HANDOUT #2

 Jurisdictional aspects of an offence

 ratione materiæ - jurisdiction based on subject matter of offence
 ss. 4-5 CrPC
 IPC offences - courts constituted under CrPC
 Non-IPC offences - courts constituted under special/local laws
 ratione temporis - jurisdiction based on time of offence
 Substantial criminal law not ex post facto
 Art. 20(1) CoI
 ratione personæ - jurisdiction based on person’s nationality
 s. 4(1) IPC
 Active personality jurisdiction/Roman jurisdiction - jurisdiction based
on the nationality of the accused
 Passive personality jurisdiction - jurisdiction based on nationality of
victim/complainant
 Fatma Bibi Ahmed Patel v. State of Gujarat (SC) (2008)
 ratione loci - jurisdiction based on location of offence
 s. 2 IPC r/w Chapter XIII CrPC
 Offences within India - application of IPC (s. 1 IPC) and other Indian
special/local laws
 < 2019 - Ranbir Penal Code applicable to J & K
 > 2019 - IPC applicable to J & K
 Definition of India - s. 18 IPC, s. 3(28) General Clauses Act, Art. 1(3)
CoI
 Mobarak Ali Ahmed v. State of Bombay (SC) (1957) - s. 179 CrPC
 Lee Kun Hee v. State of UP (SC) (2012) - s. 182(1) CrPC
 India includes not only landed territory but also portions of water and
air adjacent to the landed territory
 Art. 297 CoI & Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive
Economic Zone and other Maritime Zones Act, 1976 (TW Act)
 Territorial Waters - upto 12 nautical miles (nm) - s. 3 TW Act
 Continental Shelf - upto 24 nm - s. 5(4) TW Act
 Exclusive Economic Zone - upto 200 nm - s. 7(4) TW Act
 27/8/1981 Gazette MHA Notification - IPC and CrPC extended to EEZ
(u/s. 7(7) of 1976 Act) - Insertion of s. 188A CrPC through notification
and not parliamentary amendment - Central Government exercising
such power u/s. 7(7) TW Act
 Republic of Italy v. Union of India (SC) (2013) )
 Floating island theory - jurisdiction of courts in offences occurring in
ships based on flag of State under which ship is registered (extended to
airplanes also) - s. 4(2) IPC