Workbook Answer Key

UNIT 1 LISTENING
A b
1A B 1. c; 2. b; 3. b
C Answers will vary.
VOCABULARY
A 1. feels; 2. experience; 3. cope with; 4. relieve; 5. reduce; VOCABULARY BUILDING
6. handle
B Answers will vary. A 1. anxiety; 2. responsibilities; 3. recession; 4. generation
B 1. Social responsibility; 2. take responsibility; 3. sense of
responsibility; 4. delegate responsibility
LISTENING
A a
B 1. do some exercise; 2. use gadgets; 3. relax 1D
TED PLAYLIST
COMMUNICATION A b
1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b B 1. c; 2. a; 3. b
C Answers will vary.
1B
LANGUAGE FOCUS 1E
A 1. having; 2. becoming; 3. to work; 4. to work; 5. to look WRITING
B 1. b; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b B Answers will vary.
C 1. Y; 2. N; 3. Y; 4. Y; 5. N; 6. N C Answers will vary.

LISTENING FOCUS
Û Ü
B 1. Hajime doesn’t plan to do a Master’s. He wants to do a Ph.D. UNIT 2
Ü
2. My parents always encouraged me to become a doctor.
Ü 2A
3. My sister can’t imagine having a desk job.
Û
VOCABULARY
4. I considered doing a degree in Spanish, but I chose English in 1. inspiration; 2. role models; 3. character; 4. ideals; 5. hero;
Ü 6. influence
the end.
C 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a
LISTENING
A 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a
1C
B 1. Man; 2. Man and Woman; 3. Woman; 4. Woman
READING
A a COMMUNICATION
B 1. Job: being in the military; Causes of stress: tough nature 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a
of job, physically and mentally; 2. Job: firefighting; Causes of
stress: physical danger and demands of job, dealing with the
public; 3. Job: pilot; 4. Causes of stress: being in the public 2B
eye, possibility of real danger; 5. Job: event coordinator; Causes LANGUAGE FOCUS
of stress: deadlines, organizational and people skills required,
A 1. which; 2. that/which; 3. who; 4. which
dealing with problems quickly; 6. Job: public relations officer;
B 1. Comedies that make you laugh a lot can help lower your
Causes of stress: facing the public, sorting out problems that
stress.; 2. The girl who won the race trained very hard.; 3. Nine in
can’t be predicted; 7. Job: senior executives; Causes of stress:
ten people who took part in the study said movies were important
heavy responsibilities, anxiety about making the wrong decision;
to them.; 4. The documentary, which focused on the life of an
8. Causes of stress: deadlines, being in the public eye; 9. Job:
amazing woman, had a powerful influence on the viewers.
field reporters; 10. Job: taxi driver; Causes of stress: dealing
C 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. b
with people, rush hour traffic, long hours

