General Education Review: Science

Life Science, Physical Science and Science Technology and Society

Questionnaire with Rationalization

1. Waste from the kitchen is considered useful if properly separated. How are these classified?
a. Non – biodegradable c. metallic recesses
b. Biodegradable d. degradable

Biodegradable means an item that can break down into natural materials in the environment without
causing harm. For example, when a substance biodegrades into carbon dioxide, water, and other
naturally occurring minerals, the substance seamlessly mixes back into the earth, leaving no toxins
behind. Many materials do break down in a more harmful manner, leaving chemicals or other harmful
substances in the soil.

2. The professionals who handle animal diseases are known as

a. Veterinarians c. animal husbandry
b. Doctors of cattle d. Doctor of Medicine
A veterinarian is a doctor who specializes in the treatment of animals. The tasks that he or she
performs on the job vary widely, depending on his or her medical specialty and where he or she
practices (wisegeek.com).
3. Dengue affected patients are easily identified through
a. High fever with rashes in 2-5 days
b. Presence of mucous in the nostrils
c. Presence of red spots in the arms and other body parts
d. Presence of black spots around the eye
Symptoms of dengue, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may
include: sudden, high fever, severe headaches, pain behind the eyes, severe joint and muscle pain,
fatigue, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, which appears two to five days after the onset of fever, mild bleeding
(such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising) (webmd.com)
4. Agriculturists advise farmers during the presence of El Niño to raise
a. more root crops c. more rice crops
b. more corn crops d. more leafy vegetables

Root crops are known to have high tolerance to high temperatures.

5. Dengue fever has caused death to many children and adults. All these are traced to
a. poor disposal of waste
b. poor hoarding of water in tanks
c. poor maintenance of home compost pits
d. poor ventilation
Dengue fever is an infection caused by dengue viruses, of which there are four different serotypes
known to infect humans. The dengue virus is transmitted by a bite from the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
Only the female mosquito transmits the dengue virus. This mosquito is a daytime biter, both inside
and outside homes, and is most active in the hours after sunrise and before
sunset. Female mosquitoes can lay up to 300 eggs at a time. Usually, the eggs are deposited in
 clusters – called rafts – on the surface of stagnant water, or they are laid in areas that flood
regularly. Eggs can hatch in as little as an inch of standing water.
6. Ms. Garcia has a rare collection of orchids. She applied jelly on her orchid’s leaves. Soon the orchids
slowly wilted because
a. the leaves were shiny because of jelly
b. the stoma in the leaves were covered
c. the jelly consumed the heat
d. the leaves were made hot by the jelly
Taking in oxygen is very important because it allows your cells to do things, like make energy from
the food you eat. Plants 'breathe' too, but they do it through tiny openings in leaves
called stomata (singular: stoma). Stomata open and close to allow the intake of carbon dioxide and
the release of oxygen.
7. Chicken pox is a dangerous disease especially in children. At what stage is it very contagious?
a. when wound is peeling off
b. when wounds have swollen
c. when all wounds have disappeared
d. during the first week
Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It causes an itchy rash with small,
fluid-filled blisters. Chickenpox is highly contagious to people who haven't had the disease or been
vaccinated against it. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus. Varicella has an incubation
period of 10-21 days. Chickenpox is highly contagious. The infection spreads in a similar way to colds
and flu. A diagnosis can normally be reached by observing the signs and symptoms.

8. The school physician diagnosed children in a certain town suffering from night blindness. He
prescribed the taking in of
a. Vitamin c c. vitamin a
b. Iron sulphate d. vitamin b 12

Function. Vitamin A helps form and maintain healthy teeth, skeletal and soft tissue, mucus
membranes, and skin. It is also known as retinol because it produces the pigments in the retina of
the eye. Vitamin A promotes good eyesight, especially in low light (medicineplus.gov).

9. Iya’s mother had German Measles when she was carrying Iya in her womb. Which of these physical
appearance shows the effect on the child?
a. Blindness c. Retardation in Speech
b. Defective sight d. Defective Hearing
Pregnant women who contract rubella are at risk for miscarriage or stillbirth, and their developing
babies are at risk for severe birth defects with devastating, lifelong consequences. CRS can affect
almost everything in the developing baby's body. The most common birth defects from CRS can
include Deafness (www.cdc.gov).
10. What term is used for one who depends entirely for subsistence?
a. Subordinate c. Medium
b. Parasite d. Host
Parasitism is an interaction in which one organism (the parasite) lives on or in another organism (the
host). Many parasites are necessary to harm a host, as each only has a small effect. Examples are
tapeworms, bacteria, pathogens (parasites that cause disease)
11. Any change in the base coding of a DNA molecule alters the trait associated with the gene, hence the
organism may appear with a trait that is totally different from those of the parents. What is this
change called?
a. gene mutation c. trait linkage
b. gene meiosis d. sex-linked inheritance
A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the
sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere
from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes
multiple genes.
12. Using a genetic engineering technique, researchers were able to produce a rare protein which may
be able to cure cancer. Which is it?
a. thymine c. interferon
b. adenine d. mutagen
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to
the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons
causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses. Interferon gamma is not approved yet for
the treatment in any cancer immunotherapy. However, improved survival was observed when
Interferon gamma was administrated to patients with bladder carcinoma and melanoma cancers. The
most promising result was achieved in patients with stage 2 and 3 of ovarian carcinoma.
13. What is the cell wall of a plant made of?
a. Plastids c. cellulose
b. cytoplasm d. lipids
Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose, which is the most abundant macromolecule on Earth.
Cellulose fibers are long, linear polymers of hundreds of glucose molecules.
14. Which modified stem is used for storage of food?
a. stem runner c. potato
b. tomato d. grass stem
Potatoes are called as modified stems because it possesses many qualification which is of stem.
Potatoes are underground stem .and usually called as tubers. They are called as modified stem
because as it has scaly leaves, it has nodes, internodes, buds and adventitious roots.
15. Which of the following is used by medical workers in obtaining information about internal body parts?
a. ultrasound c. laser
b. infrasound d. scan
Ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to produce pictures of the inside of the body. It is used to help
diagnose the causes of pain, swelling and infection in the body's internal organs and to examine a
baby in pregnant women and the brain and hips in infants.
16. The condition of the atmosphere that exists for a short period of time.
a. weather c. climate
b. air temperature d. troposphere
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold,
wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. Weather refers to day-to-day temperature and
precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the averaging of atmospheric conditions over
longer periods of time.
17. Which of the following processes is better associated with technology rather than with science?
a. Constructing concepts and laws
b. Discovering forms of matter
 c. Designing a workable system
d. Observing natural phenomena
Technology refers to methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge
being used for practical purposes.
18. Which of the following is the primary reason why scientist repeat the measurement they take during
experiments?
a. To estimate on experimental errors
b. To change the experimental conditions
c. To list the data in tabulation
d. To find out if the equipment is working
Errors that may occur in the execution of a statistical experiment design. Types of experimental error
include human error, or mistakes in data entry; systematic error, or mistakes in the design of the
experiment itself; or random error, caused by environmental conditions or other unpredictable factors.
19. In order to escape the gravitational pull, an object must be travelling at a speed of __________?
a. 100, 000 km/hr c. 10,000 km/hr
b. 400,000 km/hr d. 40,000 km/hr
Escape velocity is the speed at which an object must travel to break free of a planet or moon's
gravitational force and enter orbit. A spacecraft leaving the surface of Earth, for example, needs to
be going about 11 kilometers (7 miles) per second, or over 40,000 kilometers per hour (25,000 miles
per hour), to enter orbit.
20. Where do we trace the El Nino phenomena?
a. rising ocean level c. annual changes in season
b. very severe earthquakes d. depletion of the ozone layer
El Nino is essentially caused by the interaction between the surface layers of the tropical Pacific Ocean
and the atmosphere over it. The water is warmer due to the trade winds reversing direction or
becoming less intense.
21. Which of the following instruments can measure intensity of earthquakes?
a. Anemometer c. Barograph
b. Seismograph d. Psychrometer
A seismograph, or seismometer, is an instrument used to detect and record earthquakes. Generally,
it consists of a mass attached to a fixed base. During an earthquake, the base moves and the mass
does not.
22. Why do mountain climbers use oxygen equipment at very high altitude?
a. There is less oxygen at higher atmosphere
b. There is no air at higher altitude
c. Oxygen fails to join the atmosphere
d. Oxygen unites with nitrogen in the atmosphere
The percentage of oxygen in the air at two miles (3.2 km.) is essentially the same as at sea level
(21%). However, the air pressure is 30% lower at the higher altitude due to the fact that the
atmosphere is less dense--that is, the air molecules are farther apart. The result is hypoxia, or oxygen
deprivation.
23. During an investigation, we follow several steps. Arrange the following in the most logical manner?
1. Formulate a hypothesis
2. Perform an experiment
3. State the problem
 4. Draw conclusions
a. 4,1,2,3 c. 3,1,2,4
b. 1,2,3,4 d. 2,3,1,4
Step 1: Ask a question. For the first step, help your child form a question, hopefully one that can be
answered! ...
Step 2: Do background research. ...
Step 3: Construct a hypothesis. ...
Step 4: Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment. ...
Step 5: Analyze the data and draw a conclusion. ...
Step 6: Share your results.

