9th Science EM New Sura Guides Sample Notes 2022 2023 PDF Download

wwwww
www.Padasalai.Net
wwwww
www.CBSEtips.in
This is Only for Sample for Full Book Order Online or
Available at All Leading Bookstores
N Neett N Neett
lalai .i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa ddaassaa
ddaas
. P
. Paa . P
.Paa
w w
w w w
w
www www
Science
m
co
N Nett
e N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa ddaassaa
d a
d s
a
.
PP aa P
P aa
IX . . - Standard www. .
ks
w ww
www www
Based on the Updated New Textbook
oo
N Neett N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa ssaa s
ab
Salient Features :
a a d a a
d Exercises. aaddaa
. P
. P
Complete Solutions
w w to Textbook
w
w . P
. P
w
www Additional Question in all Units. w
www
ur
Exhaustive
Quarterly Exam - 2019 [QY - 2019] and Half Yearly Exam - 2019 [HY - 2019]
questions are incorporated in the appropriate sections.
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee i N
.i. Nee
Quarterly Exam - 2019 and Half Yearly Exam - 2019 Question Papers are
l
saa a
l a given.
s aa
s l a
l a s
w
aada
d a aaddaa
ww. P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
w
w
N Neett N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
saa d aasaa
s
SURA publications
d d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa Chennai
. P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
orders@surabooks.com www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
Kindly send me your answer keys to our email id - padasalai.net@gmail.com
wwwww
www.Padasalai.Net www.CBSEtips.in
wwwww
N Neett 2022-23 Edition

N Ne e tt
lalai .i. © Reserved with Publishers l a
l ai .i. Note from publisher
saa ddaassaa It gives me great pride and pleasure in aas

bringing to you Sura’s Science Guide for d d
P
. Paa
ISBN : 978-93-92559-71-6
. 9 Standard. th
It is prepared as per the . P
. P
Latest
aa
w
w
Code No. : SG 61
w w w w
www New Textbook.
www
m
This guide encompasses all the requirements
Author :
of the students to comprehend the text and
Mr. A. Murugesan, M.Sc., M.Ed., M.Phil., the evaluation of the textbook.
co
N Nett
e Chennai
N N e et t have been provided
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i. for clear understanding of
 Additional questions
saa Head Office:

a
Sura Publications dd
s
a a
s a exhaustively
d a
d s
a
.
the units under study.
. P
.Paa . P
. P aa
ks
1620, ‘J’ Block, 16th Main Road, Anna Nagar,
w w w In order to learn effectively,

w w
I
wadvise
www w
Chennai - 600 040.
students to learn the subject section-wise
Phones: 044-4862 9977, 044-4862 7755
and practice the exercises
Mobile : 81242 01000 / 81243 01000
wwgiven. It will be
a teaching companion to teachers and a
oo
e-mail : orders@surabooks.com
website : www.surabooks.com learning companion to students.
N Neett Though thesee

N N et t features are available in
salient
l a
l i
a .i. Our Guides for Std X
a i .i.teachers
this Guide,
l l a I cannot negate the indispensable
saa  RuhÉ‹ jÄœ ciuüš ddaassaa

Guides role of the in assisting the student
s
ab

aa to understand the subject thoroughly.
aaddaa



w
w . P
. P
Sura’s Smart English Guide
I sincerely believe
Sura’s Mathematics Guide (EM & TM)
this guide .
satisfies
w w P P
.the
the
 w
www needs of the students andw
teaching methodologies w
Sura’s Science Guide (EM & TM)
ofw
w
bolsters
ur
 Sura’s Social Science Guide (EM & TM)

the teachers.
I pray the almighty to bless the students for
Our Guides for Std XI, XII consummate success in their examinations.
tt tt
.s
i N N ee
Guides
.i. RuhÉ‹ jÄœ ciuüš i N
.i. Nee Subash Raj, B.E., M.S.
l a
l
saa a
Sura’s Smart English
s aa
s l a
l a s
- Publisher
w
Sura Publications
aada
d a
Sura’s Mathematics (EM/TM)
aaddaa

ww P
. P
Sura’s Physics (EM/TM)
.
Sura’s Chemistry (EM/TM) All the Bestww. P
. P
wwww w
www
w

Sura’s Bio-Botany & Botany (EM/TM)
(Short Version & Long Version)
For More Information - Contact
 Sura’s Bio-Zoology & Zoology (EM/TM)
w
(Short Version & Long Version) Doubts in Our Guides : enquiry@surabooks.com

 Sura’s Computer Science (EM/TM) For Order : o rders@surabooks.com
eett
 Sura’s Computer Applications (EM/TM)
N N N ett
e
Contact
N : 81242 01000 / 81243 01000
a i
a .i.
 Sura’s Commerce (EM/TM)
a i
a.i. Whatsapp : 81242 01000 / 98409 26027
06/04/2022
l
saa l  Sura’s Economics (EM/TM)
ss aal l s
Online Site : www.surabooks.com
 Sura’s Accountancy (EM/TM)
a
 Sura’s Business Maths (EM)
addaa ad
a a
d a
For Free Study Materials Visit http://tnkalvi.in
ww. P
. P (ii)
ww . P
. P
w
www
orders@surabooks.com wwww
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
N Neett N Neett
lalai .i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa ddaa
Contentsssaa
ddaas
. P
. Paa . P
.Paa
w w
w w w
w
www www
m
1. Measurement�� 1 - 16
2. Motion�� 17 - 40
co
N N tt
e N N ett
3. Fluids�� 41 - 60
e e
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
4. Electric charge and Electric current�� 61 - 76
saa ddaassaa
d a
d s
5. Magnetism and Electromagnetism�� 77 - 93
a
.
. P
.Paa . P
. Pa
6. Light�� 94 - 119
a
ks
w w
w www
7. Heat�� 120 - 137
www www
8. Sound�� 138 - 153
9. Universe�� 154 - 170
oo
10. Matter Around Us�� 171 - 185
N Neett N Neett
11. Atomic Structure�� 186 - 202
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
12. Periodic Classification of Elements�� 203 - 211
saa ssaa s
ab
aa daa aaddaa
13. Chemical Bonding�� 212 - 228
d
. P P . P P
14. Acids, Bases and Salts�� 229 - 243
w
w . w
w .
w
www w
www
15. Carbon and its Compounds�� 244 - 258
ur
16. Applied Chemistry�� 259 - 274

17. Animal Kingdom�� 275 - 287
tt tt
18. Organisation of Tissues�� 288 - 306
.s
i N
.i. Nee i N
.i. Nee
19. Plant Physiology�� 307 - 323
l
saa a
l a s aal a
l a s
20. Organ Systems in Animals�� 324 - 339
s
w
aada
d a a ddaa
21. Nutrition and Health�� 340 - 350
a
ww. P
. P w
w . P
. P
22. World of Microbes�� 351 - 370
w
www w
www
w
23. Economic Biology�� 371 - 390

24. Environmental Science�� 391 - 405
w
25. LibreOffice Impress�� 406 - 408
N
Neett ett
e
Common Quarterly Examination - 2019�� 409 - 410
N N
l a
l i
a .i.
l a
l i
a.i.
Common Half Yearly Examination - 2019�� 411 - 412
saa ddaas saa
d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww (iii)
w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
. P
. P a . P
. P a . P
. P a .P.P a . P
. P a
wwww wwww www.Padasalai.Net
wwww www.CBSEtips.in
wwww wwww
ww ww ww
Available at All Leading Bookstores ww ww
N Nett
e N Nett
e N Nett
e N Neett N
lalai .
i . lalai .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a.i . l a
l i
a .
i .
aassaa aassaa aassaa aassaa aassaa
P Paadd P Paadd P Paadd P Paadd P Paadd
w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . ww. .
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
N Neett N Neett N Neett N Neett N

l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . lalai.i .
aassaa aasaa
s aassaa aassaa aassaa
P Paadd P Paadd PPaadd P Paadd P Paadd
w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . ww. . w
w . .
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
m
tt tt tt tt
co
i .
i N
. Nee i .
i N
. Nee i .
iN.Nee i .
i N
. Nee i .
iN.
saa
s l a
l a s aa
s lal a saa
s l a
l a ss l
aa a
l a ss l
aa a
l a
aaddaa aada
d a aaddaa aaddaa aaddaa
.
ww. P
.P w
w . P
. P w
w .P.P ww. P
. P w
w .P.P
ks
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
oo
N Neett NNeett N Neett N Neett N
l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i .
aassaa aassaa aasaa
s aassaa aassaa
ab
w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . w
w . .
w
www w
www w
www
ur w
www w
www
eett ett
e eett eett
.s
lalai .
i N
. N l a
lai .
i N
. N l a
l i
a .
i N
. N lal i
a .
i N
. N l a
l i
a .
i N
.
aassaa a s
a aa
s aasaa
s as
a aa
s aassaa
d d d d d
w
PPaa d P Paa d P Paa d P Paa d P Paa d

w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . w
w . .
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
w
w

lalai .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i .
aasaa
s aassaa aassaa aassaa aassaa
w
w . . ww. . w
w . . w
w . . w
w . .
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www

l a
l i
a .
i . l a
lai.i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i . l a
l i
a .
i .
aasaa
s aassaa aassaa aassaa aassaa
w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . w
w . . w
w. .
w
www w
www w
www w
www w
www
orders@surabooks.com Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
eet t eet t eet t
Kindly send me your answer keys to our email id - padasalai.net@gmail.com eet t
wwwww
wwwww
N ee
UNIT
N tt NNeett
i .i. i .i. PHYSICS
01
l
saaala ss l
aa a
l a s
a ddaa a ddaa
w w
wMEASUREMENT
. P
. P a
w w
w . P
.P a
www www
m
co
N Nett
Learning
e Objectives
N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa
ddaassaa
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to
d a
d s
a
Understand the fundamental and derived quantities and their units.
.
. .Paa . P
. Paa
Know the rules to be followed while expressing physical quantities in SI
P
ks
w w
wunits.
www
www www
Get familiar with the usage of scientific notations.
Know the characteristics of measuring instruments.
Use vernier caliper and screw gauge for small measurements.

oo
Find the weight of an object using a spring balance.
N Neett N Neett
Know the importance of accurate measurements.
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa TEXT BOOK ssaEXERCISES
a s
ab
aadd:aa aaddaa
I. Choose the correct
w w . P
.P
answer
w
w . P
. P
w w w w
1. Choose the correct one.
w
w w
w [QY - 2019]
ur
(a) mm < cm < m < km (b) mm > cm > m > km

(c) km < m < cm < mm (d) mm > m > cm > km
tt tt [Ans : (a) mm < cm < m < km]
.s
i N
.i. Nee i N
.i. Nee
2. Rulers, measuring tapes and metre scales are used to measure
l
saa a
l a (a) mass
s aa
(b) weight
s l a
l a (c) time (d) length
s
w

aada
d a aaddaa [Ans : (d) length]
ww. P
. P
3. 1 metric ton is equal to
w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
w
(a) 100 quintals (b) 10 quintals

(c) 1/10 quintals (d) 1/100 quintals [Ans : (b) 10 quintals]
w
4. Which among the following is not a device to measure mass?
N Neett
(a) Spring balance
N N tt
(b) Beam balance
ee
l a
l i
a .i. (c) Physical balance
l a
l i
a.i.
(d) Digital balance
saa
ddaasaa
s [Ans : (a) Spring balance]
d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa [1]
. P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
2 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 01 MEASUREMENT
NII. e
N e t tin the blanks : 
NN e e tt 
lalai .i.1. Metre is the unit of _______________. lalai.i.

