págin problem

a a
226 5
227 9, 19
228 23, 29
229 36
230 48,59
231 67
232  83, 88
233 94
226..
5. Consider a woman steadily climbing a flight of stairs. The
external forces on the woman are her weight and the normal
force of the stairs against her feet. During the climb, the
weight does negative work, while the normal force does no
work. Under these conditions how can the kinetic energy of
the woman remain constant? (Hint: The entire woman cannot
be regarded as a particle, since her legs are not rigid; but the
upper part of her body can be regarded as a particle, since it is
rigid. What is the force of her legs against the upper part of
her body? Does this force do work?)

227..
9. Consider the barge being pulled by two
tugboats, as described
in Example 4 of Chapter 5. The pull of the
first tugboat is
2.5_105 N at 30_ to the left, and the pull of
the second tugboat
is 1.0_105 N at 15_ to the right (see Fig.
7.26).What is
the work done by each tugboat on the barge
while the barge
moves 100 m forward (in the direction of the x axis in Fig. 7.26)?
What is the total work done by both tugboats on the barge?
19. An elevator consists of an elevator cage and a counterweight
attached to the ends of a cable that runs over a pulley (Fig.
7.27). The mass of the cage (with its load) is 1200 kg, and the
mass of the counterweight is 1000 kg. The elevator is driven
by an electric motor attached to the
pulley. Suppose that the elevator is
initially at rest on the first floor of
the building and the motor makes
the elevator accelerate upward at the
rate of 1.5 m/s2.
(a) What is the tension in the part
of the cable attached to the ele
vator cage? What is the tension
in the part of the cable attached
to the counterweight?
(b) The acceleration lasts exactly
1.0 s. How much work has the
electric motor done in this
interval? Ignore friction forces
and ignore the mass of the
pulley.
(c) After the acceleration interval
of 1.0 s, the motor pulls the
elevator upward at constant
speed until it reaches the third
floor, exactly 10.0 m above the
first floor. What is the total
amount of work that the motor
has done up to this point?
228
23. A particle moving along the x axis is subjected to a
force Fx
that depends on position as shown in the plot in Fig. 7.29.
From this plot, find the work done by the force as the
particle
moves from x 0 to x 8.0 m.

29. The ends of a relaxed spring of length l and force

constant k are
attached to two points on two walls separated by a
distance l.
(a) How much work must you do to push the midpoint
of the
spring up or down a distance y (see Fig. 7.30)?
(b) How much force must you exert to hold the spring
in this
configuration?
229
36. The electron in a hydrogen atom has a speed of 2.2 106 m/s.
What is the kinetic energy of this electron?

230..
48. Suppose you throw a stone straight up so it reaches a maxi
mum height h. At what height does the stone have one-half its
initial kinetic energy?

59. In pole vaulting, the jumper achieves great height by converting

her kinetic energy of running into gravitational potential energy
(Fig. 7.32). The pole plays an intermediate role in this process.
When the jumper leaves the ground, part of her translational
kinetic energy has been converted into kinetic energy of rota
tion (with the foot of the pole as the center of rotation) and part
has been converted into elastic potential energy of deformation
of the pole. When the jumper reaches her highest point, all of
this energy has been converted into gravitational potential
energy. Suppose that a jumper runs at a speed of 10 m/s. If the
jumper converts all of the corresponding kinetic energy into
gravitational potential energy, how high will her center of mass
rise? The actual height reached by pole vaulters is 5.7 m (meas
ured from the ground). Is this consistent with your calculation?

231.
67. A skateboarder starts from rest and descends a ramp through a
vertical distance of 5.5 m; he then ascends a hill through a ver-
tical distance of 2.5 m and subsequently coasts on a level sur-
face. What is his coasting speed? Ignore friction.

232..
83. A 1500-kg automobile is traveling at 20 m/s on a level road.
How much work must be done on the automobile to acceler
ate it from 20 m/s to 25 m/s? From 25 m/s to 30 m/s?
88. In a roller coaster, a car starts from rest on the top of a 30-m
high mountain. It rolls down into a valley, and then up a 20-
m-high mountain. What is the speed of the car at the bottom
of the valley, at ground level? What is the speed of the car at
the top of the second mountain?

233..
*94. At a swimming pool, a water slide starts at a height
of 6.0 m
and ends at a height of 1.0 m above the water level with a
short horizontal segment (see Fig. 7.38). A girl slides
down
the water slide.
(a) What is her speed at the bottom of the slide?
(b) How far from the slide does she land in the water?