24. Why do we see the sun rise in the east?

a. The earth rotates clockwise
b. The earth rotates counterclockwise
c. The sun is located in the east
d. The earth revolves towards the sun
The Sun rises due exactly east and sets due exactly west on only two days of every year. Sunrises
and sunsets happen because Earth spins, counterclockwise if we look down at the North Pole. Earth's
tilt means there are only two days per year that the Sun rises exactly due east.
25. To which type of rock granite belong?
a. Metamorphic c. Igneous
b. Deposits d. Sedimentary
Granite is a light-colored igneous rock with grains large enough to be visible with the unaided eye. It
forms from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. Granite is composed mainly of
quartz and feldspar with minor amounts of mica, amphiboles, and other minerals.
26. Which is a biotic component of the ecosystem?
a. Sulfur c. Temperature
b. Carbon d. Organism
Abiotic factors are the non-living parts of an environment. These include things such as sunlight,
temperature, wind, water, soil and naturally occurring events such as storms, fires and volcanic
eruptions. Biotic factors are the living parts of an environment, such as plants, animals and micro-
organisms.
27. What type of thermonuclear reaction that occurs in the sun which generates a tremendous amount
of energy?
a. Fission c. Convection
b. Radiation d. Fusion
Stars are powered by nuclear fusion in their cores, mostly converting hydrogen into helium. The
production of new elements via nuclear reactions is called nucleosynthesis. A star's mass determines
what other type of nucleosynthesis occurs in its core (or during explosive changes in its life cycle).
28. How can you help minimize the heavy pollution that is caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions
in the surroundings?
a. Burn garbage in your own backyard
b. Dispose garbage through incineration
c. Leave the garbage to rot in open space
d. Burry garbage rather than burn it
 Burying the waste inside the landfills can be used as energy which could be obtained through
conversion of landfill gas. The waste products of the landfills can be utilized as direct fuel for the
combustion which could be processed into another fuel.
29. What phenomenon occurs when the length of day and night varies depending on the inclination of
the earth’s axis?
a. Coriolis Effect c. Solstice
b. Spring d. Equinox
A solstice is an event occurring when the Sun appears to reach its most northerly or southerly
excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. Two solstices occur annually, around
June 21 and December 21. The seasons of the year are determined by reference to both the solstices
and the equinoxes.
30. Why do four seasons occur on Earth?
a. The sun is tilted.
b. The earth rotates from west to east.
c. The earth rotates on its axis.
d. The earth’s axis is tilted.
The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis away or toward the sun as it travels
through its year-long path around the sun. The Earth has a tilt of 23.5 degrees relative to the "ecliptic
plane" (the imaginary surface formed by its almost-circular path around the sun).
31. A teacher demonstrated the possible effects of acid rain by placing several types of rocks in separate
beakers containing a vinegar solution with a pH of 3. As time passed, some of the solutions retained
a pH of 3 while other solutions gradually reached a pH of 7. Which of the following best explains this
variation of pH in this demonstration?
a. All solutions eventually reach a pH of 7, so the experiment is not complete.
b. Vinegar is an organic compound that reacts unpredictably with inorganic rocks.
c. The rocks have varying chemical composition, so some but not all of them react
with acid.
d. The students should have measured the pH immediately after mixing since acid rain reacts
quickly in nature.

Properties that help geologists identify a mineral in a rock are: color, hardness, luster, crystal forms,
density, and cleavage. Crystal form, cleavage, and hardness are determined primarily by the crystal
structure at the atomic level. Color and density are determined primarily by the chemical composition.

32. A day on Saturn takes about 10 Earth hours. Which fact would best explain this short day?
a. Saturn is less dense than Earth.
b. Saturn is much farther from the Sun than Earth.
c. Saturn rotates more rapidly than Earth.
d. Saturn’s orbit has greater eccentricity than Earth’s.

One day on Saturn takes only 10.7 hours (the time it takes for Saturn to rotate or spin around once),
and Saturn makes a complete orbit around the Sun (a year in Saturnian time) in about 29.4 Earth
years (10,756 Earth days).

33. In an area where a river has cut deep into Earth, there are several layers of very different rock
exposed. The oldest rock layer is most likely to be the layer that is
a. below the other layers. c. the thickest layer
b. the richest in fossils. d. igneous intrusive rock
 One of Steno's principles that states that in a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer
is at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top. A boundary between rocks of very different
ages. Unconformities are often marked by an erosional surface.

34. Which of the following statements best describes how the planets of the solar system formed?
a. They are condensed rings of matter thrown off by the young Sun.
b. They are the remains of an exploded star once paired with the Sun.
c. The Sun captured them from smaller, older nearby stars.
d. They formed from a nebular cloud of dust and gas.

The various planets are thought to have formed from the solar nebula, the disc-shaped cloud of gas
and dust left over from the Sun's formation. The currently accepted method by which the planets
formed is accretion, in which the planets began as dust grains in orbit around the central protostar.

35. The existence of extraterrestrial life may never be proven, but this idea will become more scientifically
acceptable over time if
a. no one disputes this idea in a scientific forum
b. hypotheses are made related to the idea.
c. alternative hypotheses are proposed and confirmed.
d. increasing scientific evidence supports the idea.

Extraterrestrial life is life that may exist and originate outside the planet Earth, the only place in the
universe currently known by humans to support life. Its existence is currently purely hypothetical as
there is yet no evidence of any planets that can support life, or actual extraterrestrial life that has
been widely accepted by the scientific community. Most scientists hold that if extraterrestrial life
exists, its evolution would have occurred independently in different places in the universe.

36. Which of the following is the best evidence that Earth’s continents were once in vastly different
positions than they are today?
a. Penguins are found only in the Southern Hemisphere.
b. Fossils of tropical plants are found in Antarctica
c. Volcanoes encircle the Pacific Ocean
d. Major rivers from deltas from continental erosion

An intense warming phase occurred 52 million years ago, leading tropical vegetation, including palms
and relatives of today's tropical Baobab trees, to grow on the continent's now frozen coasts. The
surprising discovery came from a study of drill cores obtained from the seafloor near Antarctica.

37. Evidence suggests that Earth is about 4.6 billion years old, even though no Earth rocks have been
found that can be dated at more than 4 billion years old. This discrepancy is most likely caused by
Earth’s original crust being
a. difficult to date so precisely. c. subject to extensive erosion.
b. blasted away during Earth’s formation. d. destroyed by solar radiation

Erosion is the removal of surface material from Earth's crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the
transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of
removal. Weathered rock material will be removed from its original site and transported away by a
natural agent.

38. As part of the modern theory of the origins of the elements, it is hypothesized that before the
formation of the stars, most of the matter in the universe consisted of what atoms?
a. hydrogen and helium c. nitrogen and carbon
b. silicon and lithium d. uranium and radium
 It took 380,000 years for electrons to be trapped in orbits around nuclei, forming the first atoms.
These were mainly helium and hydrogen, which are still by far the most abundant elements in the
universe. 1.6 million years later, gravity began to form stars and galaxies from clouds of gas.

39. Stars begin their life cycle in

a. a black hole. c. a nova
b. a nebula. d. a supernova.

Star birth. Like people, stars are born, they grow old, and they die. Their birth places are huge, cold
clouds of gas and dust, known as 'nebulas'.

40. Which of the following provides evidence for plate tectonics?

a. sea-floor topography c. ocean currents
b. Coriolis effect d. atmospheric temperatures

Oceanic crust slowly moves away from mid-ocean ridges and sites of seafloor spreading. As it moves,
it becomes cooler, denser, and thicker. Passive margins are not plate boundaries, but areas where a
single tectonic plate transitions from oceanic lithosphere to continental lithosphere.

41. A rift valley is evidence of which kind of plate boundary?

a. Convergent c. divergent
b. Transform d. uniform

Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts which eventually become rift valleys.
Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges.

42. The convergence of two continental plates would produce

a. island arcs. c. rift valleys.
b. folded mountains. D. trenches.

Fold mountains are formed when two plates move together (a compressional plate margin). This can
be where two continental plates move towards each other or a continental and an oceanic plate. The
movement of the two plates forces sedimentary rocks upwards into a series of folds.

43. It is generally true that igneous rocks

a. contain primarily evaporites.
b. can be scratched with a penny.
c. normally contain fossils.
d. are composed of silicate minerals.

Because of the dominance of oxygen and silicon in the crust, igneous rocks are mostly made up of
silicate minerals. These silicates can be generally divided into light and dark silicates. The dark silicates
are also called ferromagnesian because of the presence of iron and magnesium in them.