Fill
[Ans : length]
a
sa a a s a
sa
2. 1 kg of rice is weighed by _______________. [Ans : beam balance] aas
P P a
3. Thickness of a cricket ball is add by _________. [Ans : vernier caliper]
measured
PP aadd
w
4. Radius of a thin wirew .
is .
measured by ________. w
[Ans : screw w . .
gauge]
w w w w w w
wmeasures small differences in mass up to ___________.
w
m
5. A physical balance
[Ans : 1mg or less]
III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement :
co
1. The SI unit of electric current is kilogram.
N ett
e
Ans. False.
N N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
Correct statement : The SI unit of electric current is ampere.
saa dd assaa
2. Kilometre is one of the SI units of measurement.
a d a
d s
a
.
Ans. False.
. P
.Paa . P
. Paa
ks
Correct statement : Metre only SI unit. Kilometre is multiple of metre.
w w
w www
Ans. True. www www
3. In everyday life, we use the term weight instead of mass.
4. A physical balance is more sensitive than a beam balance.

oo
Ans. True.
N eett
Ans. True.
N N Neett
5. One Celsius degree is an interval of 1K and zero degree Celsius is 273.15 K.
l a
l i
a .i. l a i
a .i.
6. With the help of vernier caliper we can have an accuracy of 0.1 mm and with screw
l
saa ssaa s
ab
gauge we can have an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

Ans. True.
aaddaa aaddaa
ww .
IV. Match the following
PP
.: w
w . P
. P
1. Length w
w
ww kelvin wwww
ur
Ans. Length metre

Mass metre Mass kilogram
Time kilogram Time second
tt tt
.s
i NN e eTemperature second
.i. 2. Screw gauge Vegetables Ans.lalaiScrew N N e e Temperature
.i. gauge Coins kelvin
l
saa a
l a ssaa Vernier caliper Cricket ball s
w
Coins da a d aa
Vernier caliper
PP a a d Vegetables .P Paa d
Beam balance
ww. . ball
Gold ornaments Beam balance
ww .
w w w w
w
Digital balance Cricket Digital balance Gold ornaments

ww
V. Assertion and reason type questions :
ww
w
Mark the correct answer as :
N Neett N N tt
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct reason.
ee
l a
l i
a .i. (c) A is true but R is false.l a
l i
a.i.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason.
saa ddaasaa
s
(d) A is false but R is true
d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 01  MEASUREMENT 3
N1. e
N e t t (A) : The scientifically correct expression
Assertion
N Nee
is
t“The
t mass of the bag is
lalai .i. 10 kg”
l a
l i
a .i.
saa d aa saathe term weight instead of mass.
Reason (R) : In everyday life, wesuse
dand R are true but R is not the correct reason] ddaas

.
0º C .PP a a
[Ans : (a) Both A
. P
.P aa
w w
2. Assertion (A) :
w = 273.16 K. For our convenience we take it as 273
wrounding off the decimal. w w ww
K after
w w w w
m
Reason (R) : To convert a temperature on the Celsius scale we have to add 273
to the given temperature.
co
[Ans : (b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason]
N Nett
e N Neett
3. Assertion (A) : Distance between two celestial bodies is measured in terms of light
lalai.i. year.
l a
l i
a .i.
saa a ssaa a s
Reason (R) : The distance travelled by the light in one year is one light year.
dd a d d a
.

. P
.:Paa . P
. Paa
[Ans : (b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason]
ks
w ww
VI. Answer very briefly
www
www
1. Define measurement. www
Ans. Measurement is the processes of comparison of the given physical quantity with the
oo
known standard quantity of the same nature.
N2. e
N e t t standard unit.
Define
N N e e tt [QY - 2019]
l a
l i
a .i. Unit is the quantity of a constant magnitude lwhich
Ans.
a
l ai .iis.used to measure the magnitudes
saa 3. ofWhat other quantities of the same nature. a
s s a s
ab
is the full form of SIa a dda

system?
a aaddaa
International System
Ans. w w . P
of . P
Units. w w . P
. P
w wof any device.
wwcount www w
ur
4. Define least [HY - 2019]

(i) The smallest length which can be measured by metre scale is called least count.
Value of one main scale division
(ii) Least count of the instrument =
tt tt
.s
i NNee
.i. Least count = [Pitch / No. of head scale divisions]
i N
.i. N e e
Total number of vernier scale division
l a
l a
saa 5. What do you know about pitchddofaascrew l a
l a
ssaagauge? s
w
a a aaddaa •
•••
Pitch of the screw gauge

Ans.
w w . P
. P
is the distance between two successive screw . P
threads.
w w P
.of
It
w w www w
w
is measured by the ratio of distance travelled on the pitch scale to the number
ww
rotations of the head scale.
Pitch = [Distance travelled on the pitch scale / Number of rotations of the head scale]
w
N N ett N N tt
6. Can you find the diameter of a thin wire of length 2 m using the ruler from your
e ee
l a
l i
a .i. instrument box?
l a
l i
a.i.
saa ddaasaa
Ans. Yes, first you have to wound the wire around the scale for 10 cm and count the
s d a
d s
a
number of turns in it. Then if you divide 10 cm by number of turns which gives the
. . Paa
thickness of the wire.
P . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
NN e e tt 
NN e ett 
lalai .i.1. Write the rules that are followed in writinglaltheai.isymbols

VII. Answer briefly :
. of units in SI system.
saa
d aa ss aa
dare written in lower case. ddaas
[QY - 2019]
PP a a
(i) Units named after scientists
Ans.
. . newton. . P
.P aa
ww
Eg. joule, kelvin
w and
wthe units are always written in lower case. www w ww
w w
m
(ii) Symbols for
Eg. m, kg and s.
(iii) However, the symbols for the units derived from the names of scientists are
co
N Nett
e written in capital letters.
N Neett
lalai.i.
l a
l i
a .i.
Eg. C (Celsius), N (newton) and J (joule).
saa
d da
Eg. 75 cm and not 75 cm. a saa
(iv) Symbols are not followed by a full stop.
s d a
d s
a
.
. P
.P aa . P
. Paa
ks
(v) Symbols are never written in plural.
w w w www

www
Eg. 100 kg, not as 100 kgs.
2. Write the need of a standard unit.
www
Ans. A Standard Unit is needed to maintain uniformity in measurements like length,
oo
weight, size and distance. Eg: Standard Unit of length is metre.
NN eet t mass and weight. NNe e tt •
l a
l i
a .i.Ans. Sl. No.
3. Differentiate
l al ai .i. Weight [HY - 2019] • • •
saa Mass
ssaDerived
a quantity s
ab
1. Fundamental quantity
a ad a a
d – Has magnitude and direction – vectorPPaad d aa
2.
w w.
Has magnitude P
. P alone
w w ..
w w wwquantity
scalar quantity
w w ww
ur
3. It is the amount of matter It is the normal force exerted by the surface

contained in a body on the object against gravitational pull
t t tt
.s
i .
i N
. Nee 4. Remains the same
i NN e e
Varies from place to place
.i. using spring balance
l
saa a
l a 5.
balance ss aa a
l a
It is measured using physical It is measured
l s
w
6. a
Its unit is kilogram ad a a
d Its unit is newton aaddaa
w w . P P
.the least count of vernier caliper? w w. P
. P
wwor ww w
ww with a
w
4. How will you measure

Least Count
Ans. L.C. is the minimum reading or value that can bew measured
measuring tool or device.
w
NN et t a method to find the thickness of a hollowNN

VIII. Answer in detail :
e e ett
l a
l i
a .i. Step 1 : The Pitch, Least count and the typelalaofi.izero
1. Explain . error of the screw gauge are
tea cup.
saa Ans.
determined. d aa ssaa
din between two studs. d a
d s
a
.
Step 2 : The given cupP
. P
is
a a
placed . P
. P aa
w w w w w w
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
N N eett 
N Neett 
lalai .i. Additional Questions

l a
l i
a .i.
saa I. Choose the correct answerdda: assaa ddaas
1. Length is ________ P
. P aa
. in an object . P
.Paa
(a) The amount wofw w
w
(b) The w w matter
wwof space an object takes up.
amount w
www
m
(c) The distance between two points.
(d) The amount of stuff in an object[Ans : (c) The distance between two points]
2. Mass is ________.
co
N Nett
(a) The distance between two points
e N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
(b) The distance between three points
(c) The amount of matter contained in an object
saa a ssaa
(d) The amount of space an object occupies.
dd a d a
d s
a
.

. P
.Paa . P
. Pa
[Ans : (c) The amount of matter contained in an object]
a
ks
3. Unit used to measure length
w
(a) metre w
w www
(b) litre
www
(c) gram
4. Unit which is used to measure mass
www
(d) cubic metre (m3) [Ans : (a) metre]
(a) ml (b) l (c) cm (d) gram

oo
[Ans : (d) gram]
eett
5. How many metres are there in 1 nanometer?
N N N Neett
l a
l i
a .i.

(a) 10–10m (b) 10–9m
l a
l i
a .i. (c) 109m (d) 1010m
[Ans : (b) 10–9m]
saa ssaa s
ab
(a) km
aadda
(b) m (c) cm
aadda
6. What unit will you use to measure the length of our classroom?
a a (d) mm

w
w . P
. P w
w . P
. P [Ans : (b) m]
w
www
7. The Kelvin is the basic unit of _______
w
www
ur
(a) temperature (b) mass (c) length (d) volume

[Ans : (a) temperature]
8. ________ consists of ‘U’ shape metal frame
(a) Screw gauge (b) Vernier caliper (c) Beam balance (d) Spring balance
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee
i N
.i. Nee
9. Least count of a vernier caliper is ________ cm.
[Ans : (a) screw gauge]
l
saa a
l a (a) 1
s aa
(b) 0.1
s l a
l a (c) 0.01
s (d) 0.001
w

aada
d a aaddaa [Ans : (c) 0.01]
10. If no object is placed on the hook, then the pointer of the spring balance reads
______
ww. P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
w
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 [Ans : (d) 0]

11. SI unit of mass and weights are ________.
(a) kg, N (b) N, kg (c) K, N (d) N, K
[Ans : (a) kg, N]
w
12. Units named after scientists ________.
N Neett
(a) lower case
N Nett
e
(b) upper case
l a
l i
a .i. (c) both (a) and (b)
l a
l i
a.i. (d) neither (a) or (b)[Ans : (a) lower case]
saa (a) Screw guage

ddaa aa
13. An instrument that is used to measure the diameter of a cricket ball is ________. • •• •
ss (b) Meter scale
d a
d s
a
. . Paa
(c) Vernier caliper
P (d) Spring balance
. P
. Paa
[Ans : (a) Vernier caliper]
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 01  MEASUREMENT 9
N N e e t t between Chennai and Kanyakumari canNN

14. Distance beeet t in
found
lalai .i. (a) Kilometres (b) Metres (c) lCentimetres al i
a .i. (d) Millimetres.
a
sa
a as saa [Ans : (a) Kilometres]
aas
II. Fill in the blanks :
P P a ad d PP aadd
ww .
1. The precision of vernier.calipers is __________ mm. [Ans : (a)w w . .
0.1mm]
ww w w
w any object, the distance fallen is proportionalwwto ________.
w
m
2. The gravity accelerates
[Ans : time squared]
3. SI unit of electric current is ________. [Ans : ampere]
co
N N tt
4. Larger unit for measuring time is ________.
ee N Neett [Ans : millennium]
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
5. The value of an astronomical unit is ________. [Ans : 1.496 × 1011m]
saa 6. Mass is a ________ quantity.
ddaassaa
d a
d
III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement :s
a
[Ans : scalar]
.
. P
.Paa . P
. Paa
ks
1. The precision of screw guage is 0.001cm.
w w
w www
www www
Ans. True.
2. The unit of amount of substance is candela
Ans. False.
oo
Correct statement : The unit of amount of substance is mole.
N N ett N N ett
3. The symbol for the units derived from the names of scientists are written in capital letter
e e
l a
l i
a .i.Ans. True.
l a
l i
a .i.
saa ssaa
4. Yard was used as the unit of length.
s
ab
Ans. True.
aaddaa aaddaa
Ans. True. w
w P
. P
5. Micron is also known as micro-metre
. w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
6. A vernier caliper using the scale invented by Galileo.
ur
Ans. False.
Correct statement : A vernier caliper using the scale invented Pierre Vernier.
tt tt
.s
7. The SI unit of mass is kg.
i N
.i. Nee
Ans. True.
i N
.i. Ne e
l
saa a
l a aal a
l a
8. Weight has both magnitude and direction.
s s s
w
Ans. True.
a d
a a
d a aaddaa
w . P
.
w P
:
w w . P
. P
w
www Column - II ww
w
1. Column - I Column - I
ww
Column - II
Ans.
w
FPS Metre, kilogram and FPS oot, pound and

F
N Neett second
N Nett
e second
l a
l i
a .i. CGS
l a
l i
a.i.
Foot, pound and second CGS centimetre, gram and
saa MKS or SI
d a
centimetre, gram and
d s
a aa MKS or SI
s second
d a s
a
Metre, kilogram and
d
second
. P
. P a a . P
. Paa
second
w w w w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
N2. e
N etColumn
t I

