Good afternoon prof benito and classmates we are the group1.

The title of the topic the we are going to discuss is STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

These are the table of contents where you can see list of our topic for today

One is , and so on

Who is Lawrence Kohlberg?

Lawrence Kohlberg was an American psychologist best known for his theory of stages of moral development. He served as a
professor in the Psychology Department at the University of Chicago and at the Graduate School of Education at Harvard
While pursuing his doctoral degree, Kohlberg became interested in Jean
University. But
Piaget’s work on the moral development of children.
Swiss psychologist who was the first to make a systematic study of the acquisition of
understanding in children.

Kohlberg's theory proposes that there are three levels of moral development,

three levels of moral reasoning/ development include preconventional, conventional, and

postconventional. And each level split into two stages. Kohlberg suggested that people move through
these stages in a fixed order, and that moral understanding is linked to cognitive development
that we should go from stage 1 to stage 2 to stage 3 and so forth. We should not skip stages or move
through them in mixed-up orders para yung moral understanding and cognitive development natin ay
malilinked sa isat isa.
not all children necessarily reach the highest stages; they might lack intellectual stimulation. But to the
extent they do go through the stages, they proceed in order.
Moral understanding is a species of knowledge. Understanding why an action is wrong
Cognitive development means how children think, explore and figure things out. It is the development of knowledge,
skills, problem solving and dispositions, which help children to think about and understand the world around them.

Preconventional—moral reasoning is based on external rewards and punishments

Moral reasoning applies critical analysis to specific events to determine what is right or wrong, and what people
ought to do in a particular situation
Conventional—laws and rules are upheld simply because they are laws and rules

Kung saan dapat aware ka sa mga rules and laws na kailangan sundin

Postconventional—reasoning based on personal moral standards

A moral standard refers to the norms which we have about the types of actions which we believe to be morally
acceptable and morally unacceptable. 

 Always tell the truth.

 Do not destroy property.
 Have courage.
 Keep your promises.
 Do not cheat.
  Treat others as you want to be treated.
 Do not judge.
 Be dependable.

And now may I call Harvey to explain more about level 1.

PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL

• Moral reasoning is based on the consequence/result of the act, not on the whether the act itself is good or bad.

• Punishments and rewards dominate the sense of right & wrong

FOCUS: Self

AGES:4 – 10 yrs. old

Behavior motivated by anticipation of pleasure or pain.

CONVENTIONAL LEVEL

• Moral reasoning is based on the conventions or “norms” of society.

• This may include approval of others,

• law and order. FOCUS: Significant Others, "Tyranny of the They" (They say…. AGES:10 – 13 yrs. old Acceptance of the
rules and standards of one's group.

THE POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL

• Moral reasoning is based on enduring or consistent principles. It is not just recognizing the law, but the principles behind the
law.