44. Which type of volcano would be the least explosive?

a. cinder cone c. stratovolcano
b. shield volcano d. composite cone

Eruptions at shield volcanoes are only explosive if water somehow gets into the vent, otherwise they
are characterized by low-explosivity fountaining those forms cinder cones and spatter cones at the
vent, however, 90% of the volcano is lava rather than pyroclastic material.
45. The Richter scale measures which of the following earthquake characteristics?
a. Intensity c. magnitude
b. Frequency d. probability

The Richter Magnitude Scale. The Richter magnitude scale, also known as the local magnitude (M)
scale, assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake.

46. Only about 50% of the solar energy directed toward Earth penetrates directly to the surface. What
happens to the rest of the radiation?
a. It is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere.
b. It loses energy traveling through space.
c. It is reflected off the Moon and back into space.
d. It loses energy overcoming the Sun’s gravity.

Once the sun's energy reaches earth, it is intercepted first by the atmosphere. A small part of the
sun's energy is directly absorbed, particularly by certain gases such as ozone and water vapor. Some
of the sun's energy is reflected back to space by clouds and the earth's surface.

47. The Moon is very hot on the side facing the Sun and very cold on the dark side. This extreme
temperature difference is primarily due to the Moon’s
a. mineral composition. c. thin atmosphere.
b. reflective rocks. d. lack of volcanic activity.

The lunar atmosphere is composed largely of helium, neon, argon, and hydrogen. It is very thin. It's
thin because the moon is too small to hang on to its gas molecules.

48. Venus is warmed by solar radiation, but its thick cloud cover increases the temperature because the
clouds
a. prevent the escape of heat into space.
b. convert solar radiation into heat.
c. absorb short light wavelengths, leaving heat.
d. produce heat as they are pushed by strong winds.
The atmosphere of Venus is 96% CO2. Thick clouds at altitudes of 30 to 60 kilometers are made of
sulfuric acid, and a CO2 greenhouse effect maintains the high surface temperature.

49. Which of these could increase average global temperatures?

a. fuels increased use of fossil
b. increased ocean algal blooms
c. decreased carbon dioxide emissions
d. increased numbers of animal species

The problems: such as acid rain, oil spills, climate change, global warming, etc., are not only occurring
with fossil fuel usage, but are also increasing due to the increase in the use of fossil fuels.

50. More solar energy reaches the equatorial regions than the polar regions because the equatorial
regions
a. are covered by a greater area of land.
b. have more vegetation to absorb sunlight.
c. have days with more hours of light.
d. receive sun rays closest to vertical.
 This is because the low latitudes (near the Equator) receive relatively large amounts of radiation all
year, and at high latitudes (near the poles), the more oblique angle of the Sun's rays together with
long periods of darkness in the winter, result in a low average amount of received radiation.

51. What causes the wind deflection from the north and south poles?
a. the rotation of Earth on its axis
b. the oblate shape of Earth
c. the tilt of Earth’s axis relative to its orbital plane
d. the difference in total land mass of the two hemispheres

Because the Earth rotates on its axis, circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern
Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This deflection is called the Coriolis
effect.

52. When a layer of cool air at the surface of Earth is found under a layer of warmer air above it, the
result is known as
a. the Coriolis effect. c. the greenhouse effect.
b. temperature inversion. d. an upwelling.

During an inversion, the air temperature increases with increasing height above the soil surface. As
a result, the coldest, densest air is at the surface and its density steadily decreases with increasing
height. The result is a very stable stratification of air that prevents vertical air motion.

53. Which of these effects generally occurs as the result of a warm air mass and a cooler air mass
converging at Earth’s surface?
a. The sky becomes clear.
b. Winds die down.
c. Cloud formation decreases.
d. Stormy weather patterns develop.

If the boundary between the cold and warm air masses doesn't move, it is called a stationary front.
The boundary where a cold air mass meets a cool air mass under a warm air mass is called an
occluded front. At a front, the weather is usually unsettled and stormy, and precipitation is common.

54. Scientists have found fossils of tropical plants in Antarctica. How could tropical plants have grown in
Antarctica?
a. At one time, Earth’s entire surface was a tropical rain forest.
b. At one time, Antarctica was located closer to the equator.
c. The rotation of Earth has increased, causing cooling of the atmosphere.
d. Catastrophic volcanic eruptions melted the ice and exposed the soil to sunlight.

Scientists believe that the Earth's continents—Africa, Eurasia, Australia, North and South America,
and Antarctica—were once part of a single, giant continent called Pangaea. According to the theory,
the chunk of Pangaea this is now Antarctica was once at a much balmier latitude.

55. From Earth’s atmosphere, carbon dioxide is used by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria during the
process of
a. photosynthesis. c. respiration.
b. decomposition. d. nitrogen fixation.

Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place inside a plant, producing food for the plant to
survive. Carbon dioxide, water and light are all needed for photosynthesis to take place.
Photosynthesis happens in the leaves of a plant.
56. Carbon in the atmosphere is most often found as which of the following compounds?
a. stratospheric ozone c. fossil fuel
b. carbon monoxide d. carbon dioxide

Carbon is stored on our planet in the following major sinks (1) as organic molecules in living and dead
organisms found in the biosphere; (2) as the gas carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; (3) as organic
matter in soils; (4) in the lithosphere as fossil fuels and sedimentary rock deposits such as limestone
and dolomite.

57. Earth’s atmosphere is divided into layers that are based upon their
a. water content. c. relative humidity.
b. gas content. d. temperature gradient.

A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the
temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location.

58. The primitive atmosphere of Earth was deficient in free oxygen. What process was primarily
responsible for the development of the present percentage of free oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere?
a. outgassing c. photosynthesis
b. volcanic eruptions d. oxidation of iron-based minerals
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place inside a plant, producing food for the plant to
survive. Carbon dioxide, water and light are all needed for photosynthesis to take place.
Photosynthesis happens in the leaves of a plant.

59. Most of the molecular oxygen in the early atmosphere of Earth resulted from
a. photosynthesis in primitive plants.
b. decaying primitive plants and animals.
c. volcanic eruptions.
d. lightning striking Earth.

Same rationalization as item no. 58.

60. Which of the following human activities reduces the level of ozone in the atmosphere?
a. using artificial lighting in scientific polar stations
b. using large banks of solar cells for energy production
c. releasing chlorofluorocarbons from aerosol cans
d. destroying large areas of the equatorial rain forests

Once in the atmosphere, CFCs drift slowly upward to the stratosphere, where they are broken up by
ultraviolet radiation, releasing chlorine atoms, which are able to destroy ozone molecules.

61. Once the erythrocytes enter the blood in humans, it is estimated that they have an average lifetime
of how many days.
a. 10 days c. 120 days
b. 200 days d. 360 days

When matured, in a healthy individual these cells live in blood circulation for about 100 to 120 days
(and 80 to 90 days in a full-term infant). At the end of their lifespan, they are removed from
circulation. In many chronic diseases, the lifespan of the red blood cells is reduced.

62. Of the following, which mechanisms are important in the death of erythrocytes in human blood?
a. phagocytosis c. hemolysis
b. mechanical damage d. all of the above
 Phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or
particles. The phagocyte may be a free-living one-celled organism, such as an amoeba, or one of the
body cells, such as a white blood cell. Hemolysis is the destruction of red blood cells. Hemolysis can
occur due to different causes and leads to the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream. Mechanical
hemolytic anemia is a form of hemolytic anemia due to mechanically induced damage to red blood
cells. Red blood cells, while flexible, may in some circumstances succumb to physical shear and
compression. This may result in hemoglobinuria.

63. When a human donor gives a pint of blood, it usually requires how many weeks for the body RESERVE
of red corpuscles to be replaced?
a. 1 week c. 3 weeks
b. 7 weeks d. 21 weeks
The standard amount of blood taken when a person gives a blood donation is 1 pint. This is
approximately one-tenth of the blood in the body and is a safe amount of blood to lose. The American
Red Cross advise that a person should wait 7 weeks in between blood donations.

64. Lengthening of long bones in humans occurs in a particular area of the bone. This area is called the
a. medullary canal c. cancellous bone
b. periosteum d. epiphysis

Epiphysis is a vital growth area near the end of a long bone, which later fuses with the main bone
through ossification. To be more precise, it is the rounded end of any long bone wherein the part
joins with adjacent bones.

65. The part of the human brain which is an important relay station for the sensory impulses and also is
the origin of many of the involuntary acts of the eye such as the narrowing of the pupil in bright light
is the
a. hypothalamus c. midbrain
b. corpus callosum d. cerebellum

Midbrain, also called mesencephalon, region of the developing vertebrate brain that is composed of
the tectum and tegmentum. The midbrain serves important functions in motor movement, particularly
movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.

66. Cariology is the study of the

a. human heart c. tooth decay
b. kidneys d. liver

Cariology (uncountable) The study of dental caries and its development.