NN ee t t Column II 
lalai .i. 10 years Column II

l a
l ai
Ans. .i. 1 decade
Column I
saa 10 centuries
1 year
1 century (100 dd a a
years)
ssaa 10 centuries 1 millennium
10 years
ddaas
. P
.
10 decades 1 millenniumP aa 10 decade 1 century (100 . P
.
years) Paa
365.24 days w w w w w w
www 1 decade 365.24 days 1
www
year
m
3. Column I Column II Ans. Column I Column II
Angle m Angle radian
co
N Nett
e Solid angle radian
N Ne ett Solid angle steradian
lalai.i. Length s
l a
l ai .i. Length m
saa 4. Column I Column

Time
d aa
dII ssaa
steradian Time
d a
d s
a
s
.
. PPa
. m a Column I Column II a
Ans.
10 mw .. PP a
ks
Millimeter
w w
w 10
w 10 m
–15
Millimeter
ww w –3
Angstrom
w
Nanometer w 10 m
oo–3
–9
Nanometer
Angstrom
w
w10 m
10 m
–9
–10
Fermi 10–10m Fermi 10–15m
NN5.eet tColumn I Column II Ans. Column N NeetIt Column II

l a
l i
a .i. Temperature Beam balance l a
l ai .i.
Temperature Thermometer
a
s a ssaa s
ab
Mass
Length
Ruler
a ad
Digital clockdaa Mass
Length
Beam balance
Ruler aaddaa
Time ww . P
. P
Thermometer Time w w
Digital clock . P
. P
w
wwandwreason type : www w
ur
V. Assertion
1. Assertion (A) : Light year and wave length both measure distance
Reason (R) : Both have dimensions of time.
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee(c) A is true but R is false. i N
.i. Nee
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
l
saa a
l a aal
(d) A is false but R is true.
s s a
l a [Ans : (c) A is true but R is false]
s
w
aa a
d a
2. Assertion (A) : Density is a derived physical quantity
d aaddaa
Reason (R) : Density cannot be derived from the fundamental physical quantities.
ww. P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
w

(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true. [Ans : (c) A is true but R is false]
Correct statement : Density can be derived from mass and volume.
w
3. Assertion (A) : Mass, Length and Time are fundamental physical quantities.
N Neett N Nett
Reason (R) : They are independent of each other.
e
l a
l i
a .i. l a i
a.i.
l
saa dd asaa
s
(c) A is true but R is false.
a
(d) A is false but R is true.
d a
d s
a

. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
[Ans : (b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A]
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
www.Padasalai.Net
wwwww www.CBSEtips.in
wwwww
UNIT
eett eett
02
lalai N
.i. N l a
l i
a N
.i. N
saa d aassaa
d MOTION ddaas
. P
. Paa . P
.Paa
w w
w w w
w
www www
m
Learning Objectives
co
N
Neett N N ee tt
lalai.i. List the objects which are at rest and which
Students will be able to
l a
l i
a .i.in motion around them.
are
saa s aa s

a a s
Understand distance and displacement.

d d d a
d a
.

. P Pa a
Determine the displacement and distance covered by an object
.of vehicles as uniform motion and non-uniform
describing
. P
.
a
Paa
ks
circular path .
w w ww
Classify the motion
ww wwmotion.

ww
distinguish between speed and velocity.
Relate accelerated and unaccelerated motion.

oo w w
Deduce the equations of motion of an object from velocity – time graph.
Write the equations of motion for a freely falling body.
N Neett

Understand the nature of circular motion.
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i.
l a
l i
a .i.
Identify centripetal force and centrifugal force in day to day life.
saa s saa s
ab
TEXT aad a
BOOK a
d EXERCISES aaddaa
w w . P P
. : w
w . P
. P
wwww
I. Choose the correct answer w
www
ur
1. The area under velocity – time graph represents the

(a) velocity of the moving object. (b) displacement covered by the moving object.
(c) speed of the moving object. (d) acceleration of the moving object.
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee

i N
.i. Nee
[Ans : (b) displacement covered by the moving object]
2. Which one of the following is most likely not a case of uniform circular motion?
l
saa a
l a (a) Motion of the Earth around the Sun.
s aa
s l a
l a s
w
aa a
d a
(b) Motion of a toy train on a circular track.
d aaddaa
ww. P
(c) Motion of a racing car on a circular track.
. P
(d) Motion of hours’ hand on the dial of the clock. w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
w
[Ans : (c) Motion of a racing car on a circular track]

3. Which of the following graph represents uniform motion of a moving particle?
w

Distance
Distance
Distance
Distance
(a) (b) (d) (c)
N Ne tt
e N Net
e t
l a
l i
a .i. Time
l a
l i
a.i. Time Time Time
saa sa
sa s
Distance
[Ans : (b) ]
aaddaa a d
a a
d a Time
ww. P
. P w
w. P
. P
[ 17 ]
w
www
orders@surabooks.com wwww
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
18 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 02 MOTION
N4. e
N et tcentrifugal force is
The

N Neett 
lalai .i. (a) a real force. l a

l ai .i.
saa (c) a virtual force. d a s
(b) the force of reaction of centripetal
a saa
force.
dof the circular path. [Ans : (c) a virtual force] ddaas
P
(d) directed towards .the
. Pa a
centre . P
.P aa
w w w w ww
www
II. Fill in the blanks :
www
m
1. Speed is a _________ quantity whereas velocity is a ________ quantity. [HY - 2019]
[Ans : Scalar, Vector]
2. The slope of the distance – time graph at any point gives ________. [Ans : Speed]
co
N N eett N N eett
3. Negative acceleration is called _________. [Ans : retardation (or) deceleration ]
lalai.i. a i .i.
4. Area under velocity – time graph shows ____________.
l l a [Ans : displacement]
saa III. State whether true or false. If s

d da a saacorrect the statement :
false,
d a
d s
a
.
1. The motion of a city bus in a a
. P
. P a
a heavy traffic road is an example for uniform motion.
. P
. P a
ks
False.
Ans.
w w w
wmotion.
Correct statement w
: The motion of a city bus in a heavy traffic road is anw
w w
example
w w
for non-uniform
2. Acceleration can get negative value also.
oo ww
Ans. True.
3. Distance covered by a particle never becomes zero but displacement becomes zero.
N eett
Ans. True.
N N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
4. The velocity – time graph of a particle falling freely under gravity would be a straight
saa line parallel to the x axis.

ssaa s
ab
Ans. False.
aaddaa aaddaa
Correct statement : The velocity - time graph of a particle moving at uniform
w
w . P
. P w
w . P
. P
velocity, would be straight line parallel to the x axis.
w
www w
www
5. If the velocity – time graph of a particle is a straight line inclined to X-axis then its
ur
displacement – time graph will be a straight line.

Ans. True.
IV. Assertion and reason type questions :
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee Mark the correct choice as:
i N
.i. Nee
l
saa a
l a assertion.
s aa
s l a
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
l a s
w
aada
d a aaddaa
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
ww.
assertion. P
. P
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false. w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
w
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

1. Assertion : The accelerated motion of an object may be due to change in magnitude
w
of velocity or direction or both of them.

Reason : Acceleration can be produced only by change in magnitude of the
N Neett N Nett
e
velocity. It does not depend the direction.
l a
l i
a .i.
l a
l i
a.i.
[Ans : (c) If assertion is true but reason is false.]
saa dd asaa
s d a
d s
2. Assertion : The Speedometer of a car or a motor-cycle measures its average speed.
a a
Reason : Average velocity is equal to total displacement divided by total time
. P
. Paa
taken.
. P
. Paa
[Ans : (d) If assertion is false but reason is true]
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 02  MOTION 19
N3. e
N et t : Displacement of a body may be zeroNN
Assertion e e
when
tdistance
t travelled by it is
lalai .i. not zero.
l a
l ai .i.
saa d a a
Reason : The displacement is the
d s sashortest
a distance between initial and final aas
dd
P
[Ans : .(a) P a
position.
a . P P aa
ww
w w. If both assertion and reason are true and
correct explanation w
ww.
reason
ofw
is the
ww ww assertion]
m
V. Match the Following :
List I List II
co
N Nett
e 1. Motion of a body covering equal
N Neett
i.i. i
distances in equal intervals of time.i.
Velocity
l
saaala s saa l a
l aA
s
2. Motion with non uniformdda a d a
d a Time
.
. P
.P aaacceleration
. P
. Paa
ks Velocity
B
w w w w www
wwretardation
3. Constant
www Time
Velocity
C
oo
N Neet t Uniform acceleration
4.
N Neett Time
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
Velocity
D
saa s saa s
ab
d
I ad
Lista
a a aadd
Time
aa
Ans.
1. Motion of a w w . P. P List II
w
w . P
. P
w
wwinwequal intervals of time
body covering equal
wwww
ur
Velocity
distances A
Time
2. Motion with non uniform acceleration

t t tt
.s
Velocity
i NNee
.i. 3. Constant retardation i N
.i. Nee
a a
Time
l
saa l a s l
aa C
s l a s
w
a a aa
Velocity
P Paadd P Paadd
w w . .
4. Uniform acceleration w
w . .
Time
www w w
www
w
Velocity
D
Time
w
VI. Answer briefly :
N Neett
1. Define velocity.
N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
Ans. (i) Velocity is the rate of change of displacement. It is the displacement with unit
saa
ddaa aa
time. It is a vector quantity. The SI unit of velocity is ms–1.
ss
(ii) Thus, Velocity = Displacement / time taken.
d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
N2. e
N et t distance and displacement. NNeet t
Distinguish
 
lalai .i. Sl. No. l a

l i
a .i. Displacement [QY - 2019]
saa Ans.
1
Distance
The actual length of the a
dd a
pathssaa The change in position of a
ddaas
P P a
travelled by a moving
. a body
of.the direction
moving body in a particular
. P
.Paa
ww
irrespective
w
is a w
direction
w w w
2 w
Itw Scalar quantity www
It is a Vector quantity
m
3. What do you mean by uniform motion?
Ans. An object is said to be in uniform motion if it covers equal distances in equal intervals
co
ofttime however big or small these time intervals may be. t
N N ee t speed and velocity. N N e e t
lalai.i.4. Compare
l al ai .i.
saa Sl. No.
Ans. Speed
It is the rate of changed a assaa
dtime with respect to time
Velocity
d a
d s
a
.
1.
P Pa
distance with.respect
a of It is the rate of change
. having It is a vector quantity havingw
of displacement
. P. Paa
ks
to
It is w
aw
wwquantity w w
2.
w w onlyscalar
magnitude magnitude and directionw ww both
3. Speed is velocity without a Velocity is speed in a particular direction

oo
particular direction
N Neet t4. It is measured in ms–1 in SI

N Neett
It is also measured in ms–1 in a particular
l a
l i
a .i. system
l a
l i
a .i. direction in SI system
saa ssaa s
ab
5. Speed in any direction would Velocity can get both positive and negative
ddaa
be a positive quantity, since
aa aaddaa
values. If velocity in one direction is
. P
. P
the distance in any direction is
w
w w
w . P
. P
assumed to be positive then the velocity in
w
www
a positive quantity.
w
www
the opposite direction would be a negative
ur
quantity. Velocity can get zero value also.

5. What do you understand about negative acceleration?
Ans. If velocity decreases with time the value of acceleration is negative.

tt tt
Note : Negative acceleration is called retardation or deceleration.
.s
i N
.i. ee N ee
6. Is the uniform circular motion accelerated? Give reasons for your answer.
N i.i. N
l
saa a
l a s aa
s l a
l a
Ans. When an object is moving with a constant speed along a circular path, the change in
s
velocity is only due to the change in direction. Hence it is accelerated motion.
w
aada
d a aaddaa
7. What is meant by uniform circular motion? Give two examples of uniform circular
motion.
ww. P
. P w
w . P
. P
Ans. When an object moves with constant speed along a circular path, the motion is called
w
www w
www
w
uniform circular motion.

