Ans 1: A communication barrier is anything that prevents us from receiving and

understanding the messages others use to convey their information, ideas, and thoughts.
They can interfere with or block the message you are trying to send. 
Different types of communication barriers are:
1. Linguistic Barriers: It is the barrier caused due to differences in language, dialect, or
accent.
2. Psychological Barriers: Effective communication requires a perfect balance of emotions
and facts.
3. Emotional Barriers: Emotions such as anger, frustration, and humour can cloud a person’s
decision-making abilities and, therefore, confine their communication effectiveness.
4. Physical Barriers: It is any form of object or sounds that causes an obstacle in conveying
the message.
5. Cultural Barriers: Like when people from different cultures communicate in different
ways, such as speaking different languages, holding different cultural beliefs, or using
various gestures and symbols.
6. Organisational Structure Barriers: Not using a proper communication system or using
many different communication systems may create difficulty to deliver the message
correctly.
7. Attitude Barriers: Being too introverted or extroverted can create barriers to effective
communication. Throwing tantrums or egos during a conversation is a way that makes other
people uncomfortable.
8. Perception Barriers: Having different points of view on a matter can create barriers to
effective communication.
9. Physiological Barriers: Specific disorders, diseases, or other limitations may also deter
effective communication.

effective ways to overcome the barriers to communication are:

1. Make Your Ideas Clear Before Communicating: In order to minimise vagueness and
confusion in the communication process, clear communication builds upon exact terms and
concrete words.
2. Ensure the Time of Your Communication is Good: When you speak to someone, try to see
the time and the mood of the person. Time is an important factor in communication. 
3. Use a Language Your Listener Can Understand: You have to ensure that you are speaking
the language which your listener can understand.
4. Make your Message to the Point and Short: When speaking or writing emails or chatting,
make your message to the point. As a result, It will increase your time to explain again.
5. Check if the Other Person has Understood Your Message: Giving and requesting feedback
proves that you are serious about what the other person says and their views on the
subject. 
6. Take Care of Your Body Language, Tone, and Content of the Message: Whenever you are
speaking, make sure you are communicating with correct body language. 
7. Listen Before you Speak Again: Even though you and the other person may have a
different perception of the subject, listening to the person overcomes barriers. 
8. Do Not Interrupt When Someone Else is Speaking: Strongly avoid interrupting, Because
when you interrupt someone, it distracts them from the things they were saying. As a result,
they might lose their flow. 
9. Make your Message Judgement Free: When you are speaking, do not speak rudely or
impolitely about someone’s culture, religion, or belief. It will demean your listener and may
affect your listener emotionally.

Ans 2: Some people have the tendency to form a judgement before listening to the entire
message. This is known as premature evaluation. “half-listening is like racing you engine
with the gears in neutral. You use gasoline but you get nowhere.” Premature evaluation
distorts understandings and acts as a barrier to effective communication. Listening patiently
until the speaker completes his or her argument is necessary for correct interpretation of an
oral message. The listener can distort the intended meaning by prejudging the intentions of
the speaker, inferring the final meaning of the message, or giving a different twist to the
argument according to his or her own assumptions or by just picking out a few select shreds
of information. These mental processes may act as a block to listening, affecting accurate
exchange of information. Distorted listening occurs in many ways. Sometimes we just get
the order of information wrong, which can have relatively little negative effects if we are
casually recounting a story, annoying effects if we forget the order of turns (left, right, left,
or right, left, right?) in our driving directions, or very negative effects if we recount the
events of a crime out of order, which leads to faulty testimony at a criminal trial.
Rationalization is another form of distorted listening through which we adapt, edit, or skew
incoming information to fit our existing schemata. We may, for example, reattribute the
cause of something to better suit our own beliefs. Last, the addition of material to a
message is a type of distorted listening that actually goes against our normal pattern of
listening, which involves reducing the amount of information and losing some meaning as
we take it in. The metaphor of “weaving a tall tale” is related to the practice of distorting
through addition, as inaccurate or fabricated information is added to what was actually
heard. Addition of material is also a common feature of gossip.

Ans 3: Last, the addition of material to a message is a type of distorted listening that actually
goes against our normal pattern of listening, which involves reducing the amount of
information and losing some meaning as we take it in. The metaphor of “weaving a tall tale”
is related to the practice of distorting through addition, as inaccurate or fabricated
information is added to what was actually heard. Addition of material is also a common
feature of gossip.
The communication in which information flows through proper and pre-defined solutions is
referred as Formal Communication. It follows a hierarchical chain that is generally
established by the organization itself. This type of communication is a must in the workplace
because employees are expected to follow formal communication while performing their
duties. Some general examples of formal communication are Reports, Commands, Orders,
etc. Types of Formal Communication are:
1. Vertical: In this type of formal communication, information exchange takes place at
different organizational levels. Either the communication takes place from superior
authority to subordinate or vice-versa. It is also classified into two types:
Bottom-up: Communication flow is from subordinate to superior authority.
Top-down: Communication flow is from superior authority to subordinate.
2. Lateral or Horizontal: This type of communication takes place between two employees of
the same level but working in different departments.
3. Diagonal or Crosswise: This type of communication takes place between employees of
different departments working at different levels.
Informal communication is multidimensional, it flows freely in the organization without any
boundation of predefined channels or routes. It is comparatively very quick and relational.
In organizations it is often called the ‘grapevine’, it is also important for the growth of a
company because employees can discuss work-related issues more openly which ultimately
saves the company’s time and money. Some general examples are - Chats between team
members, A private journal or diary, etc. Types of Informal Communication are:
1. Single Strand Chain: The communication in which one person tells something to another
who again says something to another person and the process continues.
2. Cluster Chain: In this type of informal communication, one person tells something to
some of his friends then they circulate that among their close friends and the process goes
on.
3. Probability Chain: In this type, one person randomly chooses some persons and transfers
information to them, and they also do the same later on.
4. Gossip Chain: This type of communication is very common in an organization, where a
person tells something to a group of people then they also spread it further to another
group of people till it gets passed to everyone.