3 Historical Antecedents

St.
Vincent College of Cabuyao
Historical Antecedents of
Science and Technology
Truth. Knowledge. Service

St. Vincent College of Cabuyao
Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology
Learning Outcomes
1. Explain historical context on the beginnings of S&T
through the ages.
2. Identify inventions and discoveries that changed the
world
3. Discuss the scientific and technological developments
in the Philippines

Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology
Introduction
• One of the key interests of STS as academic field is the
history of science and Technology.
• As a strand of STS, the history of S&T focuses on how it
changed across time.
• It also explores the impacts of scientific and technological
innovations on the prevailing social, cultural, political, and
economic contexts throughout history.

1. Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic)

2. Bronze Age
3. Iron Age

Ancient Times
▪ In ancient times, people were concerned with
✓ transportation and navigation
✓ communication and record keeping
✓ mass production
✓ security and protection
✓ health, aesthetics and architecture

Ancient Times
Ancient people
travelled to……
• search for
food

Ancient Times
Ancient people travelled
to……
• find better location
for settlements

Ancient Times
Ancient people travelled
to……
• trade surplus
goods

Ancient Times
Navigation assisted
ancient people with
their…
▪ journeys to unfamiliar
and strange areas in
the world

Ancient Times
Navigation allowed ancient
people……
• to return home after the
discovery of new places or
completed an important
trade with another group
of people.
Ancient Times
Communication
Cavemen gathered around fire to

discuss day to day activities

Ancient Times
Communication
Smoke Signals
Ancient Times
Communication and Record Keeping
Pony Express
Pigeons

Ancient Times
Record Keeping
Cavemen started inscribing in a caves

Ancient Times
Record-keeping was vital…….
▪ to remember the places they
have been to and to document
the trades they made with each
other.
▪ to establish identities that
could relate with other cultures
and civilizations


Ancient Times
Mass Production
▪ The increase in size
and in number of
nations connoted
increase demand for
food and other basic
necessities.
Ancient Times
Mass Production
▪ Ancient people must produce
food at a given time and
space since resources were
getting scarcer as more people
struggled to share basic
necessities.

Ancient Times
Mass Production
▪ There is a need to a form
of technology that would
enable ancient people to
increase food supplies and
other survival needs
without traveling more or
working harder.

Ancient Times
Security and Protection
▪ Weapons and armors were important in the
discovery of new places and in the
establishment of new alliances with other
tribes.
▪ At that time , there was always a risk of
conflict when people met others with
different cultures and orientations

Ancient Times
Health
▪ Different illnesses and diseases,
both natural and man-made ,
hampered the full potential of
ancient people.
▪ Ancient people began to
discover cures for different
illnesses
Ancient Times
Engineering
▪ Allowed ancient people to build
structures that would address
their specific needs and wants
▪ structures for protection from
human attacks and natural
disasters
Ancient Times
▪ Out of necessity, people in
ancient times were able to
discover and invent things
that would impact the lives
of the modern people.
Ancient Times
Different Major Technological
Advancements During the Ancient Times
Sumerians Greeks
Babylonians Romans
Egyptians Chinese
Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

• Sumeria is located on the
southernmost tip of ancient
Mesopotamia ( Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine)
• Sumerians are known for high

degree of cooperation with one
another and desire for great
things
• Sumerians develop many things
connected to S & T

1. Cuneiform
- first writing system develop by
Sumerians.
- it is the system that utilizes word
pictures and triangular symbols which
are carved on clay using wedge
instruments and then left to dry.



2. Uruk City
- first city in the world
- build by Sumerians using
only mud or clay from
the river, mixed with
reeds, producing sun-
baked bricks

south of Baghdad, the

present capital of Iraq




3. Great Ziggurat of Ur
- ziggurat, also called the
mountain of god, was
built by Sumerians in the
same manner as City of
Uruk
- served as sacred place of
their chief god


4. Irrigation and Dikes
- Sumerians created dikes
and irrigation canals to bring
water to farmlands and at
the same time control the
flooding of rivers
- considered as one of the
world’s most beneficial
engineering works



5. Sailboats
- invented by Sumerians to
address their increasing
demands for transportation
and trading.
- used to discover faraway
lands to settle and carry
large quantities of products.


