Section A

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Q2.
1.
The typical bacteria which cause pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Staphylococcus aureus, Group A Streptococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus
influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, anaerobes, and gram-negative organisms.

2.
Examples of vestigial organs in humans usually include the appendix, the coccyx (tail
bone), and the tonsils. Body hair, wisdom teeth, nipples on males, nictitating membrane
of eye, tonsils are also the vestigial organs of humans.

3.
Transpiration is the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give
off water vapor through pores in their leaves.

4.
Opioids are a class of drugs naturally found in the opium poppy plant. Some prescription
opioids are made from the plant directly, and others are made by scientists in labs using
the same chemical structure.

5.
In many plants such as dwarf pea and maize, the genetic dwarfism can be overcome. For
example, the dwarf pea plants have expanded leaves and short internodes. But the
internodes expand and look like tall plants when treated with gibberellin.

6.
Kerria lacca is a species of insect in the family Kerriidae, the lac insects. These are in the
superfamily Coccoidea, the scale insects. This species is perhaps the most commercially
important lac insect, being a main source of lac, a resin which can be refined into shellac
and other products.

7.
AUC is the anticodon for stop; there is no stop tRNA. The other 3 match up to codons for
AA. *Note: it is possible that there is no tRNA with the anticodon UAG, because a tRNA
with the anticodon UAI is all you need to read all 3 ile codons.

8.
The central sulcus runs posterior-medial to anterior-lateral and separates the frontal lobe
from the parietal lobe

. Section B
Q3.

Q4.
Hypertrichosis is an holandric inheritance, inheritance of genes on the Y chromosome.
Because only males normally have Y chromosomes, Y-linked genes can only be
transmitted from father to son. It is unique for males.

Q6.
The formation of protein molecules during the process of origin of life is considered as a
landmark in the origin of life.

Q7.
New and advanced 3-D Photography forensic technology uses image layering, which
helps crime scene investigators analyze more closely about the crime and consequently
share more evidence with the jurors.

Q9.
Adaptive radiation is an evolutionary process that produces new species from a single,
rapidly diversifying lineage. This process occurs due to natural selection. An example of
adaptive radiation is Darwin finches, found in Galapagos Island.

Q10.
Floral adaptations for anemophily: <br> (1) Flowers are small and inconspicuous. <br>
(2) Flowers lack bright colour, nectar and fragrance. <br> (3) Petals are green and small
or highly reduced. <br> (4) In unisexual flowers, the male flowers are more numerous
than female flowers

Q11.
Great efforts are made to limit the release of harmful substances into the environment
through air pollution control, wastewater treatment, solid-waste management,
hazardous-waste management, and recycling.

Q12.
Arteries and veins are both blood vessels, but they have different functions. Arteries
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the rest of the body. Veins do the
opposite — they carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Section c

Q16.
Long day plants: The plants that flower, when the length of the day is longer than the length of
the night, are known as long day plants. E.g: pea. Day-neutral plants: The plants that do not
initiate flowering on the basis of the length of the day (photoperiodism) are known as
day-neutral plants. E.g: cucumber.

Q18.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is also known as alloimmune HDFN or
erythroblastosis fetalis. It is caused by the destruction of neonatal red blood cells by maternal
immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. The formation of maternal antibodies in response to a fetal
antigen is called isoimmunization

Q19.
Single-cell protein (SCP) refers to protein derived from cells of microorganisms such as yeast,
fungi, algae, and bacteria, which are grown on various carbon sources for synthesis

Q20.
Most people who get HIV get it through anal or vaginal sex, or sharing needles, syringes, or
other drug injection equipment (for example, cookers). But there are powerful tools that can help
prevent HIV transmission.

Q21
Q22
Ecosystems provide many of the basic services that make life possible for people. Plants clean
air and filter water, bacteria decompose wastes, bees pollinate flowers, and tree roots hold soil
in place to prevent erosion.

Q24
This increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside. As a result, air
rushes in and fills the lungs. The second phase is called expiration.
1.The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large,
dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time,
involuntarily.
3.The ribs are the bony framework of the thoracic cavity. The ribs form the main structure of the
thoracic cage protecting the thoracic organs, however their main function is to aid respiration.

Q25.
Q26.
It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, such as stomatal closure,
cuticular wax accumulation, leaf senescence, bud dormancy, seed germination, osmotic
regulation, and growth inhibition among many others.

Section D

Q28.
 A. Alternatives — Alternatives to permanent birth control procedures for women include
permanent male birth control (vasectomy); long-acting reversible methods, including
intrauterine devices (IUD) and contraceptive implants (in the skin of the arm); and
short-acting reversible types of contraception
B. Fertilization usually takes place in a fallopian tube that links an ovary to the uterus. If the
fertilized egg successfully travels down the fallopian tube and implants in the uterus, an
embryo starts growing.
C. The main function of ciliated cells in the fallopian tube is to transport the ovum from the
ovary toward the uterus and help to remove genotoxic stress after ovulation

Q29

Q30.
Advance
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