Example :
1. The Earth moves around the Sun in the uniform circular motion.
w
2. The Moon moves in uniform circular motion around the Earth.
NN e ett NNe tt
e
l a
l i
a .i.1. Derive the equations of motion by graphical
VII. Answer in detail :
l a
l i
a .i.
saa d da
Equations of motion from velocity
Ans. a
–
s saagraph:
time
method.
d a
d s
a
[QY - 2019]
. P
. Pa a . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
N Neett 
N N ee tt 
lalai .i. Intext Activities

l a
l ai .i.
saa ACTIVITY - 1 d a as saa
d things: a row of houses, large trees, small plants, ddaas
. P
Look around you. You can see
P a a
many
. P P
flying birds, running cars.and many more. List the objects which remain fixed at their
. aa
w w w w w w w
Solution w
position and the
:w
objects which keep on changing their position.
www
m
1. Row of houses, large trees, small plants are the examples, of immovable objects.
2. Flying birds, running cars and buses are the examples of movable objects.
co
N Nee t t to be done by the students themselves
Activity
N N ee tt
lalai.i.
l a
l ai .i.
saa ACTIVITY -2
d a
byd
s
a saa
d a
d s
a
.
Tabulate the distance covered
time and do the same .forP
.P a a a bus in a heavy traffic road in equal intervals of a
. P
. P a
ks
table what do w w w a train which is not in an accelerated motion.
w w w
From your
www
The bus covers
you understand? w equal
wwcovers
unequal distance in equal intervals of time but the train
distances in equal intervals of time.
oo
Solution :
N Neet t Distance covered by a N N e etwhich

Distancetcoveredis NOT
by a
l a
l i
a .i. BUS in a heavy traffic l a
l ai .iin.an accelerated motion
TRAIN
saa s saaIn first 5 minutes = 2 km. s

ab
In first 10 minutes = 1 km. da a d aa

Next 10 minutes = .2P P aa d Next 5 minutes = 2 km. P Paa d
w w .km.
Next 5 minutes = 2 km ww w . .
wwww
Next 10 minutes = 1.5 km
ww w
ur
Covers unequal distance in equal intervals Covers equal distances in equal intervals
of time. of time
Such motion is called Non Uniform Such motion is called Uniform Motion.
tt tt
.s
Motion.
i NN ee
.i.ACTIVITY - 3 i N
.i. Nee
l
saa a
l a Observe the motion of a car as shown ins
s
the
l a
l
aafigurea 4m
s
w
a ad d
and answer the following questions: aa D
aaddaa C
. P P
AC..What do you observe?
Compare the distance covered
the path ABC andw w
by the car through 3m
w
w . P
. P 5m 3m
w
wwgiveswthe shortest distance to reach w
www
w
Which path
D from A? Is it the path ABCD or the path ACD
A 4m B
or the path AD?
w
Solution :
N Neett N Nett
e
1. Distance covered by the car through the path ABC = 4m + 3m = 7 m. and
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
AC = 5 m. The distance covered by the car through the path ABC is large
saa compared to AC.
d aasaa
s
2. The shortest distance to reach D from A is path AD = 3m.
d d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
3. The total distance covered by the car ABCDA = 14 m. It finally reaches to A.
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
www.Padasalai.Net
wwwww
www.CBSEtips.in
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 02  MOTION 25
NN ee tt - 4 N N e ett
lalai .i. Take a large stone and a small eraser. Standlala
ACTIVITY
i ..
on ithe top of a table and drop them
saa a
simultaneously from the same height?
d d a s saado you observe? Now, take a small eraser aas
What
d d
. PP a a
and a sheet of paper. Drop them simultaneously from the same height. What do you a
take.two sheets of paper having same mass and crumple . PP
one.of
a
w
observe? This time,
w
the sheets into aw
w w w w
w What
ww ball. Now, drop the sheet and the ball from the same wwheight.
m
do you observe?
Solution :
co
Both the stone and the eraser have reached the surface of the Earth almost at the
N Neettsame time.
N Ne ett
lalai.i. l a ai .i.
The eraser reaches first and the sheet of paper reaches later.
l
saa aa
The paper crumpled into a ball reaches
d d s saa first and plain sheet of paper reaches aas
ground
d d
.
. .P a a
later, although they have equal
P mass. It is because of air resistance. The magnitude a
. P
. P a
ks
reaches later. w w w
of air resistance despends on the area of object exposed to air. So the sheet
w w w
of paper
www www
Government Exam Questions
oo
NN eett 1 Mark
N N ee tt
l a
l i
a .i.1. Unit of acceleration is l a
l i
a .i.
saa ssaams s
ab
[QY - 2019]
(a) ms –1
(b) ms d
a da a–2
(c) (d) ms 2
ddaa
P P a [Ans : (b) msP ]a
P a

w w . . w w . . –2
2. The magnitude
w w w wof the centripetal force is given by (F = w
_________)
w w w
ur
mv 2 v2 2π
(a) (b) (c) (d) ma mv 2
r r T [Ans : (a) ]
r
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. ee(a) 50V (b) 5V
i .i. N
(c) 220V
e e
3. In India the voltage of alternating current used for domestic purpose is ______.
N N (d) 110V
l
saa a
l a
s saa l a
l a [Ans : (c) 220V]
s
w
aada
d a2 Mark
aaddaa
1. A sound is heardw 5w. P P
. than the lightning is seen in the sky onw
s later w w
a rainy . P
.
day.
P
w
wwof location of lightning? Given the speed of sound
ww=w346 ms
w
Find the w
distance –1

Solution :
w
Distance
N Neett
Speed =
Time
N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
Distance = Speed × Time = 346 × 5 = 1730 m
saa dd asaa
s
Thus, the distance of location of lightning is 1730 m.
a d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Uniteett eett
04
lalai N
.i. N l a
l i
a N
.i. N
saa ELECTRIC ssaa CHARGE AND aas
a ddaa
ELECTRIC
a CURRENT aadd
w
w . P
. P w
w . P
.P
w
www w
www
m
co
Learning
t t Objectives tt
i N Nee N
.i. After completing this lesson, students willlalbeaiableN e
.i. to: e
l
saaala s safield
a and Coulomb’s law. s
a a
Understand the electric charge, electric
dd voltage, resistance and Ohm’s law. PPaad d aa
.

P P a
Explain concepts of electric
. . acurrent,
..
ks

Draw electrical w w
circuit diagrams, series and parallel circuits . w w

Explainw
w wwof electric current like heating or thermal effect,ww
effects
ww effect,
chemical
magnetic effect.
oo
Understand direct and alternating currents.
N Neett
Know safety aspects related to electricity.
N Nee tt
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l ai .i.
saa TEXT BOOK ssaEXERCISES
a s
ab
aadd:aa aaddaa
I. Choose the correct.answer
w w P
. P w
w . P
. P
1. In currentw w ww a positive charge refers to, w
w w
w
ur
electricity,
(a) presence of electron (b) presence of proton
(c) absence of electron (d) absence of proton

tt tt
[Ans : (c) absence of electron]
.s
i N
.i. Nee
2. Rubbing of comb with hair
i NN e e
.i.electric charge
l
saa a
l a (a) creates electric charge
s l a
l a
aaneither (a) nor (b)
(b) transfers
s s
w
(c) either (a) or (b)

aaddaa (d)
[Ans : (b) transfers electric charge]aaddaa

w w. PP
. from positive charge and ________ in negative w w . P
. P
ww w w
w
3. Electric field lines ________ charge.

w w
(a) start; start (b) start; end
w w [HY - 2019]
w
(c) start: end (d) end; end [Ans : (b) or (c) start, end]
N Neett N Nett
4. Potential near a charge is the measure of its _______ to bring a positive charge at
e
l a
l i
a .i. that point.
l a
l i
a.i.
saa (a) force

ddaasaa
(b) ability
s (c) tendency (d) work
d a s
a
[Ans : (d) work]
d
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww [61]
w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
62 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 04 ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT
N5. e
N et t effect of current is called,
Heating

NN e ett

lalai .i. (a) Joule heating l a

l i
a .i. heating
(b) Coulomb
[QY - 2019]
saa (c) Voltage heating

ddaa ssaaAmpere heating
(d)
ddaas

. PP a a
. is due to the flow of
[Ans : (a) Joule heating]
. P
.P aa
w w
6. In an electrolyte the current
w w ww
www
(a) electrons (b) positive ions
www
m
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)
[Ans : (c) both (a) and (b)]
co
N Nett
7. Electroplating is an example for
e (a) heating effect
N Ne ett
(b) chemical effect
lalai.i. (c) flowing effect l a
l ai .i. (d) magnetic effect
saa
dd aassaa a s
[Ans : (b) chemical effect]
d d a
.
. P
8. Resistance of a wire depends
.Paaon,
. P
. Paa
ks
w w w
(a) temperature w (b) geometry
w
all w
w w
w
(c) nature
wof material
II. Match the following :
oo w w
(d) all the above [Ans : (d) the above]
[QY - 2019]
1. Electric Charge (a) ohm
N N e et t Potential difference (b) ampere NNeet t

2.
l a
l i
a .i. 3. Electric field (c) coulomb ai.i.
l l a
a
s a ss aa s
ab
4. Resistance
5. Electric current a
(d)
ad a
newton
a
(e)dvolt
per coulomb
aaddaa
Ans. . P P
- a, 5.- b
1 - c, 2 - e, 3 - d, 4w
w w
w . P
. P
w w
wwwtrue or false. If false, correct the statement
www
ur
III. State whether :

1. Electrically neutral means it is either zero or equal positive and negative charges.
Ans. True.
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee
Ans. False.
i N
.i. Ne
2. Ammeter is connected in parallel in any electric circuit.
e
l
saa a
l a s aa
s l a
l a
Correct statement : Ammeter is connected in series in any electric circuit.
s
w
Ans. False. aa a
d a
3. The anode in electrolyte is negative.
d aaddaa
ww. P
. P w . P
.
Correct statement : The anode in electrolyte is positive.
w P
w
www w
www
w
4. Current can produce magnetic field.

Ans. True.
IV. Fill in the blanks :
w
1. Electrons move from ______ potential to _______ potential. [Ans : lower, higher]
N Neett N Nett
e
2. The direction opposite to the movement of electron is called __________ current.
l a
l i
a .i.
l a
l i
a.i. [Ans : conventional] [QY - 2019]
saa ddaasaa
3. The e.m.f of a cell is analogues to ___________ of a pipe line.[Ans : water pump]
s d a
d s
a
4. The domestic electricity in India is an ac with a frequency of ________ Hz.

. P
. Paa . P
. Paa[Ans : 50] [QY - 2019]
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 04  ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT 63
NV. e
N e tt N N e ett
lalai .i.1. A bird sitting on a high power electric linelalisastill
Conceptual questions :
i .i.safe. How?
saa Birds can sit on power lines and a
Ans.
dd as
not saaelectric shocks because the electricity is aas
get
dd
always looking for a way toa a the ground (i.e.) the current is not flowing out of aa
w w . PP get to
. (which means the circuit is closed). A birdwsitting
its body to any other material.
ww . PP
.a
Current flowsw

wwlinewdoes not complete the circuit. If the same bird keepswwonewleg on one
in a loop on
m
transmission
line and another leg or any part of its body on another line or the neutral points, then
it will get burnt.
co
N Nett
e N Neett
2. Does a solar cell always maintain the potential across its terminals constant?
lalai.i. Discuss.
l a
l i
a .i.
Ans. Solar cell delivers a constant current for any given illumination level, while the
saa a ssaa a s
voltage is determined by the load resistance. Potential in a solar cell depends on the
dd a d d a
.
. .Paa . P
. Paa
intensity of the solar radiation. Since the intensity of solar radiation is not always
P
ks
constant, the potential across its terminal is also not constant.
w w
w www
www www
3. Can electroplating be possible with alternating current?
Ans. The heating effect and the chemical effect experiments have to be performed only
with a dc cell of around 9V. The 9V dc cell will not give any electrical shock.
oo
At any cost we should not use the main domestic electric supply which is 220V ac
N Neettour body.
N Neett
voltage. If it is used it will give a heavy electric shock leading to a severe damage to
l a
l i
a .i. VI. Answer the following : l a
l i
a .i.
saa ssaa s
ab
aaddaa aaddaa
1. On what factors does the electrostatic force between two charges depend?
Ans. The numerical value (magnitude) of electric force between two charges depend on
the,
w
w . P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www
(i) value of charges on them, w
www
ur
(ii) distance between them and

(iii) nature of medium between them.
2. What are electric lines of force? [HY - 2019]
tt tt
Ans. The lines representing the electric field are called electric lines of force.
.s
i N
.i. Nee
3. Define electric field.
i N
.i. Nee [HY - 2019]
l
saa a
l a aal a
l a
Ans. Electric field is the region around a charged body within which its influence can be
s s s
w
aada
d a
4. Define electric current and give its unit. aaddaa
experienced (i.e) within which it can attract or repel another charged body.
w w. P
. P w
w . P
. P [HY - 2019]
Ans. The electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge through any
ww w
w
w
ww
section of a conductor.
Electric current I =
Q
w
w
t
w
Its unit is Cs–1
NN ee tt Its SI unit : ampere (A).

