
WAS
4 The conductor asked .
My cousin asked me
3 Work in pairs and report the orders and requests using these taking place.
verbs. Compare answers with another pair.
Speak up
begged ordered told warned
6 Write sentences, either imaginary or true, using the
1 ‘Don’t make a sound once the curtain goes up!’ he said to us. verbs ‘beg,’ ‘order,’ ‘persuade’ and ‘tell.’ Then work in
2 ‘Don’t eat that mushroom because it’s poisonous,’ I said to her.

pairs and share your sentences. See if your partner can
guess whether they are true or not.

3 ‘Don’t forget your dance class this evening,’ my mum said to me.
4 ‘Please, please let me go to the concert!’ she said to her dad.
The earliest known evidence of dancing comes from 9,000-year-old cave paintings in India. 127
9 Express yourself
USE OF ENGLISH 2
1 Is it popular for young people to go to concerts or
the theatre where you live? Why/Why not?
2 Complete the text about a special concert
location with these words.

exam tip:
acoustics background classical live musicians
open-air performance stage venue world-class multiple-choice cloze
Quite oﬅen, certain words can be correct or wrong according to a
specific context, e.g. at the theatre there is an audience , whereas in

a sports stadium you might talk about the spectators or even the
DALHALLA AMPHITHEATRE, SWEDEN
crowd. Make sure you are familiar with topic-related vocabulary.
Dalhalla is a unique 1 Look at gap 1 in Ex 6 and the choices. Look back at the verb that is
amphitheatre that was constructed in an old used in the sentence before the gap. Which of the choices could go
quarry. The theatre, with its 2

with that verb?
of
huge rock walls, is a popular 3 for
many famous and

4
recognised 6 Read the article and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
each gap.
artists during the summer months. Everyone
enjoys performing 5 here, from

t a
6 to pop 7 , because Wha
of the almost perfect 8 which performance!

make the sound especially clear and beautiful.
Last weekend, we performed our end-of-year school 1 and

But what makes this theatre even more unusual
everyone was very excited and nervous. During the
2 , I’d been
is the water that surrounds the 9 .
learning Abby’s role in case she was taken ill. Then, last week,
Some of the singers often take an unexpected
Abby was rushed to hospital with appendicitis! So now I had the
dive after their 10 – to cool off! 3
chance to take her place and perform on ! Panic! My friends
all tried to calm me down and told me that I would be fantastic.
4
3 Choose the correct words to complete the
I was still nervous but I decided to just
5
my best. On the
6
night, I looked through the curtain at the and saw my
conversation.
parents and my brother sitting in the second 7 . Taking a
A: Hi, Niccy. Where are you off to?
deep breath, I felt I’d be OK.
1
B: I’m just going to queue / line outside the
2 Sure enough, the evening was a success, but all I remember
fan club / box office here at the theatre! I want
to get a seat in the front

3line / row of the balcony
is everyone congratulating me at the end. ‘You blew us away,
4 open sis!’ said my brother. My parents also said that I’d

8 a great
if I can, but it’s the / opening night so it
might be tricky. performance so I felt very proud of myself!
A: What
5play / drama are you going to see?
B: Oh, it’s a comedy. My drama teacher has one of 1 A act B scenery C play D theatre
6
the main characters / roles.
2 A rehearsals B trials C repeats D reviews
7arriving
A: Is anyone well-known / appearing?
3 A scene B setting C space D stage
B: Not really – well, at least as far as I know. How

4 A do B create C make D present
about you? What are you up to?
5 A early B opening C original D previous
A: I’m off to our final rehearsal before the concert
tomorrow. The tickets are all

8
given away /
6 A viewers B society C audience D visitors
sold out and I’m a bit nervous! 7 A chair B row C seat D line
B: Don’t worry, Andy! I’m sure the

9
audience / 8 A acted B played C shown D given
10
guests will love you! I’ll text you in the interval /
performance to see how you’re getting on.

Speak up
A: Thanks, Niccy!
7 Why does performing in public make people nervous? What would
4 9.7 Listen and check your answers to Ex 3. you find difficult about it and how could you overcome your nerves?
128 ‘All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.’ (William Shakespeare, As You Like It )
SPEAKING 3 9.8 Read the useful language. Listen to two
students discussing how useful the first work
experience option would be. Which phrases from
the useful language do they use?

Power up
1 Look at the photo. What do you think the girl is making? Where do
you think she is doing work experience?

useful language:
managing a discussion
2 Look at the task about work experience options that are connected
Shall I start?
with the arts. Match the options (1–5) with the comments (A–J).
Would you like to start?
What do you think about … ?
1 being an extra on a film set 2 working with an events manager What’s your opinion?
How about you?
Which one would you prefer to talk about?
How might students find these Which activities do you prefer?
types of work experience useful? What about … ?
adding question tags

3 watching a 4 following an 5 helping a teen
It is …, isn’t it?
fashion designer architectural magazine editor
I think …, aren’t they?
photographer
making a decision
So, perhaps we should make a decision now.

If you chose this option:
So, shall we decide?
A you could learn how to be imaginative with styles and colours.
Which do you think (would be better)?
B you’d get experience of communicating with important clients. Let’s see if we agree.
C it would be an opportunity to find out what goes on behind the
scenes.
4 Work in pairs. Carry on the conversation from
D it would be interesting to learn how to organise different things on
Ex 3 and discuss the remaining options from Ex 2.
the page.
E you’d be able to understand how to create the best look. 5 9.9 Listen to the same two students deciding
F you could get some valuable experience without having to play a

which two options would be the most popular.
Which other phrases from the useful language do

particular role.
they use?
G it would enable you to improve your own writing skills as well as
checking other people’s work!
H it would help you to see the beauty of the buildings around you.
Speak up
I you’d develop your organisational skills.
J you’d learn how to look at things around you from
different viewpoints.
exam tip: collaborative task p166
Make sure you keep the conversation between you
and your partner going. Include your partner in the
discussion. Don’t just focus on your own ideas.
Suggest two different ways you might involve
your partner and encourage them to respond to
this opinion expressed in a discussion:
I think work experience is a really good idea
because you can learn more about a job and what
really happens on a daily basis.
7 Turn to page 178 and follow the instructions.
Speaking extra
8 Which of the work experience options on this
page would interest you? Is there something else
you would like to try? Explain the reasons for your
choices.
129
9 Express yourself
WRITING
The
Power up
1 What major city festivals have you heard of

Edinburgh Festival
in your country or in other countries? What
makes them special?
A REVIEW
2 How do these photos of a festival in Scotland
compare with festivals in your country? Point
out a few similarities or differences.

I was lucky enough to attend the Edinburgh International Festival
in August last year and it was the experience of a lifetime! I’m
really grateful to my parents who convinced me to go along.
Plan on
Firstly, the opening event totally blew us away. They put on an
3 Read a review of a city festival and answer the
amazing light and sound show in St Andrew Square which lit up
questions.
the whole area in lots of colours! After that, we had tickets for
1
some other events: one was a cool hip-hop group and another
When did the festival take place?
2 What acts or events did the writer see?

was a fantastic flamenco group. Overall, I was really impressed
3 How successful were these events?
by the high standard. We didn’t go to the theatre, so I can’t
comment on that.
What I really enjoyed best, though, was the Edinburgh Festival
Fringe. This is open to all performers, so as you walk down the
street, you pass jugglers, acrobats and musicians – it’s crazy!
And what was brilliant was that some local schoolchildren
designed the winning poster for the festival.
In conclusion, this is an event that
should not be missed. The weather
didn’t let us down, and with the
background of the city of Edinburgh and
the castle, what more could you want?
130
4 Look at two possible plans for a review. Which plan does
Write on
the review in Ex 3 follow?
A 7 Imagine you see this notice in an English-language
para 1: introductory information about subject magazine. What could you write about?
of review
para 2: description of event, giving details REVIEWS WANTED
para 3: evaluation of event, expressing opinion
para 4: final comments and recommendation
B
Festivals!
para 1: introductory information about subject
festival in the
We are looking for reviews of a local
of review
include where
area where you live. Your review should
para 2: description of event and evaluation could see at
the festival took place, what events people
para 3: further description of event and evaluation enjoyed. Would
the festival and what you particularly
para 4: final comments and recommendation you recommend the festival to other young
people?
5 Replace the parts of the sentences in bold with the correct The best reviews will be publi
shed
month.
in our online magazine next
form of verbs from the review.
1 My friends had all told me that I should go to the
concert.(para 1)
2 My friend told me that it wouldn’t be a waste of time – and

she was right! (para 1)
3 Everyone I heard who talked about the festival said how exam tip: reviews p170
wonderful it had been. (para 2)

Make sure you answer all the points that are mentioned in the
4 If you didn’t go to the festival this year, try to go next
task. Try to use a good variety of vocabulary (verbs, adjectives,
year. (para 4)
etc.) to make your review interesting for the reader.
5 Some people I knew were performing and they didn’t

Work in pairs and find at least three phrases and three
disappoint us. (para 4)
adjectives in the review that express approval.
explore language 9 Choose one of the plans in Ex 4 to help you plan your
review. Think about these things.

making your language more dramatic:
1 Where did you go? 4 Who was in it?
starting sentences with ‘What …’
2 When did it happen? 5 What did/didn’t you like about it?
What I enjoyed best was … (I enjoyed … best.)
What was brilliant was … (I thought that … were brilliant.) 3 What did you see? 6 Would you recommend it?
10 Write your review in 140–190 words.
6 Read the language box. Rewite the sentences to have the
same meaning but with a different beginning.

Improve it
1 I was amazed by the fireworks display.
What was .
11 Swap your review with a partner. Check for these things.
2 The street performers were the most impressive.

• Repetition: can you see the same words being repeated
several times? If so, suggest alternatives.

What impressed .
• Level: is the level of vocabulary high enough? Can you see
3 I was surprised by the number of people there.
too many simple verbs? If so, suggest higher-level verbs to
What I found . replace them.
4 The highlight of the week for me was the opening ceremony. • Interest level: is the style of writing interesting enough?
What I liked . Make any relevant suggestions to improve it.
12 Think about your partner’s comments. Make any changes to
your review that you agree with.
Only the Olympics and the World Cup sell more tickets than the Edinburgh Festivals. 131
INDEPENDENT
LEARNING
Skill review
1 Look back at what you have learnt about
reading, writing, speaking and listening skills.
Which skill do you feel most confident in?
Which skill area would you like to focus on
improving?
2 Look back at what you have learnt about the
reading texts. Look back at the reading texts
SWITCH ON
and tips again and answer these questions.
1 Which types of reading texts do you feel
most and least confident about?
2 Which tips did you find most useful?
Stage management
1 Work in pairs. What do you know about William Shakespeare?

3 How do you feel about reading texts? Write
down three ways in which you feel your

What is he famous for?
reading skills have improved.
2 Look at these plays by Shakespeare. There is a mistake in each title.
Can you correct it?
1 Romeo and Julia 2 A Midwinter Night’s Dream 3 Thirteenth Night
3 The stories of these films are based on plays by Shakespeare.

3 Work in pairs. Look back at your writing pieces
Do you know which ones?
and see how you have improved. Highlight any
The Lion King 10 Things I Hate About You West Side Story areas you feel you could still do better in.
4 Watch the clip. Answer the questions about the original Globe 4 We oﬅen need more practice in listening.
Theatre and the modern Globe Theatre. Which one: Work in pairs and write down three ways in
1 was built in the 1500s? 3 has an annual concert?

which you can improve your listening skills.
2 was damaged in a fire? 4 is famous for showing Shakespeare’s plays?

1
5 Watch again. Complete the details about Jadzia’s role at the Theatre.
1
2
She is on as a student and is working in assistant
2 . Her role includes managing the 3 and guiding 3
4 5
the audience to . Jadzia says that going into a
is a big step from primary school productions and that seeing behind the scenes
helps her 6 it more.

5 Work in pairs. Look back through the
speaking lessons and pick out the speaking

6 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions.
tips that helped you to improve the most.
1 What was the last live show you saw? What kind of show was it? How have your speaking skills improved?
2 Do you prefer watching live shows or films and TV? Why?

6 Decide on two tips you can use to improve
your speaking skills further. How and when
will you put them into practice?
Project
7 Work in small groups to write a scene for a new film based on a scene
or plot from one of Shakespeare’s plays.
1 Research your idea using books or the internet.
2 Write the script. Every member of the group must be part of the scene.
3 Read your scene to the class or act it out.
132
UNIT CHECK
Wordlist
Visual arts vivid imagination Other (film) extra (n)
animation (n) bunch (n) give an account (of sth) (phr)

Live entertainment
artwork (n) contemporary (adj) grateful (adj)
acoustics (n pl)
creation (n) don’t have a clue (phr ) have sth in common (phr)
appear (v)
design (n, v) endless (adj) imaginative (adj )

audience (n)
graffiti (n) lyrics (n pl) involve (v)

background (n)
original (adj) nervous (adj) lines (n)

box office (n)
represent (v) on the contrary (phr) mainstream ( adj)

classical (adj)
overcome (v) rehearsal (n)

Phrasal verbs interval (n)
pretend (v) representative (n)

bring together live (adj)
process (n) scene (n)

build up musician (n)
scholarship (n) scenery (n)

join in open-air (adj)
suit (v) seat (n)

start out opening night (phr)
talent-spotter (n) setting (n)

think up performance (n)
technique (n) side by side (phr)

try out play (n)
society (n)
queue (v) Extra
Collocations
stencil (n)
role (n) advisor (n)
artistic skill
the public (n)
row (n) commitment (n)
cartoon character
trial (n)
sold out (adj ) conduct (an interview) (v)
fantasy world
volunteer (v)
stage (n) conference (n)
learning experience
work experience (phr)
venue (n) cooperation (n)
pop culture
world-class (adj ) fashion designer (n)

street art
Practice 2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 I’m really hoping to win a rehearsal / scholarship for drama
1 Complete the sentences using the correct form of words school next year.
from the Live entertainment section of the wordlist. 2 Do you know the lyrics / acoustics to this song?
1 Just before the end of the , they sounded a

3 Who is your favourite cartoon character / animation ?
bell for people to return to their seats.
4 Art classes join in / bring together different people.
2 Most of their friends were in the on the
5 Organising a concert overcomes / involves a lot of hard work.
opening night and they all loved the play.
6
3
Can you build up / think up a good idea for our show?
When Cathy was standing on the , she was
so nervous she thought she’d fall down!

3 9.10 Listen to a student. Write the correct form of a
4 All the were really good, but I liked the word from the Extra section of the wordlist when you hear
guitarist best. the beep.
5 concerts are fine in hot countries but not so 1

good in the UK where it oﬅen rains!
2
6 David finds that listening to music like Bach
3
or Mozart helps him study better.
4
7 I would love to go to a concert there! It is a huge
.
5
8 I really wanted to go to the show but by the time I called
4 9.11 Listen and check your answers.
the box office it was !
133
UNIT CHECK
Review
1 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. 3 9.12 Listen to a girl leaving a voicemail message.
1 ‘I can’t find all my old comics,’ said Vicky.

Then complete the text message below with one word
in each gap.
Vicky complained .
2 ‘I’ve bought some new drawing materials,’ Ian said to us.
Ian informed .
3 ‘The show has been very popular so there may not be any
seats leﬅ,’ I said to my sister. Hey! I just got a voicemail from Emma. She
1 2
that she at the
I warned .
cinema with her friend Kate. There were loads of
4 ‘You have a lot of artistic talent,’ my teacher said to me.
young kids 3 who 4
My teacher told . being very noisy and eating popcorn. One boy
5 6
5 ‘I’m feeling a bit lazy so I’ll leave my essay until later,’ spilt his drink over
7
Evan said. new boots! She said she furious,
but that she was going to stay and watch the film
Evan admitted that .
because they 8 paid for the tickets.
6 ‘I’ll meet you here in an hour,’ mum said to the girls.
I’m sort of glad I didn’t go now!
Mum promised .
2 Complete the reported questions, commands and requests.
1 ‘Stand back from the stage,’ said the security guards to

the fans.
Arts Weekly
The security guards ordered back from
the stage.
2 ‘What date does Comic Con start exactly?’ they asked.
They asked exactly.

The first issue came out on
3 ‘Please, please, please let me go to the concert at the
Friday and within two days
weekend!’ said Molly to her parents.
it had sold out! We talked to
Molly begged her go to the concert at Jess, an animation artist and
the weekend.
writer
1 worked on
4 ‘Are you going to take hip-hop classes?’ Ben asked his friends. the magazine. Firstly, we asked her
2 she had expected it to be

Ben asked his friends take hip-hop classes.
3 4
5 ‘Don’t make a noise during the performance!’ said the
a huge success. She told
that they all thought it was a great magazine – although

teacher to the children.
they really didn’t know whether the public
5
The teacher warned make a noise during
buy it. ‘In fact, we were afraid that all our dreams were
the performance.
totally impossible!’ she said. ‘In the end, though, everyone
6 ‘I’m afraid the tickets sold out last week,’ he said.

convinced the team
6 to give up so we went
He explained that the tickets previous week. for it!’
7 ‘You will have great fun if you sing in the choir festival,’ our
So what was their secret to success with this first issue?
teacher said to us. 7 did they appeal to their readers? Jess
Our teacher convinced in the choir festival.

admitted that they
8 done a lot of research
8 ‘We’ll take some really good photos tomorrow,’ the into what young people wanted to read about – and they
photographer said to the student. mostly wanted cool stuff about music, art, different apps
and so on. ‘So that’s what we wrote about,’ she laughed.

The photographer promised take some
really good photos the following day. ‘It was that simple!’
5 Write a short blog post about what happened when you
entered a photography competition (it doesn’t have to be
true!). Include at least two examples of reported speech.
134
Tell me what
happened …
10
1 What can you learn from older people in your
family?
2 What do you know about your country’s history?
3 How does knowledge of the past help you to
understand the present and future?
Learning from the past
READING LISTENING USE OF ENGLISH SPEAKING

topic: the woolly mammoth topic: the Maya civilisation open cloze tasks: interview; long turn;
collaborative task; discussion

task: gapped text task: sentence completion key word transformation
WRITING
word formation
topic: stories, my favourite
room
task: story, email or article
135
10 Learning from the past
READING
Power up
1 Mammoths lived thousands of years ago and are now extinct. What other animals do you
know of that are either extinct or in danger of dying out?
Read on
2 Read the article about woolly mammoths quickly. Work in pairs and answer the questions.
1 How were woolly mammoths useful to the ecosystem in Siberia?
2 Why have they been in the news in recent years?
3 Read the article and choose which sentence (A–G) fits each gap (1–6). There is one
sentence you do not need.
A Why there were so many altogether in one spot remains a mystery although experts are
investigating various theories.
B The mammoth’s closest cousin is the Asian elephant, which is also under threat of
extinction.
C The additional reason why mammoths are a hot topic is that they might well make a
reappearance over the next few years.
D In other words, they were nature’s gardeners.
E One way in which they helped to do this was by keeping the ground cool.
F Their numbers continued to fall and eventually they died out completely.
G Of course, they had the right genetic make-up to cope: long hair, thick skin and blood
that didn’t freeze solid at low temperatures.
4 Look at the words in bold in the text. Match the words (1–10) with
their meanings (A–J).
1 extinct 6 replace
2 layer 7 remains
3 ground 8 combination
4 soil 9 restore
5 wilderness 10 isolated
A a large natural area of land that has never been built on
B a mixture of two or more different things
C far away from other places or people
D make a particular situation exist again
E no longer existing
F something that is leﬅ aﬅer the rest has been destroyed
G stuff that covers a surface or is between two other things
H take the place of something else that has been broken or has disappeared
I the earth in which plants grow
J the surface of the earth
Speak up
5 Work in pairs and do some research about another extinct animal and find
out some fun or interesting facts about it. Share with the class.
136 Woolly mammoths were about four metres tall and their hair could be up to one metre in length!
MAMMOTH?
WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE
T
he woolly mammoth, like the dinosaur and the dodo, is an extinct
animal. However, in contrast to the dinosaur, it only became
extinct relatively recently – that is, in relation to the history of the
world as a whole. By 10,000 years ago, the large majority of mammoths
had died out – and the great herds that used to be seen wandering over
Strangely enough, mammoths have been hitting
the news headlines in recent years, for a couple of
reasons. One was the discovery of a huge number
of mammoth bones in Volchya Griva, Siberia.
4 One thing they are fairly sure about,
the ice and snow in Siberia were no longer around. though, is that the remains date from about 25,000–
30,000 years ago.
Mammoths, it seems, loved the cold; we know this because the period
when their numbers increased was during the Ice Age, which came to 5 How can that be possible, you might
an end around 11,700 years ago. 1 They even had fur in ask? Well, scientists are currently working hard to
their ears! They also had fantastically long tusks which might well have clone a version of a mammoth using a combination of
come in useful when finding plants to eat under the snow. mammoth and elephant DNA – but of course, whether
they succeed or not is another matter. The main
When they were alive, mammoths played a major role in maintaining
argument in support of this scientific research is that
a healthy ecosystem in the area where they lived. 2
the reintroduction of mammoths could help with the
By stepping on the soft snow with their great feet, they packed it into a
problem of climate change and global warming by
solid layer which kept the cold air in and created permafrost.
protecting the permafrost. But they could also restore
Permafrost is ground beneath the soil that is constantly
the natural balance in the ecosystem of Siberia, and
frozen for a period of more than two years, as can be
maybe elsewhere.
found in areas like Siberia. If the permafrost melts,
then a dangerous amount of carbon dioxide could The final sad end of the mammoths came about
be released into the atmosphere. around 4,000 years ago when only a small group of
them were left isolated on an island in the Arctic
Furthermore, mammoths had kept the
Ocean. 6 However, the mammoth lives on
grass short and the tree population within
in our memories as one of the Earth’s great creatures.
normal limits by eating the smaller
Not only that, it also survives in the English language
ones. 3 So once they
as an adjective meaning ‘huge’ or ‘worryingly big’. It
disappeared, the whole area became
might be a ‘mammoth’ task to bring these creatures
a wilderness again, the grassland
back. But nothing is impossible, they say.
became a forest and no other animal
appeared to replace them.
137
USE OF ENGLISH 1 4 Rewrite the sentences using the words given. Use between two and
five words, including the word given.
1 Which places in history do you know of that

1 ‘Which animal will become extinct next?’ James wondered.
were destroyed by natural disasters? DIE
James wondered which animal next.
2 Read the article in Ex 3 quickly. What type

2 ‘If we don’t leave soon, we won’t have time to see the castle,’ said Tom.
of natural disaster is mentioned? What
IF
disappeared aﬅerwards?
Tom said that soon, they wouldn’t
3 Read the article again and complete the text have time to see the castle.
with one word in each gap.