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 LISTENING FOCUS UNIT 3
B 1. inspired by; 2. first three; 3. found that; caused people’s; blood
pressure; 4. raised people’s; 5. impressed by; 6. must be 3A
C 1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b
VOCABULARY
1. priorities; 2. struggle; 3. accomplish; 4. ambitious; 5. trend;
2C 6. aspirations; 7. altruistic
READING
A c LISTENING
B 1. because she knew that games encouraged people to be A 1. a; 2. b
determined, optimistic, creative, and to seek help; 2. because it B 1. d; 2. c; 3. a; 4. b; 5. e
encouraged her to fight things in her life that caused pain and to
look for pleasant things; 3. improve problem-solving skills, motor COMMUNICATION
skills, and accuracy; develop strategic thinking, reading, and
A a. 2; b. 3; c. 5; d. 7; e. 6; f. 4; g. 1; h. 8
math skills; strengthen memory and concentration; encourage
B Answers will vary.
teamwork and cooperation; 4. games that encourage people to
help and support others
3B
LISTENING LANGUAGE FOCUS
A 1. c; 2. a A 1. has been increasing; 2. has been decreasing; 3. grew;
B a, b, and e 4. expanded
C Positive effects of video games: encourage people to be B 1. developing; 2. increasing; 3. risen; 4. changed; 5. moved;
determined, optimistic, creative, and to seek help; can improve 6. raised
problem-solving skills, motor skills, and accuracy; develop C 1. finished; 2. been working; 3. been writing; 4. written; 5. made
strategic thinking, reading, and math skills; strengthen memory
and concentration; encourage teamwork and cooperation; pro- LISTENING FOCUS
social games encourage people to help and support others in
B 1. has been introduced; 2. has been an increase; 3. has been
real life. Negative effects of video games: correlation exists
found; 4. have been using; 5. Have you been following; 6. Has
between playing violent video games and aggressive behavior;
there been
children who watch violent video games are likely to be more
C 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a
violent and less empathetic towards others in real life; children are
taught negative values and bad behavioral models; some games
enhance negative stereotypes, particularly of female characters; 3C
the addictive nature of video games can lead to children playing READING
for too long and this can negatively impact on their academic
A c
achievement; children addicted to games have higher levels of
B 1. b, c, d; 2. a, c, f
anxiety and depression; children may find distinguishing fantasy
and real life difficult; long-term concentration may be damaged.
Answers will vary. LISTENING
A 1. b; 2. b; 3. a
VOCABULARY BUILDING B c, d, e
C Answers will vary.
A 1. transfer; 2. virtual; 3. exposure; 4. well-adjusted; 5. underlying
B 1. role models; 2. leadership role; 3. key role
VOCABULARY BUILDING
A 1. correlation; 2. paradox; 3. decline; 4. threshold; 5. surge
2D
B 1. coordination; 2. co-workers; 3. coexist; 4. co-founder
TED PLAYLIST
A c
3D
B 1. b; 2. a; 3. c
C Answers will vary. TED PLAYLIST
A 1. b; 2. c; 3. a
2E B 1. Nic Marks; 2. because he wanted to measure how much
each country contributes to (or takes away from) the planet and
WRITING humanity; 3. It prioritizes the world’s problems based on how
B Answers will vary. cost-effective the solutions are.
C Answers will vary. C Answers will vary.
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 3E 4D
WRITING TED PLAYLIST
B Answers will vary. A 1. c; 2. a; 3. b
C Answers will vary. B 1. that we are predictably irrational and can be influenced in ways
we can’t grasp; 2. He says that it keeps us honest because cell
phones and online platforms leave a record of verifiable facts.;
3. She says we should celebrate when very young children start
UNIT 4 lying as it is a normal part of their development.
C Answers will vary.
4A
VOCABULARY 4E
1. an element of truth; 2. the absolute truth; 3. a white lie; WRITING
4. stretched the truth; 5. a total lie
B Answers will vary.
C Answers will vary.
LISTENING
A a
B a. 5; b. 6; c. 4; d. 3; e. 2; f. 1
UNIT 5
COMMUNICATION
1. a; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b 5A
VOCABULARY
4B 1. breaking; 2. pushed; 3. endured; 4. reaching; 5. set

LANGUAGE FOCUS
LISTENING
A 1. can’t; 2. might; 3. could; 4. may not
A c
B 1. may/might; 2. must; 3. can’t/couldn’t; 4. may/might;
B 1. c; 2. a; 3. b
5. can’t/couldn’t
C Answers will vary.
COMMUNICATION
LISTENING FOCUS 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. b
B 1. must have been; 2. might become; 3. could have come;
4. can’t have 5B
C 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a
LANGUAGE FOCUS
A 1. had been training; 2. had already won; 3. hadn’t shown; 4. had
4C been working; became
READING B 1. had already been running; joined; 2. was; had started; 3. had
been speaking; had just begun; arrived; 4. had submitted; was
A c
C 1. A: Had she seen a koala before her visit to Australia?;
B 1. b; 2. a; 3. c
B: She’d only seen them on TV.; 2. A: How long had you been
waiting when he called to cancel?; B: I’d been waiting two whole
LISTENING
hours.; 3. A: Had he won any races before he started training
A c professionally?; B: He’d won one race.
B b, d, e, f
C Answers will vary. LISTENING FOCUS
B 1. had been reading; 2. had he reached; 3. had already become;
VOCABULARY BUILDING
4. Had she been training; 5. had already been living
A 1. honesty; 2. dishonesty; 3. truthful; 4. network; 5. deception C 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. b
B 1. taken for a ride; 2. tall tales; 3. lying through her teeth; 4. a
pack of lies; 5. two-faced
5C
READING
A c

