Lesson 1A

Answer Key
Think and Discuss Understanding Sequence Words
1. Answers will vary. Some people change their lives A. The following words should be circled: Paragraph
because they have to in order to deal with a health one: Later; Paragraph two: after, first, then;
issue or other personal crisis. Others change their Paragraph three: Finally, Before
lives in order to grow and learn, and to challenge B. 1. first; 2. later; 3. after; 4. Then; 5. finally
themselves to become better or accomplish
something; 2. Answers will vary. It may seem that a Creating a Time Line
big challenge like climbing a mountain or running a November, Wear Nothing New; 2012, meat; letter;
marathon is tougher than a small change like giving January, Australia
up a bad habit like eating too much chocolate, but
often staying consistent about small lifestyle changes Building Vocabulary
is actually a bigger challenge in the end. A. 1. goals; 2. project; 3. individual; 4. Experiences
B. 1. inspired; 2. impact; 3. attitudes; 4. positive
Pre-reading
A. 1. TED spreads ideas through presentations; Getting Meaning from Context
2. 167 A. b
B. c B. Answers will vary.
C. Answers will vary.
Critical Thinking
Getting the Main Ideas 1. b; 2. Answers will vary.
1. c; 2. a (paragraph 2); 3. a (paragraph 4)

Lesson 1B
Answer Key
1. In 2009; 2. Filmmaker Morgan Spurlock; 3. He Recognizing the Speaker’s Attitude
blogged about it. 1. c; 2. c

Previewing Identifying Facts and Opinions

A. Something you’ve always wanted to add to your life
B. 1. years; 2. something; 3. idea; 4. try; 5. time
Getting the Main Ideas
The following should be checked: a, c, d, e
Understanding Key Details
1. c; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a
1. F; 2. O; 3. F; 4. O; 5. O
Critical Thinking
1. Answers will vary; 2. Answers will vary. Possibilities
include: giving up an unhealthy food, exercising more,
spending less money on daily expenses, etc.

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Lesson 2A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss
1. Answers will vary. Possible answers include: in
work, in school, in sports, in club activities, etc.;
2. Answers will vary. How well a team works often
depends on the personalities of its members and their
ability to collaborate.
organizers, and experimenters; Paragraph 4: With a
simple team game, business workers and other
groups
of people can learn how to collaborate better and
become more successful.
B. a. 3; b. 1; c. 4; d. 2

Pre-reading Identifying Supporting Details

A. 1. Answers will vary. A team that has just finished
the Marshmallow Challenge is showing excitement
over its standing tower. They are using dried
spaghetti, tape, string, and a marshmallow;
2. Answers will vary.
B. c
Getting the Main Ideas
1. b; 2. a
A. 1. b; 2. d; 3. e; 4. c; 5. a; 6. f
Building Vocabulary
A. 1. Experts; 2. Structures; 3. stable; 4. successful
B. 1. a; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a
Getting Meaning from Context
1. On its own, without help; 2. Work together; 3. A
model that you make before building something

Identifying Main Ideas in Paragraphs Critical Thinking

A. Paragraph 3: Wujec noticed that the best teams 1. Answers will vary; 2. Wujec means that every team
have three different kinds of people in them: experts, has something, such as a product or service, that they
must work together to build and support.

Lesson 2B
Answer Key
1. They struggle over power; 2. They run out of time; Part 2
3. The tower collapses. Previewing
Predictions will vary. Actual answers are:
Part 1 a. 2; b. 4; c. 5; d. 1; e. 3
Previewing
A. 1. a; 2. b; 3. d; 4. c Getting the Main Idea
1. c; 2. b
Getting the Main Idea
a Summarizing
The following should be checked: 1, 4, 5
Understanding Key Details
a. Build; b. Ta-Da!; c. Plan; d. Orient Critical Thinking
1. and 2. Answers will vary.
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary. Usually a power struggle happens Explore More
when each member thinks they are the best possible When Wujec added a financial incentive, every team’s
leader for the group. This depends partly on individual tower fell down. He says that giving a high incentive
personalities and group dynamics. when people have low skills is not a successful
combination.