67. During the final stage of cell division, the mitotic apparatus disappears, the chromosomes become
attenuated, the centrioles duplicate and split, the nuclear membrane becomes reconstituted, and the
nucleolus reappears. This phase of cell division is known as
a. prophase c. metaphase
b. anaphase d. telophase

Telophase is technically the final stage of mitosis. Its name derives from the Latin word telos which
means end. During this phase, the sister chromatids reach opposite poles. The small nuclear vesicles
in the cell begin to re-form around the group of chromosomes at each end.

68. This major protein component of connective tissue in mammals comprises most of the organic matter
of skin, tendons, bones, and teeth, and occurs as fibrous inclusions in most other body structures. Is
this material
 a. elastin c. collagen
b. fatty acids d. keratin

Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues
that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles.

69. Sickle cell anemia and Huntington's chorea are both

a. virus-related diseases c. bacteria-related diseases
b. congenital disorders d. none of the above

Both sickle-cell anaemia and Huntington's chorea are congenital genetic disorders. Sickle-cell anaemia
was first reported by James Herrick (1904). Huntington's chorea is caused by autosomal mutation
which is dominant. The gene is present on chromosome number 4.

70. Which of the following are NOT part of a neuron?

a. synapse c. axon
b. Nasal bodies d. dendrite

In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an
electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell.

71. Melatonin is produced by the

a. skin c. pineal gland
b. liver d. pituitary gland

Melatonin is produced by various tissues in the body, although the major source is the pineal gland
in the brain. Melatonin (blue) is produced naturally from the amino acid tryptophan, by the pineal
gland (purple) at night-time.

72. Which of the following statements is TRUE of insulin?

a. secreted by the pancreas c. a protein
b. involved in the metabolism of glucose d. all of the above

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from
carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps
keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia).

73. : Fertilization of the ovum by the sperm usually occurs in the

a. oviduct c. vagina
b. uterus d. ovary

Fallopian tube, also called oviduct or uterine tube, either of a pair of long, narrow ducts located in
the human female abdominal cavity that transport male sperm cells to the egg, provide a suitable
environment for fertilization, and transport the egg from the ovary.

74. A layer of dead skin cells is found in the

a. subcutaneous tissue c. dermis
b. epidermis d. no dead cells are in the skin

Dead skin cells are formed at the base of the epidermis, and gradually move up through the skin until
they reach the outer surface, where they die, forming what is known as the "stratum corneum" -
around 15-20 layers of dead cells.
75. Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about the parasympathetic system?
a. It increases digestive action.
b. It is the fight or flight system.
c. slows breathing rate
d. establishes resting state

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it
slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the
gastrointestinal tract.

76. Which of the following is NOT a component of the human axial skeleton?
a. Sternum c. vertebral column
b. tarsals d. skull

The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a
vertebrate. In the human skeleton, it consists of 80 bones and is composed of six parts; the skull
bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column.

77. Select the INCORRECT statement concerning the muscular system.

a. Bones contact other bones at joints.
b. Flexors decrease the angle of a joint.
c. Adductors move a limb away from the midline.
d. Tendons attach muscle to bone.

The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits
movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body.

78. During inspiration, the diaphragm moves:

a. down by contraction c. down by relaxation
b. up by contraction d. up by relaxation

When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens) and moves downward. This
increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. The intercostal muscles
between your ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward
and outward when you inhale.

79. The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is the
a. mitral valve c. semilunar valve
b. bicuspid valve d. tricuspid valve

Semilunar valves are two specific types of valves situated between left ventricle and aorta and
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery. They have the function to prevent the aortic and
pulmonary valves to change their direction to interior of the ventricles, thus impeding blood flow to
go back in ventricles.

80. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

a. excretion of urea c. regulation of fluids and electrolytes
b. elimination of toxic substances d. defecation

Defecation is the final act of digestion, by which organisms eliminate solid, semisolid, or liquid waste
material from the digestive tract via the anus.
81. Digestion of carbohydrates begins where?
a. small intestines c. colon
b. mouth d. stomach

Salivary amylase: Carbohydrate digestion also initiates in the mouth. Amylase, produced by the
salivary glands, breaks complex carbohydrates to smaller chains, or even simple sugars.

82. Bile has what function in digestion?

a. emulsify lipids c. digest proteins
b. gluconeogenesis d. digest carbohydrates

Emulsification the breakdown of large fat globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles. It is
accomplished mainly by bile acids in the small intestine. Emulsification is the first preparation of fat
for chemical digestion by specific enzymes. See also emulsify.

83. Of the following, which is a basic need of all living things?

a. oxygen gas c. light
b. hydrogen gas d. water

Access to safe water is a fundamental human need and, therefore, a basic human right. Contaminated
water jeopardizes both the physical and social health of all people.

84. A virus must do what to reproduce?

a. form a latent virus c. undergo transformation
b. infect a cell d. conjugate

Most viruses reproduce through a process called lytic infection. During lytic infection, a virus enters
the host cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst, or lyse.

85. The chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell are located in the:

a. mitochondria c. nucleus
b. ribosome d. endoplasm

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each
chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from
parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature
unique.

86. Which of the following is an example of symbiosis?

a. lichen c. slime mold
b. amoeba d. moss
A lichen is not a single organism; it is a stable symbiotic association between a fungus and algae
and/or cyanobacteria. Like all fungi, lichen fungi require carbon as a food source; this is provided by
their symbiotic algae and/or cyanobacteria, that are photosynthetic.

87. A heart with a single atrium and single ventricle is a characteristic of adult:
a. amphibians c. arthropods
b. birds d. fish

Fish have what is often described as a two-chambered heart, consisting of one atrium to receive
blood and one ventricle to pump it, in contrast to three chambers (two atria, one ventricle) of
amphibian and most reptile hearts and four chambers (two atria, two ventricles) of mammal and bird
hearts.
88. The physical appearance and properties of an organism which is the expression of the genetic makeup
is called the:
a. phenotype c. pangenesis
b. parental trait d. genotype

Phenotypes. (1) The physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organism as a result of

the interaction of its genotype and the environment. (2) The expression of a particular trait, for
example, skin color, height, behavior, etc., according to the individual's genetic makeup and
environment.

89. Organisms with cells containing two sets of parental chromosomes are called:
a. diploid c. bisomal
b. haploid d. autosomal

Having two sets of chromosomes or double the haploid number of chromosomes in the germ cell,
with one member of each chromosome pair derived from the ovum and one from the spermatozoon.
The diploid number, 46 in humans, is the normal chromosome complement of an organism's somatic
cells.

90. The type of gene interaction in which the effects of one gene override or mask the effects of other
entirely different genes is called:
a. linkage c. mutation
b. pleiotropy d. epistasis

Epistasis is the phenomenon where the effect of one gene (locus) is dependent on the presence of
one or more 'modifier genes', i.e. the genetic background. Thus, epistatic mutations have different
effects in combination than individually.

91. For which of the following creatures is fat the greatest percentage of body weight?
a. termite c. blue whale
b. zebra d. female lion

Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine
mammals rule the oceans at up to 100 feet long and upwards of 200 tons. Their tongues alone can
weigh as much as an elephant. Their hearts, as much as an automobile.

92. Which is false regarding freshwater fish?

a. their blood is hypertonic to their environment
b. they often actively take up salt
c. they excrete urine hypotonic to the blood
d. their gills actively excrete salts

Freshwater Fish is nearly half of all fish species live in fresh water, which means they swim in the
rivers, lakes, and wetlands that make up less than 3 percent of Earth's water supply. To combat this,
freshwater fish have very efficient kidneys that excrete water quickly. They also reabsorb salt from
their urine before it is ejected to minimize losses and actively take salt from their environment using
special cells in the gills.

93. Neutral fats, oils and waxes may be classified as:

a. lipids c. carbohydrates
b. proteins d. none of the above
 Lipids can be more formally defined as substances such as a fat, oil or wax that dissolves in alcohol
but not in water. Lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but have far less oxygen proportionally
than carbohydrates. Lipids are an important part of living cells.

94. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by most of the members of the kingdom plantae?
a. they are multicellular
b. they are nonmotile
c. they possess bilateral symmetry
d. there is an alternation of haploid and diploid generations

Plants don't move, so symmetry would have a different meaning, if it exists at all. In fact it does, but
it's more complicated. Bilateral symmetry is a symmetrical arrangement of an organism or part of an
organism along a central axis, so that the organism or part can be divided into two equal halves.
Bilateral symmetry is a characteristic of animals that are capable of moving freely through their
environments.

95. During which phase of the cell cycle are normal components of the cell synthesized and assembled?
a. the M phase c. the G1 phase
b. the S phase d. the G2 phase

The g1 phase, or Gap 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic
cell division. In this part of interphase, the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for
subsequent steps leading to mitosis. G1 phase ends when the cell moves into the S phase of
interphase.

96. Which of the following is NOT a mode of genetic exchange within bacterial population?
a. conjugation c. transduction
b. transformation d. translation
In bacteria, mRNA is translated into protein as soon as it is transcribed. Unlike eukaryotic cells,
bacteria do not have a distinct nucleus that separates DNA from ribosomes, so there is no barrier to
immediate translation.

