THE CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION

LIST OF
PATENTED
RESEARCH AND INVENTIONS

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 APPROVED PATENTS AND ABSTRACTS

1.

Title of Invention: Fish Feed Pelleter

Name and Inventors and Department: Dr. Oyin Olukunle

Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Faculty of
Agriculture & Forestry, University of Ibadan.

Abstract
The invention relates to a rotary pelleting machine comprising a drivable pelleter with varying
effective die, in this case, the effective diameters of each die are o.9cm (a1) and 0.8cm (a2)
respectively. The disc rotates about a common rotational axis C which serves as a filler device
for filling the die(s) with the materials to be compressed and pelleted. Inside the filler is the shaft
(h) that works like a worm passing and pushing the material under pressure from the grinding
chamber (g) into the filler, on to the rotational axis (c) and finally to the dies. The
pelleter/grinder (1 and 3) is powered by a single phase electric rotor (2) attached and driven by
an inter-changeable belt (4).

2.

Title of Invention: An Extruded Complementary Food Product for Controlling Linear

Growth Deficit (Stunting) among protein energy malnourished children
under Age Two

Name and Inventors and Department:Dr. G. L. Arueya

Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology,
University of Ibadan.

Abstract
Linear growth deficit (stunting) (<-2SD Units) related to malnutrition among Nigerian children
(6-24months) remain widespread with its negative implication for future National Development.
This work therefore produced and evaluated extruded soy-cocoa and corn starch complementary
food for controlling linear growth deficit in malnourished children. A ratio mix of 91:9 of soy-
cocoa intruded to achieve a pH of 6.2 was blended with industrial sugar to 53.0% of its weight
followed by preconditioning with water to attain feed moisture of 12% (dry wt. basis). The mix
was subjected to extrusion at feed rate of 300kg/hr, barrel temperature 1200C – 1250C and
internal pressure 20.7 x 105N/m2. The extrudate (air-cooled, 280C) was milled, corn starch and
vitamins/mineral mix were added to achieve an overall recipe level of 40.0 and 0.1%
respectively. Its aggressive production and use in target population can make a significant
difference in Nigeria’s human capital formation.

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3.
Title of Invention: Waste to Energy through Community Level Biogas Plants from Organic Wastes

Name and Inventors and Department: Professor Mynepalli K. C. Sridhar andMr. Hammed B. Taiwo
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of
Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan.

Abstract
This invention focuses on development of anaerobic digestion technologies for the conversion of
several organic wastes and by-products generated in Nigerian communities into biogas and further
conversion of spent slurry arising from the digestion into organic fertilizer which may be used either in
liquid form or as solid form for agricultural application. The invention includes the process, design and
fabrication of the digesters. The technologies used were of two types: (a) a floating drum type digester
of various capacities ranging from 1m3 to 10m3 or more cubic metres capacities using locally available
plastic drums, and (b) a flexible biobag of varying capacities ranging between 1m 3 to 100m3, made up
of polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or tarpaulin that are strong, durable and long lasting with easy
operation and minimal maintenance. The raw materials tested have shown proven ability to produce
optimal biogas (50 to 70% methane) and minimal and acceptable levels of other gases (CO2, H2S and
water vapour). The digesters have the ability to use livestock wastes (cow dung, piggery waste, poultry
droppings, sheep and goat droppings), pet wastes (dog waste), crop residues (food crops, economic
crops, fodder and grasses), food wastes (restaurant wastes, fruit wastes etc.), water hyacinth, water
lettuce and other similar aquatic wastes. In addition, the biogas assembly has a feedstock mixing tank,
the spent slurry outlet tank, a special burner for cooking with biogas and safeguarding the biogas unit
from vector breeding and to appear aesthetically acceptable to the end users. The designs were
pretested in the laboratory, scaled up in the field and installed for community or institutional use. We
believe that this is a viable technology for promotion at household level, community and institutional
levels including small scale industrial level where energy recovery is planned. The technology has
tremendous potential as an alternative energy source, by-product recovery, waste minimization,
reduced land need for landfills, and development of ancillary industries to fabricate biogas friendly
appliances locally.

4.

Title of Invention: Reed Bed, Rootzone Or Constructed Wetlands Technology To Treat

Domestic Wastewater, Septic Tank Effluent And Industrial Waste Waters

Name and Inventors and Department: Prof Professor Mynepalli K. C. Sridhar1, DrAdedayo A.
Badejo2, Professor Akinwale O. Coker3, and Mr.
OkunromadeOlumade Noah1

Abstract
Reedbed technology (RBT) is also referred to as Rootzone Technology (RZT) or Vegetated Submerged
Bed Constructed Wetlands Technology (VSBCWT). In this technology selected plants either aquatic or
terrestrial, are used to purify waste waters, arising from domestic or selected industrial sources. In this

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invention domestic waste water arising from Institutions (University College Hospital and University of
Ibadan), septic tank effluent from University of Ibadan and an industrial effluent from a roofing sheet
manufacturing industry were assessed by using this technology to treat wastewaters containing organic
and inorganic pollutants. Phragmiteskarka, Canna indica, Cymbopogoncitratus, Pennisetumpurpureum,
and Vetiverianigritanawere used.Initial experiments at the laboratory scale were scaled up to pilot scale
and real life sizes. The efficiency was verified through four trials using varying volumes and types of
wastewater in situ. The treatments were monitored for 3 to 6 months to confirm the degree of treatment
efficiency before handing over to the organizations to own and operate.

