HIGHER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES AND DISTANCE EDUCATION

Faculty of Engineering and Agriculture

Bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering

Smart Technology in Agriculture

Student: Buraimo Bacar

Cod: 91220752

Pemba, June 2022

HIGHER INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES AND DISTANCE EDUCATION
Faculty of Engineering and Agriculture
Bachelor's degree in Computer Engineering

Smart Technology in Agriculture

Fieldwork, of evaluative characteristic.

Englesh Chair - 1st Year - 2022.

Student: Buraimo Bacar

Cod: 91220752

Pemba, June 2022

Index
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4
Precision Agriculture .................................................................................................................. 5
Technology ................................................................................................................................. 6
Agricola Technology .................................................................................................................. 6
The importance of agricultural technology ................................................................................ 7
Technological innovations in agriculture ................................................................................... 7
Artificial intelligence .................................................................................................................. 8
Drones ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Sensors ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Blockchain Technology in Agriculture .................................................................................... 10
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 11
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 12
Introduction
The whole world has been undergoing a digital transformation that characterizes the era in
which we are living. Technology in agriculture is directly part of this context and advances in
stride, integrating with the most modern. Connected machines and equipment have been
increasingly responsible for the high incomes of agribusiness. The development of technology
and instruments for its application gives the necessary support.
There is no doubt that the challenges posed to agriculture will only be overcome with
the adoption of modern technologies. These technologies should ensure food security in perfect
harmony with environmental conservation.
This paper approaches Intelligent Technology in agriculture and aims to illustrate the
importance of technologies in agriculture, referring to the study on technological advances in
the field, using modern machines in planting, harvesting and transformation of raw material
into final product.

Technology is fundamental for increasing production through increased productivity, and for
managing all processes involved with the production of a food product. This, regardless of the
production scale.
In order for agriculture to continue to play its role, producing food, fibre and energy, it is
essential to take up modern technologies that ensure increased productivity, reduce production
costs and offer quality food.
Precision Agriculture
Precision Agriculture was the main responsible for the search for new technologies and
advances for plantations. This type of agriculture is based on the observation, monitoring and
management of all the necessary supplies and mainly of the entire plantation.

Silva defines Precision Agriculture as "the use of technologies in agriculture at various stages
of management, with the main objective of increasing the efficiency in the use of agricultural
insums".
The main concept of Precision Agriculture is to apply the supplies in the correct place, at the
appropriate time, the quantities of supplies necessary for agricultural production, to increasingly
smaller and more homogeneous areas, as far as technology and costs involved allow.
(MANZATO apud SILVA).

The new technologies have come to meet all these demands and achieve favorable results and
significantly increase production. They can be considered one of the most important factors
that have enabled the success of the use of precision agriculture in plantations around the
world.

Precision Agriculture is premised on the adequacy of crop management, taking into account its
spatial variability. As for example, the type of soil, nutritional needs, planting failures, the need
for fertilizer and pesticide application. In this context, Precision Agriculture covers several
aspects of agricultural production, ranging from soil preparation, planting, cultural tracts to
harvesting. In addition to monitoring productivity, the occurrence of stresses, the stage of crop
development, presence of weeds, the nutritional condition of plants, among other aspects.
(SILVA)

Still for this author, it states that, currently, it is a mistake to consider that agricultural areas are
homogeneous and to base the supply of supplies on this statement. Thus, the main objective of
Precision Agriculture is to optimize the economic return of the producer, through point
applications of insums in areas with higher probabilities of positive responses, i.e.:
 Apply insum in the right place
 In adequate quantities
 At the most appropriate time
Technology
"Technology is a term used to encompass a wide variety of technical changes and production
models." (VASCONCELOS and GARCIA, 2005, p.12 cited by Neto 2012). "Technology
represents one of the foundations of modern economic activity, resulting from pure and applied
research, to be translated into scientific processes aimed at social and economic development."
(GASTALDI, 2001, p.147).