97. Myelin sheaths are found:

a. surrounding tendons c. covering the brain
b. covering muscles d. around axons of neurons

The myelin sheath is a greatly extended and modified plasma membrane wrapped around the nerve
axon in a spiral fashion.

98. Synapsis and crossing over of chromosomes occur in which phases of meiosis?
a. Interphase c. Prophase
b. Metaphase d. Telophases

Synapsis (also called synesis) is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during
meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible
chromosomal crossover between them. Synapsis takes place during prophase I of meiosis.

99. The placenta in humans is derived from the:

a. embryo only c. uterus only
b. endometrium and embryo d. none of the above
 The mature placenta is composed of tissues derived from the embryo, as well as maternal tissues of
the endometrium.

100. Which of the following tissues secrete hormones?

a. pancreas c. ovaries
b. gastro-intestinal tract d. all of the above

A gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for
release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface
(exocrine gland).

101. Which of the following is a nonmetal that remains liquid at room temperature?
a. Chlorine c. Phosphorous
b. Bromine d. Helium
The chemical element with the atomic number 35, Bromine is a nonmetal that remains liquid at room
temperature. Mercury also remains liquid at room temperature, but it is a metal. Bromine is the third
lightest halogen.
102. Which one of the following is not a mixture?
a. air c. mercury
b. milk d. cement
In chemistry, when two or more substances mix with each other without participating in a chemical
change, the resulting substance is called a Mixture.
103. Which of the following are chemical changes? A. Cooking of Food B. Digestion of Food C. Freezing of
water D. Water is heated up.
a. a and b c. a, b and c
b. c and d d. All the above

A) Cooking of Food- Chemical Change

B) Digestion of Food- Chemical Change
C) Freezing of water- Physical Change
D) Water is heated up - Physical
Change because here the chemical composition of the substance changes in A & B only. Since we
know that, If the chemical composition is changing then it is a chemical change and if the chemical
composition is remaining the same, then it is a physical change.

104. What is the third most common gas found in the air we breathe?
a. Argon c. Neon
b. Carbon dioxide d. Hydrogen

The most common gas people breathe from clean air is nitrogen. Air is a mixture of gases, and the
air on Earth contains about 78 percent nitrogen and about 21 percent oxygen. Argon, carbon dioxide
neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen and xenon are in much smaller amounts.

105. Which one of the following substances does not have a melting point?
a. bromine c. sodium chloride
b. mercury d. glass
Melting point, temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a pure substance can exist in
equilibrium. As heat is applied to a solid, its temperature will increase until the melting point is
reached. More heat then will convert the solid into a liquid with no temperature change. When all the
solid has melted, additional heat will raise the temperature of the liquid. The melting temperature of
 crystalline solids is a characteristic figure and is used to identify pure compounds and elements. Most
mixtures and amorphous solids melt over a range of temperatures.
106. Which of the following is not a vector quantity?
a. speed c. velocity
b. torque d. displacement
A vector quantity is a quantity which has both magnitude and direction. Here in the given options,
speed is a scalar quantity but not the vector quantity.
107. Temperature can be expressed as derived quantity in terms of any of the following.
a. length and mass c. mass and time
b. length, mass and time d. in terms of none
The most used scales are the Celsius scale (formerly called centigrade) (denoted °C), Fahrenheit
scale (denoted °F), and Kelvin scale (denoted K). The kelvin (the word is spelled with a lower-case
k) is the unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI).
108. It is more difficult to walk on ice than on a concrete road because?
a. there is very little friction between the ice and feet pressing it
b. ice is soft when compared to concrete
c. there is more friction between the ice and feet
d. None of these
It is the friction between the feet and the ground that helps us to walk. Without this friction we would
slip and fall.
109. Pick out the only scalar quantity
a. power c. Electric field
b. magnetic momentum d. average velocity
A physical quantity is something that can be measured. Scalar quantities only have a magnitude or
size.
110. Air pressure is usually highest when the air is?
a. warm and moist c. cool and dry
b. warm and dry d. cool and moist
Both warmth and moisture reduce the density of air and hence its pressure is high.
111. It refers to the endless cycle of codependence, co-influence, co-production of technology and society
upon the other.
a. Science c. Technology
b. Science and Technology d. Science, Technology and Society
Science, technology and society (STS), also referred toas science and technology studies, is a branch
or offspring of science studies. It considers how social, political, and cultural values affect scientific
research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
112. Pedology is the science related to the study of
a. Atmosphere c. soil
b. Pollutants d. seeds
Pedology is also called "soil science". It is the study of soils, including their chemical and physical
properties as they are in their natural environment. It is also one of the two branches of soil science,
the other being edaphology. Pedology also encompasses the study of the microbiology of the soil and
its physics. Within the viticultural industry, pedology allows vineyard owners to study the growing
potential of soil on their land and develop terroir profile goals based on the soil's characteristics.
113. They are the inventors of simple machines such as ramp and lever to aid construction processes.
a. Indians c. Egyptians
b. Chinese d. Islam
The Ancient Egyptians were one of the first civilizations to form in the ancient world. Their inventions
and technology had an impact on many civilizations to come. Their technology included the ability to
build large construction projects such as pyramids and palaces, simple machines such as ramps and
levers, and a complex system of government and religion.
114. It is a practical application of knowledge in a particular area and a capability given by the
practical application of knowledge.
a. Science c. Technology
b. Society d. STS
Technology, the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is
sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment.
115. Which civilization developed the following: seismological detectors, matches, paper, sliding
calipers and wheel borrow.
a. Egyptians c. Chinese
b. Islam d. Indians
The Chinese made many first-known discoveries and developments. Major technological contributions
from China include early seismological detectors, matches, paper, sliding calipers, the double-action
piston pump, cast iron, the iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the wheelbarrow, the suspension
bridge, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the compass, the raised-relief map, the propeller, the
crossbow, the South Pointing Chariot and gunpowder. Other Chinese discoveries and inventions from
the Medieval period, include block printing, movable type printing, phosphorescent paint, endless
power chain drive and the clock escapement mechanism. The solid-fuel rocket was invented in China
about 1150, nearly 200 years after the invention of gunpowder (which acted as the rocket's fuel).
Decades before the West's age of exploration, the Chinese emperors of the Ming Dynasty also sent
large fleets for maritime voyages, some reaching Africa.
116. Solar power generates electricity from what source?
a. The Sun c. Soil
b. Water d. Fire
Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. Solar energy
is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available, and the U.S. has some of the
richest solar resources in the world. Solar technologies can harness this energy for a variety of uses,
including generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable interior environment, and heating
water for domestic, commercial, or industrial use.
117. Which country in the world has a maximum number of robots working?
a. Japan c. America
b. India d. Indonesia
Robots: Japan delivers 52 percent of global supply. Japan is the world´s predominant industrial robot
manufacturer. Frankfurt, Tokyo, Nov 23, 2017 — The production capacity of the Japanese suppliers
has reached 153,000 units in 2016 – the highest level ever recorded. Today, Japan´s manufacturers
deliver 52 percent of the global supply.
118. Empirical investigation of the natural world has been described since classical antiquity by
a. Haber c. Oldham
b. Einstein d. Aristotle
 Aristotle, Greek Aristoteles, (born 384 BCE, Stagira, Chalcidice, Greece—died 322, Chalcis, Euboea),
ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures of Western history.
He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system that became the framework and vehicle
for both Christian Scholasticism and medieval Islamic philosophy. Even after the intellectual
revolutions of the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment, Aristotelian concepts
remained embedded in Western thinking.
119. Who did the first moonwalk in 1969?
a. Armstrong c. Landsteiner
b. Oldham d. Einstein
On July 20, 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong (1930-2012) and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin (1930-)
became the first humans ever to land on the moon. About six-and-a-half hours later, Armstrong
became the first person to walk on the moon. As he took his first step, Armstrong famously said,
"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."
120. It is the time where all humans were hunter-gatherers.
a. Stone Age c. Ancient Civilization
b. Medieval and Modern Technologies d. 19th Century
About 11,000 years ago, Stone Age hunters crafted sharp weapons out of human bone, a new study
finds. These hunter-gatherers lived in Doggerland, a now-underwater region in the North Sea that
connected Europe to Britain. At the end of the last ice age, when sea levels were lower, it was
inhabited by herds of animals and humans.
121. Science and technology in the Philippines started even before the Spanish colonization. What
indigenous technology already existed during this time?
a. rice agriculture c. metal technology
b. copper technology d. gold curving
Philippine science and technology has a long history. It started even before Spain colonized the
country. Technology that includes rice agriculture, handicrafts, pottery, weaving metal ware and
boats were used by early Filipinos.
122. When the Spaniards colonized the Philippines, what did they introduced that contributed to
the growth of science and technology in the Philippines?
a. Christianism c. Politics
b. Formal education d. Buddhism
The colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards contributed to the growth of science and
technology. They introduced formal education and founded scientific institutions.
123. In ancient times transportation is
a. To trade and navigate new places.
b. To communicate with natives of the area; they also used recordkeeping to document their
trade.
c. Used is the field of engineering for better transportation, construction, etc.
d. Used for making new friends.
People have required to shift themselves and their possessions from one location to another since
the dawn of civilisation. As the world's population has expanded, so has the demand for better
and more advanced transportation systems.
The movement of commodities and people from one location to another is referred to as
transportation. To go around in ancient times, humans built primitive boats out of logs, walked,
rode animals, and subsequently invented wheeled vehicles
(https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/transportation-infrastructure/).
124. It was the Sumerian Civilization's earliest writing system. It's a technology that uses wedge
devices to carve word graphics and triangle symbols into clay, which are subsequently dried.
a. Hieroglyphics c. Cuneiform
b. Codex d. Alibata
Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c.
3500-3000 BCE.
"Sacred engravings" is the literal meaning of the word hieroglyph. Hieroglyphs were first
employed exclusively for inscriptions carved or painted on temple walls by the Egyptians.
The term "codex" is frequently applied to old manuscript books with handwritten contents.
125. It's a complex made up of layers upon levels of gardens with various plant, tree, and vine
species.
a. Hanging Bridge c. Hanging Coffin
b. Hanging Gardens d. Banaue Rice Terraces
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of Hellenic culture's Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World. They were described as a stunning work of engineering, like a vast green mountain made
of mud bricks, with an ascending succession of tiered gardens housing a diverse variety of trees,
shrubs, and vines.
126. Invented to solve the demand for publishing books that would reach a large number of people
quickly.
a. Printing Press c. Printer
b. Xerox d. Fax Machine
A printing press is a mechanical device that transfers ink by exerting pressure to an inked
surface resting on a print medium (such as paper or cloth). It was a significant advancement over
prior printing procedures, which required the cloth, paper, or other medium to be brushed or
rubbed repeatedly to produce ink transfer, and it sped up the process.
127. What is the name of Charles Darwin's book on evolution theory?
a. The Voyage of the Beagle c. On the Origin of Species
b. Biology and the world d. The Davinci Code
On the Origin of Species (or, more precisely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life), written by Charles Darwin
and published on November 24, 1859, is considered the foundation of evolutionary biology.
128. According to Claudius Ptolemy, which of the following celestial bodies is the center of the
solar system?
a. Earth c. Jupiter
b. Neptune d. Saturn
Ptolemy centered his geocentric model on the Earth. Using the information he had at the time,
Ptolemy hypothesized that the universe was made up of nested spheres that surrounded the
Earth.
129. What time saw shifts in people's perceptions and ideas, resulting in scientific and technological
advancements?
 a. Intellectual Revolution c. Renaissance
b. Information age d. Digital Revolution
Refer to the situation of the question, use clues.
130. According to this hypothesis, populations go through a natural selection process in which only
the fittest individuals survive.
a. theory of everything c. theory of evolution
b. theory of use and disuse d. theory of natural selection
The field of evolutionary theory is concerned with the further development and refinement of the
modern synthesis of evolution and genetics.