3 Some periods of history aren’t as interesting as others.
LESS
Lost wonder of the world 4

Some periods of history
I wish we’d been to Naples for our school trip.

others.
Back in the nineteenth century, the pink and

GONE
white terraces on Lake Rotomahana in New

I think we to Naples for our school
Zealand were considered to
1
trip.
the eighth wonder of the world. Travellers
2
5 Visitors to the site couldn’t walk on the walls.
from all over the world often
ALLOWED
make long and dangerous sea trips to see
them. The terraces, 3 were a Visitors to the site walk on the walls.
series of shallow pools flowing down into the 6 ‘Have you booked the tickets, Jason?’ Alexandra asked.
lake, disappeared after the volcano, Mount WHETHER
Tarawera, erupted in 1886. They have never

Alexandra asked booked the tickets.
4 seen since.
Studies have been carried

5 over Speak up
the years to discover what happened to them
and find out if they just disappeared or were,

5 What do you know about volcanoes? How many famous ones can you
think of? Discuss in groups and see who can come up with the most facts
in fact, destroyed. However, two researchers
about volcanoes.
now say that is
6 the case.
According to the 7 , the terraces
are hidden under a layer of mud fifteen
metres deep at the edge of the lake. These
researchers base their claim 8
the diaries and maps of a geologist working
in the area back then. They hope to explore
the site further – and perhaps find the long-lost
terraces!
138
USE OF ENGLISH 2
1 Do you think students used to learn differently in the past?
Do you think teachers used the same techniques as they do
now?
2 Read the text about maths quickly. What two aspects of
teaching according to the ancient Romans does the writer
mention?
3 Read the text again and choose the best answer
(A, B, C or D) .
4 Read the article in Ex 5 quickly.
What is the main message of the text?
Maths 5 Read the text about graffiti again.
Use the word given in capitals at the end of
some of the lines to form a word that fits the

with the
gap in the same line.
Ancient
Graffiti problems
Romans!
What do you think of graffiti? Most
The Department of Classics at the University of Reading people agree that it can show a lot of
in the UK recently organised a series of Ancient 1 skill – if it’s done in the right ART
Roman classroom days. The purpose of this was to get
place.
2 , graffiti is appearing FORTUNATE
schoolchildren to approach the study of maths, and other
1 more in the wrong places these days, such
subjects, in a way that might them better.
3
One key 2 in the method used by the Ancient Romans
as on historical . In those BUILD
circumstances, graffiti seems to become more
was that they didn’t write sums down on paper. They
4
normally
3
their calculations on a counting frame
of an act by someone who does AGGRESSION
called an abacus. Also, their preferred classroom method not care for the beauty or value of such things.
4
was one-to-one than whole-class teaching. This A young tourist recently found himself in
meant that students could work at their own 5 .
the news when he made some marks on a
6
The professor in of the University of Reading
3,500-year-old temple in Egypt. Another
programme was very enthusiastic about the response to
tourist from the same country, who felt very
the experience. As 7 as making maths more enjoyable,
5
he found that it also increased the students’ interest in
by the young man’s actions, EMBARRASS
8 work! The students also
photographed the graffiti and put it up on
history. And it wasn’t all
tried Roman food and saw an exhibition of ancient social media. Of course, the boy’s parents
6
objects. A sort of live history lesson, you might say! apologised for their son’s and BEHAVE
said that he had learnt his lesson. However, it
7
1 A agree B fit C suit D match
was to clean all the graffi ti off POSSIBLE
the ancient stonework because they couldn’t
2 A difference B change C routine D aspect
use water.
3 A used B wrote C added D did
8
4 A apart B instead C rather D better
So, even though it might be to FASHION
leave your mark on things, remember that it
5 A leisure B speed C power D ability
might remain there for thousands of years!
6 A charge B care C responsibility D trust
7 A soon B much C far D well
8 A strict B hard C strong D tough

Speak up
6 Why is it important to learn about history? Discuss some of
the things we can learn from the study of history.
‘Rome wasn’t built in a day.’ (proverb) What do you think this means? 139
LISTENING
Power up
1 Look at the photos and discuss the
questions. If you don’t know the
answers, try to guess.
1 What animal is in the carving?
2 What does the painting show?
3 In which country is the pyramid?
4 Which civilisation created these things?
Listen up 3 10.1 You will hear a boy, Paul, telling his classmates
about his visit to a Maya exhibition. Listen and complete the
2 What should you do before listening? Tick the points that

sentences with a word or short phrase.
you agree with, then compare with a partner.
1 Focus only on the first question.

Ancient civilisation
2 Read through the instructions and all the sentences.
3 Think about what you already know about the subject. 1 Paul is surprised that the Maya civilisation started
4 Write suitable words in the gaps. about thousand years ago.
5 Think of other ways of expressing the information

2 Paul was interested to discover that the jaguar
in the sentences.
represented for the Maya.
6 Think about which words might be needed to
complete the gaps.

3 He thinks the rainforest where the Maya lived was a
environment.
7 Worry about words you don’t understand.
8 Highlight key words.

4 He uses the adjective to describe the
El Castillo pyramid.
5 He is sure that the on the pyramid
were planned to mirror the number of days in a year.
6 He is interested in the huge on the
walls of Maya palaces.
7 He is amused that the importance of someone
in Maya society was shown by how tall their
was.
8 He compares Mayan and Egyptian
because the two systems have a similar appearance.
9 He is keen to see the because he has
heard so much about it.
10 He finds it surprising that were popular
with the Maya, just as they are today.
Speak up
4 It costs a lot of money to look aﬅer old buildings from
ancient civilisations. Do you think this is a good use of
money? Why/Why not?
140 The Maya calendar predicted that the world would end on 21 December, 2012.
SPEAKING 5 Work in pairs. You are going to talk about something
together for two minutes. Imagine your school is going
to have a special day to celebrate your country’s history.
You’re going to talk about something for about two

Power up
minutes. Here are some ideas for what the school could do.
1 Discuss the questions in small groups.
1 How do you feel when you speak in English? In what ways dress up in traditional clothes perform a play
is it different from speaking in your own language?
2 What do you prefer to talk about when you are speaking

How should your school celebrate your
in English?
country’s history on its special day?
3 Where do you hear and use English outside the classroom?
invite experts watch movies create a huge

Speak up
to give talks about the past work of art
2 Work in pairs. Take it in turns to ask and answer the
questions.
6 You now have about a minute to decide which two
Student A ideas would be the best way to celebrate the day.
1
7
Where are you from?
Take it in turns to ask and answer the questions.
2 What do you usually do at the weekend?
Be prepared to say why you agree/disagree with your
3 Who are you most like in your family? In what ways? partner and give your reasons.
4 Are you going on holiday this year? Where to? 1 What special days have you had at your school? Were
Student B they fun?
1 Where are you from? 2 Do you think you would enjoy a History Day at school?
2 Tell me about a good friend of yours.

Why/Why not?
3 What nice places have you been to recently?

3 Do you think history is an important subject to study at
school? Why/Why not?

4 Where would you like to go on holiday? Why?
4 If you could meet anyone from the past, who would you
3 Work in pairs and ask each other more questions. Use these choose? Why?
topics for ideas. 5 Which period in the past is the most interesting to find out
about? Why?
family and friends free time home plans/ambitions 6 Which period in history do you think would be the best to
school/studies travel/holidays live in? Why?
4 Take it in turns to talk about your photos
on your own for one minute. Then answer a
question about your partner’s photos.
Student A: Your photos are on this page.
Student B: Your photos are on page 175.
Student A
Here are your photos. They show people
learning about the past in different ways.
Compare the photos and say why people
learn about the past in these ways.
Student B
Which of these ways would you prefer
to learn? Why?
141
WRITING Plan on
4 Read the three tasks carefully. What type of text is required for
Power up each one?
1
1
You see this announcement on an English language website for teens.
Work in pairs and answer the questions.
Write your story in 140–190 words.
1 In what ways is it harder to write in English
than in your own language? In what ways is
it easier?
Story competition
2 Is writing in English more or less enjoyable?
3 What can you do to improve how you write

Do you think you can write a really interesting story for other
in English?
teens to read? Then get writing and send us your mystery stories!
2 Read three students’ comments about writing.

Your story must begin with this sentence: Amelia and the group of
Which types of writing task do they prefer?
tourists had just reached the famous Egyptian pyramids when they
heard a loud scream.

I love reading fiction – in my
own language, and also graded Your story must include:

1 readers in English. I find writing • an animal.
stories in English quite fun,
• a surprise.
because I have lots of ideas
from the stories I’ve read. I Winners will win a book of their choice!
usually choose a story-writing
task in exams unless I know very
little vocabulary on the topic. 2 You have received an email from your English-speaking friend, Cameron.
Write a reply.
From: Cameron Subject: Advice, please!

I like writing a review when I do
an English exam. Reviews are 2
great because I can write about Hi!
things that I’m really interested

The school holidays have started! It’s great to have a break from
in, like music, films or games. If
school, but I’m worried it’s going to be a really boring summer. All
there isn’t a review task, I usually
my friends like to meet up in the evenings and stay out late, but my
choose an email, because I enjoy
parents say I’m not old enough to be out at that time.
giving people advice.
What do you think I should do? Do you have any advice?
Cameron
I’m not interested in fiction, so
3 I usually avoid writing stories.
Articles and emails are OK

3 You see this notice in an international magazine for teens. Write your
article.
because I can refer to my own
experiences. I definitely find
writing easier when I can write

s
about myself and I don’t have to
c le Write an article about your favourite room,
ti !
r d
te
use too much imagination.
A either in your home or somewhere else.
n
a
w Describe it, say what you like to do there,
3 Work in pairs. Talk about your own writing

and explain why you love it so much.
preferences. Which of the students are you
most similar to?

We will publish the two most interesting articles
in next month’s magazine.
142
5 Read the tasks again and find the key words and the points you
Write on
must include.
9 Write an answer to one of the tasks.

6 Work in pairs. For each task, discuss the answers to these questions.
Write between 140 and 190 words.
1 What is the purpose of the text? Use these words.
Improve it
advise describe entertain explain
inform persuade recommend suggest

10 When you have finished your answer, check
the list below.

2 Who will the reader be?
3 What style is suitable for the task? Should it be formal, semi-formal or

included everything that the question
informal?
asks for
7 Decide which task is right for you. Think about these questions. used a suitable style for the type of
1 Are you interested in the topic? It’s easier to write something well when text and the reader
you’re interested.
used different linking words to link
2 Do you have any personal experience that will help you? my ideas
3 Do you understand all the words in the instructions? If not, it might be checked I have used the right tenses
better to avoid that task.

used paragraphs to organise my ideas
8 Make notes for the task you have chosen. Follow these steps. included interesting vocabulary and
1 Write down any ideas you have. A spidermap like this one can be useful. expressions
written the right number of words
checked my punctuation and spelling
My favourite room
funny conversations 11 Work in pairs. Take it in turns to read each
other’s answers. Give your partner feedback.
always busy
delicious smells
game on
Write class stories.
Write a short sentence on a piece of paper.
Then pass it to your neighbour, who must add

the kitchen to the sentence, using correct grammar and
punctuation. Continue passing the sentences
around the class and adding extra information.
view of the lake
dog basket in
the corner
decorating cakes
2 Choose your best ideas.
3 Make a plan for your text. What will you
include in each paragraph?
“I like cooking my brothers my pets and my teachers.” Punctuation matters. 143

GRAMMAR FILE
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 1

REFERENCE present perfect tenses
present perfect simple

present tenses We use the present perfect simple:
present simple
• for things that happened at an unspecified time in the past.
I’ve ridden a horse a few times.

We use the present simple:
•
•
with superlatives and the phrase it’s the first time.
for habits and repeated actions.
It’s the best film I ’ve ever seen.
I go sailing every weekend.
It’s the first time I’ve tried acting.

My brother usually comes with me.
• for facts, or things that are always true.

• for actions that have finished recently.
He’s just won an award for his business.

You don’t need any expensive equipment for swimming.
Some hobbies cost a lot of money.

• for actions that happened in the past, but have a result in the
present. The focus is on the result rather than the action.

• with state verbs, e.g. like , love, think, understand, realise, hear,
I’ve lost my phone, so I can’t call him.
smell, sound.
I love surfing! I don’t understand what you’re saying.

• to introduce a topic about the past. We oﬅen use the past
simple to give more details.

• to describe what happens in a film, book or story.
I’ve finished my project! I did the final bits last weekend.
In the end, she wins and becomes the world champion.
Luckily, the police arrive and rescue him. present perfect continuous
positive
present continuous
I/We/You/They have been working.
We use the present continuous:
• for actions that are happening right now or around now. He/She/It has been
I’m doing my homework at the moment.

negative
Oh, no! It’s raining!

I/We/You/They haven’t been working.
• for situations that are changing.
He/She/It hasn’t been
Gymnastics is becoming much more popular.
More young people are getting into surfing. questions
• with always, for things that happen oﬅen or repeatedly, and Have I/we/you/they been working?
are usually annoying.

Has he/she/it
I’m always losing things! Dan is always complaining!
short answers
adverbs and adverbial phrases of frequency Yes,/No, I/we/you/they have/haven’t.
Adverbs of frequency (e.g. always, usually, oﬅen, never) go before

he/she/it has/hasn’t.
the main verb, but aﬅer the verb be. We usually use adverbs of
We use the present perfect continuous:
frequency with the present simple.
I usually get home at about 7.30.

• for actions that started in the past and are still continuing.
He’s been running his own business since he was thirteen.

We oﬅen spend the whole day at the beach.
• to emphasise that an activity has continued for a long time.

It is usually warm and sunny in June.
We’ve been waiting for ages!
The water is oﬅen quite cold.
Remember:
Adverbial phrases (e.g. every day, in summer, most weekends, at
the moment) usually go at the end of a sentence, but they can With stative verbs, we use the present perfect simple, not the
also go at the beginning for emphasis. If they go at the beginning, present perfect continuous.
they are followed by a comma. I’ve loved acting ever since I was a child.
I go running most evenings. We use for or since with the present perfect simple and present
Most people spend more time outdoors in summer . perfect continuous to say how long something has continued. We
use for + a period of time and since + a point in time.

Most days, the waves are really good for surfing.
It’s been raining for three hours!
We’ve lived in this house since I was four.
144
PRACTICE present perfect tenses
4 Write the sentences with the present perfect continuous
present tenses form of the verbs.
1
1
we / live / in this house / for ten years
Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.
1 I love / ‘m loving singing, and my dream is to become a
professional singer!
2 Rob / not feel / very well / this week
2 Singing is great for everyone because it helps / ‘s helping
people to relax. 3 how long / you / wait?
3 I practise / ‘m practising for about two hours every day.
4 I learn / ‘m learning a great new song at the moment. 4 my brother / study / at university / for two years
5 My parents don’t understand / aren’t understanding why
I spend so much time singing. 5 I / not work / very hard recently
6 In the past, it was difficult to get an audience, but the
internet makes / is making that easier now.

6 how long / it / rain?
2 Complete the opinions about BMX biking with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets.

5 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 Oh, no! The other team has just scored / just been scoring
1
I (want) to take up BMX a goal!
biking. Any suggestions?

2 How long have you written / have you been writing your
own songs?
Yes, do it! I
2
(think) BMX riding is
3 This is the first time I have ever ridden / have ever been
riding a camel!
the best hobby ever!
4 Oh, no! Someone has stolen / has been stealing my bike.

3
Bikes are expensive, but more
5 Sam is tired. He has played / has been playing tennis for
(become) available to buy second-hand now.
over three hours!
Look online.
6 I’ve always thought / ’ve always been thinking that it
would be fun to be a fashion model.

If you’re into BMX, watch the new film about it.
4
6
Some teenagers (decide) to build
Complete the article with the correct present perfect form
their own BMX track because there’s nowhere for
of these words.
them to practise. It’s a great film!
ever/make know just/win produce study teach

There’s always a new challenge with BMX.
5
I (try) to learn a new trick at the
moment. I’m determined I’ll do it!

1
The London College of Fashion young
Check out the BMX track in Winters Lane. Me people all about fashion for over 100 years, and it
6
and my friends (go) there every 2
a lot of famous designers. Ellie, eighteen,
weekend. It’s amazing!
3 4
there for two years now. ‘I
that I wanted to be a fashion designer since
3 Add the time expression to the correct place in each I was about ten, and deciding to come to
sentence. the London College of Fashion was the
5
1 We go somewhere warm for our holidays. (usually) best decision I ,’ she
2 I’m trying to write a song. (at the moment) says. ‘The course is brilliant! Doing the
3 My brother is late for school. (oﬅen)

end-of-year fashion shows is the best
4 I go to the cinema. (most weekends)

part, and I’m really pleased because
6
5 You can’t play tennis outside. (in winter)
I an award for my
6
latest collection of clothes!’
My sister is asking if she can borrow my laptop! (always)
145
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 2
REFERENCE comparative and
superlative forms
past tenses
adjectives
past simple • Comparative adjectives compare two people or things.
We use the past simple: My sister is taller than my mother.
• for finished past actions/events, or a sequence of actions.

Horse-riding is a more challenging activity than riding a bike.
I fell off my bike last week.

• Superlative adjectives compare one person or thing in a group
with others in the same group.

• for a past habit or situation.
It was the wettest day we’d had.
When I was younger, I couldn’t ride a bike.
• Aﬅer superlatives, we use in before singular nouns and of
before plural nouns.

past continuous
Wendy’s the best student in her class.
We use the past continuous:
• for actions in progress in the past and temporary past

Wendy’s the best of all the students.
situations. • Irregular adjectives include: little – less – the least and
much/many – more – the most.

My brother was living in London at that time.
• for an action which was interrupted by another action.

adverbs
We were having a picnic when it started to rain.
Adverbs follow the same general rules as adjectives.
• to describe the background for a story, action or event.

• We use more/less + adverb (+ than ) to form the comparative.
We were driving to the hotel when we got lost.

Sam runs more quickly than I do.
used to • We use the most/the least to form the superlative of most
adverbs ending in -ly.

We use used to/didn’t use to + infinitive for repeated past actions,
Kim did her project the most carefully of all her friends.
habits and states which are no longer true.
Stella used to play the violin but now she prefers the piano.
• Some short adverbs have the same comparative and
superlative form as adjectives: early , far, fast, hard, high, late,
would long, low, near, soon, well, badly.
The journey took longer than we expected.

We use would + infinitive for repeated past actions but NOT for
habits and states. Here are some irregular adverbs:
I would spend all my holidays playing outside.

adverb comparative superlative
well better the best

present perfect simple or past simple?
badly worse the worst
We use the present perfect simple for actions in the past, when
we don’t know/mention the time. When we know/mention the far farther/further the farthest/furthest
time, we use the past simple.

little less the least
My sister’s won a singing competition.

(not) much/a lot more the most
My sister won a singing competition last month.
past perfect simple ( had + past participle) other comparative structures
We use the past perfect:

• We use (not) as … as with adjectives and adverbs to compare
equal things.
• for an action, event or situation that happened before another
My mobile phone isn’t as good as hers.
one in the past.
The audience had started laughing before he finished the joke.

• We can use adverbs of degree to make comparisons of
adjectives and adverbs stronger (e.g. much, a lot, far) or weaker

• with superlative adjectives (e.g. the best, the worst), with phrases
(e.g. a bit, a little, slightly).
such as It’s/It was the first time (that) and with ever/never.
Today’s news is much more interesting than usual.
It was the best holiday I’d ever had.
• We use too and ( not) enough (+ to-infinitive) with adjectives
• with adverbs of time, e.g. just, already, yet, ever, never.
and adverbs.
We had never been whitewater raﬅing before.

It’s too cold and windy today to go out in the boat.
past simple or past perfect simple?

• We can also make comparisons between clauses and phrases.
It’s more difficult to be funny in a foreign language than it is

We use the past simple, not the past perfect, if the order of events
in your own language.
is clear or if one action happens immediately aﬅer the other.
They reached the mountain top then started to climb down again.
146
PRACTICE comparative and
superlative forms
past tenses
4 Complete the sentences with these words.
1 Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.
as less more than the worst

1 By the time we finished going round the exhibition, most of
1
the visitors leﬅ / had leﬅ the museum.
Katie was much interested in world news
2 The film had already started / already started when we aﬅer her trip abroad.
got to the cinema, so we missed the beginning.
2 The trip to the ancient city wasn’t as tiring
3 The historian gave his talk and then he had accepted / I had imagined.
accepted questions from the audience.
3 That joke was the I’ve ever heard! It just
4 They walked / were walking down the street when a mad wasn’t funny.
dog jumped / was jumping out at them.
4 We wanted the tour guide to talk quickly so
5 It was the funniest book she read / had read in ages.
that we could understand him better!
6 Nick had never been / never went skiing before. 5 The painting was older anything I’d ever
7 The teacher had just begun / just began her presentation seen before.
when there has been / was a power cut. 6 The exhibition of the writer’s diaries was
8 They would / used to live just by the station but now they best part of the visit.
live out in the country.
2 Complete the news items with the correct form of the verbs
in brackets. In B, use ‘used to’ or ‘would’ where necessary . Brian, the quietest boy
1 our class, went for a
week’s work experience last month in the office of a railway
company. All day long he heard complaints from customers:

A
2
Crazy robots! there weren’t trains on in the mornings,
3
1 there were many delays, the coffee wasn’t
A robot at a Tech Fair (talk) to some
4
2 good as it used to be ... Strangely, Brian found
children when he suddenly (lose) control
it easier to reply to these complaints
5 he did
and
3 (crash) into an exhibition stand. The
to answer questions in class. He did
6 better in
4
organisers (discover) that the exhibitor who
the job than anyone expected – people started calling just to
5 6
(control) the robot (hit) the
talk to him! What a success!
forward button by accident instead of the reverse button.
6 Rewrite the second sentence using the word given. Use

B
Toddler trouble!
1
1 I knew a few more answers in the quiz this term.
A young child of three years old (have) to go
BIT
into therapy recently to break his tablet habit! He
2 I was successful in the quiz this term.
(play) for four hours every day and
3 (start) screaming if his parents 2 I don’t know anyone funnier than my friend Owen.
4
(try) to take the tablet away from him.
THE
5
Obviously, his parents (not realise) that
Owen I know.
children so young could develop a problem like that.
3 Some items of news aren’t as interesting as others.
3 Complete the story with one word in each gap.

LESS
Some items of news others.
4
GHOSTS OR WHAT?
The waterfall looked far away, but it was nearer than
we thought.
1
Two young people, Tim and Flora, heard
AS
stories about a ghost in a gloomy old house so one day, they
The waterfall wasn’t we thought.
decided to find out if they were true.
2 week, they
3 to the house
5 Mia didn’t expect to find a job so quickly.
and while they

4 approaching the front door,
MUCH
5
they noticed that it open, so they went in. Mia found a job she expected.
Something tall and thin floated out of a room and made 6 More tourists visit the Acropolis than other sites in Greece.
6
a strange cry. Tim and Flora had heard
POPULAR
such a noise before. They ran back out of the house – and
The Acropolis is with tourists than
away from the mystery.
other sites in Greece.
147
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 3
REFERENCE phrases for talking about the future
We use certain phrases for talking about future events: be about
to, be due to, be likely/unlikely to.
future forms The talk is due to start in ten minutes. Shall we go into the
lecture theatre?
present simple
We use the present simple for timetables and scheduled events. adverbs of likelihood
The boat leaves for Crete at 10 p.m. We should be there an We oﬅen use adverbs of likelihood with future tenses: certainly,
hour earlier. definitely, probably, possibly, etc.
Jack is probably going to come with me on Saturday.

present continuous
We use the present continuous for arranged future events.
We’re flying to Spain on Friday.

so, such, too, enough
so, such (a/an)
going to We use so + adj/adv (+ that) and such (a/an) (+ adj) + noun
We use going to for future plans and intentions. (+ that):
I’m going to visit a wildlife park on Saturday. • for emphasis.
will
We had such a fantastic time on holiday!
• to give information about a cause and a result.

