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Electronic & Communication Engineering

Virtual Eye

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 Project Team
Pavan Kumar P-204EC17035
Rakshitha L - 204EC17040
Bhavanashree - 204EC18301
Prasanna C Patil-
204EC17037 Rakesh R-
204EC17039

PROJECT GUIDE
Srinivas A Rao,
MTech

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

IMAGE OF VIRTUAL EYE

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE DETAILS

WORKING

COSTING

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

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INTRODUCTION

Blind people do lead a NORMAL LIFE with their own style of doing things. But, they definitely face troubles due to inaccessible infrastructure and
social challenges.

Blind people have a tough time finding good reading materials in accessible formats.

Everyone faces challenges in their life… blind people face a lot more.

The system facilities blind people to navigate independently without any external help by means of talkative assistant.

The system assists blind person for reading i.e. Converting image text to voice.

The system also detects falling of blind person and intimating to care takers.

Home automation.

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 Virtual
Eye

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The image shows the fabrication of virtual eye.

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HARDWARE & SOFTWARE DETAILS

Ultrasonic Sensor

An HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and
converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal.

Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can hear)

Moisture Sensor

The Soil Moisture Sensor uses capacitance to measure dielectric permittivity of the surrounding medium. In soil, dielectric permittivity is a
function of the water content. The sensor creates a voltage proportional to the dielectric permittivity, and therefore the water content

o3f/t2h4/e20s2o0il. 6
Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and uses a standard keyboard and mouse.

It is a capable little device that enables people of all ages to explore computing, and to learn how to program in languages like Scratch and
Python.

ADXL335 Accelerometer

ADXL335 is accelerometer sensor which works on the principle of Piezoelectric effect. whenever we will tilt the sensor the ball is supposed to
move in that direction because of Gravitational force.

The walls are made of Piezoelectric elements. So, every time ball is touching the wall an electric current will be produced which will be
interpreted in the form of values in any 3D space.

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Analog to Digital converter(mcp3008)

An analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A-to-D) is a system that converts an analog signal, such as a sound picked up by a microphone or
light entering a digital camera, into a digital signal.

MCP3008 is a 10bit 8-channel ADC (Analog to digital converter) which uses the SPI bus protocol and allows you to get the analog inputs with
Raspberry Pi

Relays

Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically. Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and
closing contacts in another circuit. As relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is normally open (NO), there is an open contact when the relay
is not energized.

Using Relay Fan and Bulb are Controlled In switching by the input Voltage from Raspberry pi

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Raspberry pi camera

Raspberry pi Camera It is a plug and play setup which is easy to apply to raspberry pi. You can easily make video calls on major IMs. It has a
5MP camera with high resolution. It has built in mikes with right sounds gives you a clear conversation without any noise.

In this project, we are using a Logitech camera which is capturing the image and gesture control function.

Earphone

Earphone is a device that converts electrical energy into sound waves and is worn over or inserted into the ear is used for listening,

it is used as output device which gives out Audio output hence audio signal from Raspberry pi given out through raspberry pi

Push Button Switch

A push button switch is a small, sealed mechanism that completes an electric circuit when you press on it. When it's on, a small metal spring
inside makes contact with two wires, allowing electricity to flow. When it's off, the spring retracts, contact is interrupted, and current won't flow.

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SD Card

Secure Digital, officially abbreviated as SD, is a proprietary non-volatile memory card format developed by the SD Card Association (SDA) for
use in portable devices, where the program codes are stored and used as external storage for Raspberry pi

Fan

Dc Fan they spin at a lower RPM and are significantly quieter than the standard fans at the expense of air flow. For maximum cooling. Our 12v
DC fans are clear choice for anyone needing, quality, reliability and low-cost cooling in their DIY project

Bulb

Light bulbs convert electricity into light and heat.

A light bulb that produces more light and less heat is more efficient. In this project relays provide Electric signal to the Bulb where it glows based
on the gesture control by Blind person is processed by Raspberry pi

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Monitor

A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial form. A monitor usually comprises the visual display, circuitry,
casing, and power supply. In this project monitor displays programming code and execution details of code.

SOFTWARE DETAILS

Raspbian OS (or NOOBS)

The Raspberry Pi’s operating system is closer to the Mac than Windows, it’s the latter that the desktop most closely resembles It might seem a
little alien at first glance but using Raspbian is hardly any different to using Windows.

There’s a menu bar, a web browser, a file manager

and no shortage of desktop shortcuts of pre- installed applications. Raspbian is an unofficial port of Debian Wheezy armhf with compilation
settings adjusted to produce optimized "hard float" code that

w3/i2l4l/2r0u2n0 on the Raspberry Pi 11

Python IDE

Python is, an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. A programming language is a formal language, which comprises a
set of instructions that produce various kinds of output.

IDE (short for Integrated Development Environment) is an integrated development environment for Python, which has been bundled with the
default implementation of the language since It is packaged as an optional part of the Python packaging with many Linux distributions.