Technologies in agricultural production can be saved land or saves labor. In the first are among
others: the use of fertilizers and correctives (limestone and agricultural gypsum) that increase
productivity, adequacy in planting densities and crop rotation. In the second is basically the use
of mechanization. Technology, whether linked to factors or related to the
organization/management of property, can be an alternative to the unbridled search for
increased scale of operations (purchases from other areas or enterprises). (NETO, 2012)

Agricola Technology
Several advances have been constantly used in agriculture, providing great productivity gains,
facilitating management and reducing various costs. The first major advance in agriculture was
the use of GPS that allowed the entry of other technologies such as the use of new
computer/satellite-guided machines.

GPS-guided tractors for seed planting, pesticide application and mainly in harvesting processes
enable performance gain and reduction of downtimes. The use of integrated systems has been
another major innovation in recent years. The ability to access all data and view various KPIs
through any computer, or simply through the smartphone screen, allowed managers full control
of the entire plantation.

The last major technological leap in the agricultural sector was the introduction of drones in
various processes. The use of these small unmanned aircraft allows real-time aerial monitoring
of the most accessible remote harvesting and sensing processes when compared to satellites.
Drones can also detect pests on the plantation and bottlenecks in production with great agility,
reducing losses and increasing performance.
In addition, they allow to find the points that need the application of insums and medicines
more easily, enabling specific uses and especially cost reduction.
The importance of agricultural technology
Large farmers no longer need to apply water, fertilizers, pesticides and some insums evenly
throughout the plantation. With the use of technologies it is possible to use the minimum
quantity required in each specific area, it is also possible to treat each plant in a unique and
differentiated way. (PIX FORCE)

Some of the benefits that agricultural technology provides are:

 Increased productivity: with advances it is possible to detect bottlenecks in production
and increase the number of plants per hectare, thus increasing the productivity of the
plantation.
 Reduction of the consumption of water, fertilizers and pesticides, which in addition to
providing increased profit allows to reduce the value of the product.
 Reduction of environmental impacts on the ecosystem and less flow of chemicals in
rivers and groundwater, making the business more sustainable.
 Increased employee and process security through highly reliable technologies that
reduce the likelihood of failures and errors.
 The whole world has been undergoing a digital transformation that characterizes the era
in which we are living ...
 It detects the scarcity of nutrients in the soil and assertively presents the amount of
nutrients and fertilizers that need to be added to the soil (from the use of Drones).

In addition to all these benefits, the technological advances applied to agriculture allow greater
reliability of the plantation, monitoring of the entire field and management of all resources used.

Technology in agriculture allows full control over production, processing, inventory and
distribution.

Technological innovations in agriculture

Digitization in the modern era means that almost every contemporary field or industry is
becoming increasingly dependent on connected and, in some cases, software-driven hardware.
These industries are being transformed from the inside out by innovative technologies and
practices, and even traditionally analog ways of life have difficulty resisting disruption.
(COELHO)
Mendes (2019) says that, Some technologies are revolutionizing our business and also the day-
to-day of the field. This includes the use of artificial intelligence, sensors, autonomous
machines, drones and satellites, as well as data generation and integration that allow us to
optimize and increase crop productivity.
These innovative practices and technologies may well be more than the future of agriculture
and agriculture – they can be the keys to the survival of the human race.
As this author also points out, the first of which deserves to be highlighted in this list is artificial
intelligence.

Artificial intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is related to the use of an intelligence coupled to the software of the
equipment. With the help of AI, software can generate decision-making and machine learning
in a similar way to humans. (MENDES, 2019)

Through combinations of tools, systems, and software, you can process data faster and more
efficiently than any human could accomplish.
Thus, through data from the field, computer programs, for example, may inform:
 Quality of crops
 Ideal harvest time
 Best type of agricultural machinery used on the farm
 Exact moment for pest control and more…

At first glance it can be thought that in agriculture artificial intelligence is something that
resembles science fiction, or a virtual reality. Nothing wrong, artificial intelligence in artificial
agriculture has nothing. Today there are numerous examples, devices, software, applications,
etc., which are used in various situations.