We use the future simple:
The farm trip was so interesting that we didn’t want to leave!
• for predictions, quick decisions, promises, offers and warnings.
Other common phrases are: so much/so many/such a lot of + noun.
You’ll have a long and happy life.
There were such a lot of people on the beach that we leﬅ
OK, I’ll plant some beans and you can pick the apples.
immediately.
We’ll be at the park by 10 a.m.

We saw so many fish in the sea while we were on holiday.
I’ll show you how to create your own webpage if you like.
You’ll get wet if you don’t take an umbrella! too , (not) … enough
• to express certainty. We use too + adj/adv (+ to-infinitive) and (not) + adj/adv + enough
(+ to-infinitive/that clause) to say why a result isn’t possible.

Helen will be at home by now – why don’t you ring her?
It’s too cold to go swimming today.
future continuous It isn’t warm enough to go swimming today.
We use the future continuous: We can also use (not) enough (+ adj) + noun (+ to-infinitive).
• for an action that will be in progress at or around a specific There was n’t enough time to see everything that we wanted to.
time in the future.

Other common phrases are: too much/too many + noun.
In two weeks’ time, I’ll be relaxing on a beach!

I think I ate too much pizza – but it was so good!
• with certain time phrases: this time next year, next week, this
There were too many stray dogs in the village.
time tomorrow, in three weeks’ time, etc.
Note the use of for.
This time next week, we’ll be cycling to the coast – amazing!
There wasn’t enough pizza for everyone to have two slices.
future time clauses
We use a present tense instead of a future tense in future time

phrasal verbs
clauses with aﬅer, as soon as , before, by the time, until, when Phrasal verbs (e.g. grow up, look aﬅer) consist of a verb and one
and while. or two particles. It’s a good idea to learn phrasal verbs in sets,
perhaps having the same particle or connected by topic. They are

As soon as we get home, I’ll start my project on endangered
most common in informal writing and speech.
animals.
Regarding word order, if the object of the phrasal verbs is a noun,
it can go aﬅer the particle OR between the verb and the particle.
chop down trees OR chop trees down

If the object is a pronoun, it can only go between the verb and the
particle.
chop them down (NOT chop down them )
148
PRACTICE so, such, too, enough
4 Match the sentence halves (1–6) with (A–F).
future forms 1 I’d never seen A because there was too
1 Complete the sentences with these words and phrases.

2 There wasn’t enough
much traffic.
3 It was so hot
B we couldn’t pick them all.
are having is going is due to will will be spending won’t 4 The penguins were too
C such an amazing sunset
before.
far away
1 Do you think our idea of cleaning up the beaches

5 There were so many
D interest in the trip so it
be popular? was cancelled.

strawberries
2 Can you hurry up? The bus that goes to the lake
6 We didn’t get to the sea
E to see them clearly.
leave in ten minutes.

F we had to stay inside in
3 We a book sale next month to raise money the aﬅernoons.
for the new wildlife centre.
4 Sam’s away on an owl-watching weekend but he

5 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap.
to tell us all about it on Monday. 1 The biggest swimming pool in the world is in Chile. It’s
5 I ever really like bugs, but I enjoy the

big that people even sail boats on it!
outdoor life. 2 The lack of rain last year meant there wasn’t
6 This time next week, we the day at Kew

water to use for the crops.
Gardens, one of the world’s greatest botanical gardens. 3 White-water raﬅing down the river was fantastic! We’d
never had fun before!
2 Choose the correct verb forms to complete the text.

4 I was surprised to see so seagulls flying
behind the ferry boat!
5
Holiday time! There was
able to relax.
much noise on the beach to be
I live in Puerto Vallarta in Mexico. This weekend

6 Some species of whale keep their mouths open most of the
1 time since they need to eat so food!

I’m going / I’m about to go on a school
trip to Banderas Bay. So this time tomorrow,

2
6 Rewrite the second sentence using the word given. Use
I’m watching / I’ll be watching the wild between two and five words, including the word given.
3
1
dolphins there! I’m sure it’ll be / it is be really
Jack cycled too fast for me to keep up.
exciting. On the Saturday morning, our Biology
4 ENOUGH
teacher gives / is giving us a talk first and
5 I couldn’t cycle keep up with Jack.
then we’ll definitely go / we definitely go out
on a boat. I’ll report back next week aﬅer we 2 I ate a lot of ice cream yesterday and I felt ill later.
6
are getting / get back from the trip! MUCH
I ate yesterday that I felt ill later.
3 I was very tired, so I didn’t finish my biology homework.
3 Complete the text with one word in each gap. TO
What will life be like?!

I was my biology homework.
4 The park was fantastic and we didn’t want to go home!
1 We had time at the park that we

Life in the future likely to be
2 didn’t want to go home!
interesting. Firstly, there be
new and exciting methods of travel. In fiﬅy 5 It’s impossible to visit all the lovely places in the world.
3
years’ , many of us will probably MANY
4
flying to work using jetpacks or
There lovely places in the world
even our own personal mini-planes! Scientists
to visit them all.
5
are also to be working on small,
6 We decided to stay at home because of the bad weather.
environmentally friendly submarines for travel
SO
underwater. As soon as they
6
The weather that we decided to
ready, I want to go in one!
stay at home.
149
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 4
REFERENCE no obligation
We use don’t have to, haven’t got to, don’t need to, needn’t +
infinitive for lack of obligation.
modal verbs 1 There’s a bus, so my parents don’t have to drive me to school.
We haven’t got to do any maths homework tonight. Hooray!

ability
You don’t need to help me. I can find the information, thanks.
We use can, can’t, could, couldn’t, be able to + infinitive for ability.
We needn’t worry about Lauren. She’ll be fine.
I can’t speak Chinese.
We weren’t able to get into the house without our keys!

advice
Will you be able to come and visit us next summer?
We use should/shouldn’t, ought (not) to, had better (not) +
We use was able to rather than could for ability for a single event infinitive to give advice.
in the past. In the negative, we can use couldn’t for single events.
I think you should train harder.
In the competition, I was able to defeat all my opponents.

They ought to eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.
I couldn’t liﬅ that stone – it was too heavy!

You’d better go now – Stella is waiting for you.
We can use be able to aﬅer another modal.

We can also use should to ask for advice.
I might be able to see you on Wednesday.

Should I buy the tickets now, do you think?
permission
regrets about the past
We use may, can , be allowed to, be permitted to + infinitive for
We use shouldn’t have + past participle for regrets about the past.
permission.
I shouldn’t have shouted at him. That was a big mistake.
You can ask questions at the end of the talk.
Students are permitted to use mobile phones at break times. requests
I’m allowed to have a party for my birthday. We use will, would + infinitive for requests.
We use could or was/were allowed/permitted to for general Please will you put that box in the cupboard for me?
permission in the past. For permission on a particular occasion in

Would you help me for a minute, please?
the past, we have to use was/were allowed/permitted to.
Would is more polite than will.
When I was younger, I could play with my friends every night.
They were allowed to go to the concert last night.

modal verbs 2
May and be permitted to are more formal than can and be
allowed to.
certainty
We use must or can’t when we make a guess about a situation

prohibition
which we are almost sure is correct.
We use mustn’t, may not, can’t, not be allowed to, not be
Everyone looked shocked: There must be a mistake.
permitted to + infinitive for permission.
I don’t believe it! They can’t expect us to do that, surely?
You mustn’t shout in the classroom.
Boys can’t run in the girls’ race.

possibility
No, you may not have another biscuit.
We use may (not)/might (not)/could to express possibility in the
I’m not allowed to invite more than thirty people to my party. present or future.
For prohibition in the past, either in general or on particular Ben isn’t here – he may still have a problem with his knee.
occasions, we use couldn’t or wasn’t/weren’t allowed/permitted to.

The competition is tough – they might not qualify for the final.
James couldn’t ride his bike in the park last night.

I think she could be a success if she really tried hard.
We weren’t permitted to wear earrings at primary school.
generalisations
obligation
We use could to make general statements about the past.
We use must, have to, have got to, need to + infinitive for
When I was younger, it could take me ages to decide what I
obligation.
wanted for my birthday!
You must remember to take your football kit to school.

Note: we cannot use couldn’t in this context.
Why do you have to go home so early?
I’ve got to do my homework now. expectations
We can use have to and need to in past or future forms. We use should/shouldn’t for expectations.
I had to catch the 7 o’clock bus yesterday. I’m looking forward to the quiz night. It should be fantastic!
She will need to work very hard next year. You’re running one mile? That shouldn’t be too difficult.
150
PRACTICE modal verbs 2
4 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.
modal verbs 1 1 Lyn isn’t here; perhaps she’s at the dentist’s. (may)
1 Choose two of the sentences, A, B or C, that have the

Lyn isn’t here; at the dentist’s.
same meaning. 2 They’ve trained hard, so I’m sure they can play much better
1 A Can I sit here? 5 A I wasn’t able to sleep.

now. (must)
B May I sit here? B I didn’t have to sleep. Aﬅer all that training they to play
C Would I sit here? C I couldn’t sleep. much better now.
2 A He should do it. 6 A We could stop. 3 Everyone’s going to the party, so I expect it will be fun.
B He must do it. B We’d better stop. (should)
C He needs to do it. C We ought to stop. Everyone’s going to the party, so fun.
3 A Will you help? 7 A I didn’t need to leave. 4 Do you think that woman is a new teacher? (could)
B Would you help? B I shouldn’t have leﬅ.

a new teacher?
C Are you able to help? C I regret that I leﬅ.
5 He’s given up running – but I’m sure that isn’t the right
4 A You’re not permitted 8 A We haven’t got to go.
decision. (be)
to run. B We mustn’t go.
B You needn’t run. C We don’t have to go.

He’s given up running – but that the
C You can’t run.

right decision.
6 It’s possible that Alex won’t come to the concert. (might)
2 Choose the correct verbs to complete the sentences.

Alex to the concert.
Ella: Please
1may / would I go to Fay’s house later?
Mum: No, sorry, you

2 can’t / had better visit Fay tonight. You
5 Read the advert and choose the correct answer, A, B or C.
3need to / would tidy your room. It’s disgusting!
Ella: I know. I
4 had better / should have done it at the How about joining the
g
lin
dents
weekend, but I
5
had got / had to do my history project. Cal
I
6
needn’t / couldn’t do anything else.
all stu Debating
rs
7 ea
Mum: You must / ought not to leave big projects to the in Y
!
8 –11
last minute. You will be allowed / need to be more
10 Society?
organised if you want to get good grades.
Ella: I’ll try to be more organised, Mum, I promise. Hey, I’ve

You have to be fourteen or older to join, but we
1
got a great idea! Fay’s really organised. Why don’t I go
change the rules in future to include younger students.
to her house to ask her for some advice?
We usually discuss a topic in teams of two or three.

3 Rewrite the sentences replacing the words/phrases in
Then other speakers give their opinions and finally,
bold with these words/phrases. Make any other necessary 2
we take a vote. It be quite challenging for new
changes.
speakers, but it’s also exciting.
3
able had better may must mustn’t You think that it’s your ‘thing’, but why not have a
needn’t shouldn’t have will

4
go? It can help you be more confident and you be
just the person we need! Even better, you

5 enjoy it!
1 You ought to book the concert tickets soon.

Next week’s topic is:
2
80 percent of teenagers are
Can I eat the last slice of pie?
6
addicted to social media . That be right!
3 I regret telling her the truth.
7
4 Would you give this note to Mrs Strong, please?
Come and join us, it be interesting!
5 You’re not allowed to share this secret with anyone.
6 She doesn’t have to be there until 8 o’clock. 1 A should B may C must
7 We can’t run as fast as you. 2 A might B should C must
8 I’ve got to have a rest. 3 A shouldn’t B can’t C may not
4 A could B can C should
5 A can B must C might
6 A mustn’t B can’t C shouldn’t
7 A should B must C can’t
151
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 5
REFERENCE reduced relative clauses

We can sometimes use a reduced relative clause instead of a full
relative clause. We form a reduced relative clause with the present

defining relative clauses or past participle of the verb. The form is the same for all persons.
We use a defining relative clause to specify which person, thing,

If the verb in the full relative clause is in the active, we use the
animal, place or time we mean. We use:
present participle in the reduced relative clause.
• who for people.

People who live in this area all support the new college.
The teacher who teaches this course is very experienced.

→ People living in this area all support the new college.
• which for things or animals.

Anyone who experiences problems should talk to the head
The homework which he gave us last week was too difficult. teacher.
• where for places. → Anyone experiencing problems should talk to the head teacher.
The classroom where we have lessons is on the first floor. We can only use a reduced relative clause if the relative pronoun
• when for times.

is the subject, NOT the object of the verb in the relative clause.
Compare:
I’ll never forget the day when I got my exam results.
The people who are organising the concert are very excited.
• whose for possession.
(people = the subject; we can use a reduced relative clause)
The students whose trip was cancelled were very
→ The people organising the concert are all very excited.
disappointed.
The people who they are inviting to the concert all live locally.
We can use that instead of who or which.
(people = the object; we can’t use a reduced relative clause)

Students who /that pass the exam can move up to the next class.
If the verb in the full relative clause is in the passive, we use the
The book which/that he lent me was really interesting.
past participle in the reduced relative clause.
We can leave out who, which and that when they are the object
The books that are used by the students all belong to the school.
of the verb. We can’t leave them out when they are the subject of
the verb. We can’t leave out where, when or whose. → The books used by the students all belong to the school.
The students (who/that) she teaches all enjoy her lessons. The students who were invited to take part in the scheme all
benefited from it.

(students = the object of the verb; we can leave out the relative
pronoun) → The students invited to take part in the scheme all benefited
from it.
The teacher who/that takes us for biology is amazing!
(teacher = the subject of the verb; we can’t leave out the relative
pronoun)
non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses add extra information about a
person, thing, animal, place or time. We use commas to separate
the non-defining relative clause from the main clause.
In non-defining relative clauses, we use who for people and which
for things and animals. We can’t use that.
The new timetable, which was introduced last year, is more
flexible.
Carla, who is a student at the school, welcomes the changes to
the timetable.
We can’t omit the relative pronoun in non-defining relative
clauses.
152
PRACTICE reduced relative clauses
defining and non-defining 1 The school wants to increase the number of students
studying / who studying / studied languages.

relative clauses
2 The food which served / served / serving in the school
1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. Are cafeteria isn’t always healthy.
the relative clauses defining (D) or non-defining (ND)?

3 Students who are giving / giving / given more homework
1 Games that / who develop students’ concentration can don’t necessarily get better grades.
help improve grades. 4 The subjects that taught / that are teaching / taught in
2 Go to the music room, which / where is next to the hall. schools should be relevant to the students.
3 Aﬅernoons are oﬅen a time where / when students 5 You need to prepare for the exams taking / that taken /
struggle to concentrate. that you’re taking next term.
4 Students who / whose ideas are respected will be keener 6 The number of schools teaching / taught / that are taught
to share them in class. computer programming has increased.
5 The library, where / which students can go to read quietly,
is on the first floor.

5 Tick the four sentences that can be rewritten using reduced
relative clauses. Then rewrite these four sentences using
6 Mrs Low, who / that teaches maths, is a great teacher. reduced relative clauses.
2 Join the sentences using defining or non-defining relative

1 Students who are taught how to cook at school are more
likely to eat healthily.

clauses. More than one relative pronoun may be possible.
Can any relative pronouns be omitted? 2 I passed all the exams which I had revised for.
1 Last summer I had a sailing lesson. I was on holiday then. 3 There were a lot of students who were having problems
2 I met the clothes designer. Her designs won the award.

with their homework.
3 My brother is really into science. He is eighteen.

4 The teachers who are employed by the school all enjoy
working there.
4 I told her about the video game. I got it for my birthday.
5 I went back to visit the primary school that I had attended.
5 Mr Samson is the teacher. He teaches me French.
6 Students who want to join the school trip should add their
6 In Germany children don’t start school until they are seven.
name to the list.
I grew up there.
6 Complete the article with the correct participle form of

3 Complete the article with relative clauses. Use the
these verbs.
information below to form each missing relative clause.
achieve ask behave notice offer spend
Develop your creative skills!
Relaxing
1
A lot of the jobs that people do today require creative
thinking skills. Being able to learn information by heart,

2
, will not be enough to get an interesting
your way to
3
job in the future. Young people, , should
focus on developing their creative thinking skills too.

4
success
Reading is a great place to start, as people
are more likely to come up with great ideas. Drama and art
activities are also helpful – in fact, anything that gets you

5
thinking. The summer holidays is a time .
1
The number of schools yoga to students is
So, what are you waiting for? Check out your
increasing, and some schools believe the results are very
local museums, art galleries and arts centres,
6 encouraging. In a study in one London school, students
, and get creative this summer!
2
at least an hour a week doing yoga said
they definitely felt calmer and able to concentrate better.
1 People do these jobs today. Teachers

3
to comment on the benefits
2 This is a useful skill for getting through exams. of the classes reported that there seemed to be fewer
4
3 Their brains are still growing.
students badly in classes. And the benefits
5
4
by teachers are not just in behaviour. The
They have a well-developed imagination.
6
average grades by students also improved
5 Lots of creative activities are organised then.
after the yoga classes were introduced.
6 You can find details of courses and activities there.
153
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 6
REFERENCE either, neither, either … or, neither … nor

We use either and neither to talk about two alternatives.
infinitives and - ing forms We use either … or to talk about two positive alternatives, and
neither … nor to talk about two negative alternatives. Notice that
to -infinitive
we use neither with a positive verb, not a negative one.
We can either take the liﬅ or walk up the stairs. (= both are
We use the to-infinitive:
possible)
• aﬅer certain verbs, e.g. agree, appear, decide, expect, hope,

Neither scientists nor the public believe that cloning people is
intend, manage, mean, promise, refuse, want, would like/love/
a good idea. (= scientists don’t and the public don’t)
prefer.
We use either on its own to mean ‘one or the other’, and neither
We managed to get some good photos of the gorillas.
on its own to mean ‘not one or the other’.
I’m hoping to go to Africa next year.

You can choose to study either project. (= both are possible)
• aﬅer certain verbs + object, e.g. ask, encourage, expect, want.

They thought that neither project would be successful.
He encouraged us to accept the young animal as a giﬅ. (= not one and not the other)
No one expected the animals to survive. Not + either means the same as neither:
• aﬅer where, what, when, how and who. They thought that neither project should receive funding.
I don’t know what to do. They didn’t think that either project should receive funding.
each, all, none, every

He showed us where to find the animals.
infinitive without to We use all (of) the + plural noun or uncountable noun to talk
about more than two people or things.

We use the infinitive without to aﬅer certain verbs + object,
e.g. help, let, make. All the/All of the cloned animals have experienced health
problems.
Seeing the animals playing in the water made us smile.
Thank you for all the/all of the work you have done.
The trip helped me recover from my illness.
We can also use all (but not all of) without the, to talk about
- ing form people or things in general.
We use the -ing form: All animals deserve our protection.
• aﬅer certain verbs, e.g. avoid, deny, enjoy, imagine, involve, We use none of + plural noun or uncountable noun to mean ‘not
suggest. any’. We can use a singular or plural verb aﬅer it.
I really enjoy looking aﬅer animals. None of the projects was/were successful.
It was raining, so I suggested going home. None of the information was correct.
• aﬅer prepositions. We use each and every + singular noun to talk about all the
people and things in a group.

Scientists think they can save the animals by breeding them
in captivity. Each scientist has their own budget.
Are you interested in having an exotic pet? Every project is important in helping us develop our
understanding.
Tom insisted on staying at home.
We also use each of the + plural noun with the same meaning.
Notice that we still use a singular verb. We cannot use every in

this way.
( a) little, (a) few Each of the experiments is carefully monitored. (NOT every of
the experiments )
We use little and a little with uncountable nouns, and we use few
We can also use each (but not every) to mean ‘both’.
and a few with countable nouns.
They are two different species, and each one has its own
Little and a little refer to a small amount of something, and few
characteristics. (NOT every one)
and a few refer to a small number of things.
A little and a few have a positive meaning, and little and few have
a negative meaning.
We have a little food. Would you like some? (= positive: some, a
small amount)
The climate is harsh, and there is little food. (= negative: not very
much/not enough)
We had a few visitors last year (= positive: a small number)
The hotel has few guests. (= negative: not many/not enough)
154
PRACTICE 6 They produced two cloned animals, but either / neither
one lived for very long.
7
-ing forms
Every / All of the new discovery takes us one step closer to
infinitives and a cure for the disease.
8 Solar energy doesn’t cause any pollution, and wind power

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs
doesn’t either / neither.
in brackets.
1 Most of us wouldn’t know how (get) home

4 Complete the sentences with these words and phrases.
if we were lost.
2 Many animals appear (have) a very good

all of the each of either every neither none of
sense of direction.
1 whales nor dolphins can survive for long
3 They seem to avoid (go) the wrong way,
outside water.
even though they have no maps or sat nav.
2 Scientists are making new discoveries about the power of
4 Some birds may use the Earth’s magnetic field to help
the human brain day.
them (fly) long distances.
3 There are two project teams, and them has
5 The journeys of some birds involve (travel)
its own budget.
over huge mountain ranges.
4 He’s invented a lot of things, but them have
6 Bees manage (find) their way back to the
been very successful.
hive from many miles away.
5 Dr Samson doesn’t believe people will ever live on Mars,
7 Scientists are interested in (learn) more
and I don’t .
about these abilities.
6 people involved in the project were
8 Knowing more about animals’ abilities makes them
disappointed when it ended.
(seem) even more amazing!
5 Complete the fact file with one word in each gap.

2 Complete the text with the correct form of these verbs.
be catch escape fly have run see stay Amazing animal

superpowers
Beady eyes 1
The opossum produces a special chemical in its body
Can you imagine able to see all around you at that protects it from snake bites. Amazingly, the
the same time? A lot of spiders can do this because they have chemical works for
1 types of snakes, even
2
eight eyes. This allows them danger coming ones from countries where opossums don’t live!
3
easily, so they know when away! They are also
4 2
very good hunters – they certainly know how To protect our skin, we have to use
food. Many spiders build webs which are almost invisible, so suncream or stay out of the sun. But hippos produce a
5 liquid which comes out of their own skin, to stop them
flies can’t avoid into them. And once a spider
6 from burning.
has a fly in its web, it almost never lets it !
Trapdoor spiders build a hole in the ground, with a cover,
which helps them

7 hidden until their prey is
Most snakes can only move along the ground, but a
3
have developed the ability to jump from
close by. Raﬅ spiders, which live near water, are known for
8 tree to tree, seeming to fly through the air!
the ability to walk on water so they can hunt
small insects easily.

The bombardier beetle keeps stores of two separate
chemicals on its body.

4 chemical is
harmful on its own, but when they are mixed together a

quantifiers and pronouns reaction causes them to heat up and create a powerful

chemical weapon.
1 A few / A little scientists are working on trying to bring Many birds can fly long distances with very
5 rest. Some small birds such as swiﬅs can
extinct species back to life.
2 All / All of scientists agree that we need cleaner energy.

fly for 200 days without stopping.
3 I tried three methods, but neither / none of them worked.

