PP

QUESTION
Q.1 What is a difference between Trade, Business and Profession?
Q.2 What is Architects Act 1972?
1. Introduction
• This Act may be called the Architects Act, 1972.
• It extends to the whole of India.
• It shall come in to force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in
the Official Gazette, appoint
2. Definitions
• "architect" means a person whose name is for the time being entered in the register;
• "Council" means the Council of Architecture constituted under Section 3;
• "Indian Institute of Architects" means the Indian Institute of Architects registered under
the Societies Registration Act, 1860;
• "recognized qualification" means any qualification in architecture for the time being
included in the Schedule or notified under section 15
• "register" means the register of architects maintained under section 23;
• "regulation" means a regulation made under this Act by the Council;
• "rule" means a rule made under this Act by the Central Government
Maintenance of Register of Architects:
The Council shall upon its constitution assume the duty of maintaining A Register in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.
The register shall include the following particulars, namely:
a. The full name with date of birth, nationality and residential address of the architect ;
b. His qualification for registration, and the date on which he obtained that
qualification and the authority which conferred it ;
c. The date of his first admission to the register;
d. His professional address, e. Further particulars as may be prescribed by rules.
a) Discuss in detail the Professional fees and Architectural Services
Professional Fee
a. In consideration of the professional services rendered by the Architect, he shall be paid
professional fee and other charges in accordance with the Scale of Charges.
b. Any tax levied by law, such as Service tax, etc. contingent to professional services rendered
by the Architect, shall be payable by the Client, over and above the gross fees charged by the
Architect in relation to the services provided.
Scope of Work in Architecture
a. Taking Client's instructions and preparation of design brief.
b. Site evaluation, analysis and impact of existing and / or proposed development on its immediate environs.
c. Design and site development.
d. Structural design.
e. Sanitary, plumbing, drainage, water supply and sewerage design.
f. Electrical, electronic, communication systems and design.
g. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design (HVAC) and other mechanical systems.
h. Elevators, escalators, etc.
i. Fire detection, Fire protection and Security systems etc.
j. Periodic inspection and evaluation of Construction works.
Allied Fields to Provide Services
• Landscape Architecture
• Interior Architecture
• Architectural Conservation
• Retrofitting of Buildings
• Graphic Design And Signage
b)Architects role and architectural services

STAGE 1: CONCEPT DESIGN STAGE

a. Ascertain Client's requirements, examine site constraints & potential; and prepare a design brief
for Client's approval.
b. Prepare report on site evaluation, state of existing buildings, if any; and analysis and impact
of existing and/ or proposed development on its immediate environs.
c. Prepare drawings and documents to enable the Client to get done the detailed survey and
soil investigation at the site of the project.
d. Furnish report on measures required to be taken to mitigate the adverse impact, if any, of the
existing and / or proposed development on its immediate environs.
e. Prepare conceptual designs with reference to requirements given and prepare rough estimate
of cost on area basis.
STAGE 2: PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND DRAWINGS
Modify the conceptual designs incorporating required changes and prepare the preliminary drawings, sketches, study
model, etc., for the Client's approval along with preliminary estimate of cost on area basis.
STAGE 3: DRAWINGS FOR CLIENT'S/ STATUTORY APPROVALS
Prepare drawings necessary for Client's/ statutory approvals and ensure compliance with
codes, standards and legislation, as applicable and assist the Client in obtaining the statutory
approvals thereof, if required.
STAGE 4: WORKING DRAWINGS AND TENDER DOCUMENTS
Prepare working drawings, specifications and schedule of quantities sufficient to prepare estimate of cost and tender
documents including code of practice covering aspects like mode of measurement, method of payments, quality control
procedures on materials & works and other conditions of contract
STAGE 5: APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTORS
Invite, receive and analyse tenders; advise Client on appointment of contractors.
STAGE 6: CONSTRUCTION
a. Prepare and issue working drawings and details for proper execution of works during
construction.
b. Approve samples of various elements and components.
c. Check and approve shop drawings submitted by the contractor/ vendors.
d. Visit the site of work, at intervals mutually agreed upon, to inspect and evaluate the
Construction Works and where necessary clarify any decision, offer interpretation of the
drawings/specifications, attend conferences and meetings to ensure that the project proceeds
generally in accordance with the conditions of contract and keep the Client informed and
render advice on actions, if required.
e. In order to ensure that the work at site proceeds in accordance with the contract documents/
drawings and to exercise time and quality controls, the day-to-day supervision will be carried
out by a Construction Manager (Clerk of Works/ Site Supervisor or Construction Management
Agency in case of a large and complex project), who shall work under the guidance and direction
of the Architect and shall be appointed and paid by the Client.
f. Issue Certificate of Virtual Completion of works.
STAGE 7: COMPLETION
a. Prepare and submit completion reports and drawings for the project as required
and assist the Client in obtaining "Completion/ Occupancy Certificate" from statutory
authorities, wherever required.
b. Issue two sets of as built drawings including services and structures
c) Stage of work and percentage of fees.
d) Detailed scope of work for Architectural service
Scope of Work in Architecture
a. Taking Client's instructions and preparation of design brief.
b. Site evaluation, analysis and impact of existing and / or proposed development on its immediate environs.
c. Design and site development.
d. Structural design.
e. Sanitary, plumbing, drainage, water supply and sewerage design.
f. Electrical, electronic, communication systems and design.
g. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design (HVAC) and other mechanical systems.
h. Elevators, escalators, etc.
i. Fire detection, Fire protection and Security systems etc.
j. Periodic inspection and evaluation of Construction works.
Allied Fields to Provide Services
• Landscape Architecture
• Interior Architecture
• Architectural Conservation
• Retrofitting of Buildings
• Graphic Design And Signage