In the first trial wastewater from University College Hospital was assessed. Filters measuring 2.73m x
2.51m x 0.8m depth were constructed and wastewater at 400 litres per day was passed through them.
Based on the parameters measured, viz. total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS),
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), ammonia (NH3), and phosphorus (P), it was shown that the
efficiency of the plants varied in the decreasing order Phragmiteskarka> Canna
indica>Cymbopogoncitratus>Pennisetumpurpureum. The BOD removal was the highest with
Phragmites, recording 96.2% and the lowest 81.9% with Pennisetum.

In the second trial, wastewater from University College Hospital using 5 beds . All the beds have a
uniform depth of 0.7m; the two cells at the edges were 310 x 340 cm while the remaining three were 250
x 340 cm each, they were well rendered to prevent percolation of wastewater. The beds were irrigated
uniformly with a pumping machine connected to a 150mm diameter PVC pipe. Each bed has 10-15 mm
sized granite overlaid by 0.2 m washed sand as media with 0.2 m void volume. For successful plant
establishment 1:3 mix ratio was also used; due to the results on the root and stem experiment a sand
material under laid by 15-25 mm sized 600 mm deep rounded granite (clean K = 100,000 m/d)
conducive for root growth was utilized for the treatment zone. Here Vetiverianigritana and
Phragmiteskarkawere selected from the previous experiments as their performance were shown to be
the highest. Wastewater composition varied considerably (pH 7.5±0.3, Nitrate 0.2±0.1 mg/l, Phosphate
3.9±2.5 mg/l, NH3 19.5±6.3 mg/l, SS 204.1±23.9 mg/l, DO 0.9±0.8 mg/l and BOD 310.6±29.9 mg/l).
The influent fed into thetreatment plant with BOD of 293.5 ± 20.43 mg/l was reduced to 53.83 ± 16.2
mg/l and 44.03 ± 17.5 mg/l for the beds with V. nigritana and P. karka respectively. Pollutant removal
recorded reduction of BOD 82.0% and 85.0%, TDS 72.0% and 73.0%, Phosphate 78.0% and 81.0%, and
Nitrate 61.0%and 65.0%. A large fraction of TSS was observed with a reduction from 213.5 ± 9.24
mg/l to 59.78 ± 10.15 mg/ and 57.64 ± 8.23 mg/l for V. nigritana and P. karka respectively.

In the third trial, performance of two layered reedbed consisting of waterproof sandcrete blocks (150 x
225 x 450) and granite was used to treat septic tank effluent at University of Ibadan. Here, P. karaka
was used. The quality of effluent showed a reduction of BOD >85%, nitrate 60 – 75% and indicated that
the treatment design can be made flexible to adapt to fluctuations in population size and the wastewater
quality.

Based on these experiences gained, a Reedbedwith a combination of P. karka, V. nigritana, and Canna
indicawas constructed to treat 6000 and 8000 litres of effluent per day in a 24 hours cycle from a
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roofing sheet industry. This effluent has low organic matter but contained lead, zinc and chromium.
Organic matter was supplemented by adding waste derived fertilizer to the beds. The results showed a
significant removal of heavy metals: Zinc was reduced by 55.7%, lead 15.4%, and chromium by 97.9%,
and the quality of effluent complied with the national guidelines. It is concluded that Reedbed
technology is viable and economic and is applicable for domestic wastewater, septic tank effluents and
industrial effluents containing toxic heavy metals.

5.

Title of Invention: A Pyrolytic Process And A Closed Drum Carbonizer For Biomass
Conversion To Char Briquettes

Name and Inventors and Department: Professor Mynepalli K. C. Sridhar andMr. Hammed B. Taiwo
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of
Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan.

Abstract
The presentinvention converts agro-forestry residues which are normally allowed to degrade at the point
of generation unattended or ploughed back into soil into briquettes useful for cooking and heating
purposes which when burnt will not produce smoke and reduces the emission of Greenhouse Gases
(GHG). The technology is simple and uses a used oil drum with chimney and starch based or clay based
(like kaolin) binder as ingredients. The materials we tested include but not limited to grass clippings,
fallen leaves, maize stalks and other wastes from farms. We listed over 20 such materials as feedstock
which have no major economic or food value otherwise. The process does not need electricity or any
mechanical devices and traps smoke generated for possible recycling or reprocessing into ink, shoe
polish and likes. The ash which is a by-product after use in the kitchen can be used as pesticideor
mineral fertilizer beneficial for enhanced crop production.We have field tested and also demonstrated at
an in-house training workshop for staff of one of the Ministries, in Oyo State, Nigeria. The participants
endorsed its value in uplifting communities to alleviate their fuel needs and also its use in preventing
bush burning which is common in the country with no legislation to prevent it. This technology is
environmental friendly as it reduces air pollution and has great potential for commercialization,
conservation of natural resources and employment generation among low income communities.