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 B 1. a. He was fired from his job because his boss thought he COMMUNICATION
wasn’t creative enough.; b. His first company went bankrupt.;
A 1. a; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b
c. Universal Studios took both his cartoon character Oswald the
B Answers will vary.
Rabbit and his employees.
2. Company 1: Chicago; failure; Company 2: New York;
failure; Company 3: Pennsylvania; success; Company 4: Derry 6B
Township; success LANGUAGE FOCUS
3. a. Both had experienced failure early on—Walt Disney in his first
job, Milton Hershey at school.; b. Both had companies that had A 1. comes to; 2. look into; 3. figure out; 4. broke down; 5. do
failed/had succeeded.; c. Both persevered and didn’t give up. without; 6. find out; 7. taking out; 8. put aside
B 1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. b
C Answers will vary.
LISTENING
A c LISTENING FOCUS
B a. 2; b. 4; c. 3; d. 1
C a. Reasons may vary. B 1. -; 2. -; 3. can; 4. -; 5. and
C 1. a; 2. b; 3. a
VOCABULARY BUILDING
A 1. amazement; 2. stunts; 3. endurance; 4. reaction; 6C
5. transformed READING
B 1. key ingredients; 2. direct experience; 3. achieve success;
A b
4. smooth path; 5. Research suggests
B Issues with common trading practices: (Answers will vary.)
1. Producers don’t get a fair share of the profits.; 2. Producers
5D may have to endure tough working conditions.; 3. Some workers
are children.; 4. Production methods may harm the environment.;
TED PLAYLIST
Benefits of Fairtrade: (Answers will vary.) 1. Provides a fairer
A c system of trade./Fairtrade is fairer to workers.; 2. A small amount
B 1. c; 2. a; 3. b of money from purchases is invested back into the community./
C Answers will vary. Fairtrade empowers workers.; 3. Fairtrade empowers workers./
encourages workers to invest in their own future.; 4. Fairtrade
5E protects the environment./is sustainable.

WRITING LISTENING
B Answers will vary.
A a
C Answers will vary.
B 1. a; 2. b
C Answers will vary.

UNIT 6 VOCABULARY BUILDING

A 1. poverty; 2. Foundation; 3. pledge; 4. take off; 5. celebrities
6A B 1. d; 2. b; 3.c; 4. a
VOCABULARY
A 1. earned a living; 2. contribute; 3. donate; 4. make a donation; 6D
5. contributed; earns interest TED PLAYLIST
B Answers will vary.
A 1. b; 2. c; 3. a
B 1. b; 2. c; 3. a
LISTENING
A a
B 1. a way of getting funding for a specific goal from a large number 6E
of people; 2. The Statue of Liberty was crowdfunded.; 3. People WRITING
log on to a website, identify a project they are interested in, and B Answers will vary.
contribute money online.; 4. People know that the money will C Answers will vary.
go directly to the project they have chosen, and they get regular
updates on how the money is being spent.

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 UNIT 7 C Answers will vary. They both involve interface between the
prosthetic limb and nerves in the body.

7A
VOCABULARY BUILDING
VOCABULARY
A 1. modified; 2. three-dimensional; 3. customize; 4. traditional;
A 1. invented; designed; 2. discovered; 3. innovations 5. Synthetic
B Answers will vary. B 1. approach; 2. cultures; 3. values; 4. role; 5. methods

LISTENING
7D
A 1. a; 2. a
B 1. M; 2. M; 3. M; 4. B TED PLAYLIST
A c
COMMUNICATION B 1. c; 2. a; 3. b
A a. 3; b. 6; c. 2; d. 5; e. 1; f. 4 C Answers will vary.
B Answers will vary.
7E
7B WRITING
LANGUAGE FOCUS B Answers will vary.
A 1. will; 2. ought to; 3. won’t; 4. will; 5. could C Answers will vary.
B 1. a; 2. a; 3. b
C Answers will vary.
UNIT 8
LISTENING FOCUS
B 1. Robots might take over from doctors eventually.; 2. Surgeons 8A
won’t be replaced by machines for a long time.; 3. New
VOCABULARY
technology has led to many medical innovations.; 4. Scientists
are developing robots that look like human beings.; 5. Medical 1. putting off; 2. raise a family; 3. pursue a career; 4. get a degree;
scientists should be able to learn a lot from the space program. 5. settling down
C 1. That cookie was meant for your brother!; 2. The company
organized a blood donation drive.; 3. My grandfather LISTENING
suffered from Alzheimer’s disease.; 4. I bought these really cool A a
shoes for a bargain!; 5. Mama Rosa’s bakery is the best place to B 1. 33; 2. society; 3. seven, 50; 4. over 30; 5. 80, 50
buy fresh bread.; 6. Scientists have found a way to extend the
lifespan of mice.; 7. San Francisco’s Golden Gate is a popular COMMUNICATION
tourist attraction.; 8. The manager called a meeting to discuss
the team’s next project.; 9. Mixed marriages are becoming more A a. 7; b. 6; c. 1; d. 3; e. 2; f. 4; g. 5
common these days.; 10. The huge bear charged towards him. B Answers will vary.