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Lesson 3A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss Identifying Referents
1. Answers will vary. Possible answers include: 1. a cephalopod; 2. cephalopods; 3. the squid; 4. reef
octopus, squid, shark, isopod, angler fish, dragon fish, squid; 5. males
stone fish; 2. Answers will vary. Positive aspects of
exploring the ocean more include finding animal and Building Vocabulary
plant life that can help humans as medicine, etc. A. 1. amazing; 2. fierce; 3. skin; 4. liquids; 5.
Negative aspects include the destructive effect on the searching
environment as well as the possibility of endangering B. 1. skin; 2. liquid; 3. fierce; 4. searching; 5. amazing
untouched sea life.
Getting Meaning from Context
Pre-reading A. 1. invisible, not able to be seen; 2. incredible, not
A. b believable
B. 1. Warm and shallow waters; 2. Squid, octopi, B. 1. incorrect; 2. incapable; 3. incomplete
cuttlefish; 3. They can change the color and pattern of
their appearance. Critical Thinking
1. The reef squid is highly skilled at changing its
Getting the Main Ideas appearance. Some possible other ways to say this
1. b; 2. a, c include: expert of camouflage, masked genius, hiding
pro; 2. Answers will vary, however, keeping safe from
Identifying Purpose predators is perhaps the most immediately beneficial
a. 2; b. 5; c. 3; d. 4 reason to change colors.

Lesson 3B
Answer Key
1. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) in 2. Gallo points out that squid aren’t the only males
Massachusetts, USA.; 2. Animals that live in shallow who only try to show their good side to females. He is
water; 3. They can change their skin color or pattern referring to humans.
and camouflage themselves.
Synthesizing Information
Previewing Suggested answers:
A. 1. Octopus; Observe surroundings and disguise a. Cuttlefish and Octopi
self to disappear into background b. Octopi
B. The following should be checked: 2, 3 c. Reef Squid and Octopi
d. Octopi and Cuttlefish
Getting the Main Ideas e. Octopi
B. 1, 3 f . Cuttlefish, Octopi, Reef Squid

Understanding Key Details Critical Thinking

1. a; 2. a; 3. b; 4. c 1. Answers will vary; 2. Some ways that we humans
disguise ourselves include our clothes and makeup,
Recognizing the Speaker’s Tone and as well as more drastic measures like cosmetic
surgery.
Message
1. b

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Lesson 4A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss Understanding a Process
1. Answers will vary; 2. Answers will vary. A. a. 2, Next; b. 4, Finally; c. 3, Then; d. 1, First

Pre-reading Building Vocabulary

A. c A. 1. style; 2. pay attention; 3. behavior; 4. uniform
B. 1. a; 2. b B. 1. d; 2. a; 3. c; 4. b

Getting the Main Ideas Getting Meaning from Context

1. a; 2. White coats make people feel more confident
and careful, police officer uniforms or judge’s robes
make people feel more powerful and confident.
Making Connections
A. Paragraph 2: report that; Paragraph 3: think that,
believe that; Paragraph 4: believes that, says that;
Paragraph 5: points out; Now Pay Attention! Text at
bottom of page: believes that
B. Researchers: There is a science behind our style;
Symbolic clothes influence how people work;
Quirk: People should pay more attention to what they
wear; Both: Our clothes are like a second skin.
1. verb, b; 2. verb, a; 3. noun, b; 4. noun, a
Critical Thinking
1. Participants in white lab coats partly viewed
themselves as scientists or doctors and behaved in a
way that they believe professionals in science tend to;
2. Answers will vary. An activity where participants
have to closely listen to directions and then follow
them would test if people are paying attention or not.