Q.3 a) What is the Council of Architectural? What is its composition?

The Council of Architecture is a statutory body constituted by the Government of India under the provisions of the
Architects Act, 1972, enacted by the Parliament of India, which came into force on 1 September 1972.
The Act provides for registration of Architects, standards of education, recognized qualifications and standards of practice
to be complied with by the practicing architects.
The Council of Architecture is charged with the responsibility to regulate the education and practice of profession
throughout India besides maintaining the register of architects. For this purpose, the Government of India has framed Rules
and Council of Architecture has framed Regulations as provided for in the Architects Act, with the approval of Government
of India.
COMPOSITION
A. Five architects possessing recognized qualifications elected by the Indian Institute of
Architects from among its members;
B. Two persons nominated by the All India Council for Technical Education established
by the Resolution of the Government of India in the late Ministry of Education No.F.16-
10/44-E.III, dated the 30th November, 1945;
C. Five persons elected from among themselves by heads of architectural institutions
in India imparting full-time instruction for recognized qualifications;
D. The Chief Architects in the Ministries of the Central Government to which the
Government business relating to defence and railways has been allotted and head of
the Architectural Organization in the Central Public Works Department, ex officio;
E. One person nominated by the Central Government;
F. An architect from each State nominated by the Government of that state;
G. Two persons nominated by the Institution of Engineers (India) from among its members;
H. One person nominated by the Institution of Surveyors (India) from among its members.
b) What is the function and role of COA in Architectural Profession in India?
Function
1. Meetings
2. Powers and Duties of President and Vice-President of the Council
3. Committees of the council
4. Registrar and Employees of the Council
5. Finances, Accounts and Audit
6. Inspection of Educational Institutions of Architecture
Role
• His Duty towards his country and Society will make him
1. Ensure that his professional activities do not conflict with his general responsibility to contribute to the
quality of the environment and future welfare of society.
2. Apply his skill to the creative, responsible and economic development of his country.
• His Duty towards his Client shall make him
3. Provide professional services of a high standard, to the best of his ability.
4. If in private practice, inform his Client of the conditions of engagement and scale of charges and agree
that these conditions shall be the basis of the appointment.
5. Not sub-commission to another Architect or Architects the work for which he has been commissioned
without prior agreement of his Client.
6. Not give or take discounts, commissions, gifts or other inducements for the introduction of Clients or of work. (I
have tried to incorporate the difference between Business and Practice leading to a situation of “Conflict of
Interest” in Chapter IA. Please go through this again
7. Act with fairness and impartiality when administering a building contract.
8. Maintain a high standard of integrity.
• His Duty towards Architectural Practice in General Shall Make Him
9. Promote the advancement of Architecture, standards of Architectural education, research, training and practice.
10. Conduct himself in a manner which is not derogatory to his professional character, nor likely to lessen the confidence of the
public in the profession, nor bring Architects into disrepute.
11. Compete fairly with other Architects.
12. Observe and uphold the Council's conditions of engagement and scale of charges.
13. Not supplant (to take the place of, to remove forcefully) or attempt to supplant another Architect.
14. Not prepare designs in competition with other Architects for a Client without pay mentor for a reduced fee (except in
a competition conducted in accordance with the Architectural competition guidelines approved by the Council).
15. Not attempt to obtain, offer to undertake or accept a commission for which he knows another Architect has been
selected or employed until he has evidence that the selection, employment or agreement has been terminated and he has
given the previous Architect written notice that he is so doing, provided that in the preliminary stages of works, the Client
may consult, in order to select the Architect, as many Architects as he wants, provided he makes payment of charges to each
of the Architects
so consulted.
16. Comply with Council's guidelines for Architectural competitions and inform the Councilor his appointment as assessor
for an Architectural competition.
17. When working in other countries, observe the requirements of codes of conduct applicable to the place where he
is working.
18. Not have or take as partner in his firm any person who is disqualified for registration by reason of the fact that his name has
been removed from the Register under Section 29or 30 of the Architects Act, 1972.
• His Duty towards his Staff and Associates shall make him
19. Provide his employees with suitable working environment compensate them fairly and facilitate their
professional development.
