University Success-Transition Level – Vân Trang

PART 1: BIOLOGY – GETTING STARTED AND FUNDAMENTAL SKILL:

UNDERSTANDING COHESION
Exercise 1: Match each vocabulary item with the best definition.
1. vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/ (n) a. the smallest unit into which any substance can be divided without losing
its own chemical nature, usually consisting of two or more atom
2. substance (n) b. a substance that makes the body produce antibodies
3. pathogen /ˈpæθədʒən/ (n) c. to copy the way someone speaks or behaves, especially in order to make
people laugh
4. antigen /ˈæntɪdʒən/ (n) d. a group of the smallest part of a living thing that can exist independently
5. molecule /ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/ (n) e. a kind of materials
6. To mimic /ˈmɪmɪk/ (v) f. something that causes disease in your body
7. an array of cells (n) g. a material which contains a weak form of the bacteria or virus that causes
a disease and is used to protect people from that disease
8. antibody /ˈæntɪˌbɒdi/ (n) h. to experience something, especially problems or opposition
9. To encounter (v) i. a substance produced by your body to fight disease
10. bona fide /ˌbəʊ.nə ˈfaɪ.di/ j. make something weaker or less.
(adj)
11. To attenuate /əˈtenjueɪt/ (v) k. real, not false
12. viral particles /ˈvaɪərəl/ l. a serious infectious throat disease that makes breathing difficult
13. to ward sth off m. a serious illness caused by bacteria that enter your body through cuts and
wounds and make your muscles, especially your jaw, go stiff
14. diphtheria /dɪfˈθɪəriə/ n. very small pieces of something relating to or caused by a virus
(bệnh Bạch hầu)
15. tetanus /ˈtetənəs/ (bệnh o. the central part of an atom
Uốn ván)
16. nucleus /ˈnjuːkliəs/ (n) p. to do something to try to protect yourself from something bad, such as
illness, danger, or attack

1. vaccine: vắc xin

2. substance : chất
3. pathogen: mầm bệnh
4. antigen: kháng nguyên
5. molecule: phân tử
6. To mimic: bắt chước
7. an array of cells: một mảng trong đó mỗi phần tử, được gọi là ô
8. antibody: kháng thể
9. To encounter: gặp gỡ ( bất ngờ)
10. bonna fide: thành thật
11. To attenuate: để giảm bớt
12. viral particles: Một hạt nhỏ chứa một số protein nhất định từ lớp áo
ngoài của virus
13. to ward sth off: ngăn điều gì đó xảy ra
14. diphtheria: bệnh Bạch hầu
15. tetanus: bệnh Uốn ván
16. nucleus: hạt nhân
Exercise 2: Identify cohesive devices in the following sentences.

1
 University Success-Transition Level – Vân Trang

1. Chris is on the basketball team this semester at Indiana School for the Deaf. In addition, he is on the
soccer team.
2. First of all, pour a half-cup of milk in the bowl; second, add two eggs; and third, stir the mixture.
3. The problem with contemporary art is that it is not easily understood by most people. Contemporary
art is deliberately abstract, and that means it leaves the viewer wondering what she is looking at.
4. For instance, the two cities most like each other in the United States are Dallas and Atlanta. "Both
have unusually high concentrations of property accountants, security consultants and front office
managers, and low concentrations of clinical nurses, home health aides and assistant professors,"
according to Kolko and Katz. "In contrast, San Jose, San Francisco and Washington, D.C., are the
large metro areas that look least like the United States over all. They all stand out for particular
industries: tech in the Bay Area, and government in Washington."

Exercise 3: Identify cohesive devices in the following sentences.

Another difference among the world’s seas and oceans is that the salinity varies in different
climate zones. For example, the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe is only one-fourth as saline as the Red
Sea in the Middle East. There are two reasons for this. First of all, in warm climates, water evaporates
rapidly; therefore, the concentration of salt is greater. Second, the surrounding land is dry and,
consequently, does not contribute much fresh water to dilute the salty sea water. In cold climate zones,
on the other hand, water evaporates slowly. Furthermore, the runoff created by melting snow adds a
considerable amount of fresh water to dilute the saline sea water.