Lesson 4B
Answer Key
1. “Rainbow”; 2. Secondhand stores; 3. A tiny suitcase Part 2
full of underwear Understanding Key Details
Guesses will vary. Actual answers are: 1. bright;
Part 1 2. fit in; 3. confident; 4. talk
Previewing
A. I look pretty unique Recognizing the Speaker’s Point of View
B. Reduces the impact of her wardrobe on the 1. b; 2. She means we can look good in any kind of
environment and the cost to her, as well as allows her outfit if we feel confident.
to meet interesting people, donate to charity, look
unique, and enjoy shopping Comparing Messages
1. 1. B; 2. A
Getting the Main Ideas 2. a. Answers will vary. b. Answers will vary.
b, c
Critical Thinking
Understanding Details 1. Arrington talks about needing to learn that another
The following should be checked: 1, 4, 5 great find is right around the corner, so she doesn’t
need to keep everything she buys; 2. Answers will
Critical Thinking vary.
1. She is going to share some private information with
everyone; 2. Answers will vary.

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Lesson 5A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss
1. and 2. Answers will vary.
Pre-reading
A. b
B. 1. b; 2. c
Getting the Main Ideas
1. c; 2. The following should be checked: a, c
Identifying Approximate Numbers
Paragraph 1: about 6 billion; Paragraph 2: around
8 million, over 100 years old; Paragraph 3: hundreds
of thousands; Paragraph 4: 20 pounds (9 kilos)
or more
1. About 6 billion; 2. Around 8 million; 3. Over
100 years; 4. 20 pounds or more
Understanding Visuals
A. 1. F, increased; 2. F, 80 billion; 3. T; 4. F, just
under half; 5. T
Lesson 5B
Answer Key
1. He felt it was taking up all his energy; 2. A TED
Talk by Stefan Sagmeister called “The power of time
off”
3. It is a project that Kuriyama started in which he
films and compiles one second of his life every day.
Part 1
Previewing
Kuriyama started the project because he was tired of
forgetting what had happened in his own life.
Getting the Main Ideas
A. One day, Kuriyama forgot to record his one
second.
He was so disappointed that he had lost that day that
he became committed to never forgetting again.
B. The following should be checked: 1, 3, 5
Critical Thinking
1. He means that time goes quickly and the longer
you live, the more events of the past seem to just
blend together as we forget details and specifics.
2. Answers will vary.
Building Vocabulary
A. image; equipment; record; preserved
B. 1. precious; 2. records; 3. look after; 4. cameras
Getting Meaning from Context
1. Bonner is referring to the general public in the
modern world. Possible synonyms include: people,
the public, modern society, etc. 2. Easily damaged or
broken
Critical Thinking
1. Answers will vary. He likely means that we feel a
sense of connection to people of the past when we
study old photographs of them, and we enjoy getting
to know them, and getting exposed to a time we don’t
know well, in this way.; 2. Answers will vary.
Part 2
Recognizing the Speaker’s Message
A. The following sentence should be underlined: It’s
not always a good day, so when you have a bad one,
I think it’s important to remember it, just as much as it
is important to remember the [good] days; Possible
answers include: Both ups and downs in life are
important to remember as without one, we wouldn’t
have the other.
B. 1. His sister-in-law was very ill in the hospital; 2. He
wanted to remember life as he saw it.
Understanding Key Details
1. T; 2. T; 3. F, he says he tries to capture the
moment the way he saw it; 4. F, he thinks it would be
interesting to see what the same day was like for a lot
of people from all over the world; 5. T
Critical Thinking
1. and 2. Answers will vary.
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Lesson 6A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss
1. and 2. Answers will vary.
Pre-reading
A. b, a, c
B. Answers will vary. Possibilities include: Torre
David: colorful, lively, unfinished, exposed,
resourceful;
Earthscraper: underground, big/large, deep, green/
eco-friendly, expensive; home by Dan Phillips:
ecofriendly/green, natural, small, cozy, sustainable,
cheap, resourceful
C. Iwan Baan, photographer; Dan Phillips, builder and
TED speaker; Emelio Barjau, architect
Getting the Main Ideas
b Phillips’s homes, finding replacements when repairs
Organizing Supporting Details
Location: a, d, i
Description: e, h, b
Materials: f, c, g
Understanding Reasons
1. c; 2. b; 3. a; 4. e; 5. d
Lesson 6B
Answer Key
1. photographer; 2. how ordinary people create
spaces to work and live, especially in poorer
countries; 3. how people adapt to their environments
when resources are not available and are creative in
making their communities
Part 1
Previewing
A. 1. appear; 2. located; 3. adapted; 4. become
Getting the Main Idea
b disadvantaged, brilliant, remarkable, ingenious,
Understanding Key Details
A. Professions: c, e; Entertainment: a; Services
and Institutions: b, f; Transportation: d
B. Professions: shopkeeper; Entertainment:
playground; Services and Institutions: electricity