131. What theory claims that the sun, not the Earth, is the center of the Solar System?
a. Ptolemaic theory c. Law of universal gravitation
b. Law of inertia d. Heliocentric theory
Heliocentrism is a cosmological model in which the Sun is assumed to be at or near the center
of the solar system or the universe, while the Earth and other bodies revolve around it.
132. Who created the rice terraces on the mountaintops by hand in the freezing temperatures?
a. Ilocanos c. Ybanags
b. Ifugaos d. Ytawes
The Ifugao people created the Banaue rice terraces, a system of irrigated rice terraces in the
mountains of north-central Luzon, Philippines, more than 2,000 years ago.
133. What Philippine government agency is responsible for the National Meteorological and
Hydrological Services?
a. PAGASA c. IRRI
b. DOH d. PHILVOLCS
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA). PAGASA is a Philippine national institution dedicated to providing flood and typhoon
warnings, public weather forecasts and advisories, meteorological, astronomical, climatological,
and other specialized information and services primarily for the protection of life and property, as
well as to support economic, productivity, and sustainable development.
134. What Philippine executive department is responsible for the coordination of scientific and
technology-related initiatives in the Philippines, as well as the formulation of science and technology-
related policies and projects in support of national development?
a. PAGASA c. IRRI
b. DOST d. PHILVOLCS
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is the country's premier science and
technology body, tasked with providing central direction, leadership, and coordination of all
scientific and technological activities, as well as developing policies, programs, and projects to
support national development.
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international agricultural research
and training organization with its headquarters in Los Baños, Laguna in the Philippines, and offices
in seventeen countries.
135. This word comes from two Greek words "techne" meaning "art, craft, or skill" and "logos"
meaning "to speak of".
a. Mechanics c. Medicine
b. Technology d. Technician
The term technology is derived from the Greek words techne and logos, which are transliterated
as techne and logos, respectively. Techne refers to an art, talent, or craft, as well as the method,
 technique, or means by which something is obtained. The word logos refers to an utterance that
expresses an inner concept, a saying, or an expression.
136. A _______________ is a group of people who share a common interest and may have a
separate culture and set of institutions.
a. Friends c. Group
b. Society d. Family
The question will give context clues.
137. Technology derived from scientific knowledge is used to tackle real problems in fields such as
military, business, and industry.
a. Discovery science c. Academic science
b. Industrial science d. Science as a social enterprise
The question can be a source of the answer.
138. Which of the following statements is not based on scientific theory?
a. Big Bang c. Ohm's
b. Atomic d. Evolution
Basic knowledge of science and elimination will help you find the correct answer.
139. A developing country has which of the following characteristics?
a. Engaged with global markets
b. High standard of living
c. The income source often agricultural
d. Transitioning to modern industrialized economy
Analyzing the question thoroughly will get you to the right answer.
140. It is thought to be the primary source of human-caused global warming and climate change.
a. Industry c. Fishery
b. Deforestation d. Carbon dioxide
The Greenhouse Effect is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
When visible and ultraviolet light from the sun interacts with molecules on the earth's surface,
it is converted into infrared radiation, or "heat energy." Much of this is wasted as it is re-
radiated back into space.
141. Climate change has exacerbated, which of the following environmental challenges in
biodiversity is brought by climate change?
a. Changes in phenology c. Desertification
b. Salinization d. Ocean Acidification
Phenology is a field of study concerned with the interactions between climate and periodic
biological events (such as bird migration or plant flowering).
Desertification is the process through which a productive land loses its flora and fauna and
becomes a desert. It can be caused by drought, deforestation, climate change, human activity,
or inappropriate agriculture. Desertification is a term used to describe the degradation of land.
It happens as a result of human activity and climate change. Desertification occurs when one
type of ecosystem transforms into a desert biome.
In most situations, dissolved salts in the water supply produce salinization, which is an
increase in salt content in the soil.
 This water source can be created by seawater flooding the land, seawater seepage, or brackish
groundwater seeping through the soil from below.
Ocean acidification is defined as a drop in the pH of the ocean over time, mostly due to
the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.

