Shoring

Prepared by Mrs Kalpana Hiren Patel

Civil Department
K K Wagh Polytechnic Nashik
 What is Shoring
The temporary support given to improve the lateral strength of
walls during repairs is called shoring.

These types of supports are used in such situations like:

1) When a wall bulges due to poor workmanship

2) When cracks appear on the wall due to the settlement of
the foundation
3) If openings are to be made in the wall
4) To dismantle an adjacent structure
Shoring is a temporary structure to support provisionally unsafe structure, it
is provided to a structure under the following circumstances.

When a structure has become or likely to become unsafe due to differential

settlement, bad workmanship, negligence of maintenance.

When an adjacent structure is to be dismantled; more skill, care and factor

of safety is required while providing shoring.

Supports may be given externally or internally or both.

Types of shoring

1) Raking shoring
2) Flying shoring
3) Dead shoring
1) Raking shores- This type of shores is also known as
Inclined shores. In this type of shoring, inclined members
known as rakers give lateral support to the wall. It consists
of the following components-
a) Rakers: The sizes are decided on the basis of anticipated
thrust from the wall. The centre line of raker and wall
should meet at floor level. They make an angle of 45° to the
horizontal and angle between them should not exceed 75°.
b) Wall plate: Wall plate is a wooden plate with width 200-250
mm, thickness 50-75 mm and is placed vertically along the
face of the wall.

c) Needles: These can secure the wall plates with sections of

100x25 mm and can penetrate inside the wall up to 100 mm.

c) Cleats: These wooden pieces are provided to strengthen the

needle. These pieces nailed to the wall plate to prevent
shearing off the needles.

d) Bracers: These are provided to strengthen the rakers.

e) Sole plates: These plates are
used to secure the feet of rakers
firmly to the ground, which are
embedded by iron dogs with a
proper inclination. The size of the
plates should be sufficient
enough to receive all the rakers
meeting at that point and also to
accommodate a cleat.
Raking shoring or inclined shoring:
Raking shoring consists of bent wooden members called rakers.

One end of which rests against a faulty wall through the wall plate and
the other end against the sole plate which is embedded in the ground in
a tilt to distribute the load evenly.

The wall plate, approximately 20 to 25 cm wide and 5 to 7.5 cm thick,

stands along the wall face and is secured through 10 cm x 7.5 cm
section needles.

These needles penetrate the wall by about 10 cm, a wallplate is provided

to distribute the load.

The rakers are joined together by braces and tied at the bottom by hoop
iron.
The following points should be kept in mind
while erecting the raking shoring:
1) Rakers must be tilted to the ground at 45 ° to make them more
effective; However, in practice, the angle can vary from 45 ° to 75
°, the top raker should not be tilted more than 75 °.
2) Rakers should be braced properly at intervals.
3) Rakers should not be fixed by providing wedges as this is likely
to damage the building.
4) The size of the rakers should be decided based on the thrust
anticipated from the wall..
2) Flying or Horizontal Shores-

These shores are used to support two parallel walls to prevent

danger caused by the removal of an intermediate building. Single
and double are two types of flying shores. Single shores are used if
the distance between the walls is up to 9 m and double shores are
used if the distance between the walls is more than 9 m.

The centre lines of horizontal shores and walls of two buildings

should meet at the floor levels. The struts should be provided at a
certain angle of 45 °, and two adjacent shores should be connected
by bracings. The spacing of flying shores should be 3 - 4.5 m and the
horizontal shore should be at the midpoint between the two floors or
closer to the floor with low levels.
Flying shoring or horizontal shoring
Horizontal shoring are termed as flying shoring, which are
ideal edges to resist the horizontal component of unsteady
force.

Such shores are used to offer horizontal support to two

adjoining, parallel walls which have to become unsafe as a
result of removing or collapse of the intermediate building.
The following points should be kept in mind
while erecting the flying shoring:
1) The centerline of horizontal shore and centreline of the wall
should meet at floor level.
2) Wedges are driven in between straining piece and strut.
3) The angle of the inclination of the strut should be between 45° to
60°.
4) Single shores must be used solely up to 9 m distance between
two walls
5) Flying shores are inserted when the outdated building is being
removed and needs to be kept in position until the new unit is
constructed.
3) Dead or Vertical Shores-

This type of shores consist of horizontal members known as

needles passing through the wall and vertical members
supporting them are called dead shores. These shores are
preferred in the following situations:

1) If large openings are necessary to be made in an existing

wall.

2) When the lower part of the wall is to rebuild.

3) If the foundation is to be rebuilt.

Here are some points to be considered for dead shores:

● The needles should be braced well, and the spacing

between them should be 1.5 - 2.0 m.
● The shoring should be removed only after 7 days of
completion of reconstruction work.
● Openings made while shoring should be shuttered
● A gap of two days should maintain between the removal of
each component, and the sequence of removal is needles,
shuttering from the opening, floor - shuttering and raking
shore.
Vertical shoring or dead shoring:
This type of shoring is provided when:

1) It is necessary to strengthen or replace existing

unprotected foundations.
2) For rebuilding the faulty lower part of the wall.
3) To make large doors, windows or openings in existing
walls.

Dead shores have vertical members known as dead shores

and horizontal members are known as needles.
The following points should be kept in mind
while erecting the vertical shoring:
1) Doors, windows, other open floors and other parts of the
structure, which are likely to be affected by the removal of
a defective wall or demolition of the wall, are properly
strengthened or supported.
2) The section of needles and dead shores should be
sufficient to move the load, which can be estimated with
reasonable accuracy.
3) Needles should be suitably braced
4) The approximate end of the beam is supported by a heavy
vertical strut called a dead shores.

5) Dead shores are supported on sole plates, the folding

wedges are between them.

6) The floor must be suitably supported from the inside.

7) Once again, whether or not all the struts provided in all

openings have been properly tested and then the faulty part is
gradually removed.