Tesseract OCR

Python Tesseract is an optical character recognition (OCR) engine for various OS. Tesseract OCR is the process of electronically extracting, text
from images and reusing it in a variety of ways such as document editing, free-text searches. OCR is a technology that is capable converting
documents such as scanned papers, PDF files and

3/c2a4/p20t2u0red image into editable data. Tesseract can be used 12

for Linux, Windows and Mac OS

Open CV

It is a library of programming functions mainly aimed at real-time computer vision.

It is written in C++ and its primary interface is also in C++. Its binding is in Python, Java, MATLAB. OpenCV runs on a variety of platform i.e.
Windows, Linux, MacOS, OpenBSD in desktop and Android, IOS and Blackberry in mobile. It is used in diverse purpose for facial recognition,
gesture recognition, object identification, mobile robotics, segmentation etc.

Espeak

It is a compact open source software speech synthesizer for English and other languages for Linux and Windows platform. It is used to convert
text to voice. It supports many languages in a small size. The programming for Espeak software is done using rule files with feedback.

It supports SSML. It can be modified by voice variant. These

are text files which can change characteristics such as pitch

3/r2a4/n2g02e0, add effects such as echo, whisper and croaky voice, 13

XMING

Xming provides the X Window System display server, a set of traditional sample X applications and tools, and a set of fonts. It features support
of several languages and has Mesa 3D, OpenGL, and GLX 3D graphics extensions capabilities.

The Xming X server is based on Cygwin/X, the X. Org Server.

It is cross-compiled on Linux with the MinGW compiler suite and the Pthreads-Win32 multi-threading library.

Xming may be used with implementations of Secure Shell (SSH) to securely forward X11 sessions from other computers

Putty

Putty is a secluded and open-source mortal emulator, serial comfort network file transfer application. Putty was formulated for Microsoft
Windows, but it has been ported to various other operating systems.

It can link up to a serial port. It backs up a variety of

3/n2e4/t2w02o0rk protocols, together with SCP, SSH, Telnet, and raw 14

WORKING OF VIRTUAL EYE

Based on the inputs from the Ultrasonic sensors, Accelerometer, moisture sensor, A-D converter, Camera.

Ultrasonic Sensor detects the object by transmitting train of pulses and receives the echo signal by hitting the object then it is given to a-d
converter where it converts analog signal to digital signal and it is feeded to the raspberry pi.

Accelerometer ADXL335 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs.

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It can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or
vibration. The user selects the bandwidth of the Accelerometer using the CX, CY, and CZ capacitors at the XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT pins.
Bandwidths can be selected to suit the application. Then the value is feeded to the Raspberry pi using A-D converter.

Moisture sensor is used to detect the water content in stick in order to avoid damage to the stick where it senses the water and sends the signal
to the raspberry pi. Raspberry pi process all the inputs from the sensors and executes overall operation.

Processing all the operation by Raspberry pi executes the commands to the Earphones as a Audio In Earphone

Gesture control is used in the concept for home Automation where it works on the gesture control of the finger by showing the fingers for bulb
On/Off & Fan On/Off where this is taken output from raspberry pi through Relay switches which controls switching control of the bulb and the
Fan.

Camera captures the image and converts it into a small pixels where it is used in image to speech conversion also for Object detection, and text
to speech conversion which gives input data to the Raspberry pi for processing output to the Earphone.

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COST

Equipment's/Parts Price(Rs)
Raspberry pi 3100
Accelerometer 450
UV sensors 500
A-D converter 250 1500,
9%
Camera module 1800 1500,
9%
SD card 450
Monitor 3500
Switches 30
13000,
Earphone 1500 81%
Relays 450
Moisture sensor 500
Fan 150
Parts/Equipments Others/Expenditure Labour
Bulb 300
Total 13000
Others & Labour 3000
Total Cost of Project 16,000
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Note: All software's are available for

Free in Internet.

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ADVANTAGES

The system enables the blind people to move with the same ease and confidence as sighted people.

Facilitates the easier communication in case of emergency.

Provides Alert to his guide when the person is falling with live location is sent to his guide mobile as a normal message

Efficient low cost design.

DISADVANTAGES

▼It is little bit bulky to carry.

▼Sensors being very sensitive it may send faulty message during accidental cases

▼Requirement of power source.

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CONCLUSION

This system gives the result for all 360-degree position of the smart walking stick. So, this system provides overall support for the blind society in
guiding.

In a developing country like India, there is a need for a cost-effective solution so that most of the people can have an effective product as
proposed in this paper.

FUTURE SCOPE

This project in the future can come across many changes, like an automatic or semi automatic system with motor which runs at constant speed
attached to shaft instead of giving power by hand.

It can be made more compact to make it easier to carry.

In addition, if a GPS is installed onto the device, it could also help navigate the person in outdoor environment.

31/03/2017