Unit I: Educational Administration and Management: Concept and Scope

Elaborate the role of management in educational management and the stages of successful
.educational management

Educational management is the theory and practice of the organization and administration of existing
. educational establishments and systems
Management implies an orderly way of thinking. It describes in operator terms what is to be done, how it is to
be done and how we know when have done. Management is not a mystique. It is a method of operation. Go
management should result in an orderly integration of education and society
As body of educational doctrines, it comprises a number of principles and precepts relating primarily to the
technique of classroom procedure and derives largely from the practice of successful teachers. The writers in
the field have
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in the process of learning in order to improve the learning conditions of students. School improvement is
ensuring that students are provided with conducive learning conditions. Education needs to be well managed in
order to meet the satisfactions of students and to make them equally competitive in the job searching endeavors
internationally.
Education management requires that students be provided with conducive learning environment in order to
help them perform better. This therefore requires that school improvement be done. When schools are
improved, resources required in learning are adequately provided to students and teachers. Education
management also refers to the process of making sure that what is meant for education is used I education an d
all students are satisfactorily provided with appropriate education
The complexity of educational management as a concept is evidenced by its inclusion of related but subsidiary
though important notions such as ethics, culture, and diversity within differing educational systems. The
overall purpose of educational management is to effectively and efficiently create and maintain environments
within educational institutions that promote, support, and sustain effective teaching and learning, but how
those key objectives are set and the means by which they are attained may differ significantly depending upon
education system or level and across educational cultures. In striving to accomplish these goals, educational
managers, through thoughtful practical application of management principles, enlist and organize a society’s
available resources to attain the educational goals that have been set by that society’s political leaders. As such,
the various educational goals set by differing societies to which educational managers at all levels of the
educational system must respond are by definition changeable along with changing socioeconomic conditions
within a society and the disruption occasioned by the rapid development of digital technologies used as
management tools.
Educational management must be responsive to both global and local changes due to technological .
developments that directly influence teaching and learning through changes in curriculum in terms of
pedagogical and assessment practices. It is in how educational management as a discipline evolves to
effectively meet the needs of educational systems contingent upon the challenges derived from technological,
social, cultural, and economic changes sweeping the globe in the first decades of the 21st century that will
determine the effectiveness and efficacy of management practices going forward. Effectively and innovatively
managing change is the primary challenge facing educational management locally, regionally, and globally in
the decades ahead.

STAGES OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT:

 Planning:
Through the planning process, the head aims to manage an efficient and an effective school. Efficient means
using minimum resources to get maximum results on time. Effective means to achieve the set of objectives.
The third part of the planning stage is thus to decide on an appropriate strategy.
Basic Principles of Planning: Basic principles of good planning:
1. It should be related to an integrated with, the broad social planning for progress.
2. It should be based on extensive research to save it from subjectivity and conjectures.
3. It should look both to the present and to the future.
4. It should solve the problems as they arise, so it should be realistic and practical and must be periodically
reviewed and revised.
5. It should utilize all available resources.
6. It should be carried under favorable conditions, i.e., experts (without their domination)

Organizing :
Organizing involves putting in order of priority and preference the resources, which are available. An Action
Plan is needed in which actions and activities are scheduled. In order to give the plan ‘teeth’, targets are set.
These targets should be quite easily attainable within a short period.
Basic Principles of Organization: The basic principle of good organization:
1. It should not be static; organization needs continuous reorganization.
2. It should be flexible to improve both relationships and standards of efficiency.
3. It should be modified as and when educational theory advances, bringing in curricular and other changes.
New challenges cannot be met with old machinery. However, changes should be brought about slowly and
with consultation and consent.
4. It should provide for participation in policy-making and other administrative activities by teachers, students,
parents and community. Participation broadens and strengthens human relationships.
5. Organizational charts detailing “functions, jurisdictions, responsibilities, relationships, limits of authority,
objectives and methods of measuring performance, etc.,” promote better understanding and larger output.

Directing:
The manager needs to direct the implementation of the plan. He or she should provide leadership by delegating
duties and responsibilities to staff, and by motivating them. The directing process also involves coordinating
and controlling the supply and use of resources.

Controlling:
Notes Control involves the human element. Men act under the pressure of power and authority, no doubt.
Nevertheless, they act more by their own impulses, motives, like and dislikes, etc. Moreover, individuals differ
in their capacities and in their reaction to the forces of power. The good manager realizes the importance of the
human element.

Evaluating:
Evaluation seeks to provide better service. By constant appraisal of procedures, If suggests there, modification
in the light of experiences gained and to adjust the forces and methods accordingly. The manager should
encourage self-appraisal by the workers so that they are able to judge the quality and quantity of their
individual contribution to the group effort.

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What are the strengths of the classical theory of educational management?

Classical management theory is based on the concept that workers need only physical and economic
needs. It does not include social and job satisfaction of the workers. Classical management theory has
the main aim to maximize the profit of the company.
Additionally, the classical management theory holds that an ideal workplace is one that implements
:the following concepts

Centralized structure of leadership

The classical management theory holds that a workplace should be overseen by three levels of
leadership. The first level is composed of the business owners and/or executives of the company.
These individuals are given the highest level of authority and set the long-term goals of an
organization. The second level of leadership consists of middle management. Individuals considered
middle management are in charge of overseeing managers and setting department-level goals. The
third level is composed of supervisors or managers who oversee the day-to-day operations of a
.company

Labor specialization
This concept focuses on an “assembly line” set up within an organization. This structure involves
breaking down large tasks or projects into smaller tasks that are assigned to employees. Workers are
.typically responsible for only one specific task to prevent multitasking and increase productivity

Wage incentives
The classical management theory places emphasis not on employees’ job satisfaction or social needs
but rather on physical needs. This theory holds that these physical needs can be met through income
.and monetary incentives and uses the opportunity for wage increases to motivate employees

Strengths Of Classical Management Theory

 Classical Management theory has a clear structure for management.
 Classical management theory increased the productivity and efficiency of the workers.
 Classical management theory helps to create better working conditions.
 Classical management theory increases the wages of the workers.
 Classical management theory creates bonds among managers and workers.

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