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary. Baan is referring to the world
population crisis. As populations explode, many big
cities are faced with a lack of habitable space as
undeveloped land becomes scarce. Especially in
Building Vocabulary
A. 1. unique; 2. Materials; 3. community; 4. residents
B. 1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. d
Getting Meaning from Context
A. c
B. To discover a way to create benefit from
something; a
Critical Thinking
1. Answers will vary. Possibilities include: being
unique and creative homes, developing from the
needs of the community, making use of what’s
available in the surroundings, etc.
2. Answers will vary. Possibilities include: With Torre
David, issues of safety as well as sanitation; For Dan
are needed may be difficult.
Explore More
Dan Phillips’s buildings celebrate the beauty of being
imperfect and being unique.
poorer countries, many people cannot afford to pay for
housing, which is why they make their own homes out
of whatever space and/or land is available and
whatever resources they can find.
Part 2
Understanding Main Ideas
1. b; 2. c
Recognizing Attitude
A. The following should be underlined: absent, found,
particular, basic
B. His attitude is positive, which is clear by his choice
of the adjectives brilliant, remarkable, and ingenious.
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary.
Explore More
Baan mentions Chandigarh, India, and talks in detail
about Torre David in Caracas, Venezuela; Makoko in
Lagos, Nigeria; Zabbaleen in Cairo, Egypt; and finally
Shanxi, Henan, and Gansu in China.
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Lesson 7A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss
1. and 2. Answers will vary.
Pre-reading
A. Answers will vary. Often videos that go viral are
silly and make people laugh; B. Answers will vary.
Warhol means that each person will have a brief time
during which they’re well known. Students may point
to YouTube and reality TV shows as indications of
Warhol’s prediction becoming true; C. c
Getting the Main Ideas
1. b; 2. b; 3. We all have more ownership of our own
pop culture, which means we have a role in deciding
what becomes popular. We don’t need anyone else to
green-light, or approve, it.
Scanning for Numbers
1. F, 15 minutes; 2. T; 3. F, 200 million; 4. T
Understanding a Graph
A. 1. 2/22/11; 2. 3/11/11; 3. 3/25/11
B. about two weeks
Identifying Transition Words
A. The following should be underlined: 1. The tune is
simple, and the lyrics don’t make sense; 2. It had the
Lesson 7B
Answer Key
1. As the Trends Manager at YouTube, part of his job
is watching videos; 2. 1 billion; 3. Answers will vary.
Part 1
Previewing
A. Allocca is referring to a situation that captures the
attention of an audience so large that it becomes a
noticeable pop culture trend for the moment; B. The
following should be circled: tastemakers, communities
of participation, and unexpectedness
Getting the Main Ideas
A. a, c
B. The following should be checked: 1, 3, 5
Part 2
Previewing
A. Guesses may vary. Actual answers are: creativity;
joke; participate
B. b
same tune but different words; Its lyrics didn’t make
sense either, but they were very funny; 3. We all now
have more ownership of our own pop culture, and
no-one has to green-light our ideas . . .
B. 1. but; 2. and; 3. and
Getting Meaning from Context
A. Answers may vary. Something that goes viral is
seen by millions of people because so many people
share it with their friends online.
B. To “green-light” something means to give approval
for it.
Building Vocabulary
A. 1. makes sense; 2. Talent; 3. definition; 4. predict
B. 1. expected; 2. sensation; 3. Suddenly; 4. posted
Critical Thinking
1. Answers will vary. While it’s probably true that
Black didn’t enjoy being made fun of by others, she
made money from the viral video, which she could use
for her music career, and she gained a new audience,
some of whom became her fans; 2. Answers will vary.
Possibilities include: TV stars, musicians, editors of
popular online websites, bloggers
Recognizing the Speaker’s Message
participate (by spreading the video or doing something
new with it)
Part 3
Understanding Key Details
The following should be checked: 2, 4
Using Visuals to Summarize
A. Clockwise from top left: Community of
Participation, Friday, Casey Niestadt,
Unexpectedness
B. Answers will vary.
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary. Possibilities include: blog, create
websites, join forums, support causes online, etc.
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Lesson 8A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss
1. Answers will vary. Humans may kill big cats
because they feel threatened by them in regards to
safety or livelihood. 2. Answers will vary. Big cats can
kill livestock as well as attack humans or cause other
damage to communities.
Paragraph 3: Consequently, As a result; Paragraph
4: Because of; Paragraph 5: due to, because of
B. 1. d; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c
Visualizing Details
from top to bottom: b, c, e, d, a