20. Recognize and respect the professional contribution of his employees.
21. Recognize and respect the professional contribution of his “Associates.”
22. Enter into agreement with the “Associates” defining their scope of work, responsibilities, functions, fees and mode of
payment.
• An Architect has to make Himself Visible through his Work as Architect and not through Advertisement and Hence
23. An Architect shall not advertise his professional services nor shall he allow his name to be included in
advertisement or to be used for publicity purposes save the following exceptions,
a. A notice of change of address may be published on three occasions and correspondents may be informed by post.
b. An Architect may exhibit his name outside his office and on a building, either under construction or completed, for
which he is or was an Architect, provided the lettering does not exceed 100mm. in height.
c. Advertisements including the name and address of an Architect may be published in connection with calling of tenders,
staff requirements and similar matters.
d. An Architect may allow his name to be associated with illustrations and descriptions of his work in the press or
other public media but he shall not give or accept any consideration (Financial Gain) for such appearances.
e. An Architect may allow his name to appear in advertisements inserted in the press by suppliers or manufacturers
of materials used in a building he has designed, provided his name is included in an unostentatious (simple or un
presuming) manner and he does not accept any consideration for its use.
f. An Architect may allow his name to appear in brochure prepared by Clients for the purpose of advertising or
promoting projects for which he has been commissioned.
g. An Architect may produce or publish brochures, pamphlets describing his experience and capabilities for distribution
to those potential Clients whom he can identify by name and position.
h. An Architect may allow his name to appear in the classified columns of the trade /professional directory
and/or telephone directory/ website.
Q.4 Explain in detail Administrative structure of Architects office.
1. The Office should be located in a clean and Decent Locality.
2. The Office should have a name board as per Council of Architecture Norms bearing the name of the Firm, Individual
Architect, Office Address, Timings, Contact=Numbers etc.
3. A Reception Desk and an Entrance Hall is a good idea, however the size and space allocation may differ from office to
office. If an Architect does not have the space for such a function then he must work or meet clients by appointment
only. The Entrance area should have space to display his works, Laurels and in absence his Philosophy.
4. Working Area should have good light and Ventilation.
5. A Private Cabin for the Principal Architect for Discussion. Alternatively an open office layout may be adopted for a more
Transparent System. Cabins are a recommendation from the point of view of Client’s Privacy.
6. Conference Room/Rooms / Discussion Rooms with large seating capacity and projection facility are almost the need of
the hour considering the multi-faceted working of an Architect’s Office.
7. Due thought should be given to a good Office Management System.
8. Areas of Public Interaction and work should be preferably and properly segregated.
9. Design Studio and Working Areas should be restricted to employees only for sake of privacy and to avoid disturbances.
10. Neat and Clean and Separate Toilet Facilities is a must.
11. A small Pantry with a Fridge and Microwave to extent courtesy to Guests and Tea/Coffee Facilities for Staff will add
to sensitivity of the Office.
12. Engineering Department if is a part of the office should be separated as this department involves a large number
of outside individuals which could be disturbing to the other staff members.
13. Good Plotters, Printers, Scanners, Photocopiers deduct the tediousness of getting these mundane but large volume
jobs done from outside.
14. 14. Today’s times necessitates the use of L A N and Wire Free Systems for an internal network to free the staff from
physical presence.
15. Space for Storage of actual physical drawings is as important as Electronic Storage/ Backups / as also space for filing
of Account Files, Client Files etc.
16. Room for Model Making is an additional feature.
17. A lunch room for the Staff and An Ante Chamber for the Principal Architect are all different needs of the day.

Q.5 Explain professional liabilities of Architect as per Architects Act 1972.

1. Indemnity Insurance:
The architect is required to indemnify the client against losses and damages incurred by the client through the acts of the
Architect and shall take out and maintain a Professional Indemnity Insurance Policy, as may be mutually agreed between the
Architect and the Client, with a Nationalized Insurance Company or any other recognized Insurance Company by paying a
requisite premium.
2. Maintenance of Record:
The architect is required to maintain all records related to the project for a minimum period of 4 years after the issuance of
Certificate of Virtual Completion.
3. Duration:
The architect's liability shall be limited to a maximum period of three years after the building is handed over to / occupied by
the owner, whichever is earlier.

Q.6 Explain Architects (professional conduct) regulations,

1989 PTO