142. One of the most significant limiting factors to ecosystem carrying capacity is:
a. availability of a food supply and freshwater
b. increase unsanitary conditions
c. absence of good health care
d. increased prevalence of the disease
A limiting factor is anything that restricts the size of a population and causes it to slow or
stop expanding. Biological variables such as food, mates, and resource rivalry with other
species are examples of limiting factors.
The carrying capacity of an ecosystem, in ecological terms, is the maximum population that
can be sustained forever on the ecosystem's available resources and services.
143. Why are fossil fuels considered nonrenewable resources when they are still being formed
beneath the earth's surface today?
a. They are forming as a sort of methane that humans are unable to use.
b. A natural process is breaking down fossil fuels.
c. They're forming too deep below the surface.
d. We are depleting fossil fuels at a rate far quicker than they can be replenished.
Plants and animals decompose to produce fossil fuels. These fuels, which can be found in
the Earth's crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, can be burned to generate energy. Fossil
fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas.
144. Water is pumped down deep holes into the hot rock at some power plants. The water is
heated by the hot rock, which transforms it into steam. The steam rushes back to the surface of the
Earth, where it is used to generate power. Which alternative energy resource is produced by this
plant?
a. Hydroelectric c. solar energy
b. Nuclear d. geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is heat derived below the earth’s surface which can be harnessed to
generate clean, renewable energy.
Hydropower, often known as hydroelectric power, is a renewable energy source that
creates electricity by altering the natural flow of a river or other body of water using a dam
or diversion construction.
Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun that is captured by a variety of ever-
evolving technologies like solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar
architecture, molten salt power plants, and artificial photosynthesis.
Nuclear energy is the energy in the nucleus, or core, of an atom.
145. What was the catalyst for the information revolution to begin?
a. Microprocessor chip c. Cellphone
b. Diode d. Television
A microprocessor is one of the most important components of a modern personal computer,
or any complex computing device for that matter.
 A diode is a two-terminal electrical component with low (preferably zero) resistance in one
direction and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. It conducts current preferentially
in one way (asymmetric conductance).
146. What company was the first to develop a microprocessor chip?
a. Microsoft c. Google
b. Intel d. Lenovo
Knowledge of the things around us can get us to the right answer.
147. Which of the following is NOT a natural science discipline?
a. Anthropology c. Anatomy
b. Zoology d. Physics
Elimination method can get us to the right answer.
148. The microscope was invented by Anton van Leeuwenhoek, and Robert Hooke effectively
documented the crystal structure of snowflakes using microscope. It appears to say that this is:
a. science - technology relation c. technology - society relation
b. science - society relation d. all of these
Analyzing thoroughly the question can get us to the right answer.
149. Finding answers on Google is more convenient and faster than going to the library. Which of
the following is the most accurate description of this interaction?
a. technology-society interaction c. science-technology interaction
b. science-society interaction d. no interaction
Same principle as item no. 148.
150. Scientists and engineers are different because:
a. They never collaborate.
b. Engineers employ scientific knowledge/principles to design technologies, whereas
scientists uncover new scientific knowledge/principles.
c. They are not dissimilar; scientists and engineers perform the same tasks.
d. None of the answers are accurate.
Basic concepts for this matter can get us the right answer.
151. Which of the following is not a necessary condition for all living creatures to survive?
a. Clothes c. oxygen
b. Nutrients d. energy
Elimination method, parallelism of the choices and the principle of “best answer” can be used
in this item.
152. What characterizes air pollution?
a. the introduction of any material into the air that has a detrimental or poisonous
effect
b. the adding of any beneficial ingredient to the air
c. a chemical process
d. none of the above
Analyzing thoroughly the choices can give us the correct answer.
153. A food web is:
 a. a several overlapping food chains that form a system.
b. the flow of energy from one level to the next
c. an ecosystem, there are both living and nonliving components.
d. where humans get food.
All of the food networks in a single ecosystem make into a food web. In an ecosystem, every
living organism is a part of several food chains. Each food chain represents one possible way
for energy and minerals to travel through the ecosystem.
154. It refers to the process of removing salt from seawater.
a. Chemical change c. Erosion
b. Salination d. desalination

Desalination is a technique for removing minerals from saline water. Desalination, in a

broader sense, refers to the process of removing salts and minerals from a target substance,
such as soil desalination, which is a problem in agriculture.

155. The water that collects in spaces and soil UNDERGROUND is referred to as __________.
a. Tap water c. Groundwater
b. Saltwater d. Glacier

Groundwater is the water that exists beneath the Earth's surface in the pore spaces of rocks
and soils, as well as in the fractures of rock formations.

156. Which kind of human activity can pollute the environment?

a. Walking c. Jogging
b. Mining d. Recycling

Analyzing the question can get you to the right answer.

157. What is an example of TECHNOLOGY, which is a system of people and objects used to perform
a specific task?
a. To safely guide air traffic, air traffic controllers use a satellite-based navigation
system.
b. An aircraft
c. An x-ray machine used in airports to detect weapons.
d. At an airport, the luggage is placed on a conveyor belt system.
Analyzing the question can get you to the right answer.
158. The following is an example of TECHNOLOGY, that focuses on the knowledge or abilities
required to operate a human-made object:
a. Vase made of ceramic ("cooked" clay).
b. a self-contained kiln for "cooking" high-quality ceramics
c. a Potter's Wheel that is powered by electricity
d. To form high-quality ceramics, we use an Electric Potter's Wheel.
Same principle as item 157.
159. The following is an example of TECHNOLOGY as a human-made object:
a. pen with a ballpoint
b. the procedure for making ballpoint pens
c. Engineers who plan the production process for ball point pens.
 d. The "history" of the ball point pen can be found on the internet.
Same principle as item 157 and 158.
160. Which technology system that allows people to share information?
a. The Internet c. Health industry
b. Automotive industry d. Real estate
Elimination method is a good technique here.
161. Its mission is to ensure that nuclear research is used safely and peacefully in the Philippines.
a. ITDI c. MIRDC
b. PNRI d. FNRI
PHILIPPINE NUCLEAR RESEARCH INSTITUTE. The PNRI is a research and development
institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) mandated by law to
undertake research and development activities in the peaceful uses of nuclear science and
technology, render nuclear and specialized services and exercise regulatory control in the field
of nuclear energy.
Industrial Technology Development Institute is an attached agency of the Department
of Science and Technology. A research and development institute that focuses on five major
areas, namely: Food Processing, Materials Science, Chemicals and Energy, Environment and
Biotechnology, and Packaging Technology.
Metals Industry Research and Development Center. To provide both government and
private sectors in the metals, engineering, and allied industries with professional management
and technical expertise on the training of engineers & technicians; information exchange;
quality control & testing; research & development; technology transfer; and business
economics advisory services.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute. Committed to disseminate information to its
various stakeholders and clientele this information empowers Filipinos to make healthy food
choices and become well-nourished.
162. It is a service organization tasked with mitigating disasters caused by earthquakes and other
natural calamities.
a. STII c. PHIVOLCS
b. PAGASA d. PSHSS
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) is a service
institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that is principally mandated to
mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami, and other
related geotectonic phenomena.
The Science and Technology Information Institute (STII), one of the service institutes
of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is located inside the DOST Complex,
General Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City. STII was created as the information and
marketing arm of the DOST by virtue of Executive Order No. 128
Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS) - is a government program for gifted
students in the Philippines. - is a service institute of DOST whose mandate is to offer free
scholarship basis for secondary course with special emphasis on subjects pertaining to the
sciences, with the end-view of preparing its students for a science career.
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Philippines
 mandated to provide protection against natural calamities and to ensure the safety, well-being
and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of national progress by
undertaking scientific and technological services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology,
astronomy and other geophysical sciences.
163. The term refers to a natural resource that is generated far more slowly than we use it.
a. Renewable c. nonrenewable
b. Ecological d. sustainable
A non-renewable resource (also known as a finite resource) is a natural resource that
cannot be replaced at a rate fast enough to keep up with use by natural means.
164. Nonrenewable natural resources include which of the following?
a. wind energy c. sunlight
b. natural gas d. geothermal energy
Natural gas (sometimes known as fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring
hydrocarbon gas mixture primarily composed of methane with different proportions of other
higher alkanes, as well as a minor quantity of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or
helium.
165. Which of these is a 100% renewable resource?
a. Oil c. Sunlight
b. Coal d. Fresh water
This is in relation to item 163.
166. If the greenhouse effect did not exist, the Earth's atmosphere would be to__________
support life.
a. too hot c. too wet
b. too dry d. too cold
The greenhouse effect occurs when radiation from a planet's atmosphere warms the
planet's surface to a higher temperature than it would be without the atmosphere.
167. The gases that comprise the Earth's atmosphere are colloquially known as air. Which of the
following are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere?
a. nitrogen and carbon dioxide
b. nitrogen and oxygen
c. water vapor and argon
d. oxygen and carbon dioxide