7C 8B
READING LANGUAGE FOCUS
A c A 1. finished; 2. have been studying; 3. have lived; 4. have been
B Materials used: plastic, carbon fiber, metal; Recent innovation: dating; 5. graduated
incorporation of computer chips into prosthetics; What it does: B 1. a; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b
These chips can read the electrical signal that a muscle sends C Answers will vary.
when it contracts, and this activates motors in the prosthetic
limb.; TMR: What it does: redirects nerves from the amputated LISTENING FOCUS
part to a healthy muscle elsewhere in the body; Result: Users B 1. She’ll have finished; 2. You won’t have passed; 3. He won’t
can control their prosthetics just by thinking, like they would a real have finished; 4. You’ll have arrived; 5. I’ll have started
limb. C 1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a

LISTENING
A c
B 1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T

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 8C LISTENING FOCUS
READING B 1. everybody; 2. average; 3. temperature; 4. camera; 5. several
A b C 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a
B 1. prime; 2. stress at work; 3. a house; 4. children;
5. self-confident; 6. happy; 7. are less satisfied than women.; 9C
8. increasingly happy; 9. sense of well-being; 10. higher
READING
LISTENING A c
B 1. a. machines began to do jobs people had done in the past;
A 1. b; 2. c; 3. a
b. electricity allowed mass production of goods; c. introduction
B 1. M; 2. M; 3. M; 4. W; 5. W
of computers and IT; d. Rapid changes in technology, robotics,
C Answers will vary.
and AI (artificial intelligence); 2. Cobots are robots that collaborate
with people. They are cheaper, can be easily programmed and
VOCABULARY BUILDING moved. 3. They will replace a lot of people in small to medium-
A 1. peaks; 2. extending/extended; 3. coast; 4. trivialized; 5. sized businesses.
defining moment
B 1. exploit; 2. exceed; 3. exceptions; 4. extinct; 5. exclude; LISTENING
6. exchanged
A a
B c, d
8D C b, c, e
TED PLAYLIST
VOCABULARY BUILDING
A 1. b; 2. c; 3. a
B 1. c; 2. b; 3. b A 1. poses a hazard; 2. surveillance; 3. humanitarian; 4. civilians;
5. drawbacks; 6. carrying out
B 1. orders; 2. attack; 3. mission; 4. tasks; 5. research
8E
WRITING 9D
B Answers will vary. TED PLAYLIST
C Answers will vary.
A c
B 1. Markus Fischer and Auke Ijspeert;
2. Answers will vary. They can help us to understand the human
UNIT 9 body better; Assist in rescuing people/saving lives in disaster
situations; Help designers to create more efficient designs for
9A industry.; 3. They are safer for people and can work more quickly.
VOCABULARY C Answers will vary.

1. assembled; 2. function; 3. remote-controlled; 4. operate;

5. program 9E
WRITING
LISTENING
B Answers will vary.
A c C Answers will vary.
B 1. slow biological evolution; 2. evolve; 3. monitor and control;
4. benefit society

COMMUNICATION UNIT 10
1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b
10A
VOCABULARY
9B
1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. b
LANGUAGE FOCUS
A 1. c; 2. e; 3. d; 4. b; 5. a LISTENING
B 1. see; 2. were; 3. wait; 4. could; 5. cancel; 6. were; 7. approve
A b
C 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. b
B 1. a; 2. c; 3. d; 4. b

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 COMMUNICATION 10E
A 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. b WRITING
B Answers will vary. B Answers will vary.
C Answers will vary.
10B
LANGUAGE FOCUS
A 1. a; 2. b; 3. e; 4. c; 5. d UNIT 11
B 1. He asked Chris if he had been able to focus on her lecture.;
2. She promised to finish the report that day.; 3. They said (that) 11A
his speech had been really long.; 4. She told Kyle to present his VOCABULARY
paper to the class.
C (Answers may vary.) 1. She told them to listen quietly to what she 1. restore; 2. meaningful; 3. leisurely; 4. juggle; 5. appreciation;
was going to say.; 2. He promised (that) he wouldn’t get distracted 6. mindful
and (that) he would listen carefully.; 3. They said they were sorry
(that) they had been/were late, and that there had been an accident LISTENING
on the way and they had been delayed.; 4. He told Andy not to A b
be late for the presentation.; 5. She asked Karen to hand in her B 1. c; 2. a; 3. b
homework the following day.
COMMUNICATION
LISTENING FOCUS 1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a
B 1. That was a terrible movie.; 2. I really enjoyed that lecture.;
3. Don’t you think that was a difficult test?; 4. I highly recommend
you hire him. He’s a very good worker.; 5. She’s a rude child! 11B
C 1. b; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a LANGUAGE FOCUS
A 1. a little bit of; 2. every time; 3. a lot of; 4. a large number
10C B 1. an, the; 2. a, the; 3. the, x; 4. the, a
C 1. The pace of life today is much faster than it was 30 years ago.;
READING 2. An increasing number of people like to disconnect and go tech-
A b free at times.; 3. Spending a day or two in nature is a great way
B 1. They treated it with respect and participated in the experiment.; to unwind.; 4. Without the internet, life and work would be very
2. Answers may vary. Isay probably means that in the media today, different.; 5. Jun has a large number of urgent emails to respond
it’s rare to hear real people telling authentic stories about their to.
lives. As a result, the StoryCorps stories have a powerful effect on
listeners.; 3. Because they are hearing something authentic and LISTENING FOCUS
pure.; 4. Answers may vary. StoryCorps provides an opportunity
B 1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a
for ordinary people to tell their personal stories and it provides the
C 1. a trip; 2. the city; 3. the beach; 4. a while; 5. a quiet hotel
opportunity to hear something that is authentic and pure.