There are many very strong
4 Each of the / Every scientists received an award. animals, but

6
5 The project has not gone well, and there is now a little /
of them are as strong as an
elephant, which can liﬅ almost

little chance that it will succeed.
300 kilos with its trunk.
155
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 7
REFERENCE wishes, preferences and regrets
I wish/If only
conditionals (0–3) We use:
zero conditional
• I wish/If only + past simple or past continuous for a wish about
a present or future situation.

We use the zero conditional (if /when + present simple + present
If only it wasn’t raining! Now the trip to the sea will be
simple) for general truths or for the result of a situation or action.
cancelled.
If you travel abroad, you normally need to have a passport.
• I wish/If only + could for a wish about a present or future
In all conditional sentences, we put a comma when the if clause
ability.
comes at the beginning of the sentence. There is no comma when
If only I could understand Italian better!
the if clause comes second.
People like it if you speak their language.

• I wish/If only + would/wouldn’t to complain about a present
situation.
I wish those kids wouldn’t scream so loudly.

first conditional
We use the first conditional (if/unless + present simple + will/ • I wish/If only + past perfect for a wish or regret about the past.
won’t/might ) for a future possibility. I wish I’d packed my trainers. These flip-flops are not much
If you decide to go to the islands, you won’t regret it. good for walking.
If they have a caravan holiday, I think they’ll really enjoy it.

I’d rather
If George doesn’t go on the trip, he might visit some friends
instead.
• We use I’d rather + (not) + infinitive without to … (than) for
present and future preferences.

Unless means ‘if not’.
I’d rather have a small bedroom on my own than a large one
Unless I save up some money, I won’t be able to buy a new
that I have to share with my sister!
mobile phone.
• When we use I’d rather not (do sth), we do not use than
We can also use if + present continuous/present simple +
aﬅerwards.
imperative for giving instructions or advice.
I’d rather not travel late at night or very early in the morning.
If you want to get a good seat, don’t be late!
second conditional
We use the second conditional (if + past simple + would/could/
might) for hypothetical situations in the present or future.
If we lived by the sea, I’d go swimming every day.
If we had a house in the mountains, we couId go there at the
weekends.
If you really wanted to learn Japanese, I might come along too.
We can also use the phrase If I were you, I’d … to make suggestions
and give advice.
If I were you, I’d book your tickets soon.
third conditional
We use the third conditional (if + past perfect + would have + past
participle) for hypothetical situations in the past or for regrets
about the past.
If the campsite had been by the sea, we would have gone there.
We can also use could have/might have + past participle to
express past possibility or regrets about past ability.
I could have been fluent in Spanish by now if I’d spent more time
with my relatives in Spain.
156
PRACTICE wishes, preferences and regrets
3 Match the sentence halves (1–6) with (A–F).
conditionals (0–3) 1 I wish we A the mountain another day.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of these

2 I’d rather not B spend more time with us.
verbs. 3 I wish Jo wouldn’t C lost the tickets.
4 I’d rather we climbed D travel too far today.
be buy get keep learn not forget not lose not pack
5 If only James hadn’t E were still on holiday.
not take pay
6 I wish Oliver could F talk so much.
1 If Ashley more attention in her French

4 Choose the correct answer, A or B.
lessons, she a lot more French.
1 she’d be more careful.
2 If I my passport in a safe place when I was
on holiday, I it.
A I wish B I’d rather
3 We to the hotel earlier if we

2 they didn’t say anything.
the wrong road. A If only B I’d rather
4 Mum and dad that lovely house if it 3 we hadn’t lost our tickets.
cheaper.
A If only B I’d rather
5 If I my things so quickly, I my
4 I could speak Chinese.
A B
toothbrush!
I wish I’d rather
2 Rewrite the second sentence using the word given. Use 5 not stay in a lighthouse.
between two and five words, including the word given. A I wish B I’d rather
1 The weather wasn’t good, so they couldn’t go for a picnic.

5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the
COULD
verbs in brackets.
If the weather had been good, they for
a picnic.
Where have you been recently? I haven’t seen
2 Why don’t you paint the room white and make it look bigger?
you around.
IF
The room would look bigger it white. Oh, didn’t you know? I’ve been to Bologna to
3 Mike got sunburnt because he didn’t wear his cap.

stay with my pen-friend.
WORN
Cool – but I think I’d rather
1 (go)
Mike wouldn’t have got sunburnt if
to Venice or Rome.
his cap.
4 The tourists wanted to visit the art gallery, but they didn’t
Hah. If only you
2 (can) see Bologna!
have enough time.
It’s a fantastic city AND a foodie capital too.
MIGHT
If the tourists had had more time, they Really?
the art gallery.
5 If you don’t make all the arrangements, I won’t come on Yes, we went to a place called Eataly World
the trip. where you can learn about Italian cooking. I wish
we
3 (have) more time there
UNLESS
because I would have taken a class.
I won’t come on the trip all the
arrangements. 4
OK, well, if only I (know) some
6 We missed the train because you spent half an hour
Italian, I’d go there tomorrow! What’s your
having breakfast!
Italian like?
HAVE
Not bad – but I wish the Italians

5
If you hadn’t spent half an hour having breakfast, we
the train! (not speak) so fast! I couldn’t understand a word.
157
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 8
REFERENCE have/get something done

We use have + object + past participle when we don’t do
something ourselves, but arrange for someone else to do it for us.

the passive All tenses are possible:
In active sentences, the subject is the person or thing that does

I need to have my hair cut.
the action of the verb. In passive sentences, the object of the
I had my eyes tested last week.
active verb becomes the subject:
We’re going to have the house painted.

A retired teacher bought the house. (active sentence)
We can use get + object + past participle in the same way, in
The house was bought by a retired teacher. (passive sentence) informal English, but we don’t usually use get in the present
perfect tense.
tense passive form and example I need to get my phone repaired.
present am/is/are + past participle But:
simple She’s had her ears pierced. (NOT She’s got her ears pierced.)
He is expected to win.
We can also use have something done but NOT get something
present am/is/are being + past participle
done when something bad or unpleasant happens to us.
continuous
I think we are being watched.
I had my bag stolen yesterday.
past simple was/were + past participle
The money was stolen last night.
past was/were being + past participle
continuous
My phone was being repaired.
present has/have been + past participle
perfect
The thieves have been arrested.
past perfect had been + past participle
The tickets had already been paid for.
be going to am/is/ are going to be + past participle
The votes are going to be counted.
will will/won’t be + past participle
Robots will be used more in the future.
We use the passive when:
• we want to focus on the action, not the person who does the
action.
A new school will be built next year.
• we don’t know who does the action, or we prefer not to say.
My car has been stolen.
The show is watched all over the world.
We oﬅen use the passive in formal reports.
It was found that playing video games improved certain skills.
We can use by with passive verbs to say who or what does the
action of the verb.
He was arrested by an off-duty police officer.
The show is watched by millions of people.
In informal English, we can use forms of get instead of be in some
passive sentences.
She was worried she would get caught if she cheated.
158
PRACTICE have/get something done
the passive 1 The windows are dirty. We need to have them clean / get
1
them cleaned.
Complete the passive sentences with one word in each gap.
2 I’m having tested my eyes / having my eyes tested
1 Maths been taught in schools for thousands
tomorrow.
of years.
3 You can collect the items from the store, or you can have
2 Calculators used in schools until the 1960s.
them deliver / get them delivered to your home.
3 Before that time, all sums had done by hand.

4 I can’t cycle to school. I had / got my bike stolen last week!
4 In the 1990s, computers were gradually

5 Your hair looks nice. Have you got cut / had it cut?
introduced into schools for the first time.
6 My laptop has slowed right down. I need to check it / get it
5 Now computers being used in classrooms
checked at the store.
around the world.
6 Even more powerful computers will 5 Rewrite the sentences using ‘have something done’. In
which sentences can you NOT use ‘get something done’?

developed in the future.
1
2
I decided to ask someone to check my spelling before
Rewrite the sentences in the passive. Use ‘by’ where
I handed my essay in.
necessary. Use ‘get’ for sentence 3.
I decided to before I handed my essay in.
1 They are going to buy some new computers for our school.
2 They asked someone to make a film of their wedding.
Some new computers for our school.
They of their wedding.
2 A lot of people now use electronic fitness trackers.
3 Someone broke some windows at the school last night.
Electronic fitness trackers a lot of people now.
The school last night.
3 Maybe one day they will connect our brains to the internet.
4 You should ask a vet to examine your pet if you’re worried.
Maybe one day our brains to the internet.
You should by a vet if you’re worried.
4 They have produced a new version of the video game.
5 A professional make-up artist will do your make-up for you.
A new version of the video game .
You will by a professional make-up artist.
5 A lot of people watched that science documentary.
6 Someone stole his passport while he was on holiday.
That science documentary a lot of people.
He while he was on holiday.
6 I was upset because someone had stolen my phone.
I was upset because my phone .
7 They are teaching computer programming in schools now.
Computer programming in schools now.
8 The science museum was closed because they were
repainting it.
The science museum was closed because it .
3 Choose the correct verb forms in the comments.
What’s the most intelligent animal?
I’d go for pigs. They

1have taught / have been taught to play
2
video games in laboratories, and sometimes they have beaten /
have been beaten humans!
3
Definitely chimpanzees. They recognise / are recognised by many
scientists as the most intelligent animals. They live in large groups,
and use tools that they

4have made / have been made.
We all know that rats are highly intelligent. I’m sure more about
their abilities
5will discover / will be discovered, and we
6will feel /
will be felt even more amazed.
7
It’s dolphins, of course. Little know / was known about these
creatures in the past, but now we understand how they live and
8
communicate with each other. I just hope they are going to save /
are going to be saved from extinction!
159
GRAMMAR FILE UNIT 9
REFERENCE reporting verbs
Other common reporting verbs that follow the same pattern as
say (+ that) include: add, admit, believe, complain, explain, insist,
reported speech know, mention, realise, think.
When we report what people said in the past, the verb normally Sue insisted that she felt well enough to go on the school trip.
goes back one tense. Pronouns, time and place words may also
Other common reporting verbs that follow the same pattern
change. Common reporting verbs are say (that) or tell sb (that).
as tell (someone + that/to + infinitive) include: advise, convince,
promise, inform , warn.

tense changes
The teacher informed the students that they would have an
extra day’s holiday the following week.

direct speech reported speech
Note: Sometimes an object pronoun is needed in the reported

present simple past simple
sentence.
present continuous past continuous
‘Please have your passports ready’, he said. →
past simple past perfect simple

He told them to have their passports ready.
present perfect simple past perfect simple
am/is/are going to was/ were going to

reporting questions, orders and
will would
requests
can could
may might questions
must/ have to had to We use ask + if/whether to report yes/no questions.
‘Was it difficult to find tickets for the festival?’ the teacher

should/could/might/ought to/ no change
asked Max. →
would
‘I ’m going on holiday tomorrow,’ Eva said. → The teacher asked Max if/whether it had been difficult to find
tickets for the festival.

Eva said she was going on holiday the next day.
‘I ’ve been to Paris once,’ he said. → We use ask + wh- word to report wh- questions.
He said he had been to Paris once. ‘How do you feel about performing in public?’ the trip leader
asked Alice. →
‘You should stay here a bit longer, but I must go today,’ she said. →
The trip leader asked Alice how she felt about performing in
She said that I should stay here a bit longer, but she had to go
public.
that day.
When the reporting verb is in the present, we do not change

Note the word order for reported questions.
the tense.
‘What time are you leaving?’ he asked us. →
Lewis says he’s bored.
He asked us what time we were leaving.
We can use say when referring to signs, notices or what is written
in an article, book, etc.

orders and requests
The notice says ‘No ball games in the pool’.
For orders and requests, we follow this pattern:
We can use to aﬅer say (he said to me), but not aﬅer tell (he told me).
verb (e.g. tell/ask) + person (or object pronoun, e.g. me, you, her) +
Dad said to me that he was going out. (not) + to-infinitive
Dad told me that he was going out. ‘Please cover all the furniture with old sheets,’ the painter told
the family.
other changes
The painter asked the family to cover all the furniture with old
sheets.
direct speech reported speech
Other verbs for reporting orders and requests include: beg, order,
now then
persuade, remind, warn.
today, tonight that day, that night

‘Don’t forget to revise for the test!’ my friends told me.
tomorrow the next/following day, the day aﬅer

My friends reminded me to revise for the test.
yesterday the previous day, the day before
next week/month/year the following week/month/year
last week/month/year the previous week/month/year
here there
this that
I, we he/she, they
160
PRACTICE 3 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Make all other
changes necessary.
1 ‘I won’t get paint all over the kitchen floor,’ said Felix.
reported speech Felix promised that .
1 Read what each person says then complete the sentences

2 ‘I can’t understand what these abstract paintings mean,’
Jake said.
in reported speech with one or two words.
Jake admitted that .
1 I hate TV reality shows! We shouldn’t

3 ‘I don’t have time to come out at the weekend,’ Scott said.
waste our time watching them!
Scott complained that .
2 I’m starting to get interested

4 ‘You ought not to miss the festival,’ Helen said to her
friends.
in traditional dances.
Helen advised .
3 My uncle was a rich and quite famous film star in 5 ‘The band are playing here again next week,’ Matt told us.
his lifetime and never had any financial problems.

Matt informed us that .
6 ‘I must finish my project on the history of art tonight,’

4 There haven’t been many good
Olivia explained.
live shows on recently.
Olivia explained that .
5 If you want to be really good at painting,

4 Complete the reported questions with these words. There
you’ll have to put in a lot of hard work.
is one extra word you do not need.
1 Emily said that she TV reality shows and

how if/whether what when where why
that we waste our time watching them.
2 Philip told us that he to get interested in

1 I asked her she thought her book had been
traditional dances.
such a success.
3 Louisa said her uncle a rich and quite

2 They asked the organiser the exhibition was
famous film star in his lifetime, and any
going to end.
financial problems.
3 They asked me I had any filming experience.
4 Simon said that there many good live shows
on recently.
4 The teacher asked me I was going to stay
during the festival.

5 Maria told me that if I to be really good at
painting, I have to put in a lot of hard work.

5 My friend asked me much the lessons cost.
2 Read the conversation. Then write the people’s exact words

5 Complete the blog post with one word in each gap.
in direct speech.
Zoe:
Billy:
So what did Stella say about her birthday?
She said she was going to take us all out to the cinema,
Life as an extra
and aﬅerwards for a curry.
Zoe: And who’s coming?

Today, I finally made a decision. My mother had asked
Billy: Well, she said she’d invited the usual crowd plus a 1
me I would like to be a film extra since
couple of her friends from her art school.
she was one and we could appear in the same films.
Zoe: Do you know what she wants for her birthday?
I asked her
2 I’d have to do and it didn’t
Billy: Stella told me that we shouldn’t get anything too
sound too difficult so I agreed. So, the day arrived. They
expensive – ha ha! – so what do you think?
3
told us to have our mobiles with us
Zoe: My mum said that she would show us an interesting
during filming – of course – and they also warned us
new shop that sells fun arty things. I’m sure we’ll find
that we shouldn’t take any photos of the filming. Other
something there.
than that, everything was quite easy, although it was

Billy: OK, cool.
a tiring day. When a friend asked me
4
Stella: the day had gone, I replied that it had been great.
‘I’m .’ 5
Then she reminded to send her some
‘I’ve .’ information about a project we were doing, so I forgot
‘You .’ all about the film world and got back to reality.
Zoe’s mum:
‘I .’
161
EXTEND VOCABULARY
identical verbs and nouns irrelevant

Unit 1
access unable
adjectives ending in -able or -ible address unafraid
acceptable
decrease unaware
available
desert unbelievable
irresponsible
export uncertain
reliable
invite unclear
unacceptable
object uncomfortable
unavailable
perfect unfit
uncomfortable
protest unhappy
unfashionable
record unhealthy
unreliable
refuse unlucky
unsuitable
reserve unnatural
valuable
unpopular
compound nouns Unit 4 unsure
shirt collar
adjectives + prepositions
shirt button
afraid of
Unit 5
shoe lace
angry about phrasal verbs
shoulder strap
angry with finish (something) off
trouser leg
ashamed of get ahead with (something)
waist band
aware of go over (something)
wrist band
crazy about go through (something)
delighted about/with look into (something)

Unit 2
disappointed at/with read through (something)
strong adjectives excited about

collocations
deadly
famous for formal qualifications (adj + n)
delighted
frightened of special qualifications (adj + n)
enormous
interested in teaching qualifications (adj + n)
essential
pleased with full-time education (adj + n)
exhausted
polite to part-time education (adj + n)
fascinating
proud of primary education (adj + n)
freezing responsible for

private education (adj + n)
outstanding
similar to secondary education (adj + n)
shocking
tired of state education (n + n)
tiny
upset about university education (n + n)
useless worried about

direct experience (adj + n)
adjectives with negative prefixes hands-on experience (adj + n)

Unit 3
dishonest work experience (n + n)
phrases with make and do disloyal
do someone good
disorganised Unit 6
do your best
illegal
adjectives ending in - ic
do your own thing immature
academic
make a habit of
impatient athletic
make an effort
imperfect dramatic
make it your business to do something
inaccurate energetic
make someone’s day incapable

fantastic
inconvenient
irregular
162
adjectives ending in -al seat belt (n)
Unit 9
biological slow down (phr v)
visual arts
chemical speed (v)
art collector (n)

classical speed up (phr v)
art dealer (n)
critical tyre (n)
art gallery (n)
grammatical wheel (n)
art lover (n)

mathematical windscreen (n)
background (n)
medical
physical Unit 8 exhibition (n)
illustration (n)
nouns ending in -er/-or nouns ending in -tion and -sion
image (n)
adviser addition
landscape (n)
decorator cancellation
portrait (n)
director competition
sculpture (n)
heater conclusion
studio (n)
organiser connection
collocations
prisoner decoration
description
art
sailor
abstract art (adj + n)
supporter discussion
contemporary art (adj + n)
verbs beginning with re- division
modern art (adj + n)
donation
character
reconsider
education
re-enter
comic character (adj + n)
election
refasten
heroic character (adj + n)
identification
refreeze
main character (adj + n)
intention
reheat
minor character (adj + n)
interruption
reinvent
tragic character (adj + n)
multiplication
culture
remake
prediction
reread
folk culture (adj + n)
preparation
retake (an exam)
modern culture (adj + n)
reservation
rewrite
oral culture (adj + n)
revision
popular culture (adj + n)
Unit 7 separation
subtraction
imagination
furniture and furnishings active imagination (adj + n)
brush (n)
nouns ending in -ment creative imagination (adj + n)
achievement
door handle (n) great imagination (adj + n)
agreement
duvet cover (n)
argument
cushion cover (n)
development
hook (n)
disagreement
pillow (n)
disappointment
plug (n)
enjoyment
plughole (n)
entertainment
socket (n)
improvement
tap (n)
judgement
tray (n)
management
cars and driving
movement
boot (n)
payment
engine (n)
treatment
gear (n)
indicator (n)
motor (n)
163
EXAM FILE: SPEAKING
You take the Speaking test with a partner. There are are two
examiners. One examiner (the interlocutor) speaks to you, and the useful language
other examiner just listens. The Speaking test takes 14 minutes .
talking about entertainment
It depends on what I’m doing. If I’m studying, I like to listen

Part 1: Interview (2 minutes) to quiet music, but if I’m with friends, we prefer rock music.
I’m not keen on classical music though.

Task overview
Yes, I once went to see a live concert at a local stadium, but
The interlocutor asks you and your partner some personal
I don’t go very oﬅen. It’s too expensive.
questions in turn. These questions may be about what you like
I have to read books for school, so I don’t read many at
or don’t like doing, your interests, your everyday life, your plans
home. I oﬅen buy a magazine about films because then I can
for the future and so on. You should answer your own questions
find out about new films I might like to see.
clearly, and just listen to your partner’s answers.
Oh, definitely in the cinema! It’s much more exciting,
Example task although some evenings my friends come round and we
Entertainment watch a film at home. It’s fun to be able to talk about it and
relax. But I prefer the cinema.

What sort of music do you enjoy listening to? (Why?)
Have you ever been to a live concert? (Why/Why not?) talking about everyday life
Do you enjoy reading books or magazines? (Why/Why not?) Yesterday I went to a fantastic science museum with my
friends.
Do you prefer to watch films in the cinema, or at home? (Why?)
I haven’t done anything special this week, but last month

Daily life
I went on a day trip to a really interesting castle.
Have you done anything unusual or interesting this week?
It’s very hot in the summer so I usually stay at home in the
What do you usually do in the evenings in the summer? (Why?)
evenings and chill out or go to the beach.
Would you rather spend your free time outside or inside? (Why?)
Although I spend lots of time with friends, I think it’s
Do you use the internet regularly for your studies? (Why/Why not?) important to spend time in the evenings with my family as
The future well.
Do you have any family celebrations planned in the near future? I’m an outdoor person so I hate spending time inside. I love
(Why/Why not?) hiking and camping.
Tell us about something you’re hoping to do next month. I definitely use the internet every day for studying because
it’s easy to find information quickly.

What would you like your future career to be? (Why?)
If you could have a holiday anywhere in the world next year, where talking about making plans and the future
would it be? Why? It’s my parents’ wedding anniversary this year and we’re
going to have a big party for them. I’m really looking
Exam help forward to that.
• Listen carefully to the question. If you don’t hear or understand

I’m hoping to learn French soon, probably next month when
it, ask the interlocutor to repeat it.
the school term starts.
• Give interesting answers, but don’t say too much. Leave time
What I really want my future career to be is a doctor. That’s
for your partner’s questions. The examiners want to hear about
because I love science!
you both and what you both think.
That’s a diffi cult question since I haven’t decided yet. Maybe
• Don’t prepare answers before the exam because you don’t
I’ll be a teacher!
know what the exact questions will be. You might answer the
I’d love to visit Australia on holiday as I have relatives there
wrong question!
and I’ve never met them.
• Relax, smile and speak clearly. Try to sound as natural as
possible, and don’t be nervous! giving reasons
That’s why/That’s the reason I want to learn English.
The main reason I like tennis is that it’s very competitive.
I want to go there because it seems a very interesting town.
It’s very hot in summer, so I go to the beach.
As my friends don’t live near me, I usually spend the
weekends with my family.
164
Part 2: Long turn (4 minutes)
useful language
Task overview comparing the photographs
You both speak alone for about a minute. The interlocutor Both photographs show people studying but they’re in
gives each of you two photographs in turn. You compare these different places and different situations.
photographs and answer another question about them. This

Some people are studying outside – it looks like a park
question is written on the page above the photographs. You
because there are trees – while/whereas the others are
should talk about what’s similar and different in your photographs
inside a classroom.
before you answer this question. Aﬅer a minute the interlocutor
stops you and asks your partner a short question about your In both photographs there are people who seem to be
photographs. Your partner is then given their photographs, and enjoying what they’re doing but they’re also working hard.
the examiner asks you a question about these photographs once

The students who are in the classroom seem to be having
your partner has finished speaking.
a formal debate or discussion. They’re listening to a girl
who is explaining something to them. On the other hand,
Example task the group outside are just chatting although they could be
helping each other to study.

