A.

THE GOLDEN RULES OF FIRST AID

DO’s and DON’T’s of First Aid

1. What to do:
 Do obtain consent, when possible.
 Do think the worst, it’s best to administer first aid for the gravest possibility.
 Do call or send for help.
 Do remember to identify yourself to the victim.
 Do provide comfort and emotional support.
 Do respect the victim’s modesty and physical privacy.
 Do be as calm and as direct as possible.
 Do care for the most serious injuries first.
 Do assist the victim with his or her prescription medication.
 Do keep onlookers away from the injured person.
 Do handle the victim to a minimum.
 Do loosen tight clothing.

2. What not to do:

 Do not further harm the victim like the following
- trying to arouse an unconscious victim
- administering fluid/alcoholic drink
 Do not let the victim see his own injury.
 Do not leave the victim alone, except to get help.
 Do not assume that the victim’s obvious injuries are the only ones.
 Do not deny a victim’s physical or emotional coping limitation.
 Do not make any unrealistic promises.
 Do not trust the judgment of a confused victim.
 Do not require the victim to make decision.

B. GUIDELINES IN GIVING EMERGENCY CARE

1. Essentials
- Be calm, know what to do.
- Planning of action.
- Gathering the needed materials
- Initial response
 A – Ask for help
I – Intervene
D – Do not further harm

2. Emergency Action Principles

a. Survey the scene
 Is the scene safe?
 What happened?
 How many people are injured?
 Are there bystanders who can help?
 Identify yourself as trained first aider.

b. Do a primary survey of the victim

 Check for vital body function
 Breathing and Circulation
A – Airways
B – Breathing = rise and fall of abdomen
C – Circulation = heart beat
 Check for injuries (wounds)
 Open wounds
 Close wounds
Open wound – a break in the skin / the protective skin layer is damaged
Close wound – involves the underlying tissue without break/damage in the skin.
TRANSFER OF VICTIMS

Types of Carries:
A) One-man Carry B) Two-man Carry
1. Fireman’s carry 1. 4 hand set
2. Assist to walk 2. Assist to walk with assistance
3. Carry in arms (lover’s carry) 3. Hand as a litter
4. Piggy back carry 4. Chain as a litter
5. Packstrap carry 5. Stretcher
6. Packstrap carry with sling 6. Spine board
- use of blanket
- use of sack
- use of jacket
C) Three to four-man Carry
1. Hammock carry – use in wide space
2. Bearers alongside – narrow space

Types of Drag: Types of Splint:

A) Fireman’s drag Splint – stability of the fractured part of the
B) Fireman’s crawl victim’s body.
C) Shoulder / Collar drag 1. Sandwich
D) Foot drag 2. L – type
3. Body splint

DRESSING AND BANDAGING GUIDELINES

1) Skin is not sterile. If a dressing slips over the victim’s skin while you are trying to position it,
discard and use a fresh one, place the dressing over the wound, don’t slide it into place.
2) Use a dressing that is large enough to extend at least (1) one inch beyond the edges of the
wound.
3) If body tissue or organs exposed, cover the wound with a dressing that will stitch such as
plastic wrap or moistened gauge, then secure the dressing with a bandage.
4) If the bandage is over a joint, splint and make a bulky dressing so the joint remains
immobilized. The non-movement of a wound over a joint will ensure faster and improve
healing and will reduce scarring.
5) A bandage should fit snugly but should not cut-off circulation or cause the victim discomfort.
If the area beyond the wound changes color or begins to tingle or feel cold, start to swell, the
bandage is too tight and it needs to be loosened.

Ways to Stop Bleeding

1. Apply direct pressure.
2. Apply bandage.
3. Elevate the injured parts

A. Parts of Bandage

Apex

Base

B. Purpose of Bandage C. Foldings of Bandage

a) Apply pressure a) Open
b) To stop bleeding b) Broad
c) Keep the dressing intact c) Sime
d) Crabat
e) Do not roll