Pre-reading Building Vocabulary

A. 1. in the southern and eastern parts of Africa; 2. by A. 1. migrate; 2. wild; 3. benefit; 4. government
1,150,000; 3. loss of habitat due to land development B. 1. c; 2. a; 3. b; 4. a, c
and hunting/killing
B. 1. The passage is a news report as indicated by Getting Meaning from Context
the caused a great surprise and emotional reaction
use of a headline, date, and opening paragraph style; among
2. Kenya; conflicts between lions and farmers many people

Getting the Main Ideas Understanding Infographics

1. b; 2. b; 3. She is a conservationist who is 1. b; 2. b; 3. a; 4. a
concerned
for the lions of Kenya.
Critical Thinking
1. Answers will vary; 2. Answers will vary. A lasting
Identifying Cause and Effect solution must protect the lions but also give benefit to
A. The following words should be circled in the the farmers.
passage: Paragraph 2: therefore, has led to;

Lesson 8B
Answer Key
1. He helps look after his family’s cattle./He invented a Part 2
solution to stop lions from killing his family’s cattle; Understanding Key Details
2. electronics; 3. A lion killed one of his family’s cows. 1. a; 2. c; 3. a; 4. b

Part 1 Recognizing Tone and Message

Previewing 1. b; 2. b
A. The following should be underlined: to use fire, use
a scarecrow Summarizing a Process
B. Guesses will vary. Actual answers are: 1. scared; A. 1. b; 2. a; 3. c
2. clever; 3. kills; 4. moving B. 2. b; 3. d; 5. a; 6. c

Getting the Main Ideas Critical Thinking

B. 1. see the cowshed better because of the fire;
2. the scarecrow was not moving
Critical Thinking
Answers will vary. Turere builds a system of flashing
lights to keep the lions away.
1. to have a confrontation; farmers versus the lions,
farmers versus the government and conservationists;
Turere versus the lions; 2. Answers will vary.
Explore More
Turere talks about how he used to hate lions but now
he can live with them without conflict. He also shares
how he received a scholarship to a prestigious school
because of his invention and that he has been able to
help others in his community save their livestock, too.