Candidate A, the photographs show people studying in different
places. Compare the photographs and say what you think the In both photographs the students are learning something,
people are enjoying about studying in these places. although I can’t see a teacher in either photograph.
answering the question and speculating

What are the people enjoying about studying in these places?
The students in the classroom look as though they’re
listening to someone giving their point of view. She could be
a classmate because she looks too young to be the teacher.
They seem to be enjoying working together.
The students outside are probably friends. Maybe they’ve
been given some difficult homework to do and want to do
it together. The boy looks as if he’s showing the girls some
work he’s done already.
I think the friends are enjoying studying outside because it’s
more relaxing and they don’t feel any pressure. That might
make it easier for them to do good work, although it could
also be harder for them to concentrate.
The students in the classroom could benefit from having
lots of resources like books to help them. They’re probably
enjoying the fact that the lesson will finish soon, whereas
Candidate B, which of these places would you prefer to study in?
the students in the park can stay as long as they want to – as
(Why?)
long as it doesn’t rain! Perhaps the students are enjoying
studying in a formal situation in the classroom because they
think they will learn more.

Exam help
• The question is written above the photographs. Remember to giving your opinion (the listening candidate
compare the photographs before you answer this question.
question)
Don’t answer it immediately or you will run out of things to say.
• Don’t just describe what you can see in each photograph – you
For me, the classroom looks a better place to study, because
it’s more motivating and I could concentrate better there.

must compare them.
• Organise your ideas clearly, and use a wide range of language

I’d say that studying outdoors is always fun, but there could
be lots of distractions, so I’d prefer to be inside.

to talk about the photographs.
• Use connectors such as so, because and whereas to link your Both places look good to study in, but on balance I’d prefer
ideas. to study with friends outside.
• Keep speaking until the interlocutor stops you and don’t worry To be honest, I always enjoy being in school, so that’s where
about the time. It’s better to be talking at the end of the I’d rather study.
minute than to stop too early.

It’s difficult to study outside because there might be so
• Answer the question about your partner’s photographs in an many distractions such as noise and things like birds, so I’d
interesting way, but don’t say too much – you only have a short rather study in a classroom.
time for your answer.
165
SPEAKING FILE
Part 3: Collaborative task (4 minutes)

useful language
Overview giving and asking for opinions
The examiner gives you a question to discuss with your partner. This question is As far as I’m concerned, driving isn’t necessary.
written on the page with five ideas called ‘prompts’, which give you things to talk
It seems to me that …
about. You don’t need to talk about all the prompts, but you should say as much
I think that managing money is necessary.
as you can about each one before moving on to the next. Aﬅer two minutes, the
examiner stops you and asks you a second question about the same topic you’ve Personally, I don’t think that driving is useful.
been discussing. You should try to reach a decision in about a minute. Remember Do you agree?
that the focus is interacting with your partner, not talking on your own.
Do you think the same?
What do you think about that?

Example task
speculating
drive a car Is it necessary for young accept advice
people to learn to do all Maybe driving is a bit irresponsible because …

from others
these things before they I suppose learning to drive makes you …
leave home?
agreeing and disagreeing
Yes, you’re right.

organise time well manage money socialise
I agree with you.
That’s a good point.

Follow-up question: Which of these things is least important for young people
to learn to do before they leave home? I suppose so.
I know what you mean, but managing …
Exam help
That’s a good point, but I think that …
• You should talk naturally to what your partner, and listen to them carefully so
You said … , but I think …
that you can agree, disagree or add something to what they’ve said.
• Explain what you think. Give reasons. You don’t have to agree with your partner. managing the discussion
• Try to introduce new ideas as well as respond to what your partner says. Let’s start with learning to drive.
• Don’t worry if you don’t have time to talk about all the prompts – it’s not Shall we move on to managing money?
necessary to discuss them all. Tell me what you mean.
• In the second question, try not to repeat ideas you’ve already mentioned. Can I add something to what you said?
Don’t make a decision too quickly as you may not fill the minute.
reaching a decision
So, which one do you think is least important?

Part 4: Discussion (4 minutes)
We both think … , don’t we?
Overview I think X is probably more/less important
The examiner asks you and your partner some questions connected with the than Y because …
topic you discussed in Part 3. These questions are about your opinions, and you I don’t think X is as interesting as Y
should give reasons for your ideas. The examiner may ask each of you a question because …
individually, or ask both of you the same question. Even if your partner is asked a
In my opinion, X is the least/most useful
question, you can add to what they have said or disagree with them.
because …
Example task
language
Is it better for young people to learn practical life skills at home or at school? (Why?)
useful
Some people say the most important thing parents can do is encourage their
children to be independent. Do you agree? (Why/Why not?) giving reasons and examples
What practical skills do you think are most difficult to learn? (Why?)
The main reason is that leaving home is hard.
Why do you think some people don’t like to learn to do new things?
This is because you can’t buy happiness.
Do you think the most important thing in life is just to be happy? (Why/Why not?)
It’s important to learn these things since/as …
Exam help To give an example, my parents taught me …
• Listen to what your partner says so you can respond appropriately.

explaining and adding detail
• Don’t dominate the conversation if the examiner asks a question to both of
What I mean is, …
you – ask your partner what they think.
• Extend your answers by giving reasons and examples.

On top of that, it’s difficult to learn to do it
well.
• Use a wide range of language. If you can’t think of a word, paraphrase it.
Also, it’s quite tiring to do that.
• There is no ‘right’ answer. You are marked on how well you can express your ideas.
166
EXAM FILE: WRITING
Essay
useful language
Example task introduction
In your English class you have been talking about whether museums are
Is this really true?
important today. Now your English teacher has asked you to write an essay
There are arguments for and against the idea.
for homework.
Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view. It’s a difficult question to answer.
‘Museums are not necessary nowadays because we can find all the information There may not be an easy answer to the
we need on the internet’. Do you agree? question.
Notes
introducing ideas
Write about:
One benefit of … is …
• bringing history to life

An advantage of … must be …
• school trips
On the other hand, …
• (your own idea)
Of course, not all museums …
Write your essay in 140–190 words.
Another potential advantage is …

Introduce the
Example answer
topic and catch expanding points
the reader’s
It’s sometimes said that museums are not necessary One reason for this is that …
interest with
nowadays because all the information is on the internet, but This is because …
a rhetorical
is this actually true? There are arguments on both sides.
question. In fact, …
Firstly, museums give visitors the opportunity to see and Without a doubt, …
touch real things from the past, and it’s impossible to get Start each new
Clearly, this is …
the same experience from looking up facts online. Clearly, point clearly.
adding and contrasting ideas

museums bring history to life. There are also museums about
science, space travel and so on where visitors can touch Moreover, …
interactive exhibits and get a real understanding of things Organise ideas In addition to this, …
that affect life today. and paragraphs However, this is not always true/the case.
well using
In addition to this, teachers often organise school trips to Although it seems that …
linking words
museums. Obviously, this is a very valuable experience for and phrases. Despite this …
students, as they are learning outside the classroom with

writing a conclusion
their friends, and talking about the trip is very motivating.
To sum up, …
Make sure you
On the other hand, it can be expensive to visit museums,
include an idea On balance, …
although some are free. However, they are good value for
of your own In conclusion, …
money, as they provide more accurate information than
in a separate
the internet, which can be unreliable.
paragraph.
Exam help
On balance, I would say that museums are not only
• Start your essay with a short paragraph
necessary nowadays, but are enjoyable places to visit. Give your own
introducing the topic. End with a conclusion that
We would miss them if they disappeared. opinion in the
follows your argument logically.
conclusion.
• Focus on one idea in each of the three middle
paragraphs. Make sure you include a new idea of

Over to you your own.
Now write your own answer to the task. Make sure that you include everything
• Use a formal or semi-formal style, with a range of
required in the task and use the Exam help to check your work.
vocabulary and linking words.
• Don’t write fewer than 140 words because you
won’t be able to include all the ideas you should.
Don’t write more than 190 words because you
may include ideas that are not relevant.
• Make sure you read your essay through to check
that it makes sense, and that you haven’t made
any grammatical or spelling mistakes.
167
WRITING FILE
Informal email/letter
useful language
Example task greetings
You have received this email from your English friend, Carole.
Hi! How are you?
Hi! It was great to hear from you!
Guess what! Some school friends are coming to your town on an It’s been ages since I heard from you!
exchange visit. They’ll be staying with host families for a fortnight.

explaining why you’re writing
Have you got any useful tips I could give them? They want to do as
I’d love to give you some tips.
much as they can, but they’ve got lessons every morning, so only have
the aﬅernoons free. One of them has asked me to find out whether they There are so many things I can tell you about.
should bring presents for their host family and what family life is like.
using linkers
Thanks for your help,
Anyway, …
Carole
Besides, …
Write your email in 140–190 words.
On top of that, …
Example answer Use conventional giving opinions and advice

greetings in
I guess …
Hi Carole, informal emails
and letters. The best way to get around is …
Thanks for your email – it was great to hear from you.

I think they should …
I’d love to give your friends some tips for their visit! Introduce the
They might like to …
topic of the
They’ll have a fantastic time. There are loads of things to do
email or letter finishing your email or letter
here in the afternoons – there’s an amazing museum about appropriately.
Keep in touch,
local history which is worth seeing, and a ruined castle.
It’s hundreds of years old! On top of that cultural stuff Use paragraphs
All the best,
there’s a brand new leisure centre with a state-of-the-art for new points. Cheers!
swimming pool. It’s easy to get around the town on foot and
by bus, though they might like to rent bicycles and get out
into the local countryside. Exam help
Use informal • Use the appropriate informal phrases for starting
You asked about family life. It won’t be hard to fit in – it’s language to a and ending emails or letters.
similar to your country, although your friends may find we friend.
• Group ideas into paragraphs and link them with
eat earlier in the evenings than they’re used to. Of course
informal connectors.
the weather here isn’t so good – we’re famous for rain! Make sure you
• Use language that is appropriate for the person
include all the
I’m sure that host families would like any small present you’re writing to.
information
that’s special from your country, but tell your friends not to asked for in the
• Make sure you include everything the task
worry about it. task.

asks for.
Anyway, I hope that helps. Let me know if you need Over to you
anything else. Now write your own answer to the task. Make sure
Finish your email that you include everything required in the task and
Keep in touch! or letter in an use the Exam help to check your work.
Carla appropriate way.
168
Semi-formal email/letter
useful language
Example task greetings
You see this announcement on the school noticeboard.

Dear Sir/Madam,
I’ve received complaints about the use of mobile phones in school and Dear Mr/Ms …
I’d like to hear what students think.

opening your email or letter,
Send me a letter explaining your opinion, giving your reasons, and
explaining why you’re writing
making suggestions for ways of dealing with the situation.
I would like to complain/explain/apply for …
I will discuss everyone’s suggestions at my next meeting with the
student council. I am writing to …
John Jackson (Principal) I am writing in response to …
Write your letter in 140–190 words.

using linkers
Use conventional
In addition, …
greetings in
Example answer
semi-formal Consequently, …
emails and
Dear Mr Jackson, Obviously, …
letters.
Firstly, …
I’m writing to give you my opinion about the way students
use mobile phones in school. State the reason making suggestions
you are writing
You could think about …
Firstly, we all have mobile phones, and this is the situation at the beginning
It would be a good idea to …

we have to live with. However, some people do use them of the email or
letter.
selfishly, and this may be why some people have complained. I recommend …
Personally it irritates me when people talk loudly on their I suggest …

Use connectors
phones in the corridors.
to order your giving your opinion
In my opinion, it would be helpful to ban mobile phones in ideas clearly.

It seems to me that …
some parts of the school. I think people don’t realise that

Give reasons In my opinion, …
even when they text, the bright light from the screen is
or relevant
distracting. Consequently, I suggest restricting their use Personally, …
examples to
in places where we study. It goes without saying that they finishing your email or letter
support your
should never be used in class.
opinion. I look forward to hearing from you.
I suggest having specific areas where phones may be used, I hope my ideas are helpful.
Make different
and other areas where they are forbidden. There should be Yours,
points or
signs explaining this, though, so that students know what the
suggestions Best wishes,
rules are.
in separate
paragraphs.
It seems to me that although we should be allowed to Exam help
have mobile phones in school, we should still be polite, • Use the appropriate conventions of starting and
Give your
respect other people’s personal space, and use our phones ending formal letters or emails.
personal opinion
thoughtfully. • Begin your letter or email appropriately, giving
to finish the
letter and your reason for writing clearly.

I hope my suggestions are helpful.
confirm your
• Group ideas into paragraphs and link them using
suggestions.
Best wishes, formal connectors.
• Use a wide range of appropriate language and
Finish your avoid idioms or colloquial expressions.
semi-formal • Make sure you include everything the task asks
email or letter for.
appropriately.
Over to you
Now write your own answer to the task. Make sure
that you include everything required in the task and
use the Exam help to check your work.
169
WRITING FILE
Review
useful language
Example task giving an opinion
You see this announcement in your college magazine.

From my point of view, …
We need some film reviews to publish in the magazine next month. I’d say that …
Have you seen a film which had special effects you thought were What I loved/hated about it was …
important to the success of the film?

What I found frustrating was …
Write a review, explaining what the film was about and why you felt
It completely lived up to my expectations.
the special effects were particularly important or effective. Would you
recommend this film to other people in the college? The best part was …
describing or narrating
Write your review in 140–190 words.
It was about …
Example answer
What happened was …
An amazing film you won’t be able to forget! Start with a It tells the story of … who …
question or a
making recommendations
Have you ever gone to see a film you were looking forward statement that
to, and been even more impressed than you’d hoped? will interest the I’d certainly/definitely/really/strongly
recommend it.
Well, I saw ‘Journey to the Red Planet’ last week and it reader.
exceeded my expectations. Not only was the plot gripping, Despite the fact that … , I’d still recommend it.
the special effects were literally out of this world. All in all, …
Briefly describe
It told the story of a family on their way to start a new life what you’re Make sure you don’t miss it.
on a distant planet, and the problems they encountered on reviewing.

You should definitely give it a go.
their journey. The acting was superb, but the special effects
were spectacular. I really felt as though I was sharing Explain what was
the journey with them. One scene in particular, where so good about Exam help
they passed through a meteor storm, was beautiful and the film.
• Include a title.
terrifying at the same time. • Remember that the purpose of a review is to

Give an example
inform, but also to entertain the reader.
I won’t tell you what happened because I wouldn’t want of something
to spoil it, but it’s safe to say that you’ll have your heart in that impressed
• Write in a friendly style. Try to interest the
reader by asking a question at the beginning, and

your mouth many times. Although the acting was great, you.
giving your own experiences and opinions.
it was the special effects that lifted this film to another
• Use a range of interesting language such as
level, and the feelings they created stayed with me for days Use a range
adjectives and expressions to interest the reader.
afterwards. of adjectives
and colourful • Divide your review into paragraphs.
If you’re a sci-fi fan like me, don’t miss this! language. • Finish with a clear recommendation and include
a reason for this.
Explain the
importance Over to you

of the special Now write your own answer to the task. Make sure
effects. that you include everything required in the task and
Finish with a
recommendation.
170
Article
useful language
Example task involving the reader
You see this announcement on an English-language website.

Do you find … ?
Articles wanted Why not try it?
How do you concentrate on your studies? Tell us what works best for using interesting language
you. Why does it help? How did you find out about it?
I came across it by chance.
Write us an article answering these questions. We’ll publish the best
That was weird!
ones on the website.
I found myself singing along.

Write your article in 140–190 words.
It’s made all the difference.
Example answer explaining reasons

Give your article
a title. I don’t, as I get distracted …

How I solved my problems with studying!
I found myself … instead of …
Do you find studying easy? I don’t, as I get distracted Introduce the

It’s changed my life!
quickly. I’ve tried different things to help me concentrate, subject of
your article
but without success.
clearly and try
Exam help
My friends recommended playing music while I studied, but to involve the
I found myself singing along instead of focusing on what reader. • Give your article a title. An article should interest
and engage the reader from the start.

I was doing. My parents suggested working in complete
silence, but that was weird! I could hear the computer keys Include some • Use paragraphs so that your article is easy to read.
tapping, which put me off! personal

• Use colourful language to interest the reader.
•
anecdotes to
Finish in an interesting way.
The solution came completely out of the blue. One day, my interest the
reader. • Remember that an article should entertain the

mind was wandering, as usual. I decided to go for a run to
reader as well as inform them.
get some exercise and while I was jogging round the park,
Answer all the
I began thinking about my homework and how to do it. Over to you
questions in the
When I got back to my room, I had a shower and then found Now write your own answer to the task. Make sure
task.
I was able to get down to work. I realised that running made that you include everything required in the task and
it easier for me to concentrate. use the Exam help to check your work.
Finish with a
So now I break up periods of work with some physical memorable
exercise, and for me it’s made all the difference. I feel great, question or
statement
and having a balance between work and exercise works
that involves
for me.
the reader and
rounds off the
It’s honestly changed my life!
article.
171
WRITING FILE
Story
useful language
Example task sequencing events and using time
You have seen this announcement in an international magazine for young people. expressions
At first …
We need some stories!
Could you write a story for our magazine? Your story must begin with Suddenly, … / All of a sudden, …
this sentence:
Then …
Jon switched on the computer and settled down to do his homework.

Aﬅer a while …
Your story must include:

At that moment …
• an email
All at once …
• a journey
building interest
The best stories will be published in the magazine.
He knew he’d been lazy …

Write your story in 140–190 words.
Think of an ‘Should I go or work?’ he asked himself.
engaging and
Example answer What else could go wrong?
relevant title.
Jon had run out of options.

I should have read it properly!
Make sure
using interesting verbs and
you use the
Jon switched on the computer and settled down to do his adjectives
first sentence
homework. He wasn’t looking forward to it as he had lots
correctly. He had lots to get through.
to get through. He knew he’d been lazy and hadn’t kept
up with his assignments. He was excited.
Use interesting
He decided to spend the time …
adjectives and
Suddenly, a ping told him an email had arrived.
verbs. He set off to catch the bus.
He opened it and saw it was from an old friend, Carlo.
They had lost touch, but Jon was excited to read that He trudged the long way home.
Include both
Carlo wanted to spend the day together. ‘Should I go or
points in the task.
work?’ he asked himself. He decided to spend the time
Exam help
with his friend.
• Give your story an interesting and relevant title.
He wanted to cycle, but his sister had borrowed his bike. Use direct • Plan your story so that it has a clear narrative.
He set off to catch the bus, but after five minutes it speech to make
• You may need to use a variety of tenses so that
it interesting.
broke down and the passengers got off. Jon decided to your story is easy to understand.
use the metro instead. He ran onto the platform and • Use interesting language such as colourful verbs
jumped on the first train, which stopped after three and phrasal verbs.
Include a logical,
stations because of an electrical fault. What else could • Use sequencing words such as then, aﬅer that,
interesting
go wrong? Jon had run out of options, and trudged the suddenly.
ending.
long way home. He was amazed to find Carlo there. • Remember that a story should be entertaining
He had misread the email, so his bad journey had been and easy to follow.
pointless!
Over to you
Now write your own answer to the task. Make sure
that you include everything required in the task and
172
SPEAKING TASKS
UNIT 2, PAGE 31, EX 5

Student A
Here are your photos. They show people in challenging situations. Compare the photos and say what you think the people are finding
challenging about these situations.
Student B
Which of these activities would you prefer to do? Why?
UNIT 3, PAGE 45, EX 8 UNIT 7, PAGE 101, EX 6

Here are some ways young people can get involved with nature
and the envrionment. Talk to each other about how these Student A
activities can get people interested in the environment.
1 Where are you from?
watching going to talks by young

2 Which place would you like to visit in your area if you had the
time? Why?
wildlife films environmentalists
3 If you could travel anywhere, where would you like to go? Why?
4 What are your plans for the future? Why?

How can these activities get more young
people interested in the environment?
doings arts and going on school trips
craﬅs about wildlife to wildlife parks
having lessons about
caring for pets
Now decide which two activities would be most interesting for
young people.
173
Student A
Compare the photos and say what you think these people might be enjoying about taking part in these group activities.
Student B
Do you take part in any activities like these? Why/Why not?
174
Student B
Here are your photos. They show people who are taking part in traditional forms of dance and music. Compare the photos and say what
you think people are enjoying about performing in this way.
Student A
Do you ever take part in dance or music performances? Why/Why not?
175
SPEAKING TASKS

Student B
Compare the photos and say how do you think the people are feeling about taking part in these mental challenges.
Student A
Do you enjoy activities that challenge you? Why/Why not?
176
Student B
Here are your photos. They show people spending their time in different ways. Compare the photos and say what you think the people
are enjoying about spending their time in this way.
Student A
Would you enjoy spending time in this way? Why/Why not?
177
SPEAKING TASKS
UNIT 9, PAGE 129, EX 7 UNIT 7, PAGE 101, EX 6

Here are some things students can get from work experience. Talk
to each other about why it is a good idea for students to do work Student B
experience.
1 What do you like about the place where you live?
learn about a job get on with other people

2 Where are you going to spend your next holiday? Why?
3 If you could choose a new language to learn, what would it be?
Why is it a good idea for students

4 Do you think you will always have the same friends?
Why/Why not?
to do work experience?
improve general get away from the
knowledge school environment
increase
self-confidence
Now decide which two skills are the most important for students
to learn.
178
AUDIOSCRIPTS
S.2 2 I thought it would be pretty boring to play, B: Great! But will your parents let you go?
1 OK, everybody. You must be ready for because its purpose is to help people, not just A: I don’t think it’ll be a problem. It’s usually
tomorrow’s lessons at 9 a.m. And remember, to provide entertainment. But it’s actually really expensive, but a charity is paying
if you need more pictures for your game, you really fun. And for once I don’t have to feel towards my place on the trip, so we don’t
should work on them at home tonight! bad about wasting my time on a game. I’ve have to pay much. And they know I’ve wanted
2 It’s easy to get burnt without realising it

been playing for about an hour now, and I’ve to sail since I was like … eight or something.
when you’re outside in the sun, so put some

raised one pound and nineteen pence for B: I think I’d be scared.
sun cream on before you start.

charity! I really like the music too – it makes A: I know what you mean. I hope there aren’t
3 OK. Now try to take a step up with your right

the whole experience very relaxing. It’s helped any storms, because I don’t want to get
me to forget about my tiring day at school. I seasick. But I’m sure it’ll be an incredible week.
leg. And move your leﬅ arm. Great! Keep
looking up at the top – don’t look down!

think this game is a great idea.
4
4 So, we’ll go to the pool aﬅer lunch. Make sure
3 The website said it would only take a few
And finally, last month sixteen-year-old Carter
minutes to make one, but I spent the whole
you all remember to bring your swimming Wilkerson sent a message on social media to his
aﬅernoon on mine. It was so stressful! First
things with you. favourite fast-food company, asking ‘How many
5 So, now it’s time to start writing the code and

I couldn’t think of anything funny to put on
times do people need to share this message for
the front. Then I couldn’t find my coloured
make everything on the screen move where me to get free food for a year?’ To his surprise,
pens. When I finally started drawing, one
you want it to. he got a reply: 18 million. ‘OK,’ he joked. ‘I’ll do
of the pens that I was using made a big red
6 Right, if you’ve got all your equipment ready, it.’ It seemed impossible, but soon everyone was
mark on my carpet, so mum’s not going to be
it’s time to watch me so you can learn how to sharing the message. Although he’s not reached
too happy. I’m not doing that again! It’s not
put it on. 18 million, he’s today broken the world record
worth it – I need to find something that suits
7 You did it! Fantastic! Now move away from
for the highest number of shares, and achieved
me better.
his aim, too: the company has agreed to his food
the edge of the rock. When you’re ready, you
request. Let’s hope he doesn’t break any records
can follow the path back down to the bottom. 1.5 and 1.6
1 for putting on weight!
1.1 and 1.2
A: How was your trip to the Lake District, then?
5
A: Hey, Dan, what are you doing at the moment?
A:
Do you want to meet me in town?
B: Good, thanks. It was a bit disappointing
Well done for getting that Saturday job at the
café. That’s a great achievement. Have you

that we didn’t manage to climb a different
B: Nah, sorry, Mel, not today. I’m kinda busy. I’m
started yet?
mountain every day. That was the idea, but
doing a bit of writing, actually.
a couple of the group didn’t feel well on the
B: Yes, I’ve been working there for two weeks
A: What sort of writing?
now.
last day. But we had some great walks on the
B: Well, it’s always been my dream to be a writer,
other days. Have you ever been there? A: How is it?
so a few months ago I started trying to write
A: Yes, I went last year, but the weather was B: Fun. The people are nice, and I’ve learnt some
a novel. I work on it for a few hours every
terrible. cool new skills, like carrying five plates at
week.
B: It does rain a lot, but we were quite lucky – it the same time! We have to wear a kind of
A: Wow! So, what’s it about then, this novel?
was mostly cold and sunny. I’d packed lots uniform – a smart white shirt and a black skirt.
B: Well, it’s set in the future, and most of the

of winter clothing, which kept me warm, It’s not too bad, but I’m always spilling coffee
population is really old. There aren’t many on my shirt, which I could do without! The
although I probably looked a bit stupid
young people, and everyone under the age of café’s very popular, so it’s never dull working
wearing it all.
eighteen is kept in this strange kind of prison.
2 there. But it’s quite stressful when everyone
But the hero, Connor, escapes from the prison

A: How was your dance thing yesterday?
wants to order their food at the same time.
and … well, that’s as far as I’ve got so far.

