Example 1. Three angles of a quadrilateral are Example 5. In the given figure, ABCD is a respectively equal to 110°, 60° and 80°. Find its parallelogram. E and F are points on opposite fourth angle. AD and BG, respectively, such that ED = AD ay Sol. Let fourth angle be r. 1 2 110" + 60" + 80° + = 360° BI =~ BC. If ZADF = 60°, then find ZBED, ‘be angle sum property of quadrilateral], 3 a . 4 > = 900° —250 = 10° (See Example 2. If angles of a quadrilateral are x,x+3,x+8 fe] and x +9, then find the value of x, Also, find all the oo if angles. Sol. Here, r4x4348+8+x+9= 360° ee 4 ADI BC fe sum of angles of quadeitatral = 3607] a AD|| BE = 44202380 = re TE as aod DF is runsvera ZADE + ZBED = 180° Anis of quadrilateral are 85°, 88°, 99° and 94° transversal intersects two parallel lines, Example 3. If angles A, B,C andD of the quadrilateral ¥ pyri ‘ABCD, taken in order are in the ratio 3 :7:6 4, ao a then show that ABCD is a trapezium. o Sol. Let 3x, 7, Gr and x be the angles A, B,C and Dof Example 6: a'the eet heats quadrilateral ABCD. and FDCE are parallelograms. If Bet Te+ Gr + dx = 360° determine CD. {angle sum property of quadrilateral] = sole a (2A =54°, 2B = 126, ZC = 108° and 2D = 72° © a sits hero At nate pine dee ach ZA+ 2B =180" [consecutive interiorangles] gop, . apyEe | MEA oat anes ceepoRS is a parallelogram. . ro=sa Example 10. Given, a trapezium ABCD, in which ; renee ‘ AB||CD and AD = BC. If 2D =70°, then find the con amills i measure of ZC. : noc tay 2 Gtema peru ABCD. hich AB CD an A = Be ow: In ASOR and AQOT, oe "4 -2OTO [- alternate interior angles} Or [from Eq. (i)} <0QT [ alternate interior angles} yor y. é ¢ then 0Q=OR {by CPCT) srample 8. In a quadrilateral ABCD, 2B =130°, © {C= 60° and angle bisectors of ZA and ZD meet at P Find ZAPD. - Also, and a Now, ‘$0. Since, sum of all angles of quadrilateral = 360° Lit £B+ £04 LD=360" pao aE 2 east zast cost eve} xs60 5 a anon Now, we produce side AB to E and join EC such AD = EC and then AEC = 110° + ZBCD =180° = 2B Example 11. In AABC, D, E and F are the mid-points of is « parallelogram. D= ZE= 10 re equal] le sinee, opposite angles of a parallelogram ar AD = BC (given AD=EC [by construction) = LE = LCBE=70° [angles opposite to equal sides are equal] -— LOBE = 180°-10° = 110° [linear pair axioms} BC ZABC = Also, we have, ZABC + ZBCD = 150" [er interior angles on the same side of transversal BC] [dividing both sides by 2] = 4PAD+65°+30°+ZPDA = 180° the sides AB, BC and AC, respectively. Then, prove fy 2B =130°, ZC = 60° and angle bisectors that quadrilateral DECF is a parallelogram. of ZA and DF =EC (CABC = 22DBC = 2x {F- since, diagonals bisect the angles in rhombus] From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have Now. DAB + ZABC =180° [osnterior angles] DF|EC and DF=EC z s Since, a pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral DECF are ny bliss 6 oa equal and parallel. > 235” [divide both sides by 2} Hence, DECF is a parallelogram. Hence proved. i: seExample 12. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is « parallelogram in which Pis the mid-point of DC and 1 isa point on AC, such that CQ = | AC. Also, PQ when produced meets BC at R. Prove that R is the mid-point of BC. ze / h Sol. In a parallelogram ABCD, AO =OC iagonals of a parallelogram bisect cach other] AC = A0+ 0C = AC=20€ Lace! 1 co=! ac=1x(200)=4 4 4 rd ‘Thus, Qis the mid-point of OC. Now, in SCDO, Pand Qare the mid-points of CD and CO, <:PQl| DO and, therefore OR] OB f+ PQl| DO = POR || DOB] Nov, in ACOB, Qs the mid-point of O and OR || 08. [by converse of mid-point) als the mid-point of BC: Hence proved. ‘ADis the median and DE|| AB, Example 14. In the following figure, AD is a ‘AABC and Eis the mid-point of AD. Also, BE produced meets AC at F. Prove that AF =! 4g 3 . : e * c Sol, Given, fn AABC, ADs « median and is mid-point of To prove ar=tac f Construction Draw DP|| BF 4 Proof In AADP, Eis the mid-point of ADand EF|j JF isthe mid-point of AP. by converse of In AFBC, Dis the mid-point of BC and DP] BF. = Pis the mid-point of FC. [by converse of mid-point ‘Thos, AF = FP =PC