N N e e tt
l a
l i
a .i.5. State Ohm’s law. l a
l ai.i.
saa Ohm's law states that, the current passinga
Ans.
d
to the potential difference across a as s a
through a conductor is directly proportional
dunchanged. V α I or V = IR.
its ends, provided the physical conditions like d a
d s
a
. P
.
temperature, density, etc. P a a
remain . P
. P aa
w w w w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
64 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 04 ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT
N6. e
N et t any two appliances which work under theNN
Name

e

et t of heating effect of
principle
lalai .i. current. l a
l ai .i.
saa 7. How dda assawater
Electric heating appliances like iron box,
Ans. a heater, toaster, etc.
ddaas
are the home appliances
reasons. . P Pa a connected in general, in series
. different home appliances are connectedw
or parallel. Give
. P P
.to aa
In a householdw
w w ww [QY - 2019]
Ans.
www electric circuit,
www in parallel
m
one another due to the following reasons:
(i) The appliances can be operated independently. If one appliance is switched
off, others remain unaffected.
co
N Nett
e N Neett
(ii) Each appliance gets the same constant voltage.
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
(iii) In parallel connection of electrical appliances, the overall resistance of the
saa dd assaa
8. List the safety features while handling electricity. d a
d s
circuit it reduced due to which the current form the power supply is high.
a a
.
. P
.Paa . P
. Paa
ks
Ans. (i) Ground connection:
w w
w www
www www
The metal bodies of all the electrical appliances are to be connected to the
ground by means of a third wire apart from the two wires used for electrical
connection.
oo
(ii) Trip switch:
N Neett N Neett
It is an electromechanical device which does not allow a current beyond a
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
particular value by automatically switching off the connection.
saa ssaa s
ab
(iii) Fuse:
aaddaa aaddaa
A fuse is another safety mechanism which works on joule heating principle.
VII. Exercises :
w
w . P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www
1. Rubbing a comb on hair makes the comb get – 0.4C. w
www
ur
(a) Find which material has lost electron and which one gained it.
(b) Find how many electrons are transferred in this process.
Ans : a. Comb gained electrons. Dry hair lost electron.
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee i N
.i. N e
b. No. of electrons transferred = – 0.4 C e
l
saa a
l a
l a a
1 coulomb = 6.25 × 1018 electron
s saa l s
w
– 0.4 C = 0.4 × 6.25 × 1018 electrons

aa dd a a
= – 2.5 × 1018 electrons aaddaa
ww .
2. Calculate the amount
P
of
P
. charge that would flow in 2 hours throughwanww . P
.
element
P
wwdrawing a current of 2.5A. www
w
wwbulb
of an electric
Ans : Current I = 2.5 A
w
time t = 2 hours = 2 × 3600 seconds
N eett

N t =
N Nett
e
7200 s
l a
l i
a .i. Amount of charge Q =
l a
l i
a.i. I×t
saa =
ddaasaa
s 2.5 × 7200
d a
d s
a
Q =
. P
. Paa 18,000 C
. P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 04  ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT 65
N3. e
N e t t values of current (I) flowing through a N
The
N e et tfor various potential
resistor
lalai .i. differences V across the resistor are givenlbelow.
a
l i
a .i.What is the value of resistor?
saa I (ampere) 0.5 1.0 a
d ass a3.0a 4.0
d6.7 10.2 13.2
2.0
ddaas
V (volt) 1.6P
. . Pa a
3.4
. P
.P aa
w w w w w w

www
[Hint : plot V-I graph and take slope]
www
m
Ans.
co
N Nett
e N Neett 14
(4, 13.2)
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i. 12
I2 V2
saa a ssaa a s
Potential Difference V (volt)
dd a 10
d d a
.
a a
(3, 10.2)
. P
.P a . P
. P a I 1 V1
ks
w w
w www
8
www www 6
(2, 6.7)
4
oo
(1, 3.4)
N Neett N Neett 2
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i. 1
(0.5, 1.6)
saa ssaa s
ab
aa d da a aaddaa 1 2
Current (I) ampere
3 4
w
Resistance
w . P P
. resistor R =
of the w
w . P
. P V2 − V1
ww w w w
w w
w I 2 − I1
ur
13.2 −10.2
=
4− 3
3

t t tt =
= 3Ω
.s
i N
.i. Nee
i N
.i. Nee R = 3Ω
1
l
saa a
l a s aa
s l a
l a s
Intext
w
a a d da a Activities
aaddaa
ACTIVITY - 1
w w . P
. P w w. P
. P
w w symbols used in the circuit. Find out thewmeaning ww of the
w
Take a condemned electronic circuit board in a TV remote or old mobile phone.

w w
Look at the electrical
symbols known to you.
w
w
Electrical symbols Meaning
N Neett N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i. Semi -conductor diode
saa d da as a
sa
d a
d s
a
. P
. Pa
Capacitor
a . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Unit
eett eett
05
a ai N
.i. N a i
a .
i N
. N
l
saa l MAGNETISM
ss l
aa l AND s
ddaa ddaa
ELECTROMAGNETISM
. P
. Paa . P
.Paa
w w
w w w
w
www www
m
Learning Objectives
co
N Neet t N N e tt
e
lalai.i. After completing this lesson, students willlalbeaiable
.i. to:
saa Understand the concept of magnetics

d aa saa
field.
dcurrent d a
d s
a
.

. P a a
Know the properties of magnetic
P field lines.
. two parallel current carrying conductors.www. . PP aa
ks

Understandw w w w
Calculate the force exerted on a carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

ww
Know the

the force between
wwofw
concept of electromagnetic induction and apply it in the case generators.
Appreciate how voltage can be increased or decreased using transformers.

oo
Understand the applications of electromagnet and apply the knowledge in
N Neett constructing devices using electromagnets.

N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa TEXT BOOK s saEXERCISES
a s
ab
aad a
d a aaddaa
w
I. Choose the correctw . P P
. :
answer w w. P
. P
w w converts electrical energy into mechanicalww
wwfollowing ww
ur
1. Which of the energy?

(a) Motor (b) Battery
(c) Generator (d) Switch [Ans : (a) Motor]
tt tt
.s
i .i. Ne e
2. Transformer works on ___________.
N i N
.i. N ee
l a
l a (a) AC only
saa 3. The part of the AC generator that
(c) Both AC and DC
s saa a
l a
(b) DC only
l [Ans : (a) AC only]
s
w
aada
d a
passes the current from the armature coil to a
the d
a a
da
external circuit is
w
w . P
. P w w . P
. P
wwww w
ww: w
w
(a) field magnet (b) split rings

(c) slip rings (d) brushes [Ans (d) brushes]
4. The unit of magnetic flux density is
w
[HY - 2019]
N N eett
(a) Weber
N N tt
(b) weber/metre
ee
l a
l i
a .iII. (c) weber/metre2
. Fill in the blanks : l a
l i
a .i.
(d) weber . metre2 [Ans : (c) weber/metre2]
saa 1. The SI Unit of magnetic field induction

d da a s s aa
d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa is ________. [Ans : Tesla]
. P
. Paa[HY - 2019]
w ww [77]
w w
w
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
78 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 05 MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
N2. e
N et t which is used to convert high alternating current
Devices

NN e e

t
totlow alternating current
lalai .i. is ___________ l a
l ai .i. [Ans : transformers]
saa 3. An electric motor converts ________.d a as saa
d is ________ . [Ans : generator] PPaad d aas
4. A device for producing.P
. P a a [Ans : electrical energy into mechanical energy
..
]
w
ww : w electric current
w w
wwfollowing
III. Match the wwww
m
1. Magnetic material a) Oersted
2. Non-magnetic material b) Iron
co
N Nett
e 3. Current and magnetism c)
N N e ett
Induction
lalai.i. 4. Electromagnetic induction l a
l
d)ai .i.
Wood
saa 5. Electric generator
dd a as saa e) Faraday
d a
d s
a
.
P a a
Ans. 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - e, 5 - c
. P .
.or false. If false, correct the statementw: ww. P
P aa
ks
IV. State whether w w
w
1. A generatorw w w true
converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. w
w w
Ans. True.
oo
2. Magnetic field lines always repel each other and do not intersect.
N N ett
Ans. True.
e N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. Ans. False.
l a
l i
a .i.
3. Fleming’s Left hand rule is also known as Dynamo rule.
saa ssaa s
ab
aaddaa aaddaa
Correct statement : Fleming's Left hand rule is also known as motor rule.
4. The speed of rotation of an electric motor can be increased by decreasing the area of
the coil.
w
w . P
. P w
w . P
. P
Ans. False. w
www w
www
ur
Correct statement : The speed of rotation of an electric motor can be increased by

increasing the area of the coil.
5. A transformer can step up direct current.
tt
Ans. False.
tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee N
.i. Ne e
Correct statement : A transformer can step up alternating current (AC).
i
l
saa a
l a s saa l a
l a
6. In a step down transformer the number of turns in primary coil is greater than that of
s
w
Ans. True.
a a da a
the number of turns in the secondary coil.
d aaddaa
V. Answer in briefw .
: .
w P P w w . P
. P
w wLeft Hand Rule. w w
w
ww
1. State Fleming’s w w [HY - 2019]
The law states that while stretching the three fingers of left hand in perpendicular
Ans.
w
manner with each other, if the direction of the current is denoted by middle finger
N Neett N Nett
of the left hand and the second finger is for direction of the magnetic field then
e
the thumb of the left hand denotes the direction of the force or movement of the
l a
l i
a .i. conductor.
l a
l i
a.i.
saa dd as
2. Define magnetic flux density.
a aa
s d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. P
field lines is called magnetic flux density. Its unit is Wb/m2.
aa
Ans. The number of magnetic field lines crossing unit area kept normal to the direction of
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 05  MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM 79
N3. e
N e t tthe main parts of an electric motor. NNeet t
List
lalai .i. Main parts of an electric motor
Ans.
l a
l i
a .i.
saa (i) Field magnet.
dd aas saa
ddaas
. . Pa a
(ii) Armature (Rectangular coil)
P
(iii) Split ring (Commutator) . P
.Paa
(iv) Brushesww w w w
w
w w w w
w w
m
(v) Battery
4. Draw and label the diagram of an AC generator. [HY - 2019]
Ans.
co
N Nett
e N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa ddaassaa
d a
d s
a
.
. P
.Paa . P
. Paa
ks
w w
w www
www oo www
PARTS
N, S - Permanent magnet
N Nee tt
A B C D - Rectangular coil or armature.
N N ee tt
l a
l i
a .i. S1, S2 - Slip rings
l a
l i
a .i.
saa 5. State the advantages of ac overdddc.aassaa
B1, B2 - Carbon brushes
s
ab
a a aaddaa
Ans.
w w P
(i) The voltage of ac.canP
.long distances using step up transformers. www.
be varied easily using a device called transformer. .
TheP P
ac
w
wofwenergy while distributing current in the form of acwiswnegligible.
can be carried
(ii) Thew
over w
ur
loss
(iii) Direct current cannot be transmitted as such. The ac can be easily converted
into dc and generating ac is easier than dc.
t t step up and step down transformer.NNeet t
.s
(iv) The ac can produce electromagnetic induction which is useful in several ways.
i N
.i. N
6.
ee
Differentiate i.i.
l
saa a
l a Ans.
s saa l a
l a s
w
S. No.
a d da
Step up transformer
a a Step down transformer
aaddaa
1.
w w . P P
. to raise the It is designed to reduce w
It is a device used the
ww . P
. P
w wvoltage (V > V ). w
w
2.
w w
electric S P
voltage (V < V ).
w wS P
It has more turns on its secondary It has less turns on the secondary
w
winding in comparison to the winding (NS < NP).

primary one (NS > NP).
N Neet t3. N Nett

e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
It is used to start the electrical
motor and step-up the windings.
It is used to balance the ratio of
voltage and current on the
saa ddaasaa
s d a
d s
primary and secondary windings.
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
80 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 05 MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
N Neet t4. 
N N e ett

lalai .i. start the motor turning. It l l i

a .i.
It takes a lot of voltage to initially
a
The secondary windings has fewer
turns which mean low voltage and
saa a s saa
increases the voltage but decreases
dd a dd as
higher current while it is opposite
a
in the case of the primary winding.
5.
the current.
. P
. Pa a
It is found is television and in . P
.P aa
It is found in laptops and phone
w w w w w ww
wwthe mains
power stations. chargers.
ww radio has a built in transformer so that it can workw
m
7. A portable from
instead of batteries. Is this a step up or step down transformer? Give reason.
Ans. It is a step down transformer. So that rectified DC voltage is equal to battery voltage,
co
NN ee t t
hence it can work on mains as well as on battery.
N N eett
lalai.i. First law : Whenever there is a change in magnetic
8. State Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic i .iflux
induction.
l a
l a . linked with a coil, an electric
saa Ans.
d a as
current is induced. The induced potential
d s adifference
a lasts so long as there is a change aas
d d
.
. P P a a
in the magnetic flux linked with
. linked the coil.
. P. P aa
ks
ww w w
Second law : The magnitude w
of the induced current is directly proportional to
w w w
the rate
w w
of change of magnetic
VI. Answer in detail :
flux oo with the coil.
w w
1. Explain the principle, construction and working of a DC motor.
N N ett N N ett
Ans. Principle : An electric motor works on the principle that a current carrying conductor
e e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
placed in a magnetic field experiences a force. The direction of force is given by
saa Fleming's left hand rule.

ssaa s
ab
aa daa aaddaa
Construction : An electric motor consists of the following main parts:
d
w
w . P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
ur
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee i N
.i. Ne e
l
saa a
l a s s l a
l a
aahaving a large number of turns of this aas
w
a a d
Armature : It is a rectangular coil
d a aABCD
a soft iron core. The armature is placed between a d
a d
w w . P
insulated copper wire wound
P over
. and it can be rotated about an axis perpendicular
the poles of the field magnet
w w . P
to . P
the
magnetic fieldw w w
wwsplitwinto two
w
ww(commutators)
Split rings
lines.
: It consists of a cylindrical metal ring
halves S1 & S2. As the coil rotates, the split rings also rotate about the same axis of
w
rotation. The function of the split ring is to reverse the direction of current in the coil
N Neett after every half rotation.