B: Don’t ask! It was the worst show I’ve ever
6
A: It sounds really interesting. Can I read it?
A: I know. We used to get on so well.
done!
B: Maybe eventually, but it isn’t making much
B:
A: Oh no! What went wrong?
You were best friends for years.
progress. It won’t be finished for ages. The
B: Well, we had to change outfit in the middle,
A: Since primary school. We weren’t in the same
problem is, I’m always changing my mind
class, but we were always together outside
and I put on someone else’s clothes by
about the story. It’s getting a bit annoying,
school. We still share a lot of interests, but,
mistake. So I was wearing these trousers
actually – I’ve wasted weeks because of that.
well, we hardly talk to each other now.
that were so tight and uncomfortable I
But one day, who knows? Maybe I’ll get it
couldn’t dance properly. Then I fell over on B: So what happened?
published. That would be so cool!
stage and everyone laughed at me. It was so A: I think he got annoyed because I spent a lot
1.3 and 1.4 embarrassing! of time practising the guitar, so I couldn’t
1 Yeah, I always dreamt of being an astronaut A: Oh, don’t worry. Just focus on doing well in meet up with him much. But I had to practise
when I was little, and now I’m exploring the your dance exam next month. – I had that big competition to prepare for,
planets from my own living room. It suits me, B: If that’s anything like last night’s performance,
remember? And then, when I won, he said I
to be honest. I think real space travel would should just …

I’ll probably fail.
be too scary. I’m not into things that are that

3 7
dangerous. But being a volunteer for NASA
A: Guess what?
A: Have you read about this guy, Ethan Paisley?
– that feels kind of cool. It’s incredible seeing

B: What?
He’s only sixteen, but he’s already made a film
the pictures of space they can get now.

A: I’ve got an email about that tall sailing ship
that’s been shown at an international film
festival! That’s amazing!

journey this summer. I’ve been chosen to go
on it!
B: Wow! It can’t be easy to get into that!
179
AUDIOSCRIPTS
A: He started with funny online videos. 1.9 and 1.10 of a pontoon, which was quite slippery. So,
B: I guess that’s the best way to get successful A: Our family has enjoyed helping animals for I decided to run back ’cos the waves were
when you’re a teenager. really choppy and I got a bit worried. But as I
years, and last year we decided to open an
A: Not for him! Not many people saw those animal sanctuary in our garden. Liz and I like
was running, I slipped and I managed to turn
videos, but that didn’t put him off. And now myself to the side as I was sliding down the
helping at the sanctuary, but we think about
Hollywood’s interested in his work. pontoon. I went off the side and I hit some
giving up most mornings!
B: I bet he gets a lot of help from his parents, B: Yeah. We usually have a horribly early start
coral. I didn’t actually touch it, but I was so
close. And my dad came to help me and pull

though, or other adults. to the day. And I don’t wear my favourite
A: No, I don’t think so. He’s got a team of people outfits at home because they don’t stay
me out.
his own age that he works with. clean for long! 2.4
8 A: It can be frustrating, too, because the animals Welcome to Truth or Lie?, the game show
A: Mum? Have you washed my kit for the match are always getting ill. When there’s a problem, where a contestant gives us a statement which
yet? Mum and dad oﬅen stay up late. And for the may or may not be true. The other contestants
B: What match? last few weeks, I’ve been caring for a baby will be watching each speaker carefully. Will the
A: We’ve got through to the final, remember? deer which has been very sick. It’s a lot of speaker sweat, hesitate or look away guiltily?
It’s tomorrow at 6. work. Aﬅerwards, the contestants can ask one
B: Oh, OK … But I haven’t seen your kit. B: The vet’s really expensive, and that’s a bit question. Then they have to guess if the speaker
A: Oh, hang on. It might be on the floor, under

stressful for dad. He’s always telling us to be is telling the truth or not.
more careful with money …

my desk. Aha! My shorts … and my top … and
2.5
A: … which can be annoying, because we’re
my trainers.
P = Presenter M = Mel T = Tom C = Cris
B: Ew! Jen, they smell terrible! How long have
always careful with money anyway!
1
B: But in general, things are getting better
they been lying there?
P: Right. Let’s start with Mel.
A: Um … maybe a week …
now because we’ve got some fantastic new
M: OK, My statement is: Ahem … I named my
B: That’s not good enough, Jen! You have to
volunteers. The sanctuary is looking for more
pet cats aﬅer TV comedy characters. Right,
volunteers, though. You’d be very welcome if
treat your stuff better. Right, let’s put the
… um, I’ve always wanted to have pet cats
you wanted to help.
kit in the wash right now … and take those
and these two are really lovely. I wanted to
disgusting trainers outside. 2.1 and 2.2 call my cats Homer and Marge, but I couldn’t
1.7 1 So when I was younger, I was a bit late going because they’re both boys. So in the end, I
A It’s very fashionable to express yourself

to school. So I was running down my hill called them, er, Sheldon and Leonard, aﬅer
towards school. And, um, because I was so the guys from The Big Bang Theory! They’re
through your clothes in Japan. In the first
excited ‘cos it was sports day, I was running so cute! Leonard’s grey and quieter than
picture, bows are a big part of this style, she
and I fell over … and then I cut my knee and Sheldon … Sheldon’s black and white and
has one in her hair, another around her neck,
I ended up having to walk – limp – back up more intelligent!
and a third one at her waist! It’s important
for this look that everything’s in pale colours,

the hill. And my mum said that it was actually
2
including her handbag, and she is even
quite bad, so I ended up not being able to go
P: Now we move on to Tom.
wearing a pale pink wig! Her dress has a very

to sports day, which I was trying to go to ‘cos I
T: Right. My statement is: I’ve had a cup of
was running.
full skirt, which is great – it must make her feel coffee every day since I was four years old.
very feminine – I adore the pretty pink sleeves

2 There was a time – I think I was seven years
I tried some of my mum’s coffee one day
old – my family and I, we were planning to
on her jacket! I imagine she loves going out and I liked it. Um, so then I had some every
go to Japan on holiday, and the day before
like this, because people might oﬅen stop her morning. Of course, coffee is much too strong
the holiday I managed to lose my passport.
in the street and say how cute she looks. I bet for young kids, so I always had a lot of milk in
And I was absolutely terrified, and I heard my
she’d hate to wear the casual clothes that it when I was little. And I’ve never had a day
parents saying whether I could even come or
most people go around in. without coffee since then, honestly!
B I think that in this photo, the person’s fashion

not. And so around twelve hours later, I was
3
style is his way of telling people who he really
still panicking and, luckily, I found it inside
P: OK. Cris – can you give us your statement,
my bag. It had been there all along. And my
is, and if you don’t like it, that’s your problem! please?
mum shouted at me but then we all went
(laughs!) He has gone for an outfit in bright,
on holiday and had a great time, so I was
C: Yes. My statement is: A monkey has been to
bold colours with plenty of accessories: our house for dinner … but I certainly didn’t
very happy.
colourful hair clips in his hair, stickers on invite it! Actually, the monkey belongs to a
his face, and a yellow necklace. In fact, his hair

3 Well, a couple of weeks ago I was … I had
good friend. She made the arrangement
my first exam and I was really nervous, so I
is all coloured too but it’s not a wig…it’s his with my husband as a surprise – I didn’t know
thought I had packed everything I needed.
real hair! He’s wearing a pink and black jacket anything about it. My friend dropped her
Turns out … I’ve forgotten my calculator.
with a zip up the front. It has long sleeves monkey off at our house and then she came
So, the day of the exam, I had to run around
and a hood at the back, too. He has a bag to join us later. Well, of course, the monkey
the whole of school, trying to find someone
that maybe he always carries around with didn’t have spaghetti and meatballs! It ate, er,
to lend me a calculator. Eventually, I found a
him, with a cartoon character on it and a a tomato and an apple. That’s better food for
year seven who had one, but it was all very
long black strap. I wonder if he has to wear a monkeys!
stressful.
uniform at school? I bet he’d think it was ugly
and would hate having to wear the same as 4 Well, I was in Egypt when I was nine, and
everyone else. He looks like his style makes there was an earthquake in Madagascar
him feel free and different. which had affected part of Egypt as well, so
it brought huge waves, and I was on the end
180
2.6 3 I started at a new school last year where for school. And sure enough, his teacher didn’t
P = Presenter T = Tom M = Mel C = Cris they did a lot of sports, especially rugby and believe him when he said some cows had caused
1 cricket. I wanted to show the other kids that them a delay. And he got punished. Well, you can
P: OK, you can ask Mel one question about I was like them so I said that I’d been in the hardly blame the teacher, can you?!
cricket team at my previous school. In fact,

her cats. 2.11
T: I know Mel enjoys comedy, so that’s quite
the most I’d ever played was on the beach in
A: Have you ever read Life of Pi, Tom?
the summer! One day I was asked to join in
believable, but I didn’t know she had any cats.
the cricket practice aﬅer school and of course
B: No, but I’ve seen the film. I used to read more
When did you get your cats, Mel? books but now I don’t have time.
I was really scared. Fortunately, I hit the ball
M: Oh, not long ago. I’ve had them about two A: Oh, I read it in the summer, but I missed the
much better than I expected – it was my lucky
months now. film. Was it any good?
day! But it was terrifying and I won’t ever do
C: Right, we think it’s true. Mel? Are they right? that again!
B: I saw it last year. It wasn’t the best film I’d ever
M: I was telling … a lie! I haven’t got any cats. I 4 I took an entrance exam to get into a top
watched, but I really enjoyed it.
don’t really like them!

music school recently – in fact, it’s one of
A: We’re reading The Diary of Anne Frank at
2 the best in the country. I’d practised so hard

school. We’ve only got a few more pages to
P: It’s time to ask Tom about his coffee-drinking

and everyone thought I was definitely good
read. It’s incredible!
habit.
enough to get in. However, on the day itself B: I haven’t heard of it before. What’s it about?
M: Why did your mum allow you to have coffee? the pressure got to me and I was too nervous A: It’s the real diary of a girl who lived in the
You were only four! Second World War. It’s one of the saddest
to play as well as I usually do. Basically, my
T: I’m not sure. She thought it was OK – and it hands slipped on the piano keys because I
stories I’ve read.
was always very weak, more like milk really, was sweating! Anyway, I didn’t get in and
B: Oh, I don’t like reading sad books. I was
with a drop of coffee in it. listening to the audio book of Diary of a

everyone was so disappointed. I told my
C: I don’t know … Is he going red? Yes, I’m sure parents that I didn’t mind. That made it easier
Wimpy Kid last night and I got to the bit
that’s a lie. about the school play. It’s not a true story, but
for me to cope – and eventually, to move on.
P: Tom? 5 My mum had one of those ‘big’ birthdays last

it’s the funniest thing I’ve ever heard!
T: It’s … the truth. month … but she didn’t want to do anything 3.1 and 3.2
3 special. Just the family, she said. But dad had
A: Are you coming round later?
P: So, now ask Cris about the monkey! other ideas and he was planning a special
B: No, I’ll be doing my homework all evening.
T: Well, you know some celebrities who might holiday for them both. He and I used to have
A: So why have you got so much to do?
own a monkey. Why did they leave it with secret chats about where they should go.
B: Oh, I’ve got to finish an environment project –
you? One day she asked me rather suspiciously, ‘So
and I’ve run out of ideas!
C: Because they thought it would be fun for the

what are you and your father talking about
A: Well look, I’m going to watch a programme
all the time? He isn’t planning anything for
children.
on TV tonight about city farms. Why
M: You’re touching your mouth nervously. I’m my birthday, I hope?’ I was in a difficult position
so I simply said ‘I don’t know’ and leﬅ it at that. don’t you come round and we can watch
sure that’s false.
Fortunately, she didn’t ask me anything more. it together? I’m sure it will help you. I’m
C: Are you sure? It’s actually … the truth! making a pizza so we can eat as soon as
2.8
T&M: No! you arrive.
A: Here are your photographs. They show
2.7 people in different challenging situations. I’d

B: OK, I’m on my way!
1 Well, the other day my friend was going on like you to compare the photographs and say 3.3 and 3.4
about a football team he supports and how what you think the people are finding difficult 1 The people from Edible Playgrounds are
great it was, blah blah blah. I knew he was about being in these situations. about to arrive and everyone is looking
wrong because other teams are obviously B: Yes, well, the main similarity between the forward to their visit. We can’t really start
better than his – but I thought it would be two photos is that they both show people digging until they get here but everyone is
simpler to hide my thoughts than to disagree in situations that might be difficult, but for eager to start and we’ve all got our spades
with him and make him angry. So I said a few different reasons. In photo A, the people ready! It will definitely make a huge difference
things like ‘Yeah’ and ‘Great’ so it sounded like might find it physically difficult to go white to our school to have a garden the students
I was agreeing with him. A friendship, in my water raﬅing or they might be scared of can look aﬅer.
view, is more important than a football team. falling in the water. They look as though 2 To be honest, I’m not quite sure what all
Some things in life are not going to change, they’re having fun but you still need to be fit. the fuss is about. They’re going to show us
like people’s strong opinions, whatever you In photo B, the boy isn’t in a difficult situation how to grow vegetables at school – but if
say! physically, but he might be nervous about they look anything like this carrot, I probably
2 I think it’s important to be honest in life speaking to the other students. It’s not always won’t want to eat them anyway! Gardening’s
generally. In my family it works because I tell easy to stand up in front of others and speak. seriously uncool in my view – but then maybe
my mum if I think she isn’t being fair or I’ll in a few months’ time, I’ll be enjoying a plate
2.9 and 2.10
explain to my brother why he can’t borrow of pasta with tomato sauce made from our
Now for today’s really wacky item of news from
my laptop all the time! That’s usually the own tomatoes and I’ll think differently. Now
our listeners. Today it comes from Toby who lives
same with my friends too. But I had to be that would be quite a ‘tasty’ achievement …
in a village in Devon. Earlier this morning while his
careful once with my friend Louisa. She’d
mum was driving him to school, they met a herd
3 This is the second city school we’ve visited
changed her hairstyle – shaved half her hair this week and we’re visiting another one
of cows that were walking down the road to the
off – and I really didn’t think it suited her. She tomorrow! We’re really pleased that there’s
farm. There were loads of them and his mum
looked so pleased … I couldn’t tell her what I so much interest in Edible Playgrounds
couldn’t pass them for ages. Toby was sweating
was really thinking. So what could I say? She and we’ve had some great feedback from
because he knew he’d be in trouble if he was late
obviously liked it so I said it looked fantastic. the staff. They all say that their students’
181
AUDIOSCRIPTS
knowledge and understanding of the Xiuhtezcatl has obviously been greatly 3.10 and 3.11
natural environment has certainly increased, influenced by both his parents. His mother A: What’s that article you’re reading? … Oh, it’s
together with their willingness to eat more started an environmental group … and when
about wolves – cool! I’ve got a project to do
fruit and vegetables! When we plant the Xiuhtezcatl was only six, he even gave a speech
about them. Have you learned anything new
vegetables, we warn the students that they at a conference! He was so passionate about
about them?
won’t be ready for a few weeks or even the environment that he was able to stand up
B: Well, it says that generally, wolves worldwide
months and some of them might look wonky, in front of a crowd of adults and say what he
are doing OK although they are endangered
but most of them don’t seem to mind that! believed was right and wrong. It’s incredible to
in some American states. I think it’s highly
have such a lot of confidence at that age – and
3.5 unlikely that they will ever die out as a species
not only that, most kids of that age aren’t old
A: So everyone, I’m just going to ask you a few
enough to have clear ideas about things!
since there is such a big, wild population.
Also, they are a protected species in many

questions that relate to our lesson today.
As Xiuhtezcatl was growing up amongst the
countries around the world … so I’d say their
OK? So I’ll start with you, Richard. Can you
natural beauty of Colorado – the mountains, the survival is guaranteed.
tell me what your country exports to other
countries?
rivers and the forests – he understood that all
A: There is a huge population in Russia, isn’t
these natural resources didn’t belong to him but
B: Well, in our country we can’t grow some
there?
things like avocados. We have to import

that they were a giﬅ. They were too important
B: Yeah, around 30,000, so no worries there!
to ignore or be destroyed by humans.
certain things, like avocados. And I think we But in fact they’re spread throughout Europe
So he started to protest against climate change,
don’t make certain kinds of cheese. We get and Asia, as well as parts of Canada and the
feeling that he could perhaps speak for all the
Feta cheese from Greece? United States.
A: Thanks Richard. Now Susanna. Does our

other young people who care but who don’t
A: That’s good news! I’ve heard of a programme
know what to do about the problem. That’s my
country grow a lot of crops, do you know? to reintroduce the grey wolf in Yellowstone
generation and I think his voice is so important.
C: Well, I’m not really sure but I think we grow
National Park.
corn and wheat.

I had to laugh when Xiuhtezcatl talked about
B: Oh, that’s an amazing story and it’s been a
his younger brother Itzcuauhtli. Itzcuauhtli got
A: That’s correct Susanna. Now Mark. What is
so fed up with world leaders who promised lots
huge success. You can have this article to read
if you like, it’s all about that.

meant by the term ‘a consumer society’ – do
you know?
of things but didn’t take enough action that he
A: Oh thanks, that’s great. But of course, despite
decided to go on a six-week talking strike! That
D: Well, I think it means that it’s a type of society
was such a difficult thing for him to do since he
all the good news, we still have to make sure
that their natural habitat is protected and we

where people buy a lot of things all the time?
loved talking and would have a conversation with
A: Yes, that’s right. Maria – if you buy organic
anyone! However, what he did got the attention
don’t cut down all the forests and trees.
fruit and vegetables, what is special about

B: Sure, that goes without saying! If we chop
of thousands of people who decided to follow his
down all the trees, then they won’t have
them?
example and stay silent for a day or a week.
E: Um, well I think it’s when they are grown, er

I didn’t know this but Xiuhtezcatl also sings
anywhere to use as a wildlife corridor! But
fortunately, environmental groups and people

… naturally, without any pesticides.
with his sister, so obviously his whole family is
A: Great! You’re all doing really well today! Now dedicated to protecting the environment as
generally are much more into conservation
these days and they’ve got the message

Phillip – what time of year is the harvest much as they can through their actions and their
across that these creatures need to live and
usually? words. He explained that he writes songs to talk
move about freely in their packs.
F: Uuh … I think it’s the spring. about the important issues facing the world
A: Not exactly – can anyone help him out here?