6. Wheel
- invented by Sumerians for
farm work and food processes
- made mass production of mill
grains in Mesopotamia easier
with less effort in less time



7. The Plow
- invented by Sumerians to dig
the soil in a faster pace.
- as the plow breaks the soil, the
farmer would just drop the
seeds and farm work would
already be done



8. Road
- developed by Sumerians in
order to facilitate faster and
easier travel
- made with sun-baked bricks
that laid down on the ground
- poured with bitumen (asphalt)
to smoothen the roads

Ancient Times : Babylonian Civilization

• Babylonian civilization
emerged near the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers.
• Babylonians were great
builders, engineers and
architect.

Ancient Times : Babylonian Civilization

1. Hanging Gardens of
Babylon
- one of the seven wonders
of the ancient world.
- made up of layers upon
layers of gardens that
contain several species of
plants, trees, and vines
Ancient Times : Egyptian Civilization

• Many stories tell about
engineering technology feats of
the Egyptians especially
regarding the infrastructures
established by pharaohs.
• Egyptians have contributed
other practical things that the
world now considers as essential

1. Paper or Papyrus
- papyrus was a plant that grew
abundantly along the Nile
River in Egypt
- process by Egyptians to produce
thin sheets on which they could
write down things



2. Ink
- invented by Egyptians through
combining soot with different
chemicals to produce inks of
different color.


3. Hieroglyphics
- Egyptian system of writing
that uses symbols
- believed that this system of
writing was provided to the
Egyptians by their gods.



4. Cosmetics
- The Egyptians also invented
the use of cosmetics for both
health and aesthetic reasons
- Egyptians wore KOHL around
the eyes to prevent and even
cure eye diseases
Kohl – soot (malachite) + galena (mineral)


5. Wigs
- Another cosmetic invention
of ancient Egyptians
- wigs were worn for health and
wellness rather than for
aesthetic purposes


6. Clepsydra
- water clock
- utilizes gravity that affects the
flow of water from one vessel
to the other

• the amount of water remaining in the device determines how

much time has elapsed since its full.
Ancient Times : Greek Civilization

• Greece, archipelago in the
southeastern Europe, known as
the birthplace of western
philosophy.


1. Alarm Clock
• invented by Greeks
that made use of
water, small stones
and sand, that
dropped into drums
which sounded the
alarm.



2. Water Mill
• One of the most important
contributions of Greek civilization
to the world.
• Commonly used in agricultural
processes like milling of grains as a
form of food processing.
• Resulted to mass production of
rice , cereals and flours.

Ancient Times : Roman Civilization

• Roman Empire was perceived to be
the strongest political and social entity
in the west
• Roman Empire was considered to be
the cradle of politics and governance
during Ancient times.
• A lot of discoveries and inventions can
be attributed to the Roman Empire


1. Newspaper
• One of the major
contributions of the Romans
• Known as gazettes, that
contained announcements
of the Roman Empire to the
people



2. Bound Books or Codex
• Contain papyrus pages
bound together and
covered by animal skin


3. Roman Architecture
• One of the most visual contributions of the Ancient Roman
Empire in the world.
• Adapt new building and engineering technology on architectural
designs







Ancient Times : Chinese Civilization

• Chinese civilization is
considered to be the oldest
civilization in ASIA.
• China is located on the far east
of Asia and known as middle
kingdom.


1. Silk
• One of the things that
connected Far East China to
the world.
• Process by the technology
developed by the Chinese that
harvest silk from silkworms to
produce paper and clothing




2. Tea Production
• Tea is a beverage produced
by pouring hot or boiling
water over crushed or
shredded dried tea leaves
• It was believed that the first
tea was drunk by a Chinese
Emperor



3. Great Wall
• China’s largest and most
extensive infrastructure that
could be seen in the outer
space
• It was constructed to keep out
foreign invaders and control
the borders of China



4. Gunpowder
• One of the most interesting
inventions in China.
• Developed by Chinese alchemists by
mixing charcoal, sulfur and
potassium nitrate
• Black powder that generate large
amount of heat and gas in an instant


Written Output No. 3
Choose two of the discovery or invention made during the

ancient times and explain its impact in your daily life (not
less than 250 words)

3 Historical Antecedents

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3 Historical Antecedents

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

St.

Vincent College of Cabuyao

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

1. Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic)

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Cavemen gathered around fire to

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Cavemen started inscribing in a caves

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

• Sumerians are known for high

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

south of Baghdad, the

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Ancient Times : Sumerian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Babylonian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Babylonian Civilization

Ancient Times : Egyptian Civilization

Ancient Times : Egyptian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service

Ancient Times : Egyptian Civilization

Truth. Knowledge. Service