N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
Carbon brushes : Two graphite or flexible metal rods maintain a sliding contact
saa ddaasaa
with split rings S1 and S2 alternately.
s d a
d s
a
Battery : A battery of few cells is connected to the brushes. The current from the
. . Paa . P
. Paa
battery flows to the armature coil through the brushes and the split rings.
P
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
UNIT
eett eett
06
lalai N
.i. N l a
l i
a N
.i. N
saa d aassaa
d LIGHT ddaas
. P
. Paa . P
.Paa
w w
w w w
w
www www
m
co
N Neett
Learning Objectives
N Neett
lalai.i. At the end of this lesson, students will belable
al i
a .to:i.
saa Apply the laws of reflection fora
d a ssamirrors
a and spherical mirrors.
dthe position and size of the image for PPaad
plane
d aas
.
to a a

Draw ray diagramsP

. .P find
..
ks

ww w w
spherical mirrors.
ww ww
ww
Distinguish between real and virtual images. ww
Apply the mirror equation to calculate position, size and nature of images for

oo
spherical mirrors.
N Neett

N Neett
Identify the direction of bending when light passes from one medium to another.
l a
l i
a .i.
l a
l i
a .i.
Solve problems using Snell’s law.
saa aa
Predict whether light will be refracted or undergo total internal reflection.

ss s
ab
aaddaa aaddaa
w
w .
TEXT PP
. BOOK EXERCISES www. . P
P
w
www www
ur
I. Choose the correct answer :
tt tt
1. A ray of light passes from one medium to another medium. Refraction takes place
.s
i N
.i. N e e
when angle of incidence is
i N
.i. Ne e
l a
l a (a) 0° (b) 45° l a
l a
(c) 90°
saa 2. __________ is used as reflectorsddinatorchlight.
ssaa
[Ans : (b) 45°]
s
w
(a) Concave mirror Pa a a a d

a a
da
(c) Convex mirrorww
. . P (b) Plane mirror
w w. P
. P
ww virtual images with www w
[Ans : (a) Concave mirror]
w
wwenlarged,
3. We can create
(a) concave mirror (b) plane mirror
w
(c) convex mirror [Ans : (a) concave mirror]
Neett N Nett
e
4. When the reflecting surface is curved outwards the mirror formed will be
N
l a
l i
a .i. (a) concave mirror
l a
l i
a.i.
(b) convex mirror
saa (c) plane mirror
ddaasaa
s a s
[Ans : (b) convex mirror]
d d a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww [ 94 ]
w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 06  LIGHT 95
N5. e
N et t a beam of white light passes through a prism
When
N Ne
it e
tt
gets
lalai .i. (a) reflected a ai
(b) lonly
l .deviated
i .
saa 6. The (c) deviated and dispersed
dda a ssaa [Ans : (c) deviated and dispersed] aas
dd
. . Paa
speed of light is maximum
P in
. P
.Paa
[HY - 2019]
(a) vacuum
w w w w (b) glass
w w
w
wvacuum]
w w
(c) diamond ww
[Ans : (a)
m
II. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement :
1. The angle of deviation depends on the refractive index of the glass.
co
N N tt
Ans. True.
ee N Neett
lalai.i. deviation. l a
l i
a .i.
2. If a ray of light passes obliquely from one medium to another, it does not suffer any
saa Ans. False.

ddaassaa
d a
d s
a
.
. .Paa . P
. Paa
Correct statement : If a ray of light passes obliquely from one medium to another,
P
ks
w w
it bends away from the normal.
w www
www www
3. The convex mirror always produces a virtual, diminished and erect image of the object.
Ans. True.
4. When an object is at the centre of curvature of concave mirror the image formed will
oo
be virtual and erect.
N N ett
Ans. False.
e N Ne ett
l a
l i
a .i. l
the image formed will be real and inverted. a
l ai .i.
Correct statement : When an object is at the centre of curvature of concave mirror
saa ssaa s
ab
Ans. True. a a da a
5. The reason for brilliance of diamonds is total internal reflection of light.
d aaddaa
w w . P
. P w w . P
. P
w
wwaw
III. Fill in the blanks :
wwww
ur
1. In going from rarer to denser medium, the ray of light bends ___________.
[Ans: towards the normal]
2. The mirror used in search light is ___________ . [Ans: concave]
tt tt
3. The angle of deviation of light ray in a prism depends on the angle of ___________
.s
i N
.i. Nee.
i N
.i. Nee [Ans: incidence]
l
saa a
l a
s saa al a
4. The radius of curvature of a concave mirror whose focal length is 5cm is _________.
l [Ans: 10 cm]
s
w
aad da a aadd
5. Large _________ mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solaraa
furnaces.
w w . PP
. : w
w . P
. P
[Ans: concave]
ww w
w
w
w
w
Ratio of height of image to height of object. Concave mirror
w
w
w
Used in hairpin bends in mountains. total internal reflection
N Neett N Nett
Coin inside water appearing slightly raised.
e magnification
l a
l i
a .i. Mirage
l a
l i
a.i. convex mirror
saa Used as Dentist’s mirror.

ddaasaa
s refraction
d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
96 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 06 LIGHT
NNeett
Ans.
N N

e ett 
lalai .i. Ratio of height of image to height of object.lalai.i.magnification

saa d d a
Used in hairpin bends in mountains as s aa convex mirror
ddaas
. P. Pa
Coin inside water appearing a
slightly raised refraction
. P
.Paa
w ww total internal reflectionw
w w
wwmirror ww
Mirage
Used as w concave mirrorw
m
Dentist’s
V. Assertion and reason type questions :
co
N Nett
e Mark the correct choice as:
N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is not the correct explanation.
saa ddaassaa
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
d a
d s
a
.
. .Paa
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.
P . P
. Paa
ks
w w
w www
1. Assertion : For observing the traffic at a hairpin bend in mountain paths a plane
www
Reason :
www
mirror is preferred over convex mirror and concave mirror.
A convex mirror has a much larger field of view than a plane mirror or a
concave mirror. [Ans : (d) If assertion is false but reason is true]
oo
2. Assertion : Incident ray is directed towards the centre of curvature of spherical
N Neett N Neett
mirror. After reflection it retraces its path.
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
Reason : Angle of incidence (i) = Angle of reflection (r) = 0º.
saa ssaa s
ab
[Ans : (a) If both assertion and reason are true and

aaddaa aaddaa
reason is the correct explanation]
w
w . P
.
VI. Answer very briefly :P w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
1. According to cartesian sign convention, which mirror and which lens has negative
ur
focal length?
Ans. Concave, mirror is having negative focal length.
2. Name the mirror(s) that can give (i) an erect and enlarged image, (ii) same sized,
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Neeinverted image.
i N
.i. Nee
l
saa a
l a Ans. Concave mirror.
s aa
s l a
l a s
3. If an object is placed at the focus of a concave mirror, where is the image formed?
w
aada
d a
Ans. Infinity as real and inverted.
aaddaa
ww. P
. P w . P
. P
4. Why does a ray of light bend when it travels from one medium to another?
w
w
www w
www
w
Ans. A ray of light bend when it travels from one medium to another due to the change in
velocity of light in two different medium.
5. What is the speed of light in vacuum?
w
Ans. The only medium in which speed of light is equal to that in vacuum is air. Speed of
N Neett N Nett
e
light in vacuum is 3 × 108 m/s. Armand Fizeau first measured the speed of light.
l a
l i
a .i. l a i
a.i.
6. Concave mirrors are used by dentists to examine teeth. Why?
l
saa dd asaa
s d a
d s
Ans. As concave mirror produces virtual, erect and magnified images when an object
a a
is placed in between focus and pole. So he can clearly gets a magnified view of
cavities. . P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 06  LIGHT 97
NN e tt
e NN eett
lalai .i.1. a) Complete the diagram to show howlaalconcave
VII. Answer briefly :
ai .i. mirror forms the image of
saa b) What the object.
is the nature ofa d daas saa
ddaas [HY - 2019]
. P
. P a
the image?
. P
.P aa
w w
w w wM
w
www www
m
C F
co
N Neett N Neett
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa aa M′
a)
Ans.
ddaass d a
d s
a
.
. P
.Paa . P
. Paa M
ks
w w
w www
www www
O′ A
I′
P
C O′ F
oo B
I
NN eet tReal, inverted and magnified. N N e ett M′
l a
l i
a .i.2. Pick out the concave and convex mirrors lfrom
b)
a
l ai .thei. following and tabulate them.
saa s saa mirror, Mirrors in shopping aas
ab
malls, Make-up mirror. a a d d aa

Rear-view mirror, Dentist’s mirror, Torch-light
aadd
Ans.
ww
Concave Mirror. P
. P Convex Mirror w w . P
. P
Dentist’sww w w ww ww
ur
mirror Rear view mirror

Torch light mirror Mirrors in shopping malls
Make up mirror
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee i N
.i. Ne
retraces its path. Give reason for your answer.e
3. State the direction of incident ray which after reflection from a spherical mirror
l
saa a
l a aal a
l a
Ans. Incident ray is directed towards the centre of curvature
s s s
w

aada
d a aaddaa
Reason : The ray is normal to the spherical mirror, so i = 0,   r = 0
4. What is meant by magnification? Write its expression. What is its sign for real
w . P
.
image and virtual image?
w P w
w . P
. P [HY - 2019]
ww w
w
w
Ans. Magnification is the increase in size of an image compared to true size.

w w
Magnification m =
height of the image h2w
w
height of the object h1
w
−image distance v
N Neett =
object distance u
N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i. h2
l a
l
−vi
a.i.
saa so m = =
Negative sign - real imaged da s
h1
a aa
s u
d a
d s
a
(a)
. P
. P
(b) Positive sign - virtual
a a
image . P
. Paa
w w w w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Unit
N Neett N Neett
i .i. i .i.
08
l
saaala ss l
aa a
l a s
aad aa
d SOUND aaddaa
w
w . P
. P w
w . P
.P
w
www w
www
m
co
NNeet t
Learning Objectives
N N eett
lalai.i. After completing this lesson, students will lbealai .i.to
able
saa
aa
Understand the properties of sound.
d s aa
s
d to travel. d a
d s
a
.
Know that sound requiresa aa aa
. P P medium
.waves are longitudinal in nature. . P
. P
ks

Understand thatw w
sound ww

Explainw

w
thew w
characteristics of sound. w
w w
w
Gain knowledge about reflection of sound.