PART 2: BIOLOGY – SUPPORTING SKILL 1: RECOGNIZING PATTERNS OF

COHESION: CAUSE/EFFECT, COMPARE/ CONTRAST, PROBLEM/SOLUTION
Exercise 1: Match each vocabulary item with the best definition.
1. equation (n) a. an infectious disease that is like a very bad cold
2. cost-effective (adj) b. an infectious illness which makes your neck swell and become
painful
3. polio /ˈpəʊliəʊ/ (n) (bệnh Bại c. a statement in mathematics that shows that two amounts or totals are
liệt) equal
4. measles /ˈmiːzəlz/ (bệnh Sởi) (n) d. an infectious disease that causes red spots on your body, and can
damage an unborn
5. influenza /ˌɪnfluˈenzə/ (bệnh e. not causing disease in your body
Cúm) (n)
6. mumps /mʌmps/ (bệnh Quai bị) f. bringing the best possible profits or advantages for the lowest
(n) possible costs
7. rubella /ruːˈbelə/ (n) g. a serious disease that causes spots which leave marks on your skin
8. nonpathegenic h. to protect someone against a disease by putting a weak form of the
/nonˌpæθəˈdʒenɪk/ (adj) disease into their body using a needle
9. smallpox /ˈsmɔːlpɒks/ (bệnh i. old-fashioned and not suitable for modern needs or conditions
Đậu mùa) (v)
10. inoculated /ɪˈnɒkjəleɪtid/ (adj) j. to remove dirty or harmful substances from something
11. cowpox (n) k. a serious infectious disease of the nerves in the spine, that often
results in someone being permanently unable to move particular
muscles
12. antiquated /ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/ (adj) l. a viral disease of cows which resembles mild smallpox, and was the
basis of the first smallpox vaccines.
13. purifying /ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ/ m. a disease of the liver that causes fever and makes your skin yellow.

2
 University Success-Transition Level – Vân Trang

There are several types of hepatitis: hepatitis A, which is less severe,

14. hepatitis /ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs (bệnh n. the state or right of being protected from particular laws or from
Viêm gan)
15. immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ (n)
16. potent /ˈpəʊtənt/ (n)
17. fight sth off (v)
18. mutate /mjuːˈteɪt/ (v)
19. chemotherapy (hóa trị)
/ˌkiːməʊˈθerəpi/ (n)
and hepatitis B and C, which are much more serious.
unpleasant things
o. having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind
p. to change and develop a new form
q. to try hard to get rid of something, especially an illness or a feeling
r. an infectious illness in which you have a fever and small red spots on
your face and body. People often have measles when they are children.
s. the use of drugs to control and try to cure cancer

Exercise 1: Read the following paragraphs and identify the types of cohesive devices (cause/effect,
compare/contrast, problem/solution)
Paragraph 1:
Deforestation is a serious problem because forests and trees aren’t just pretty to look at; they do an
important job making the earth’s environment suitable for life. They clean the air, store water,
preserve soil, and provide homes for animals. They also supply food, fuel, wood products, and paper
products for humans. In the past fifty years, more than half of the world’s rainforests have been
destroyed. Today, the forests of the world are being cut down at a rate of fifty acres every minute!
Scientists say that if deforestation continues, the world’s climate may change, floods may become
more common, and animals will die.
Paragraph 2:
Global climate change resulting from the accumulation of greenhouse gases, for example, is
likely to have significant health effects, both direct and indirect. An average global temperature rise
of 3-4°C, predicted for the year 2100 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, will greatly
increase the number of days in the United States with temperatures over 38°C(100°F), with a resulting
sharp rise in heat-related mortality. Deaths would occur primarily from heat strokes, heart attacks,
and cerebral strokes. The very young, poor, and elderly, as well as those with chronic cardiovascular
and respiratory diseases, are most at risk. During the two-week heat wave of July 1993 in the eastern
United States, 84 people died in Philadelphia alone as a result of the higher temperatures.