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Lesson 9A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss Building Vocabulary
1. Answers will vary. Possible answers include: unity, A. 1. abandoned; 2. public; 3. initiative;
open communication, happy people, etc.; 2. Answers 4. neighborhoods
will vary. Art often brightens a space and makes it B. 1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. b
more enjoyable to be in.
Getting Meaning from Context
Pre-reading 1. to give someone a platform to share their thoughts;
A. c; B. b; C. Answers will vary. Most people are 2. Answers will vary. Possibilities include: town hall
probably writing to share their thoughts and ideas with meetings to debate community issues, meetings
the community. between community leaders and people, community
projects, etc.
Getting the Main Ideas
1. b; 2. b, c Critical Thinking
1. She was surprised how eager people were to
Understanding a Paragraph’s Purpose participate. She didn’t expect the wall to be covered
1. a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. b with responses so quickly; 2. Answers will vary.
Chang’s hope is that people communicate and think
Understanding References and take action to make the neighborhood a better
1. an old building; 2. outside walls of vacant buildings; place to live; 3. Answers will vary.
3. residents; 4. cities

Lesson 9B
Answer Key
1. to get people to think about and share their secret Understanding Key Details
hopes, dreams, and wishes; 2. People share their 1. b; 2. a; 3. c
personal dreams and wishes. Answers about
differences may vary. One point is that the “I Wish Critical Thinking
This Was . . .” project asks people to comment on 1. She means that it’s easy to get caught up in our
their opinions about a public space, while the “Before I daily lives and not think about bigger issues, like our
Die . . .” project asks for them to reveal more private dreams and hopes for the future; 2. Answers will vary.
and personal dreams. 3. Chang’s project has been
repeated over 500 times worldwide in over Part 2
30 languages and over 65 countries, and a book has Predicting
been published about it. Predictions will vary. Actual answers are: laugh,
neighbors, space, grow
Part 1
Previewing
Recognizing the Speaker’s Point of View
A. to make it a nicer space for her neighborhood
a, c
B. the death of her friend Joan, who was like a mother
to Chang
C. Answers will vary. Critical Thinking
1. and 2. Answers will vary.
Getting the Main Ideas
1. F, Answers may vary. Her friend’s death partly
inspired the idea behind the project “Before I Die . . .”
2. T; 3. T

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Lesson 10A
Answer Key
Think and Discuss Getting the Main Ideas
1. Some machines help us live our daily lives and do a
our work more smoothly such as computers,
smartphones, cars, trains, as well as household Identifying Main and Supporting Ideas
appliances like washing machines, vacuums, etc.; in Paragraphs
2. Answers will vary. Most often robots are portrayed 1. M; 2. S; 3. S; 4. S; 5. S; 6. M; 7. S; 8. S; 9. M
in movies as humanlike friends with a sense of humor
and the ability to think and feel emotions.
Making Comparisons
Nexi: d, c; Autom: b, f; Both: a, e
Pre-reading
A. 1. Both robots have human characteristics such as
Building Vocabulary
heads, eyes, and mouths. Both can be described as
A. 1. respond; 2. express; 3. motivate; 4. develop;
cute and friendly looking; 2. Guesses will vary. Both
5. interact
robots can express emotions.
B. 1. emotion; 2. generation; 3. advice
B. c
C. Answers will vary. Autom is a health coach. Other
possibilities include: medical coach, domestic helper, Getting Meaning from Context
school tutor, etc. 1. b; 2. c; 3. a

Critical Thinking
1. Answers will vary; 2. Answers will vary.

Lesson 10B
Answer Key
1. create a new kind of robot, one that was good with but her young boys don’t like talking on Skype or the
people; 2. education, health, communication; phone.
3. Answers will vary. Robots can act as tutors, 2. Answers will vary.
coaches, communication devices, etc.
Understanding Key Details
Part 1 1. b; 2. b; 3. b
Previewing
A. 1. d; 2. a; 3. b; 4. c Summarizing
The following should be checked: 1, 3, 4, 5
Getting the Main Idea
b Critical Thinking
Answers will vary.
Understanding Sequence
7, 5, 3, 1, 6, 4, 2 Explore More
Breazeal says that a robot can be a friendly,
Part 2 supportive
Understanding Main Ideas presence to motivate us to form healthy habits over a
A. 1. She wants her children to have a good long period of time.
relationship with their grandparents who live far away,

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