MPU ISLAMIC STUDIES

3313

NAME-MD IMON HOSEN

LMS-2022.8.BBA03.0013

1 Zakat is an annual alms tax that each Muslim is expected to pay as it is a religious duty and
used for charitable and religious purposes. One of the groups/categories who received zakat
is ar-Riqab. What does Ar-Riqab refer to? Discuss in detail. You may put evidence/dalil from
al-Quran and Hadith.

ANSWER=

What does Ar-Riqab refer to? Discuss in detail

In the medieval era, slavery was commonly practiced. Islam encouraged an end to slavery and granting
humans freedom and self-ownership. Thus, Zakat was permitted to be used to free Muslims in slavery,
captivity or bondage. Classical scholars enumerate the following types of people under this category:

Slaves whose freedom was conditional on a payment.

The slaves were required to buy themselves out of slavery by paying their master an agreed amount. Zakat
was used to assist such Muslim slaves to pay off the debt owed to the master .

Normal slaves
Some scholars permitted the purchasing of normal slaves outright from Zakat funds.
A Muslim prisoner
The Hanbali school have expressly permitted the paying of Zakat to help free Muslim inmates and captives .

Contemporary scholars have debated contemporary applications of this category of Zakat. The idea is that
this category revolves around physical constraints which prevent freedom for individuals. Modern slavery
and human trafficking are two contemporary examples of this category.

1. Explain in details below with example:-

i. the daruriyyat (essentials)
Daruriyyah (essentials) These are the objectives which are must and basic for the establishment
of welfare in this world and the world hereafter in the sense that if they are ignored then the
coherence and order cannot be established and fasad (chaos and disorder) will prevail in this
world and there will be obvious loss in the world hereafter.

Daruriyyah relates to five things: Protection of Faith (Din) Protection of Life (Nafs) Protection of
Posterity (Nasl) Protection of Property (Mal) Protection of Reason ('Aql)

ii. the hajiyyat (needs)
Hajiyyat (Requirement)
All such provisions of Shari'ah which aim at facilitating life,
removing hardship, etcetera, are said to fulfill the hajiyyah
(requirements).
For example, permission of hunting and use of halal goods
for food, lodging, and conveyance,
Besides, the permission for qirad (profit sharing through
borrowing), musaqat (profit sharing), bai salam (forward
buying of a commodity which does not yet exist),are the
examples of Shari'ah provisions that aim at facilitating life or
removing hardships in the life in this world.
 iii. the tahsiniyyat (embellishment).
Tahsiniyyat (embellishment) Shari'ah beautifies life and puts comforts into it. There are several
provisions of Shari'ah which are meant to ensure better utilization, beautification and
simplification of daruriyyah and hajiyyah. Eg. , permission to use beautiful, comfortable things; to
eat delicious food; to have cold drinks and so on

2. How do we apply Maqasid al-Shariah in today’s context?