oo
Explain ultrasonic sound and understand the applications of ultrasonic sound.
N Neett N N e e tt
l a
l i
a .i. TEXT BOOKa l a
l i.i.
a
EXERCISES
saa s s a s
ab
a ad daa aaddaa
. P
I. Choose the correct answer.
ww P
.vibrates when a musical note is produced bywtheww . P
. P
1. Which of the w
www following
www cymbals
ur
in a orchestra?
(a) stretched strings (b) stretched membranes
(c) air columns (d) metal plates [Ans : (d) metal plates]
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee
2. Sound travels in air:
i N
.i. Nee
l
saa a
l a aal a
l a
(a) if there is no moisture in the atmosphere.
s s s
w
aa a
d a
(b) if particles of medium travel from one place to another.
d a d
a a
d
(c) if both particles as well as disturbance move from one place to another.
a
ww . P
. P
(d) if disturbance moves. w w. P
. P
[Ans : (d) if disturbance moves]
w w
ww is producing continuous note. This note cannot
www
w
3. A musicalw
instrument be heard by
a person having a normal hearing range. This note must then be passing through
w
(a) wax (b) vacuum (c) water (d) empty vessel
N Ne ett N
N e ett [Ans :(b) vacuum]
l a
l i
a .i4. . The maximum speed of vibrations which produces
l a
l i
a.i. audible sound will be in
saa (a) sea water
d da assaadry air
(b) ground glass (c) (d) human blood
d a
d s
a
. P
. Pa a [Ans : (b) ground
a
glass]
. P
. P a
w ww [138]
w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s  Physics - 9th Std  Unit 08  SOUND 139
N5. e
N e t t sound waves travel faster
The
N Ne e tt
lalai .i. (a) in liquids (b) in gases (c) linalasolids
i .i. (d) in vacuum
a
sa

a s
a saa [Ans : (c) in solids]
aas
II. Fill in the blanks.
PP a a d d PP aadd
w w .
1. Sound is a ____________ . wave and needs a material medium to travel.www. .
w w ww w w
[Ans : longitudinal w
mechanical]
m
2. Number of vibrations produced in one second is __________ . [Ans : Frequency]
3. The velocity of sound in solid is ____________ than the velocity of sound in air.
co
N Nett
e N
4. Vibration of object produces _________ .
Neett [Ans : greater]
[Ans :Sound]
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
5. Loudness is proportional to the square of the ____________ .
saa
ddaassaa
d a
d s
[Ans : Amplitude of vibraion of sound]
a
.
6. ____________ is a medical instrument used for listening to sounds produced in the
. P
.Paa . P
. Paa
ks
body. [Ans : Stethoscope]
w w
w www
7. The repeated reflection that results in persistence of sound is called ____________ .
www www [Ans : Reverberation]
III. Match the following :

oo
N NeettTuning fork
N N ett
The point where density of air is maximum.
e
l a
l i
a .i. Sound
l a
l a .i.
Maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
i
Compressions The sound whose frequency is greater than 20,000 Hz
saa ssaa s
ab
Amplitude
aa daa
Longitudinal wave
d aaddaa
Ultrasonics
ww. P
. P
Production of sound
Ans. 1 - e, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - b, 5 - c w
w . P
. P
www:w w
www
ur
IV. Answer briefly

1. Through which medium sound travels faster, iron or water? Give reason.
tt
Ans. Sound travels faster through iron than water.
tt
.s
i N
.i. N ee i N
.i. N e e
Reason : The speed of sound depends on the nature of medium. As Iron is a solid,
l a
l a
saa 2. Name the physical quantity whose s l a
l a
aunitais ‘hertz’. Define.
sound travels faster through iron than Water.
s
SIs
w
a add a a aaddaa
. P
.
Ans. The SI unit of Frequency
in one second. w w Pis
ww . P
.
Hertz. Frequency is the number of waves producedP
w
wwby supersonic speed? w
www
w
3. What is w meant
Ans. Supersonic speed is the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound in air
w
(330 ms–1).
N4. e
N e t t does the sound produced by a vibrating objectNN
How ineaet t reach your ears?
medium
l a
l i
a .i.Ans. 1. When an object vibrates, it sets the particles
l a
l i
a .ofi.the medium around it vibrating.
saa d d
and exerts pressure on adjacent as saadisplace from the equilibrium position aas
2. The vibrating particles in the medium
a particles. d d
P
. P a a
3. Thus this process.continues in the medium till the sound reaches our ear. . P
. Paa
w w w w w w
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
140 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 08 SOUND
N5. e
N et tand your friend are on the moon. Will you be able
You
N Ne
toe
t t any sound produced

hear

lalai .i. by your friend? l a

l a i .i.
saa Ans. We d d as s
cannot hear any sound on the moon.
a aa
ddaas
.
: .PP a a
Reason : Absence of atmosphere (medium) in the moon.
. P
.P aa
V. Answer in detail
1. Describew w w w
w how compressions and rarefactions are produced. ww w w
w
with diagram, w w
m
Ans. Compressions :
hen a vibrating body moves forward, it creates a region of high pressure is known
W
co
N Nett
e N N ett
as compressions. In compression, the particles are more densed. Compressions are
e
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
the region where particles are crowded together.
saa aaCompression
ddaass d d s
Compression
a a
.
. P
.Paa . P
. Paa
ks
w w
w www
www oo www
Rarefaction Rarefaction
NN ee tt
Rarefaction :
NNaeet t of low pressure (i.e)
l a
l i
a .i. low density of particles. This is called rarefaction.
When the vibrating body moves backward, it creates
l a
l ai .i. Rarefactions are the regions
region
saa s saa s
ab
where particles are spread apart.

2. Verify experimentally thea ad a a
dreflection of sound. aaddaa
Ans. 1. w w .
Make two identical PP laws
. long pipes using chart w w . P
. P
paper. w w on a table near wall. w
wwthem www
ur
2. Arrange
3. Keep a clock near the open end of one pipe and
hear the sound of the clock through the other
tt tt
.s
pipe.
i N
.i. Nee i N
.i. Nee
4. Adjust the pipe till the sound of the clock heard
l
saa a
l a with more clarity.
s aa
s l a
l a s
w
aada
d a
between the angles.
aadda
5. Now measure the angle of incidence and reflection and see the relationship
a
ww. P
. P w
w . P
. P
6. The angle in which the sound is incident is equal to the angle in which sound is
w
www w
www
w
reflected.
7. Direction of incident sound, direction of the reflected and the normal are in the
same plane.
w
8. Thus laws of reflection of sound are verified.
N eett
3. List the applications of sound.
N N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i. Ans. Applications of Ultrasonic Sound
l a
l i
a.i.
saa 1. Cleaning Technology :
ddaasaa
s d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa
ultrasonic sound waves. . P
. Pa
Minute foreign particles can be removed from objects placed in a liquid bath by
a
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
www.Padasalai.Net
wwwww
www.CBSEtips.in
Unit
eett eett
09
lalai N
.i. N l a
l i
a N
.i. N
saa dd assaa
Universe
a ddaas
. P
. Paa . P
.Paa
w w
w w w
w
www www
m
Learning Objectives
co
NNee t tcompleting this lesson, students will be able N N e ett
lalai.i. Know the evolution of the universe. lalai.i.
After to
saa
d d
Understand the building blocks ofa a s
thesa a
universe.
d a
d s
a
.

Know more about solar

. P
.P a a
system.
. P
. Paa
ks

w w w
Interpret Kepler’s
wlaws of motion and solve related problems.
w
www
ww
Calculate
the orbital velocity and the time-period of satellites. w
w
Know about International Space Station.

oo
N Nee tt N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. TEXT BOOK EXERCISES
l a
l i
a .i.
saa I. Choose the correct answer.ddaassaa s
ab
a a aaddaa
ww. PP
. model of the universe?
1. Who proposed the heliocentric
w
w . P
. P
ww w w
(a) Tycho Brahe (b) Nicolaus Copernicus
w
w w
w
ur
(c) Ptolemy (d) Archimedes

[Ans : (b) Nicolaus Copernicus]
t t of the following is not a part of outer solarNN tt
.s
i
2.
N Nee
Which
.i. (a) Mercury (b) Saturn (c) Uranus i.i . e e
system?
l a
l a
saa 3. Ceres is a _______. s saa l a
l a (d) Neptune
[Ans :(a) Mercury]
s
w
aad aa
d (c) Planet aaddaa
(a) Meteor
ww . P
. P
(b) Star (d)
w
Asteroid
w . P
. P
ww w wAsteroid]
w

w w w w
[Ans :(d)
4. The period of revolution of planet A around the Sun is 8 times that of planet B.
w
How many times is the distance of planet A as great as that of planet B?
N Nee tt
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 2
N N ett
e (d) 3 [Ans : (a) 4]
l a
l i
a .i5. . (a)The 13.7
Big Bang occurred _____ years ago.
l a
l ai.i.
saa billion

(b) 15 million
d daassa
(c) a15 billion (d) 20 million
d a
d s
a
. P
. Pa a [Ans : (a) 13.7 billion]a
. P
. P a
w ww [154]
w w w
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
Sura’s Physics - 9th Std  Unit 09 Universe 155
NII. e
N et tin the blanks :
Fill
 
NN e ett
lalai .i.1. The speed of Sun in km/s is _______. lalai.i.
a
sa 2. The rotational period of the Sun
a as
near sa
its a
poles is ________.
[Ans :250 km/s]
[Ans : 36 days]
aas
P P a ad d
3. India’s first satellite is ________. [Ans : Aryabhatta] a
P P add
ww .
4. The third law of Kepler.is also known as the Law of ________.[Ans : Harmonics]
w w . .8]
5. The number w ofw w w
w w planets in our Solar System is __________.
w w [Ans :
m
III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement :
1. ISS is a proof for international cooperation.
co
N N tt
Ans. True.
ee N Neett
lalai.i. Ans. False. l a
l i
a .i.
2. Halley’s comet appears after nearly 67 hours.
saa ddaassaa
d a
d s
a
Correct statement : Halley's comet appears after nearly 76 years.
.
P aa P aa
3. Satellites nearer to the Earth should have lesser orbital velocity.
. .P . . P
ks
Ans. False.
w w
w www
www www
Correct statement : Satellites nearer to the Earth should have faster orbital velocity.
4. Mars is called the red planet.
oo
Ans. True.
IV. Answer briefly :
N Neett N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. 1. What is solar system?
l a
l i
a .i.
Ans. 1. The Sun and celestial bodies which revolve around it form the solar system.
saa ssaa s
ab
meteors. aaddaa aaddaa

2. It consists of larger number of bodies such as planets, comets, asteroids and
w
w . P
. P
2. Define orbital velocity.
w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
Ans. The horizontal velocity that has to be imparted to a satellite at the determined height
ur
so that it makes a circular orbit around the planet is called "orbital velocity".
3. Define time period of a satellite.
Ans. Time taken by the satellite to complete one revolution round the Earth is called time
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Ne e period of a satellite.
i N
.i. Ne e
l a
l a Distance covered
saa 4. What is a satellite? What aredthe
Time Period, T =
s
Orbital velocity saa
. l al a s
w
a a aa
d two types of satellites? aaddaa
w w .
Ans. A body moving in an orbitP P
. around a planet is called satellite. www.. P
P
w
The two typesw w
w
w w of Satellites are
1. Natural satellites, 2. Man made satellites.
w
w
5. Write a note on the inner planets.
w
Ans. 1. The planet that are relatively close together and close to the sun. They form the
N Neett N Nett
e
inner solar system and are called inner planets.
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
2. There are four inner planets namely
saa
ddaasaa
s
1. Mercury, 2. Venus, 3. Earth and 4. Mars.
d a
d s
a
.
planets. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
3. They have a surface of solid rock crust and are called terrestrial (or) rocky
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
156 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 09 Universe
N6. e
N e t t about comets.
Write

N N e ett 
lalai .i.Ans. 1. Comets are lumps of dust and ice that revolve
l a
l ai .iaround
. the Sun in highly elliptical
saa orbits.
2. Their period of revolutiond a
isd a ss aa
ddaas
3. Comet vapourises . P P a a very long.
.comet may be around 160 million km. www.
and forms a head and tail on approaching the sun. . PP aa
w w w
wwarew
4. Tail of the biggest
wwafterwevery 76
m
5. There period comets (e.g) Halley's comet which appears
years.
co
N Nett
7. State Kepler’s laws.
e N Nee
Ans. Kepler's first law - the law of ellipses
tt
lalai.i. l a
l i
a .i.
The path of the planets about the Sun is elliptical in shape, with the centre of Sun
saa dd assaa
being located at one of the foci.
a d a
d s
a
.
. .Paa
Second law - the law of equal areas.
P . P
. Paa
ks
An imaginary line drawn from the centre of the Sun to the centre of the Planet will
w w
w www
www www
sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time.
Third law - the law of Harmonics.
The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the
oo
cubes of their semi major axis from the Sun.
N N e t t factors have made life on Earth possible?NNeet t

8. eWhat
l a
l i
a .
i .Ans. Factors responsible for life on Earth.
l a
l i
a .i.
saa 1. Right distance from the Sun.
s saa s
ab
2. Right temperature.
a add aa aaddaa
.
3. Presence of water.
4. Suitablew w w P
. P w
w . P
. P
wwofwozone.
atmosphere. w
www
ur
5. Blanket
V. Answer in detail :
tt tt
.s
1. Give an account of all the planets in the solar system.

i N
.i. Nee
Ans. 1. Mercury :
i N
.i. Nee
l
saa a
l a
aal a
l a
1. It is a Rocky planet nearest to the Sun.
s s s
w

aa a
d a
3. It rotates very slowly. aa daa
2. It moves around the Sun faster than any other planet.
d d
2. Venus :
ww. P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
w
1. It is almost the same size as the Earth.