168. Reduced vegetation on Earth causes:

a. increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
b. habitat expansion
 c. less space for humans
d. increased oxygen levels in the atmosphere
The loss of vegetation has an impact on the number and quality of precipitation, causing
temperature to rise and exotic species to migrate (fauna). These migratory species, in turn,
are one of the leading causes of extinction in their natural habitat.
169. The process by which gases in the atmosphere absorb energy and return it to Earth as heat.
a. lake-effect snow c. sublimation
b. condensation d. greenhouse effect
Please refer to item 166.
170. The ocean and living vegetation are referred to as "carbon sinks" because:
a. They are carbon-based.
b. They release carbon into the atmosphere.
c. They obliterate carbon.
d. They act as carbon repositories.
A carbon sink is any reservoir, natural or otherwise, that accumulates and stores some
carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period and thereby lowers the
concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere.
171. The temperature of the oceans and the lower atmosphere is assumed to be rising as a result
of global warming. What effect will this have on the amount of moisture in the atmosphere?
a. It will increase the amount of moisture in the air.
b. Moisture will not be affected.
c. Moisture will be reduced.
d. Hurricane development is unaffected by rising ocean temperatures.
As temperature rises, more evaporation of water will take place on the surface of the earth,
hence the increase amount of moisture in air.
172. Taking public transportation, using less electricity, and using insulation are all ways to improve
_______________.
a. electricity consumption c. usage of energy
b. energy efficiency d. nuclear energy
Energy efficiency means using less energy to get the same job done – and in the process,
cutting energy bills and reducing pollution.
173. What is the name given to the process by which CO2 is absorbed by the ocean and reacts
with seawater to produce acid?
a. water pollution c. ocean acidification
b. seaweed salad vinegar d. hydrochloric acid
Please refer to item 141.
174. When the air is heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide, a commonly used indicator species detects
it. This bio-name indicator's is:
a. E. coli c. bacteria
b. Lichens d. viruses
Lichens are a complex life form that is a symbiotic partnership of two
separate organisms, a fungus and an alga. The dominant partner is the
fungus, which gives the lichen the majority of its characteristics, from
its thallus shape to its fruiting bodies.
 Lichens are sensitive to sulfur dioxide because their efficient absorption systems result in rapid
accumulation of sulfur when exposed to high levels of sulfur dioxide pollution.
175. If a site had been polluted by industrial chemicals, and trees were planted to absorb the
chemicals, the technique used is called
a. genetic engineering c. bio-stimulation
b. oleophilic d. phytoremediation
The term "phytoremediation" refers to the use of plants to clean up contaminated sites.
Genetic engineering, often known as genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the
use of biotechnology to directly manipulate an organism's DNA.
Oleophilic - having a strong affinity for oils rather than water.
Bio-stimulation involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing bacteria
capable of bioremediation. Bioremediation is a method of treating contaminated media,
such as water, soil, and subterranean material, by adjusting environmental conditions to
encourage microorganism growth and degradation of the target pollutants.
176. What do you call it when plants emit water vapor as a waste product?
a. Condensation c. evaporation
b. Sublimation d. transpiration
Water movement through a plant and evaporation from aerial portions such as leaves, stems,
and flowers is known as transpiration.
Sublimation is the process of a substance transitioning directly from a solid to a gas state
without passing through a liquid stage.
177. What transforms nitrogen gas into a form that plants, and animals can use?
a. Bacteria c. Ice
b. Fungi d. Sun
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, as the name implies, are bacteria that can convert
molecular/atmospheric nitrogen (dinitrogen) into fixed nitrogen (e.g. ammonia) that can be
utilised by plants and other organisms.
178. Which of the following describes an environmental change: very little rainfall, hot weather,
and cracked ground?
a. volcanic eruption c. landslide
b. drought d. flood
The answer can be obtained from the question.
179. An organism that is unable to adapt to environmental changes will most likely to
a. increase the number of children
b. die
c. To survive, it must modify its characteristics.
d. more food should be stored
Common sense.
180. During a _____________, smog and air pollution are at their most dangerous levels.
a. rainstorm c. temperature inversion
b. low pressure front d. high radiation day
 A temperature inversion occurs when a layer of cool air near the surface is overlain by a
layer of warmer air, reversing the normal behavior of temperature in the troposphere. (In
normal circumstances, temperature falls with height).
Pollution such as smog can become trapped near to the ground as a result of an inversion,
posing health risks. An inversion can also operate as a "cap" to prevent convection.
181. Any harmful substance that is released into the soil, air, or water is referred to as
a. Coliform c. nurdles
b. Smog d. pollution
Pollution occurs when toxins are introduced into the natural environment and cause harm.
Smog is a type of air pollution that makes it difficult to see. In the early 1900s, the term
"smog" was coined to describe a mixture of smoke and fog.
Nurdles are the raw material for practically every plastic product on the planet, from
keyboard keys to refrigerator juice jugs. They're also known as "plastic resin pellets" or "pre-
production plastic pellets," referring to the fact that they're a raw material.
Coliform bacteria are rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, motile or non-motile bacteria that
can ferment lactose and produce acid and gas when cultured at 35–37°C.
182. What exactly does the term "anthropogenic" mean?
a. as a result of fracking
b. because of humans
c. warming the planet
d. The melting of the ice caps
Contrary to popular belief, anthropogenic can also apply to items created by humans, as
in: The impact of humans on the environment, or anthropogenic impact on the environment,
is a term used to describe the effects of humans on the environment. Anthropogenic biome is
a type of biome that has been influenced by humans.
183. What device is used in nuclear power plants to initiate and control nuclear reactions?
a. fission reactor c. uranium plants
b. nuclear reactor d. krypton activator
A nuclear reactor, also known as an atomic pile, is a device that is used to start and control
nuclear chain reactions or nuclear fusion processes. Nuclear reactors are used to generate
electricity in nuclear power stations and for nuclear marine propulsion.
184. The scientific method is best described as follows:
a. data in the form of measurements
b. a reasonable response to an issue or situation based on prior experience and knowledge
c. Asking questions, forming inferences, establishing hypotheses, obtaining
evidence, and drawing conclusions is a cyclical process that leads to further
inquiries.
d. Analyze data to see if it supports, refutes, or contradicts a hypothesis.
Familiarize yourselves with the concept of scientific method.
185. An experiment's observations are best summarized as
a. using one's senses and instruments to augment human senses to collect
information about the natural world
b. a reasonable response to an issue or situation based on prior experience and knowledge
 c. asking questions, forming inferences, establishing hypotheses, obtaining evidence, and
drawing conclusions is a cyclical process that leads to further inquiries
d. analyze data to see if it supports, refutes, or contradicts a hypothesis
Analyzing the choices would help us answer this question.
186. In order to use a resource sustainably you should
a. Use it at a rate that will allow it to be replenished.
b. Use as much as you'd like; folks in third-world countries don't require it.
c. Use it before someone else does and you run out of options.
d. if you don't have any, don't use it.
Analyze well the choices.
187. Which of the following is NOT a method of reducing ecological footprint?
a. Meat and processed foods should be consumed in moderation.
b. To school, you can walk or ride your bike.
c. When you are not using power or water, turn them off.
d. For amusement, I like to drive a big car around.
Elimination method might be helpful.
188. Which of the following, in addition to population expansion, is a primary cause of human-
caused environmental problems?
a. our practices for long-term development
b. our reforestation initiatives
c. our resource exploitation and consumption
d. our activities in renewable energy
Elimination method might be helpful.
189. What is the name of the system in which matter and energy are transferred between the
system and its surroundings?
a. open system c. closed system
b. growth system d. restricted system
Using context clues from the question might be helpful.
190. What best identifies a biome?
a. exists only in a few parts of the world
b. contain two ecosystems, hence the name biome
c. their vegetation is frequently used to describe them
d. these are all correct
A biome is a large area characterized by its vegetation, soil, climate, and wildlife. There are
five major types of biomes: aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra, though some of
these biomes can be further divided into more specific categories, such as freshwater, marine,
savanna, tropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, and taiga.
191. When automotive emissions combine with oxygen gas and ultraviolet radiation, what pollutant
forms?
a. Ozone c. carbon dioxide
b. Radon d. sulfur dioxide
Three oxygen atoms make up ozone (O3), a highly reactive gas. It is a natural and man-
made product that exists in the upper (stratosphere) and lower (troposphere) atmospheres
of the Earth (the troposphere).
192. What is the effect of deforestation on the carbon cycle?
a. CO2 levels in the atmosphere is increased
b. CO2 levels in the atmosphere is reduced
c. increase the amount of photosynthetically active material
d. the carbon cycle is unaffected by deforestation
Because trees are such an important element of the carbon cycle, deforestation has an impact.
Carbon dioxide is taken in by trees, and when they die, their fossil fuels are reused. This
implies that we burn fossil fuels, releasing carbon dioxide into the air for trees to breathe in
again. However, if there are fewer trees every day, the carbon cycle will be difficult to maintain
since there will be no trees remaining to breathe in the carbon dioxide.
193. What does it mean to be sustainable?
a. species variety among plants and animals
b. chemicals or goods that are damaging to the environment
c. to protect or regulate the environment
d. materials found in nature that can be exploited for profit
The ability to endure in a somewhat consistent manner throughout multiple realms of life is
referred to as sustainability. It refers to the ability of the Earth's ecosystem and human
civilization to coexist in the twenty-first century.
194. Which one is the most accurate description of ecology?
a. animal research
b. is concerned with the interactions between organisms
c. a study of the land on the planet
d. concerned with livestock science
Ecology is a science that includes human science, population science, community science,
ecosystem science, and biosphere science. Ecology is the study of organisms, their
surroundings, and how they interact with one another and their surroundings. It's examined
on a variety of scales, including organism, population, community, biosphere, and ecosystem.
195. Except for ______, all can limit population increase.
a. scarcity of food
b. there is no shelter
c. drought
d. a lot of water
Elimination method might be helpful.
196. Which item is created when carbon is stored for a lengthy period of time?
a. Fossil fuels
b. Combustion
c. Photosynthesis
d. Cellular respiration
A fossil fuel is a fuel that is created by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition
of buried dead creatures, and contains organic molecules that were formed during ancient
photosynthesis and release energy when burned.
197. What happens to population growth if the number of births equals the number of deaths in a
population?
a. It is expected to rise.
b. It will go down.
c. It will not change.
 d. It will change over time.
Analyze well the question.
198. The maximum number of people that the environment can support in a population.
a. carrying capacity
b. population crash
c. lag phase
d. mutualism
Please refer to item 142.
199. The number of organisms per unit of surface area or volume.
a. carrying capacity
b. limiting factor
c. total population
d. population density
Population density is a quantity of type number density that measures the number of
people per unit area or volume. It is frequently used to describe living organisms, most
commonly humans.
200. What happens when there aren't any restricting factors in a population such as predators,
disease, competition, and other factors that decrease population growth?
a. Shrinks
b. Immigration
c. Indefinite growth
d. Emigration
Analyze well the question.