A: I’m going to read that article now. See you!
and to create change. They’ve performed at the
D: I think it’s usually late summer isn’t it? Or early United Nations and at many different colleges
B: OK and don’t throw it away aﬅer you’ve
finished it, will you? I want it back!

autumn. throughout America and I’d really like to hear
A: Yes, that’s right. Phillip, I’ll give you another them one day. 3.12 and 3.13
chance to answer a question – what do we And of course he takes action too! When A: So shall we talk about the bats first? I
make coffee from? Xiuhtezcatl was fiﬅeen, he carried out a don’t really like them but I think they are
F: Coffee beans of course! campaign to ban the use of pesticides from the a protected species. We could learn more
A: Fantastic! You did really well, class. Now can local parks – and he won! That was truly amazing! about how they live and things like that.
we have a look at page … The truth is most of us don’t have enough B: Yes, that’s true. It’s important to protect
courage to try something like that, and succeed. different species even though we might not
3.7, 3.8 and 3.9
As he has said, sometimes it requires too much really like them! And what about finding
I was incredibly lucky a few weeks ago to hear a
effort to get people to change their minds and homes for caged hens and setting them free?
talk given by Xiuhtezcatl Martinez. He’s such an
that’s why many other people have given up. I know they suffer a lot in cages.
amazing guy and totally inspiring. For those of
Finally, you may not believe this but Xiuhtezcatl A: I think that would be fantastic! I’m sure
you who don’t know much about him, here are
talked for half an hour without looking at any everyone would be really keen on doing
some of the things I learnt.
notes. In fact, he didn’t have any with him at all! something like that. Sometimes we don’t
Xiuhtezcatl is a young hip-hop artist from
Not many professional speakers would do that! really realise the conditions some animals live
Boulder, Colorado, who also cares a lot about the
People have different reactions to Xiuhtezcatl – in so we can have our food.
environment. A very important part of his
many find him passionate, others find him B: You’re right there. OK, so shall we move on to
personality comes from his father’s Aztec
inspiring, but the word I’d use for him is … cleaning up beaches and parks? I hate seeing
roots, and his connection with that whole way
unusual. He’s one in a million! And it’s people like all those plastic bags on the beaches …
of life. He speaks three languages fluently:
him who can show us the way forward.
English, Spanish and Nahuatl. I found that really 3.14 and 3.15
impressive, for a start! 1 I want to be a vet, so over the holidays I’m
going to help look aﬅer the animals on my
uncle’s farm. I think I’ll learn a lot.
182
2 I’m a student at university but some falling out with them. Anyway, my relationship couple of days. But I’d be in hospital now – or
weekends I go and help an old lady with her with my friends was really getting me down, worse – if I’d made the opposite choice.
garden. A bit of digging is great exercise and so when my aunt and uncle invited me to go 5 When my school told us about an exchange
I also get some of my more creative ideas and stay with them in the capital, I thought – programme with a school in Finland, I
while I’m out there! And she always gives why not? It was half term at school and I really applied without really thinking about it. I
me a great tea aﬅerwards! needed a break. It was fantastic there – we never thought for a moment I’d actually get
3 China produces a lot of electricity from water went around the city to see the sights aﬅer selected. But now they’ve offered me a place,
power, and Brazil and Canada do too. It’s dark, which I’d never done before, and we saw and I don’t know if I should take it up. It’ll
great to use rivers and lakes in this way. a brilliant show at the theatre. My cousin Lucas mean three months away from home, and it
4 Well, you know they say that we are getting told me about an acting club that he does every might be brilliant. But I could get homesick – I
hotter summers and there is not so much ice summer holidays, and suggested I do it with really missed my friends and family last time
him this summer. That idea really cheered me I went away on my own, and that was only for
at the poles. But we’ve also just had a lot of
two weeks! And it can’t be very warm in Finland
snow here so it’s all a bit confusing really. up. When I got back home, I talked things over
in summer, because it’s so far north.
with my mates. I said sorry for being so sensitive
3.16
about their play, and they said sorry for talking 4.6
Hi, I’m Valentina. In three weeks’ time, it’ll be
about it all the time. I’m sure we’ll get on better A: Well, if I had to describe myself, I suppose I’d
the school holidays and I’ll be relaxing at my
again from now on … and hopefully I’ll be in a say I was fairly confident and outgoing but
aunt Santana’s hotel near the Picos de Europa
different play in the summer, too. generally – quite sensitive.
National Park – a paradise! I’m taking some
4.4 and 4.5

B: Yes, I’d agree with that! But your sister Mollie
school friends with me and I think they’ll love it
there. My aunt is really into ecotourism and her 1 Last year I had a lot of trouble with a group
is a bit different – she may be quieter but she’s
always doing something, always active and I’d

hotel is amazing! They’re self-sufficient in fruit of people in my class. They used to be my
say very sensible.
and vegetables from their organic farm, where mates, but that all changed. I don’t know
they don’t use any pesticides. Plus they look why, but they wouldn’t leave me alone. They
A: Hang on, Tom. Are you saying that I’m not
sensible?
aﬅer wildlife habitats in the area. You can see an kept saying horrible things to me – they
incredible variety of birds and butterflies on the could be so mean. It really got me down. I B: No, not at all! You know what you want, and
you go for it. Now that’s being sensible, I’d say.

farm, so I’m definitely going to do some painting kept it to myself for ages, but in the end I
while I’m there – hopefully, I’ll pick up some decided to tell my parents. I was really glad I A: Hmmm. Anyway, how would you describe
did. They persuaded me to talk to a teacher yourself, Tom?

techniques from my uncle, who’s a professional
artist. who managed to sort it all out, and things B: Well, if I’m being honest, I’m not that
are way better at school now. confident and I get a bit anxious in new
4.1 and 4.2
2 I‘m probably not a typical teenager, but I situations … but I’d say I’m generous and
1 Um … if you want to learn, you ought to ask
never have any difficulty making up my mind quite patient …
your local swimming pool if they do classes.
about things. I approach every decision in an A: Well, if you’re my friend, you have to be
I mean, you have to be a strong swimmer,
organised way. For example, I might write a patient! And I remember that really nice
but you don’t have to be big and strong. I’ve
list of the pros and cons of each choice – that present you got me for my last birthday, so
been doing it for four years now, and I’m
usually helps me to work out the best thing yes, I’d agree there.
able to rescue people that are much bigger
to do. And if not, there are always lots of B: Anyway, enough talk about what we’re like.
and heavier than me – I couldn’t do that a
people to ask for advice. I don’t mean friends How about going for a milkshake? Or shall we
few years ago.
or family. I find the internet more useful for go to the park? Or go and see Jack? I’m not
2 It’s a great activity for me because you don’t
advice, because there’s always someone out sure.
have to be that fast, but you do need to have
there who’s been through the same thing as A: OK, well no one could call you decisive so I’ll
good coordination. There are lots of rules you
you. choose: a milkshake!
have to follow – for example, you mustn’t let
3 I’m OK with big decisions, but I’m hopeless B: Done.
the ball touch the back of your stick and the
when it comes to things that don’t really
ball can’t touch your foot. If you want to start 4.7 and 4.8
matter. I spent about an hour in a shop the
playing, then you should join a club.
other day, trying to choose a birthday card
A: Do you think social events are useful for
3 I couldn’t play with both hands, but aﬅer

for one of my mates! Before I go to a party,
young people at school or college?
hours of practice, um, now I find it quite easy.

I always send photos of myself wearing
B: Yes, I think they’re a great idea. For example,
Um, I like playing in concerts now, but my first something like a multicultural feast is a
different clothes to friends. But whenever
one was quite stressful because, um, I forgot fantastic opportunity for young people to
someone says something nice about an
my music, so, and I should’ve printed it out at meet up and learn about other cultures as
outfit, I think they may be lying just to be
home, so I had to play it all from memory. well as to share different types of food.
kind! My friends must get so fed up with me.
4.3 4 People get stressed about the big decisions,

I: What do you think?
You know, sometimes getting away from but it’s oﬅen the little ones that change your
A: In my opinion, they don’t appeal to everyone
because there are some students who dislike

everything for a few days really helps you to see life. Take yesterday, for example. When I got
that kind of social event and prefer not to
things more clearly. It all started when I wasn’t onto my bike to go to school, I realised I’d
get involved. Personally, I’d go for a games
chosen for the school play. It really hurt, because leﬅ my cycle helmet inside. I almost went on
evening or something like that. It’s an easy
acting is my favourite thing in the world, and it without out it because I was running a bit
way to bring people together who might be a
was especially hard because my two best mates late, but in the end I rushed back in to get it.
bit socially nervous or anxious. It just depends
had got parts but I hadn’t. They were always Five minutes later, a car knocked me off my
on what you’re interested in, really.
talking about the play, and the fun they were bike. Because of my helmet I just got a few
having in it, and it made me so upset that I kept bruises – nothing serious. I should be fine in a
183
AUDIOSCRIPTS
4.9 and 4.10 prize for a story that she’d written. Some of the own life when they make a particularly useful
1 George is rarely unsure of what to do, he’s teachers who knew her expected me to have the point, or if I think they’ll be entertaining.
same ability, and I didn’t, so that got me down. When I stopped using shampoo, for example.
very decisive. Once he’s made up his mind,
that’s it!
But Mr Mill gave me lots of encouragement, and A: You stopped using shampoo? Why?
2 Aﬅer I had some skiing lessons, I felt a lot

let me write about things that really interested B: Well, I’d read about other people who’d
me, and it made all the difference. I had so much done it. In fact, they’d stopped buying other
more confident. I didn’t need to hang on to
more confidence aﬅer the year I had in his class, products considered essential by most of
someone all the time.
3 My aunt is very generous and always gives me

and actually started to enjoy writing. And then, us too, like toothpaste and soap. I started
of course, my handwriting got better because I washing my hair just with water instead of
great presents. I’m very lucky!
4 Emma is a very sensitive person – you have to

was practising it more, and well, now I’m quite a using shampoo, and I kept an online diary
good writer, I think. about it. But going without shampoo is

be extremely careful what you say to her.
5 I would call myself quite ambitious – I really 5.3 one way of saving money that I wouldn’t
want to do well in a career and get to the top! 1 I make notes aﬅer class to sum up what I’ve
recommend. Aﬅer a few weeks, my hair
6 Toby became a lot more independent aﬅer learnt. Then, before a test, I can look through
looked and smelled horrible!
going to a summer camp for a month. He them easily.

A: What ways to save money do you
surprised his mother when he got back by 2 My teacher talks really fast, so it’s hard to
recommend?
cooking and cleaning up aﬅerwards. keep up when I’m taking notes. I need to work
B: Well, people planning to save an amount
of money each month oﬅen forget their

out a way to write faster.
4.11
Hi, I’m Penny. I live in Greece with my family –
3 I was ill last week, and I’ve started to fall
good intentions and spend it anyway, even if
they’ve put it in the bank. So one tip is to give

behind with my school work. So I’m going to
that is, my parents and my older sister. We all the money that you’re saving to someone you
study at the weekend to catch up.
get on trust, like a parent. If they look aﬅer it for you,
pretty well, generally, although my sister used to

4 I know the homework’s difficult, but if you
it’s harder to change your mind. But make
just get on with it, it’ll soon be finished. Don’t
be a bit annoying when she was younger! There sure you write down how much you give
give up!
are definite rules in our house about what time them!
5 I can pick up new English vocabulary quite
I have to be back home if I go out, but I suppose A: And what’s your favourite idea for cutting
well. However, I’m hopeless when I have to
that makes sense. Certainly, if I disagree with your spending?
make up stories in English.
something, I’ll say so, but we usually talk things
B: It’s hard to pick just one favourite. Making
through and find a solution. 5.4 and 5.5 your own birthday cards for friends and family
My sister entered a TV talent show when she A: Today’s guest is sixteen-year-old Lena is a great idea … but I think the most useful
was seventeen and I couldn’t believe it when Lebowski, who writes a blog called ‘Crazy tip is to buy clothing second-hand on online
she won! Certainly, her life changed dramatically ways to save’. It’s all about how young people auction sites. You can find fantastic bargains!
aﬅer that and now she sings professionally. I can manage their money. Lena, what gave And this one’s good if you’re addicted to
really admire her and I’m sure she’s proud of you the idea for the blog? coffee like I am: invest in a coffee machine
what she’s achieved. B: I got the idea aﬅer my sister went away to and make a flask of coffee at home in the
At school, I’ve got a couple of close friends and university. She spent far too much money morning that’ll last you all day. Anyone doing
we do most things together. There’s a bit of at first, and then she had a really hard that can save a lot of money, because the
pressure to look cool – you know, you have to time financially. I found out that there coffee sold in coffee shops costs a fortune.
wear the right kind of clothes and so on, and were loads of people having the same A: Good tips! And one last question. You
that used to make me feel anxious. But I feel problems as my sister. And this was hardly a mention the ‘30-day rule’ in your blog. What’s
more confident about that sort of thing now. My surprise, because schools weren’t teaching that?
opinion is you shouldn’t worry too much about their students anything about money B: Basically, if you think you really want to buy
what other people look like. It’s impossible that management. I thought that was a shame – something, wait 30 days and then buy it if
everyone looks better than you do! Find your it’s such an important skill – so I decided to you still feel the same. Half the time, you’ve
own style and go with it. fill the gap. changed your mind by then. I’m not keen on
Most importantly, it isn’t necessary to listen to A: How do you find the time to write it? following the rule in January, when the sales
people who try to make you feel bad. Just walk B: Well, it isn’t easy, because I’ve got all my are on, but it’s usually brilliant. Although
away and be strong in yourself. That’s all that school work to do as well. That ought to come waiting 30 days can be annoying, it’s
matters. first, but of course sometimes something for stopped me buying all sorts of things that I’d
the blog is more urgent. I like to follow a strict have regretted.

5.1 and 5.2
My favourite teacher? Ooh, that’s a difficult one.
schedule when I’m working on something. B: Thanks for the advice, Lena.
Every thirty minutes, an alarm goes off on

I’m not sure I’ve ever had a favourite, but there’s
5.6
my phone, and I stop for five minutes before
one teacher who had a big influence on me at
starting again. If I don’t do that, I don’t use
A: So, do you think survival skills are worth
primary school. His name was Mr Mill, and he
learning at school?
my time efficiently and I start falling behind.
taught me when I was … um, hang on … about
A: Do you blog about your own experiences?
B: Well, I think it depends on your lifestyle really.
seven. He was tall and bald – middle-aged, I
suppose – and I thought he was great. It was a B: Not very oﬅen. I think people would get
What I mean is, if you do outdoor sports
– skiing, for example, or rock climbing – it’s

time when I really hated writing. People were bored pretty quickly if I was always writing
probably quite a good idea to learn to survive
always laughing at my handwriting, which was about myself! And I also think it’s important
in the wild. But if you’re not into outdoor
very difficult to read, so that didn’t help. And my not to share too much personal stuff on the
activities, there’s no point, really.
blog, so some of my life stays private. I usually
older sister, who went to the same school, was
write about people and issues in the news,
A: Actually, I disagree, because people
famous for her writing – well, famous with people
sometimes have accidents and need survival
but I do sometimes mention things from my
at our school, anyway. She’d even won a national
skills even if they don’t choose to spend their
184
time outdoors. What about if you ended extraordinary animals, so there are axolotls which disturbed everyone living nearby. All of
up on a desert island aﬅer a plane crash in laboratories all around the world. Sadly, the engineers tried to think of a solution, but at
or something? Skills like building a shelter, however, their amazing abilities haven’t helped first none of them succeeded. It’s quite funny
and finding food and safe water to drink, them survive in the wild. They live only in the that in the end the solution was found because
might save your life. So surely they’re more lakes near Mexico City, and these lakes are one of the engineers was into birds. He saw
important to learn at school than subjects very polluted. In 1998, scientists found 6000 how the kingfisher – a bright blue creature with
such as chemistry and literature. axolotls per square kilometre, but ten years a long beak – would dive into the water, hardly
B: Yes, I suppose you’re right. But many schools later they found only a hundred. These animals making a splash. So a few changes were made
aren’t suitable for learning survival skills. were disappearing fast. The scientists created a to the design of the train to give it a long nose
What I’m trying to say is, schools don’t have safer environment for the axolotls by cleaning at the front. This made the train much quieter
the right facilities. Take fishing, for example. the water in parts of the lakes. But this didn’t – and every household living near a tunnel was
It’s a really useful survival skill, but there’s no seem to help. Last year the scientists found grateful to the kingfisher!
way you can learn to fish at a typical school. no axolotls at all. Today, however, we finally Each animal has different challenges. In the
There’s not always a safe place for lighting have good news. The scientists have seen two desert, where there’s little water, of course,
fires, either. axolotls in the lakes! They intend to keep looking the challenge is to avoid drying out. There’s
A: That’s a good point. But I still think it’s a until April, so they may find more. If people can a black beetle in Africa that has a clever way
great idea to teach those things at school if avoid polluting the water in the future, perhaps of doing this. Whenever the fog comes in –
possible. And I can’t help thinking it would the axolotls have a chance. and yes, that does sometimes happen in the
be fun to get out into the fresh air and learn desert – the beetle puts its back up so that
6.3 and 6.4
something practical for a change.
1 Humans pay a lot of money for gold
a little water from the air runs down into its
mouth! Designers of camping equipment have

5.7 jewellery, but for some animals, a metallic
imitated this idea and have made a special
A: So, Olivia, when can we get together to work look comes naturally. There are species of
bottle that can catch the drops of water on a
on our project? Tuesday night? beetle, for example, that look as if they are
tent from the early morning dew. This helps
B: No, sorry, I do St Luke’s then.
covered in shiny gold. Avoid touching them
people who are camping a long way from any
A: St Luke’s? What’s that?
if you want to take a photo, though. If they
other water source.
B: It’s a club where you learn about first aid. I’ve

are disturbed, they turn a duller red-brown
You probably haven’t heard of the boxfish, and
colour.
been doing it since I was twelve. That’s the
I hadn’t either. But yes, there’s a fish that’s a
youngest you can start.
2 For a baby buffalo, being caught by a group
sort of square shape, like a box, and although
A: I know first aid’s really useful – but isn’t it

of lions means almost certain death. But
few square things can move fast, this fish can
last week a tourist in Tanzania, East Africa,
a bit boring to practise it for hours every actually move through the water at a surprising
watched a lucky little buffalo escape this
week? speed! It’s incredible! It gave the manufacturer
B: No, not at all. It’s fun. We play games, there

cruel fate. When three lions attacked the
Mercedes-Benz the idea for a new car, called
baby, the other buffaloes ran away – except
are quizzes sometimes, and the coolest the Bionic. The vehicle is small and square, but it
for the baby’s heroic mother, who decided to
nights are when we do special effect make- moves really well.
fight all three lions. With some well-placed
up like they have in films – you know, to make
Bats have also been the inspiration for a
kicks, she rescued her baby, and aﬅer a
it look like someone’s had an accident, so clever invention. I must admit, I find these
few minutes the other buffaloes returned
we can practise first aid on them. We oﬅen little flying mammals rather scary, but for a
and helped her drive the lions away. Great
enter competitions against people from lot of people, the way they find their way in
teamwork, guys!
other groups, too – there are loads of St
Luke’s groups around the country learning

3 A lot of artists think they work hard, but
the dark, using neither sight nor smell, is cool.
They make sounds, too high for humans to

none of them are as hard-working as the
first aid. We hardly ever win, but on nights hear, and then listen carefully as these sounds
Japanese pufferfish. A male fish works
when there’s a competition, all the team has are reflected off the objects around them.
twenty-four hours a day for a week or more
a meal together aﬅerwards, and everyone This technique can now be used by humans.
to make a beautiful sandcastle on the ocean
gets on really well when we eat out. It’s A high-tech stick has been invented that
floor. The sandcastle is shaped like a wheel
great! And then on Saturdays I sometimes makes sounds and analyses the sound that is
and is decorated with shells. Although this
go and help with the first aid at community reflected back. It can help blind people who
artistic fish is only 12 centimetres long, his
events – you know, like sports matches or carry it to avoid crashing into objects. Brilliant!
sandcastle measures about 2 metres across.
festivals. I helped at the marathon in June.
Finally, I’m sure you’ve seen a lizard running
If all goes well, his work of art attracts a
You can’t go to events until you’re sixteen,
along a wall, either near your home or when you
female, who then lays her eggs in the central
but it’s really exciting to be able to use the
were on holiday. Perhaps you’ve even seen one
part of the sandcastle. Amazing!
skills you’ve learnt in the real world.
running across the ceiling! I’ve oﬅen wondered
A: Wow! That does sound good. Maybe I should 6.5, 6.6 and 6.7 how they do this, and now I’ve found out. They
join. Is it expensive? Hello, everyone! I’m Nina and I’m here to tell you have millions of tiny hairs under their toes,
B: Not too bad. £75 for the year, and that about my Year 9 science project, which looked which means they can stick to a surface without
includes your uniform. I pay a bit less than at different ways people have been inspired by falling off. This idea was used by scientists to
that, though. My family gets a discount the natural world in the things they’ve invented develop a material that sticks to things really
because my brothers go to the club too. or developed. I’ve discovered some fascinating strongly. They call it Geckskin, aﬅer a type of
things! I hope you enjoy hearing about them. lizard called a gecko. One day soon, we may be
6.1 and 6.2
First, there’s the bullet train in Japan. That’s able to put on Geckskin gloves and climb walls,
And our last news story tonight is about a
a type of train that goes very fast, over 300 just like Spiderman!
type of water lizard with incredible powers:
miles per hour. In the early days there were So, those are a few of the interesting things I
the axolotl. When axolotls lose a leg or eye,
problems with it because when it came out found out. Thanks for listening!
their body lets them grow a new one. A lot
of a tunnel at high speed, it made a loud noise
of scientists are interested in studying these
185
AUDIOSCRIPTS
6.8 and 6.9 2 It would be five floors: it’d be three floors up good time, and generally my three years of
A: Do you think smartphones are a bad and two floors down. The basement would German at school were enough for basic
have a swimming pool and a tennis court; it communication. Once, however, Eva seemed
influence on modern life, like my dad says?
B: Well, that’s a tricky question because it’s

would have a gym and a gaming room and upset about something and I just couldn’t
it would have a very big garden. The house find the right words to make her feel better.
not really the smartphones themselves that
would have seven bedrooms and a very big I wish German was an easier language to
are the problem – it’s how we use them. I
living room. learn! Anyway, apart from that, as teenagers
love my phone, but I can see that there are
cons as well as pros. For example, people

3 I wouldn’t have had a wall between the we all enjoyed similar things. You know,
kitchen and the living room because I think everyone says that people are different in
don’t go out much because they spend all
it’s nice that you could relax in the living other countries, but I don’t think they’re
their time communicating on their phones,
room and cook in the kitchen at the same right!
not meeting up in real life. Smartphones
probably make us do less exercise.

time. I would’ve had a smaller… house, 3 I went to France with my parents and my
A: I partly agree, but on the other hand,

separate – or room, separate, so that I could two younger cousins once. I thought it was
have guests staying and be separate in going to be a bit of a pain – you know, being
smartphones encourage some people to do
their own area. And I would’ve had en suite with the cousins all the time. However, the
more exercise, because they use a fitness
bathrooms for all the bedrooms. owner of the hotel where we were staying
app that shows how far they’ve run, or how
had teenage children so I spent time with
many steps they’ve walked. Those apps
7.3
them. I’d studied French at school but these
can be really good if you want to get fitter,
Well, what I want to do – and don’t laugh – is to
teens used quite a lot of words that I hadn’t
and there are lots of other cool apps that
turn our garden hut into my own private ‘den’,
learnt – you know the sort of language
help you learn about the stars, or practise
so to speak. My parents have said they don’t
teenagers speak! ‘If only they would use
a foreign language. There’s nothing wrong
really need it for storage space so that’s fab. In
normal French!’ I oﬅen thought to myself.
with using a smartphone for things like that.
other words, it would be a place for me and my
B: Yes, that’s true. But what about friendships? friends to hang out – and no one else! And I’ve
But funnily enough, I ended up teaching my
friends back at home what I’d learnt and

Do you think smartphones are bad for our drawn up some plans!
they thought it was great!
social lives?
A: Well, in some ways I do. Last week I was out

So briefly, this is what I imagine. First of all, I’d
4 Last year we moved house and went to live
tidy it up, get rid of the spiders – Eek! – and paint
in a different town. It was horrible! I missed
with some friends, and we hardly spoke to it. Hopefully, my friends will help me with that.
my old friends at first and my parents were
each other because we were all busy with And I don’t think the limited space inside will
getting worried. But then I started going
text conversations on our phones. feel cramped once all the rubbish has gone. I’m
B: Yeah, I’ve had the same experience. It’s a bit hoping that it will seem quite roomy. Then, I’d
to modern Greek classes on Saturdays
because we have some relatives in Greece.

of a shame when that happens. start to make it mine. I’d put up some of my
I used to take my dog along, too, and he’d
A: But when you’re feeling lonely, it’s great to favourite posters on the walls, I’d hang some
sit quietly and listen! The other people in
have your phone with you, because there’s cool curtains at the windows and I’d find an
the class loved him and that kind of broke
always someone you can chat to. old bench to put outside so I could sit there
the ice. Then we all started talking about
and watch the sunset! To sleep on, all I want is
6.10 how to look aﬅer pets – in Greek! I still wish
a mattress on the floor covered with loads of
1 I work in a laboratory where we are trying sometimes that hadn’t moved but … things
blankets. Oh yes, and I wouldn’t mind a fluffy
to clone the genes of extinct species of are getting better.
rug as well for the floor. I’d put my favourite
mammal such as mammoths.
collection of comic book figures in a little
5 I spent two weeks away from home last
2 Researchers put cameras in the rainforest

cabinet or maybe on a shelf and then I’d really
summer at a sports and language summer
so that they could secretly observe the camp. Every morning during class, we were
feel at home. Too much stuff would make it look
behaviour of chimpanzees. only allowed to speak the language we were
messy and I really want to keep it looking neat.
3 Experts predict that temperatures will
I’m dying to get started so watch this space for
learning – Italian, in my case. I said lots of
continue to rise until we stop putting wrong things but my motto is that if you
any updates on my progress!
substances that cause global warming into want to learn something properly, you just
the atmosphere. 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6 have to stick with it and take a few risks. I’d
4 Some people believe it is morally wrong to 1 My father got a job abroad when I was ten rather do that than not open my mouth at
experiment on animals, because it causes and the whole family moved with him for all, as some students did! Anyway, aﬅer two
them unnecessary pain. They think we a couple of years. It was scary and I really weeks I’d improved a lot and my tennis skills
should find other ways to investigate new missed my best friends at school. Still, had got better, too! I wish I was going back
scientific ideas. looking back, I suppose we all settled down there next summer!
5 If we want to stop people getting

quite fast into our new environment. Of
7.7
course, things were kind of difficult at first
this,infection we need to establish how
because of the language barrier – the local
A: That trip was a bit of a disaster, wasn’t it?
people are spreading it to each other.
language was Spanish and I only spoke
B: Hmmm.
7.1 and 7.2

English – and some lessons were a bit tricky.
A: Well firstly, you didn’t really plan the holiday
1 I would live in Australia if I could live

Aﬅer only a short time though, both my
carefully and we spent a lot of time in the
anywhere. Um, I’d live in Sydney because, uh, car.

brother and I were quite fluent and things
it’s very near the beach and it’s also very near got back to normal. If only I could still speak
B: Hmmm.
the city so I’d be able to have a social life and Spanish as well now! A: Secondly, you took the wrong road to the
see all my friends but I would also be able to

2 I was fiﬅeen when I first travelled abroad
hotel and we got there very late.
visit the beach. Um, and I grew up there, so I

without my parents. I went with a friend to B: Uh-uh.
lived there when I was younger, and I know a

stay with our e-pals in Germany. We had a A: And thirdly, you put your bag down at the
lot of people there so I’d be able to see them airport and someone stole your phone!
as well.
186
B: Don’t remind me! But who spelt her name A: Hang on … 750 divided by fiﬅeen equals … 4
wrong on her ticket so we had to spend B: Too slow! It’s fiﬅy. Let’s try an easier level! A: Freya, can you come and help build my desk?
two hours sorting out the problem? Whose 2 Right. First easy question: 4,000 minus 3,000 Look, I’ve followed the instructions, but the
luggage was too heavy? And who got the equals … er, 1,000. front of the desk is higher than the back. No
dates wrong at the hotel? 3 One million plus two million equals three one would design it like that. Some of the
A: Um … yes, well … fair enough! million, of course. Simple. legs must be the wrong length.
8.1 4 If you add thirty-seven to seventy-three, the B: Let’s see the instructions? … OK, so, here’s
a picture of the back legs, with five holes

A: OK. Let’s try and match the answers to the
answer is … umm, oh, 110.
questions. Any ideas?