2. It is the Hottest planet in our solar system.
3. It is brightest heavenly body in our night sky.
w
4. It spins in the opposite direction to all other planets.
N Neett 3. The Earth :

N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i.
l a
l i
a.i.
1. The only Life-Supporting planet in the solar system.
saa
d aasaa
2. It appears Bluish green due to the reflection of light from water and land
s
mass on its surface.
d d a
d s
a

. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
3. It moves around the Sun in 365.25 days and rotation period is 23.93 hours.
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
NNeet Mars :
4. t
 
N Neett
lalai .i. 1. The first planet outside the orbit oflthealaEarth.
i .i.
saa 2. It is also called the Red Planet
d a as saa two small natural satellites.
having
dplanet. ddaas
5. Jupiter :
.
1. Jupiter is called P P a a
.of all planets.
as Giant . P
.Paa
w w w w w
w

w3w
2. It is the
3. Itw
largest
www
m
has rings and 65 moons.
4. Its moon Ganymede is the largest moon of our solar system.
6. Saturn :
co
N Nett
e
N N ett
1. It has bright shiny rings and appears yellowish in colour.
e
lalai.i.
l a
l i
a .i.
2. It is the second biggest and a giant gas planet in the outer solar system.
saa aa
7. Uranus :

ddaass d a
d s
a
1. It is a cold gas giant and can be seen only with the help of large telescope.
.

. .Paa
2. It has longest summers and winters.
P . P
. Paa
ks
8. Neptune :
w w
w www

www www
1. It appears as Greenish star and is the windiest plant.
2. It has the largest moon - Triton that moves in opposite direction to the
direction in which its planet spins.
oo
2. Discuss the benefits of ISS.
N Neett
Ans. 1. Water purification efforts :
N Neett
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa aa
The water recovery system (WRS) and the oxygen generation system (OGS)
ss s
ab
aaddaa
to water scarcity areas. aaddaa
techniques developed by ISS provides advanced water filtration and purification
w
w . P
. P
2. Eye tracking technology : w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
Eye tracking technology can be used in many laser surgeries which tracks eye's
ur
position very accurately and helps the disabled people with limited movement
and speech.
3. Robotic arms and Surgeries :
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. Nee
N e e
Robotic arms provide significant help to surgeons in removing inoperable
i .i. N
l
saa a
l a s saal a
l a
tumor and taking biopsies with great accuracies.
s
w
a ad da
4. Apart from the above, there are many other applications such as development
a
of improved vaccines, breast cancer detection and treatment and so on.
aaddaa
3. Write a note on w w . P P
. velocity.
orbital w w . P
. P
w w velocity : w w
w
w
Ans. Definitionwof orbital w w
The horizontal velocity that has to be imparted to a satellite at the determined height
w
so that it makes a circular orbit around the planet.
N Neett N N tt
1. The orbital velocity of the satellite depends on its altitude above the Earth.
ee
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
2. Nearer the object to the earth, faster is the required orbital velocity.
saa 27,400 kph. ddaasaa

3. At an altitude of 200 km, the required orbital velocity is little more than
s d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
158 Sura’s Science - 9th Std  Unit 09 Universe
NNeett
Geostationary orbit :

NN e e tt 
lalai .i. Satellite stays in a fixed position all the timelalwhile

ai .i.earth rotates. This kind of orbit
saa is called geostationary.
Orbital velocity formula a d
: ad
a a s saa
GM ddaas
. P P v=
. (6.673 × 10 Nm kg )
(R+h) . P
.P aa
w w w w w w w w
w
G - Gravitational
w constant -11 2 –2
ww
m
M - Mass of the Earth (5.972 × 10 kg) 24
R - Radius of the Earth (6371 km).
co
ht-tHeight of the satellite from the surface of the Earth. t t
i.iN
. N ee i .
i N
. Nee
a
salala VI. Conceptual questions
1. Why do some stars appear bluea
:
ssa a l a
l a s
d a
and some red?
d depending on their temperatures. d a
d a
.
. P a
Ans. 1. Stars appear in different
P a
colours
.or blue in colour. . P
. Paa
ks
2. Hot stars areww
white w
w
w
wwstarsware orange or red in colour.
3. Cooler www w
2. How is a satellite maintained in nearly circular orbit?
oo
Ans. 1. The satellite is carried by a rocket to the desired height and released horizontally
NN ee tt with a high velocity.

N N e ett
l a
l i
a .i.3. Why are some satellites called geostationary?
l a
l i
a .i.
2. So that it remains moving in a nearly circular orbit.
saa Ans. The Earth rotates once in d24daa ssaaa satellite stays in a fixed position. ddaas
ab
hours,
P P aathe same spot all the time, this kind of orbit is called
Because the satellite stays over
"geostationary". w . . . P
. P aa
w w w w w ww
ww 60 kg in the Earth will weigh 1680 kg in the Sun. wwWhy?
ur
4. A man weighing
Ans. 1. Weight of the object depends upon the gravity of the planet.
2. The gravity of the sun is 28 times higher than the Earth.
tt tt
.s
i N
.i. N ee the Sun. i N
.i. N e e
3. So an object with 60 kg in the Earth will weigh 1680 kg (28× 60 = 1680 kg) in
l a
l a
saa VII. Numerical problems : ddaassaa l a
l a s
w
1. Calculate the speed with aa a satellite moves if it is at a height of 36,000 km aaddaa

from the Earth’sw w . PP which
. and has an orbital period of 24 hr (Take Rw= 6370
surface w w . P
.
km).
P
w
wwwhr into seconds before doing calculation] www
w
[Hint : Convert
Solution : Given: Height of the satellite, h = 36,000 km
w
Radius of the Earth, R = 6370 km
NNeett T =
N ett
e
24hr
N [24hr = 24×60×60 = 86400s]
l a
l i
a .i. T l a
l i
a.i=
. 2p(R+h)
saa d aasaa
s
d 86400s = d a
d s
a v
2(3.14) × (6370+36000)

. P
. Paa . P
. Paa v
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000
wwwww
wwwww
N Neett 
N Neett

lalai .i. V
l a
l i
a .i.
=
2(3.14) × (42370)
saa aa 86400
= dd a as s ddaas
6.28 × 42370
. P
. Pa a . P
.P aa 86400
w w
w = 3.0796 w
w w 266083.6
wwwOrbital velocity, v = 3.0796×10 m/s (or) 30796m/s
www
=
m
86400
(or) 3.0796 3
km/s.
co
NN t
At
2.
ee tan orbital height of 400 km, find the orbital period tof the satellite.
N N ee tkm = 400 ×10 m
lalai.i. We know : Gravitational constant,
Solution : Given : Orbital height, h
l a
l i
a .i .= 6.673×10 Nm kg
= 400 3
saa aaM = 5.972 ×10 kg

G –11 2 –2
Mass d
da a
of the
s s
Earth, d a
d s
a
.
24
.P . P aa . P
. Paa
ks
Radius of the Earth, R = 6371 km = 6371× 10 m. 3
w w w w
wVelocity, v = GM ww w w

wOrbital
(R+
oo h )
ww
(6.673×10 −11
) (
Nm 2 kg -2 × 5.972×1024 kg )
N Neett On Substitution : v =
(6371+e
N N t t× 10 m
4e
00) 3
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a .i.
saa s a
s a s
ab
39.85 × 1013
d
aa va=a 39.85×10
d 6771×10 =
aadda
13
3
a 0.6771 × 10 7
= 58.85 × 106
w
w . PP
. = 7.671 × 10 m/s. w
w . P
. P

w
www wwww 3
ur
v = 7671 m/s.

2π(R+h) 2×3.14× (6371+400) × 103 
Time Period, T = =
tt tt
v
.s
7671
i NNee N
N ee
.i. T = lalai.i. = 5.54 × 10 s = 5540 s. 2 × 3.14 ×(677 ×103 )
l
saa a
l a s samin.
a s 7671
3
w
T
aada
d=a92.3
aaddaa
ww. P
. P w
w . P
. P
w
www w
www
w
w
N Neett N Nett
e
l a
l i
a .i. l a
l i
a.i.
saa ddaasaa
s d a
d s
a
. P
. Paa . P
. Paa
w ww w ww
www
Ph : 9600175757 / 8124301000

9th Science EM New Sura Guides Sample Notes 2022 2023 PDF Download

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

9th Science EM New Sura Guides Sample Notes 2022 2023 PDF Download

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

wwwww

N Neett 2022-23 Edition

saa Head Office:

w w w In order to learn effectively,

N Neett Though thesee

saa  RuhÉ‹ jÄœ ciuüš ddaassaa

 Sura’s Social Science Guide (EM & TM)

(Short Version & Long Version) Doubts in Our Guides : enquiry@surabooks.com

16. Applied Chemistry������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 259 - 274

23. Economic Biology�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 371 - 390

25. LibreOffice Impress������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 406 - 408

N Neett N Neett N Neett N Neett N

PPaa d P Paa d P Paa d P Paa d P Paa d

N Neett N Neett N Neett N Neett N

N Neett N Neett N Neett N Neett N

 Know the characteristics of measuring instruments.

 Use vernier caliper and screw gauge for small measurements.

(a) mm < cm < m < km (b) mm > cm > m > km

(a) 100 quintals (b) 10 quintals

4. Which among the following is not a device to measure mass?

lalai .i.1. Metre is the unit of _______________. lalai.i.

4. A physical balance is more sensitive than a beam balance.

gauge we can have an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

Ans. Length metre

Digital balance Cricket Digital balance Gold ornaments

Mark the correct answer as :

is the full form of SIa a dda

4. Define least [HY - 2019]

Pitch of the screw gauge

lalai .i.1. Write the rules that are followed in writinglaltheai.isymbols

NN eet t mass and weight. NNe e tt •

3. It is the amount of matter It is the normal force exerted by the surface

4. How will you measure

NN et t a method to find the thickness of a hollowNN

lalai .i. Additional Questions

(a) ml (b) l (c) cm (d) gram

(a) temperature (b) mass (c) length (d) volume

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 [Ans : (d) 0]

12. Units named after scientists ________.

saa (a) Screw guage

N N e e t t between Chennai and Kanyakumari canNN

saa 6. Mass is a ________ quantity.

7. The SI unit of mass is kg.

FPS Metre, kilogram and FPS  oot, pound and

lalai .i. 10 years Column II

saa 4. Column I Column

Fermi 10–10m Fermi 10–15m

NN5.eet tColumn I Column II Ans. Column N NeetIt Column II

(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

1. The area under velocity – time graph represents the

 [Ans : (c) Motion of a racing car on a circular track]

(a) (b) (d) (c)

lalai .i. (a) a real force. l a

saa III. State whether true or false. If s

saa line parallel to the x axis.

displacement – time graph will be a straight line.

(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

of velocity or direction or both of them.

2. Motion with non uniform acceleration

VI. Answer briefly :

lalai .i. Sl. No. l a

3. Speed is velocity without a Velocity is speed in a particular direction

N Neet t4. It is measured in ms–1 in SI

quantity. Velocity can get zero value also.

16. Applied Chemistry�� 259 - 274

23. Economic Biology�� 371 - 390

25. LibreOffice Impress�� 406 - 408

Know the characteristics of measuring instruments.

Use vernier caliper and screw gauge for small measurements.

lalai .i.1. Metre is the unit of _______________. lalai.i.

NN eet t mass and weight. NNe e tt •

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0 [Ans : (d) 0]

saa 6. Mass is a ________ quantity.

FPS Metre, kilogram and FPS oot, pound and

[Ans : (c) Motion of a racing car on a circular track]

lalai .i. Intext Activities

(c) convex mirror [Ans : (a) concave mirror]

[Ans : (a) If both assertion and reason are true and

(a) wax (b) vacuum (c) water (d) empty vessel

(c) Ptolemy (d) Archimedes

lalai .i. Satellite stays in a fixed position all the timelalwhile