PHED 102 – DANCES

MODULE

Prepared By:

Judy Diaz Ballesil Estonilo - MLUC

May Cristina Tengco Mabalot - SLUC

Macrina Batoon-NLUC - NLUC

Rusty Salmasan Liclican - SLUC

PHED 102 DANCES Module

 MODULE I

INTRODUCTION

Lesson 1 Dances

Lesson 2 Fundamental Rhythm

Lesson 3 Basic Hand and Foot

Fundamental Positions

PHED 102 DANCES Module

 This module is prepared for students to gain knowledge on the importance of
rhythmic activities/dances, role it plays in the development of nationalism and
preservation of our cultural heritage. It will help students to improve self-expression
through dance interpretation, creating and performing simple movement. Be able
them to enjoy the beauty of world of dance

After studying the module, you should be able to:

1. Learn and understand the terms related to dances.

2. Discuss and explain the meaning of Dance/ rhythmic activities
3. Execute the fundamental positions of arms and feet
4. Appreciate the benefits of dance as a good form of exercise.

There are four lessons in the module. Read each lesson carefully then answer
the exercises/activities to find out how much you have benefited from it. Work on
these exercises carefully and submit your output to your instructor.

In case you encounter difficulty, discuss this with your instructor during the
face-to-face meeting. If not contact your instructor during consultation hours.

Good luck and happy reading!!!

PHED 102 DANCES Module

Lesson 1

Definition of Terms Related to Dances

For better understanding of the discussions that follow, the following terms are
hereunder defined:

Dance
o Refers to movement set to music where organization, structure and
pattern merge.
Dancing
o It is a means of expressing one’s emotions through movement disciplined
by rhythm. It is an act of moving rhythmically and expressively to an
accompaniment.
o The word dancing came from the old German word “danson” which
means to stretch. All dancing is basically made up of stretching and
relaxing movements.
o In French, it is “dauncen” which means to move or to perform
Rhythm
o It is a measured motion of flow characterized basically by the regular
recurrence of elements or features such as beats, sounds or accents.
o The word rhythm came from the Greek word “rhythmos” which means
to measure regular pattern
o When an individual moves in response to a particular rhythm or music,
we call the movement as rhythmic movements or physical reactions.
Tempo
o The rate of speed of a movement
Time Signature
o The number above denotes the number of beats in a measure while the
number below denotes the kind of notes that receives one beat.
Note Pattern
o The set of notes with or without rest used for a certain dance step.
Step Pattern
o Refers to movement used for a certain dance.

PHED 102 DANCES Module

Phases of the Dance Program

Creative Rhythms
o Creative rhythms are actually for children in the elementary grades.
These activities are sometimes called fundamental rhythms or natural
dances.
o This is the end product of exploration and improvisation of movement as
children learn to move parts of their body as a means of expression.

Folk/Ethnic Dance
o It is a cultural art form handed down from generation to generation.
o The folk dance communicates the customs, beliefs, rituals and
occupation of a certain region.
 Examples of folk dances are the rural country dances, jotas,
mazurkas, and pandanggos.
o Ethnic tribes have their specific tribal art forms originated by the people
of the tribe.
 Examples of ethnic dances are the dances of the people of
Cordilleras, dances of the ethnic groups in the Cagayan Valley
region and the dances in the Mindanao regions.

Social and Ballroom Dances

o The setting of this dance is a social gathering with the more formal
atmosphere and this is usually held in the evening where the participants
are usually in formal attire.
 Examples are cha-cha; foxtrot; tango; samba; salsa; waltz; jive;
boogie; rumba; reggae; quick step….

Recreational Dance

o It includes dance mixers, square dance, round and couple dances.

o The setting of this dance is usually informal gatherings and parties,
reunion and the like.

PHED 102 DANCES Module

 Creative Dance

o This type of dance is considered as the highest form of dance.

o It is the end-product of exploration and improvisation of movement as
the dancer or choreographer expresses his feelings or emotions, ideas
and interpretations.
o This dance has a definite form, a beginning and an ending

Compare RHYTHM and RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES, DANCE

and DANCING. Write your answers in word file. Always
indicate your complete name, course, and year.
Submit your activity to your respective instructor
online.

PHED 102 DANCES Module

Lesson 2

In the field of dance, there are certain fundamental knowledge and rhythmic skills
considered important for proficiency and efficiency in bodily movements

Basic Natural Movements

Locomotor movements are used to move the body from one place to another
in any direction with the feet as the moving base.
 Walking
 Running
 Jumping
 Hopping
 Skipping
 Galloping
 Sliding
 Leaping
Non-locomotor movements or axial movements are those in which various
parts of the body move in space with a fixed base.
 Flexion - bending or shortening of a body part occurring at a joint.
 Extension – turning, twisting, or circling
 Arm shoulder circling
 Pendular – swinging/swaying arms
 Percussive – hitting and striking; pushing and pulling
 Vibratory – shaking and beating
 Sustained – a slow, smooth flowing movement
 Suspended – a sharp movement followed by a series of slow or prolonged
movements until a peak is reached.

Manipulative skills involved object handling that develops manipulative skills

like ball skills. Other objects promote other skills like better hand and eye
coordination.

PHED 102 DANCES Module

BASIC CONCEPTS OF MOVEMENT, MOVEMENT SPACE AND RHYTHM

Movement is a change of position in space. This is governed by mechanical

principles that limit the ability of an individual to move effectively and efficiently.

Factors that govern or affect movement:

1. Psychological Factors.
o Fear, anxiety and other mental phenomena affect the human
movement either positively or negatively. All these may affect the
performance of an individual.
2. Physiological Factors.
o Physical fitness and body built are two main concerns that affect
human movement. Poor muscle development and low fitness level
will surely affect movement.
3. Sociological Factors
o These refer to the relationships of the performer with a particular
group and his regard to social conformity and norms.

Movement Space

All movements take place in space. The two kinds of space occupancy are
personal space and general space.

Personal space is the maximum space available to a person in a stationary

position. This includes the space that the person can reach by bending, twisting
and stretching.

General space in the area, which include one or more persons moving space
like gymnasia, the swimming pool, classroom, ballroom, plaza and others.

PHED 102 DANCES Module

 Elements of Space

1. Direction
o This refers to the movement: forward, backward, upward,
downward, sideways right and left, diagonals and combinations of all
of these.
2. Level
o As the body moves in a horizontal plane, it creates a movement
identified as high, medium, middle and low.
3. Range
o The maximum reach of an individual or sometimes referred to as
personal space.
4. Pathways or Space Design
o The line or design created in space as one moves.
5. Focus
o This is referred to as movement in space in relation to an object or
person’s attention of direction.

Create a simple rhythmic movement by combining at least 5

locomotor and 5 non-locomotor movements. Submit your
videos to your respective instructor online.

PHED 102 DANCES Module