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6.
Title of Invention: The University College Hospital Bladder (UCH) Manikin® – A locally designed
teaching aid for suprapubic catheterisation in low resource countries

Name and Inventors and Department: E. OlubunmiOlapade-Olaopa1,2, 3, S. Adekola Adebayo2,

Ijeoma N. Chibuzo2, Augustine Takure1, 2, 3, Linus I.
Okeke1, 2, 3, Olayiwola B. Shittu1, 2, 3

Abstract
Emergency suprapubic catheterisation is an indispensable skill for medical practice. It may be done via
open or closed techniques. In Nigeria, majority of the general medical practitioners and non-urological
residents have no formal training in suprapubic catheterisation (SPC). A low-cost manikin was designed
locally for the purpose of training doctors in SPC. This paper describes the development of the manikin
and assesses its usefulness in teaching SPC.

7.

Title of Invention: Design and Fabrication of Waterless, Urine Diversion and

Composting Toilet with Anal Cleansing Device

Name and Inventors and Department: Professor Mynepalli K. C. Sridhar andMr. Hammed B. Taiwo
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty
of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of
Ibadan.

Abstract
For the first time in the country, the composting or waterless toilet was designed in such a way that
human faeces and urine will be diverted and converted to fertilizer and the users will use water for anal
cleaning if preferred without getting into the toilet bowl.The machine is built on channel frame divided
into two compartments. The first compartment consists of a bucket that is partitioned into two units:
urine collection bowl and faeces dropping bowl. The urine flows into a storage tank and the faeces drops
on to an augur attached hopper. The second compartment consists of a bowl for anal cleansing with
water if culture demands. Water is connected through a spray dispenser for limiting the water usage.
Other features of the machine are the sawdust bucket with paddle dispenser, a mechanical chain driver
mounted on the frame willcontrol the augur movement and sawdust dispenser. The gear unit drives the
auger and sawdust dispenser rides in a grease bucket. A user sits comfortably on the ‘faeces bucket’, and
defecates. On finishing, he or she will pull down the crank handle on the left side of the unit down once.
The handle through a ratchet operates a set of gears and chain and sprocket mechanism that
simultaneously dispense sawdust on the faeces and roll the augur a few cm towards the primary
composting tank where the faeces and saw dust mixture stays for a certain period. The function of the
augur is to mix the faeces with sawdust, promotes aeration of the mixture and transports the mixture to
the primary composting pit. The handle automatically returns to its initial position with the aid of a
helical spring. The contents of the primary pit are manually transferred at periodic intervals into a
secondary composting tank in a shed where it is cured to a compost quality acceptable for agricultural
use. The unit can also utilize any wood ash to replace saw dust.

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8.

Title of Invention: Design and Fabrication of a Low Temperature Incubator from

Abandoned Refrigerators for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod)
Determination in Laboratories

Name and Inventors and Department: Professor Mynepalli K. C. Sridhar andMr. Hammed B. Taiwo
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty
of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of
Ibadan.

Abstract

The present innovation utilizes scrap refrigerator that has been abandoned as a waste, constituting
nuisance in the environment, in fabricating a low temperature incubator for Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD) determination. In an embodiment, frame of discarded refrigeratorwas used to provide
support and space for materials to be incubated; frozen evaporator or copper pipe for cooling the system
and compressor (120 watts; 200/220 V) was installed to store and distribute gas to the entire unit.Flange
thermometer (-10oC- 50oC)measures both low and high temperature and gas (R600 or R22 or R134)
provides energy required for the system.The incubator is connected to electrical socket and immediately
the unit is connected, the running capacitor regulates current and voltage and then sends the signal to
compressor. Gas is agitated and set evaporator, condenser and fan motor into operation. This maintains
the machine at a regulated temperature. This equipment is very useful in many microbiological and
environmental health laboratories and is currently imported in Nigeria at a very high cost.

Title of Invention: Radio Frequency Identification Smart Graduation Certificate System

Name and Inventors: Adenike Osofisan, Seyi Osunade, Oluwashola David Adeniji, Eze Chika Victor

Abstract
Despite the serious risk that certificate forgery presents to the economy and the issuing universities, many
universities still do not have formal systems and procedures in place to prevent, detect and respond to certificate
forgery. While no system is completely fool proof, there are steps which can be taken to deter certificate forgery
and make it much less attractive to commit. One powerful tool that can be used to protect the integrity of a
certificate is the implementation of Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag on each issued certificate. This will
in turn reduce the population of certificate forgers as jt would be extremely difficult to implement. This project
delivers an efficient RFID based Smart Certificate for Graduating Students to reduce, if not eradicate, the problem
of forgery and fraudulent activities on certificates. Stoy Hayward’s (BDO) most recent Fraud Track survey found
that greed continues to be the main cause of fraud, resulting in 63% of cases in 2007 where a cause was cited. In
order to curb this problem, this research attempts to build a secured software tool that would protect the integrity of
graduating certificate by embedding an encoded RFID tag to each certificate before it is being issued.

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