5 for screws …
B: Well, I can do number one. A trillion is a

A: Right. What’s 200 multiplied by five? No, A: Yes, the pieces I used were exactly the
don’t use your calculator! same. Oh, hang on. My pieces have holes in
thousand billion, so that means there are
twelve zeros at the end of it. B: It’s… a thousand.

different places from the ones in the picture.
A: OK, that’s a good start. What else can we 6 B: Yes, but look … You’ve put the back legs on
do? A: OK, last one. Subtract one hundred from

the front and the front ones on the back.
B: Well, let’s try the one about seconds. There 1,201.

5
are 60 seconds in a minute, so … 3600 in an B: The answer is … it’s 1,101.
A: The talk about spy techniques was brilliant!
We learnt how spies used to use pigeons!

hour. 24 hours in a day so that’s … ummm …
A:
8.5 and 8.6
B: Pigeons?
Hang on, let’s do it on the calculator on my
1 A: Yeah! This was before there were many
phone. Sixty seconds in a minutes, multiplied
A: No, sorry, give me a minute. The camera isn’t
planes. So if spies needed to find out what a
by 60 minutes in an hour, times 24 hours in a
working. It’s been so unreliable recently. I
place looked like, who was there, and so on,
day, times 365 days in a year. 31 million, five
had it repaired last week, but now it’s got a
they got the area photographed by pigeons!
hundred thousand and something. So the
different problem. Stupid machine. I’ll have it
The pigeons were trained to fly over the
answer’s ‘about 30 million’.
repaired again tomorrow.
B: Great. What about the other ones?
B: I’m sure the repair guys will sort it out. But
area with cameras attached to their chests.
A: Oh, look! The formation of the Earth. We

what can we do about it now? We can’t wait
I couldn’t believe the pigeons were strong
enough, because cameras were so big back

learnt about that in science last year. It was a
for you to go and get it fixed. If I don’t get then.
few billion years ago, but not as many as 100
billion. The answer must be 4.6 billion.

this report recorded before four o’clock, my
B: Amazing!
B: OK. Two more to do.

boss will be furious. We really need to include
A: I know! People tried using bats, too, but
it in tonight’s show.
A: Well, I think it’s easy to guess these last ones.
A: It’s OK. I’ve got another camera in the van. I’ll
that didn’t work. They hardly ever flew the
right way!
There are definitely a lot more stars in our
go and get it.
6
galaxy than kilometres around the Equator.
2
B: Yes, so it must be about 100 billion stars
A: I’m going to try the laser beam challenge at
And now for the weather. It’s been a bit of a
problem of course, with those very strong winds

– wow! That’s such a lot! And 40,000
Penton Park on Saturday.
and sudden showers. Not much fun if you have
kilometres around the Equator.
B: That one where you have to walk across to be outside all day. Luckily, things are getting
8.2 and 8.3 the room without going through the laser calmer now and the rain is clearing. We’ve still
Imagine you live in a world in which numbers beams? got those grey skies and maybe a few odd
have disappeared. It’s as if they’d never been A: Yeah. showers this aﬅernoon, but in general, it will be
invented. ‘Great!’ you might think. ‘I won’t be B: I did it last month. It was so hard! I kept brighter and a little warmer today, so not too
expected to learn maths anymore!’ But there making mistakes and having to start again. bad. In the rest of the country, we’ll be looking
are some drawbacks, too. When a sports When you do it, don’t take any steps until at the same kind of …
match is being played, you won’t know who’s you’ve thought about it a lot. That’ll work 7
winning and who’s losing. There’s no money, so better than walking straight forward and A: So, to write secret messages, you dip a little
everything is swapped, not bought or sold. And trying to get over or under the beams, which stick in a few drops of lemon juice, like this,
you aren’t going to be given any presents on is what I tried. and then write … let it dry. Then look, there’s
your birthday – there are no birthdays without A: Oh, OK. nothing on the paper now. But if you hold
calendars, and no calendars without numbers. B: I reckon you’ll do it in less than 20 minutes, it over a light bulb or torch, like this, the
Still happy? Since numbers are needed to write anyway. That’s what it took me. What a message appears like magic!
computer programs, there are no video games, nightmare! B: Wow! I thought you’d need special
no mobile phones, no internet. And without 3 invisible ink or something, but doing it with
mathematical calculations, say goodbye to tall
A: What time’s your train? lemon juice is so easy. It’s great! I bet this
buildings, long bridges, good roads and fast
B: 10.42. Can we leave here at quarter past, technique’s really old, too. Do you know
transport – none of these things have been
because I have to buy my ticket when I get when it was invented?
built. A world without numbers would be
to the station? Last time I caught a train, A: No, but I know it’s been used for at least
unrecognisable.
only one of the ticket machines was working 1400 years.
8.4 and there was a long queue. 8

1 A: OK. Have you got cash? A: What an interesting day! I’d never come
A: OK. Let’s try the game on this app. The faster B: Yes. I’ve worked out how much the ticket across number puzzles like those before. My
you answer, the more points you score, so will be with my discount card, so that’s OK. I brain needs a rest now, though.
we’ll have to be quick! haven’t got any money for lunch, but I’ve got B: Yeah, I know what you mean. But I learnt
B: OK. Go! What’s 750 divided by fiﬅeen? a few snacks in case I get hungry, so I’ll be loads today, and I met some great people
fine. too. There are so many advantages to an
event like this.
187
AUDIOSCRIPTS
A: Absolutely! It’d be great to do it again next 9.1 and 9.2 S: Over the moon! We’ll have all the normal
year. 1 Well, when my friends heard that I was going lessons there, but we’ll also have extra
B: It might not be so good a second time, to a festival in Gibraltar, they all started telling
training in music, dance and theatrical
though. By the way, what happened to studies – which I’ve done a bit of anyway.
me things like,‘Oh, be careful because the
Mario? I haven’t seen him since lunch. It will be weird being away from my family
monkeys might take your things’, and so on!
A: Didn’t you hear? He had his mobile stolen! Then of course I really wanted to climb the
for the first time and staying at the school
He went to report it to the police. during term-time … and I hope I’ll manage to
famous rock while I was there, and they said
B: Oh no! that was a bit dangerous. But I did it, and it

stay in touch with friends.
was fun! I: Tell us about your musical experience, Sara –

8.7 and 8.8
1 2 I went to a pop festival in the UK last
you play the guitar, don’t you?
I took part in the Kayak Adventure. We had
summer and I was lucky because my friends S: Sure, well, I started learning the guitar in
to wear a helmet and … a special type of
gave me some really good tips. Things like, my early teens and I learnt songs just from
clothing that keeps you safe in water. Umm,
I should bring my own food to save money. listening to them. I spent hours working
what’s it called? A life jacket. We had to go
Also, I shouldn’t forget a raincoat and out the notes until they were perfect. I just
right around the lake in our kayak, as fast as
suncream! With British weather, you just wanted to be really good at the instrument –
possible. I didn’t win, but it was a lot of fun.
never know. even though it was tough sometimes. Now I
2 We were in the Mud Race. We had to run
through lots of mud, so we got quite cold

3 I went with some friends to a festival in play the guitar in a band. I write the lyrics for
Ireland and when we arrived there, it was our songs sometimes, but my real love is the
and dirty. And we had to climb over and
clear that no one had expected so many guitar.
under lots of … what are they called, things
people to turn up. We ended up staying in I: So you play in a band too. Has that been
that are in your way? Obstacles, that’s it.
a hotel in a nearby village because there difficult?
That was really tiring! We didn’t win, but it
just wasn’t enough room on the site for S: Well, of course finding time can be hard
was a good challenge.
everyone. All in all, it was a disaster and we when we’ve got our schoolwork to do, but
3 Our team was in the Football Cup. I scored
flew back earlier than planned. Because the we’re all mad about music so we manage
four goals, which was amazing. The other
whole thing had been my idea, my friends to somehow. We had a problem in the
people who were taking part, the … um,
blamed me for not organising the trip beginning because we were too noisy, but
participants, were all very competitive, but
properly! That wasn’t fair! now my dad lets us use the garage so we can
we came second in the end.
play loudly there and not disturb people. It
4 I was in the Robot Challenge. The place 9.3
would be awesome if the band could carry
where the competition was held … you A: Hey, what are you reading?
on playing, but it might be more difficult
know, the venue … was like a big hall. There B: An anime novel. Here, have a look.
aﬅer I start at the school in September.
were loads of teams! My team’s robot was A: Oohhh! I love the artistic skill that goes
I: Had you done much acting before you got
really good, and we came top in our age into the images here. It must take ages to
into the school? How did you feel about
group. illustrate one of these books.
that?
8.9 B: And you really need a vivid imagination to

S: Yes, a friend persuaded me to join a teenage
A: Hi Mateo! Do you want to meet up later?

think up some of these plots!
theatre group, but I didn’t know if I’d be
B: Oh, hi Salman. No, sorry, I can’t today. There’s

A: Yeah, it’s a real fantasy world, isn’t it? But
any good. I told Cathy, the organiser of this
somehow, you can still identify with the
too much going on at home. We’ve got the group, that I hadn’t had any previous acting
characters and I think that’s the secret of
police here at the moment. experience, but she wasn’t too worried. As
A: The police?! Why?

their success. I mean, they’re part of pop
it turns out, I seem to have a hidden talent!
culture now, aren’t they?
B: Well, last night we had our kitchen window
We went on a theatre trip recently with my
broken by a thief and I had my mobile stolen.

B: Just like street art. But I’d prefer anime any school to see a Shakespeare play – and it was
day. I’ve built up quite a collection now.

A: Oh no! Did anything else get stolen?
brilliant!
A: Oh and by the way, there’s a one-day I:

B: No, but we think that was because my mum
animation course on at the college this
What do you think about acting, Sara? Is it a
bit like games you played when were a child?

came downstairs when she was woken by
the noise of the window breaking. The thief

weekend. It’ll be an incredible learning
S: I certainly get a buzz from the audience – I
experience. Shall we go? We can create our
just love it when they laugh or even cry!
ran away when he was disturbed.
own cartoon characters!
A: So what are the police doing about it?
And it is similar to a child’s game where you
B: Awesome! Let’s do it!

B: One detective is looking for clues in the
pretend to be another person for a short
time. Rehearsals, of course, are tiring … but

kitchen at the moment, and my sister is 9.4, 9.5 and 9.6
having her details recorded by another. It’ll I = Interviewer S = Sara as an adult, now I understand more about
be my turn in a minute. But it’s really cold in I: Today we have in our studio Sara Greenway, the whole process.
the kitchen with the window broken. a local student. At the age of sixteen, Sara
I: I know you do some hip-hop as well. Is it as
A: Can you get it repaired soon? has recently won a scholarship to a top
easy as it looks?
B: Yes, mum and dad have been sorting that performing arts school. Welcome to our
S: Actually, it’s a form of dance that is just as
difficult as professional gymnastics, although

out. They’re having the window repaired programme, Sara!
tomorrow aﬅernoon, and they’re having a S: Thank you, Leo.

lots of people don’t realise that … and that’s
new burglar alarm installed on Thursday. I: How do you feel about getting into the
why I go swimming to keep fit! You’ve got to
be one hundred percent passionate about

A: And what about your phone? Is there any school?
it, otherwise there’s no point in trying. Some
chance of getting it back?
people I know make it look easy ’cos they’re
B: Probably not, but hopefully I’ll be able to get
really flexible but I know what has gone on
a new one soon.
behind the scenes, so to speak.
188
I: So I guess you’ll be taking part in the school because I was quite nervous! Their art was a bit found fascinating because they can tell us a lot
shows? What do you think you will get from unusual and not what I would call mainstream about Maya customs.
them? but they had complete commitment to what From the works of art that have survived, you
S: Yes, the school puts on a number of shows they were trying to do. I admired them for that! can see that richer Maya liked to wear colourful
each year and I know that talent spotters clothing made from animal skins, decorated
9.12
turn up to these events. Since they’ll be with feathers. The person who wore the tallest
Sam, help! It’s Emma. I’m at the cinema with my
looking for promising young performers, hat was considered the most important. I think
friend Kate. We’re just waiting for the film to
I hope I can improve my dance technique that’s quite funny!
start. It’s a cartoon and there are loads of young
enough to impress them! You know, it’s I also saw some examples of Mayan writing
kids here, and they’re being very noisy. They’re all
a bit like entering a competition because at the exhibition. It looks quite like Ancient
eating popcorn and one boy has already spilt his
everyone else will be really good too and Egyptian, but interestingly, it works in a
drink over my new boots! I’m furious! But we’re
you have to win the attention of the completely different way, according to historical
going to stay and watch the film as we’ve paid for
talent-spotters. I know that a show involves researchers.
the tickets. Wish me luck! I bet you’re glad you’re
working with the other performers to make For relaxation, the Maya enjoyed music, and
not here!!
sure it will be a success but in the end, you’ve played a variety of musical instruments. You can
got to stand out as an individual too. 10.1 see this from some of the decorated vases and
I: Good luck, Sara. Hi, everyone. For my talk today, I’m going to tell sculptures at the exhibition. They had hundreds
S: Many thanks, Leo. you about the Maya exhibition that I went to. It of different dances, too, which were oﬅen given
was brilliant. animal names. One guide talked a lot about the
9.8
I already knew that the Maya people lived in Monkey Dance, which is still performed today. I’d
A: Shall I start?
Mexico and Central America, but I didn’t know love to see it!
B: Yes, fine.
how old their civilisation was. It’s been 3,000 It’s strange how the Maya were completely
A: OK, so what do you think about working as
years since it first began, which is much longer different from us in many ways, but in other
an extra on a film set? I think that would be a
than I’d expected, and it lasted for almost 2,000 ways they were just like us! They shared our love
fantastic experience.
years. Luckily, enough buildings and objects of ball games, and built giant courts where they
B: Yes, I agree. Especially for any teenagers who have survived from that time to give us a would hold special sports events. Big crowds
are interested in acting and who might want good picture of what their life was like. Their could sit and watch the matches on either side
a career in the theatre or films. They could civilisation is interesting for several reasons. of the playing area. In the city of Chichen Itza,
find out more about what goes on behind
The Maya lived in the rainforest, surrounded by archaeologists have discovered thirteen of these
the scenes. And if you’re an extra, you can
dangerous wild animals. The jaguar was king of amazing buildings!
get experience without having to play a
the jungle, and was greatly feared and respected The Maya civilisation eventually collapsed
particular role.
by the Maya. I noticed several stone jaguars at around a thousand years ago, perhaps because
A: Great. Now what about the next one … ? the exhibition, and it was fascinating to find of a long period without rain. But the Ancient
out that in Maya culture this beautiful animal

9.9 Maya are the ancestors of many people alive
A: A lot of teenagers are interested in events

was a symbol, not of terror, but of power. The today, who carry on the traditions as best as
rainforest itself certainly wasn’t a relaxing place they can.

like concerts, aren’t they? So perhaps the
to live. I’m amazed that these people were able
events manager might be popular. What’s
to cope with the weather conditions, which
your opinion?
B: Yes, that might be possible. Working with a

changed from heavy rain to baking heat and
months without a drop of water. It seems to me

fashion designer would be really interesting
to be such a tough place to survive in! However,
as far as I’m concerned but a lot of teens
despite all the hardships, they managed to farm
wouldn’t agree with that. I think that
the land so successfully that a population of
working as an extra on a film set has the
several million people was able to live there.
wow factor, don’t you?
A: Yes, certainly. I’m not so enthusiastic about

The Maya built some fascinating architecture.
One of the most interesting objects in the

the other options.
exhibition was a model of a Maya pyramid which
B: OK, so shall we decide?
is still standing. It’s called the El Castillo pyramid
A: Yes, let’s go for the film extra and the events
and the real thing in Mexico is hardly damaged
manager.
at all, even though it’s really old. When they see
B: Great. I agree.
it, some people describe it as impressive, but I
9.10 and 9.11 just thought – that’s massive! It has four sides,
Well last month, I volunteered to write an article and each side has a staircase. Including the
for our student magazine about a new art final bit at the top, the total number of steps
gallery that opened up in our town. I contacted is exactly the same as the number of days in
the gallery before I went there and arranged the year – 365. Is that by chance? I don’t think
to conduct an interview with a couple of the so. The Maya people were very interested in
artists. I thought I was really well-organised! The measuring time and making calendars, so I’m
gallery was open to the public every day except convinced it was designed this way on purpose.
Monday so I went along on a Tuesday evening. The Maya also built enormous palaces for their
I met a couple of the artists who were really kings and other important people. They used to
friendly and helpful. I was so grateful to them decorate them with awesome carvings. They’d
also cover the walls with huge paintings, which I
189
IRREGULAR VERB LIST
Verb Past simple Past participle Verb Past simple Past participle
be was/were been lose lost lost
become became become make made made
begin began begun mean meant meant
bring brought brought meet met met
build built built pay paid paid
buy bought bought put put put
catch caught caught read read read
choose chose chosen ride rode ridden
come came come ring rang rung
cost cost cost run ran run
cut cut cut say said said
do did done see saw seen
draw drew drawn sell sold sold
drink drank drunk send sent sent
drive drove driven show showed shown
eat ate eaten shut shut shut
fall fell fallen sit sat sat
feed fed fed sleep slept slept
feel felt felt speak spoke spoken
fight fought fought spend spent spent
find found found stand stood stood
fly flew flown steal stole stolen
forget forgot forgotten swim swam swum
get got got take took taken
give gave given teach taught taught
go went gone/been tell told told
have had had think thought thought
hear heard heard understand understood understood
keep kept kept wake woke woken
know knew known wear wore worn
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned win won won
leave leﬅ leﬅ write wrote written
let let let
190

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Pearson Education Limited Cover Images: Front: Getty Images: Jordan Siemens

GXP_B1P_SBK_IMP.indd 1 14/09/2018 11:44

Unit Reading Grammar Vocabulary

this … skill: checking options against comparative and superlative

the text forms: adjectives and adverbs adverbs (p30)

phrasal verbs (p44)

Jamaica prepositions (p55)

skill: identifying key words word formation: adjectives

relative clauses (p68) verbs (p69)

task: gapped text uncountable nouns (p72)

about free-time about favourite yourself

activities activities, plans, hopes

(p15) each other countryside

(p16) answers explaining a result

task: interview task: opinion essay

the truth (p29) activities and situations wrong

task, using the ﬁrst and similarities and language

second listening diﬀerences

task: multiple matching task: long turn

environmentalist activities future, the way forward

detail expressing agreement article, using topic job

and preference sentences

completion task: collaborative task task: article

mind (p57) together satisfaction

task: multiple matching task: essay

management school arts

semi-formal register popular activities

task: semi-formal letter

Unit Reading Grammar Vocabulary

give you superpowers (p82) endings (p83)

of a section of text (p85) beginning withdis-/re- (p86)

spaces furnishings, synonyms and

phrases to ﬁnd the correct and requests (p127)

task: multiple matching

10 Learning from the topic: the woolly mammoth

past skill: understanding text

task: gapped text

Grammar ﬁle page 144 Speaking tasks page 173

Extend vocabulary page 162 Audioscripts page 179

Exam ﬁle: writing page 167

inspired by nature (p85) technology

task: sentence task: discussion

languages (p99) yourself visit to a place future

positive or negative (p100) about yourself informal register space

ideas and opinions

task: multiple matching

words (p114) comment

task: multiple choice task: essay

school (p127) festivals management

meaning (p128) review, using interesting scene script

topic: the Maya open cloze topic: history topic: stories, my

civilisation favourite room

skill: extracting key questions on a topic, skill: writing a short

a presentation word formation discussing a topic to an email, writing an

completion turn; collaborative task; task: story, email or

1 Prepare three sentences about activities you like to do: two

sentences. Can they guess which one is false?

2 Match ﬁve of these words with the pictures (A–E). Work

in pairs. Have you done any of these things or something

similar? Which one would you like to try?

for long. advert certificate

Class Ticket type Adult

1 What does the quote mean? Is it true for you?

2 What exciting activity would you like to try?