LISTENING 11C
A a READING
B a; c; d; f A c
C Answers will vary. B 1. T; 2. T; 3. T; 4. NG; 5. T; 6. F

VOCABULARY BUILDING LISTENING

A 1. overestimated; 2. disruptive; 3. rapport; 4. enhances; 5. pioneer
B 1. discriminate; 2. disapproved; 3. disappointed; 4. dislike;
5. discourage
10D
A b
B 1. local traditions, retain their uniqueness, and preserve nature.;
2. preserve its traditions, and natural environment.; 3. an increase
in tourism.; 4. There are clear benefits to becoming a slow city.
C Answers will vary.

TED PLAYLIST
VOCABULARY BUILDING
A 1. b; 2. a; 3. c
A 1. cognitive; 2. evolved; 3. addiction; 4. therapy; 5. intuitively
B 1. c; 2. a; 3. b
B 1. shopping addiction; 2. gaming addiction; 3. gambling addiction
C Answers will vary.
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 11D 12C
TED PLAYLIST READING
A 1. c; 2. a; 3. b A b
B 1. The desire to be happy.; 2. They both talk about taking time for B 1. The illegal wildlife trade is worth up to $20 billion and is the
stillness.; 3. Pico Iyer 4th largest illegal trade in the world. The criminal gangs are more
C Answers will vary. sophisticated than ever before, and people who know about what
is going on are often reluctant to talk about it.; 2. WildLeaks does
not leak information it receives to the media. Instead, it verifies
11E it and then decides what action to take.; 3. Answers will vary.
WRITING WildLeaks probably carries out independent investigations when
B Answers will vary. they do not trust the local law enforcement officers.
C Answers will vary.
LISTENING
A c
B 1. T; 2. F; 3. T; 4. T; 5. F
UNIT 12
C Answers will vary.

12A VOCABULARY BUILDING

VOCABULARY A 1. wrongdoing; 2. classified; 3. retaliate; 4. discredit;
A 1. assert; 2. resolve; 3. clarify; 4. conflict; 5. persuaded 5. unprecedented; 6. anonymous
B 1. Answers will vary.; 2. Answers will vary. B 1. level; 2. access; 3. number; 4. growth; 5. opportunity

LISTENING
12D
A b
TED PLAYLIST
B 1. a; 2. a
A a
COMMUNICATION B 1. a; 2. c; 3. b
C Answers will vary.
1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a

12E
12B
WRITING
LANGUAGE FOCUS
B Answers will vary.
A 1. hadn’t been, would still be; 2. hadn’t fallen, wouldn’t have;
C Answers will vary.
3. hadn’t been, wouldn’t have; 4. hadn’t sounded, wouldn’t have;
5. hadn’t been, wouldn’t have
B 1. a; 2. b; 3. a
C 2. If there hadn’t been a big leak of classified documents, you
wouldn’t know the company’s problems.; 3. If I didn’t believe in
the power of real stories, I woudn’t have become a journalist.;
4. If they hadn’t received threats, they wouldn’t have kept quiet
about the wrongdoing.; 5. If she hadn’t signed up for the skiing
trip, she wouldn’t be joining us tomorrow.

LISTENING FOCUS
B 1. a; 2. a; 3. a; 4. b; 5. b
C 1. wouldn’t have, they didn’t; 2. would have been, we’d taken;
3. would have, you’d invited; 4. hadn’t been; would have; 5. I’d
known, would have

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