Precision agriculture, supported by sophisticated sotware, satellites, drones and lots of

information stored in powerful computer memories, is already a management tool for soil, plant
protection products, water or fertilizers. In livestock, forest management, red fruit production
or horticulture, where competition is fierce, scarce and expensive resources and especially high
commercial demands to the extreme, it is the combination of various software that ensures
quality with the guarantee of obtaining the expected results.
Drones
The use of drones in agriculture has added a number of advantages that have greatly increased
the efficiency of crop work. Thus, for example, it is possible to carry out surveys in extensive
areas to verify the development of the stand without the need for displacements.
A great facility is the identification of plant reboleiras attacked by pests or diseases or suffering
from some deficiency. With this, one can act on site to avoid the dispersion of damage and
optimize resources, especially insums.

According to PIX FORCE, VANTs, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, as they are also called can
carry high resolution cameras and the most diverse types of sensors, allowing this technology
several applications.

The photos taken by the drones are of high quality and excellent resolution, in addition they can
be taken at the frequency desired by the farmer. This alone is already a huge differential and
shows why this technology has been chosen instead of satellites.

Satellites are not available to farmers at all times, photos are taken once a week or monthly.
Not to mention that the weather can greatly interfere with the quality of the photos, which does
not occur with VANTs, which can work even in adverse weather conditions.
This technology has innovated agriculture, because it allows through its specific images and
algorithms the collection of the following information:
 Counting of plants
 Measurement of planting height
 Pest detection
 Measuring the effectiveness of treatments and the use of pesticides
 Monitoring the need for water and insums
Drones allow farmers to optimize the use of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and water. In addition,
they enable rapid reactions against any type of threat to the plantation.
Sensors
The use of intelligent sensors has been applied in agriculture. This agricultural technology
enables total monitoring of plants. These sensors can capture the health of the plantation, the
need for water and the nitrogen content in the soil. These sensors aligned with 4G connection
technology allow constant, real-time monitoring of the plantation.

Each farmer can look for the type of sensor that best meets their needs. There are on the market
the most varied types of sensors that can monitor various details of the plantation.

As they allow monitoring the health of the plantation allow the detection of diseases and
contaminations, enabling rapid action of managers to solve the problem. The data from this
agricultural technology can still be used for the formulation of KPIs, which allow the
monitoring of planting performance as a function of time

Blockchain Technology in Agriculture

While most people know blockchain for its application in cryptocurrency financing, the
agricultural world is beginning to know this innovative new technology in another capacity.

Coelho in turn says that; There are already companies performing blockchain-powered
agricultural trade, selling and delivering tons of food. This trade represents how blockchain is
likely to be used in agriculture from the start, with decentralized transactions and self-executing
smart contracts.
Most of the first blockchain applications in agriculture have to do with traceability and supply
chains; a blockchain cashbook can record and update the status of crops, from planting to
harvesting, from storage to delivery; The advantage of large operations is a safe and immutable
book that ensures you never lose a load. The status of all your crops is available in real time.
Another way blockchain can be used is resource management, such as tracking machine
maintenance records or tracking other sensors and equipment.
Conclusion
Although the technology as described so far has much of the microeconomic character of
increasing productivity and reducing the average cost of improving property income, it is also
necessary to consider external pressures for new views of society on the role of agriculture in
particular those related to the environment and global warming and even animal welfare among
other aspects of ecological sustainability that also interfere with the competitiveness of
agriculture
As can be seen, through the adoption of modern and integrative tools such as those represented
in this work, the application of technology in agriculture generates positive impacts on
production and increases the productivity of agricultural property.
Bibliography

COELHO, A. M. 5 New Agriculture Technologies.

JACTO, Agriculture Technologies. 2021
MENDES, Luis Gustavo. Technological Innovations in Agriculture that promise to
increase your Profit. 21 June 2019. Available in: https://blog.aegro.com.br/ Access on: 05
June 2022.
PIX FORCE. Agricultural technology - Importance and main innovations. Available
in: https://www.pixforce.com.br/ Access on: 07 June 2022.
SILVA, G. B. P da. Precision Agriculture - Basic concepts and practical applications.
Available in: https://institutoagro.com.br/ Access in: 01 Junh. 2022