1568492587249051

CONTENTS
AHrnrfrcbKAMoBA (CEpTr4OrKArIrrzHApoEoTA) . . . . . . . . . . .4
TECT 1
TECT 2 I2
TECT 3 20
TECT 4
TECT 5
TECT 6. 43
TECT 7 .51
TECT 8 59
TECT 9 67
TECT 10. 74
TEST KEYS
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HOIO saxonoro BcTynHofo eK3aMeHy sa cneqiannnicrro <<flpaeo>>.

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ni-
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rIpaBLInbHo
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si.qi He HaAaHo.
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BKa3aHo npaBr,rnbHy ni4noni4r; 0 6anie, rKrrro BKa3aHo HeIIpaBI4nbHy ei4noni4r,
a6o BKa3aHo 6inr[re
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Malccurraangra xilrr<icrb recroBr4x 6anin, rKy MoxHa na6paru, npaBl4nbHo BI4KOHaBIITI4 sci sa-
BAaHHs recry - 42 reqosux6aru.
TECT 1
6
9acruna <<rlurannq>)
Reading
Task 1
Read the text below. Match choices (A-II) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need
to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Corporal Punishment in Modern Schools of the USA

1.
School corporal punishment, which typically involves striking a child with a wooden board or paddle, is
currently legal in public schools in 19 U.S. states. More than 160,000 children from36,942 public schools in
all4,460 districts in these states were disciplined using corporal punishment in the United States in this school
year, according to data released by the U.S. Deparlment of Education.
2.
Schoolchildren were punished with corporal punishment for a range of behaviouts, varying from serious
incidents like setting offfireworks in school, to minor behaviours like use of cell phones and not completing
homework. In states where corporal punishment is legal, it can be used on children of all ages. Punished
children had to seek medical attention such as treatment for bruises, hematomas, broken bones, and nerve and
muscle damage.
3.
The Supreme Court ruled 1977 that school corporal punishment was constitutional. At that time, only
in
two states had banned corporal punishment in public schools. In20I6 a total of 31 states have banned it from
public schools. Juvenile crime has not increased in states that have removed corporal punishment from schools.
4.
Hitting an animal to the point of injury is a felony in most U.S. states, hitting a child to the point of
injury as punishment in a public school is exempt from child maltreatment laws in most states where corporal
punishment in schools is legal. This means that, in some states, a behaviour that would be considered abuse
when inflicted by a parent on a child cannot be prosecuted if inflicted by a school employee.
There are widespread disparities in the administration of corporal punishment by race, gender, and disability
status. For example, inAlabama and Mississippi, Black children are at least 510lo more likely to be corporally
punished than White children in over half of school districts, In eight states, boys are five times more likely to
receive corporal punishment than girls in at least 20%o of school districts. Children with disabilities are over
500% more likely to be corporally punished than their nondisabled peers in many southeastem states. A2009
Human Rights Watch publication found that school administrators sometimes use corporal punishment on
children for behaviours that stem directly from their disability, including those common to autism and Tourette
syndrome.
(Aclaptedfrom: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161005090700.htm)
A Contradictions in the US Legislation

B The Disproportionate Use of Corporal Punishment
C Alternatives to Punishments Intended to Cause Physical Pain
D Governmental Data on the Ongoing Use of Physical Punishment in the USA
E Students'Academic Performance and Corporal Punishment
F Judicial Attitude to Physical Punishment
G Proper Application of Corporal Punishment
H Corporal Punishment and Its Effect on Child Wellbeing
Task 2
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write
your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Twitter as a Powerful Tool in Forecasting Crime
"My initial hypothesis was that there would be no correlation between Twitter use and crime. After
all, people don't share with the world that they intend to or have just committed a crime," said University of
Virginia Professor of Systems and Engineering Information Matthew Gerber. "What they do share are things
like social events or outings that could lead to criminal activity." Gerber chose Twitter over other social media
platforms for its openness and the fact that anyone can access GPS-tagged tweets generated in a given area.
His statistical method involved collecting more than 1,5 million public tweets tagged with Chicago-area
GPS coordinates spaming January to March of 2013, as well as crime records covering the same period and
geographic area. After dividing and mapping out tweets and crime records onto a grid and identifzing common
topics of discussion (e.g., sports, restaurants, and entertainment) appearing in tweets, Gerber combined
conclusions from this analysis with older forecasting models to predict crimes over the next month. The result
of his combined method was more precise, accurately predicting 19 out of 25 crime Epes.
"Some cities that utilize such methods as a basis for resource allocation have seen dramatic decreases in
crime," said Gerber. As for the causal connection between tweets and crimes, Gerber admits his method cannot
answer that. Even so, it is gaining attention from police departments all over the United States, including
Chicago and New York City. His work could fuither assist departments in resource allocation, deciding where
and when to deploy officers.
Gerber co-directs UVA's Predictive Technology Laboratory, which uses data to create predictive models
with the goal of promoting better decision making. In addition to applying models to the field of policing, the
lab is also conducting research in other imporlant fields like health care and the military.
(Adaptedfrom: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/17080110190Lhtm)
6. What was the first reaction of Professor Matthew Gerber to the idea of using Twitter for
forecasting crime?
A He believed that Twitter due to its openness was an effective tool.
B He recognized its potential because anyone could access this social media.
C He could not expect that there was relationship between tweets and crime prediction.
D He agreed that social events or outings could not lead to criminal activity.
7. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true?

A Older forecasting models were of no use for the new research.
B On reading tweets Professor Gerber could accurately predict the geographic area of future crimes,
C Identiffing only criminal topics of discussion in tweets Professor Gerber forecast crimes.
D In his studies the researcher dealt both with criminal records and tweets.
8. What were the consequences of applying new prediction methods?
A Crime rate declined significantly.
B It proved that there was no causal connection between tweets and crime.
C Police departments showed lack of interest in these methods.
D New research was used to test police offices.
9. What does the word 'it'in bold (paragraph 3) refer to?

A casual connection
B Professor Matthew Gerber's method
C resource allocation
D tweets and crime
8
10. what is Predictive Technology Laboratory specialization?

A It promotes better decision making'
B It focuses only on creating predictive models'
Cltischaraclenzedbymultifacetednatureofitsactivity.
Dltdealsexclusivelywithapplyingmodelstothefieldofpolicing.
are two choices you do not need

Read the texts berow. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There
to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet'
help you to understand these complex legal issues by teaching

you basic norms
ill
,International Humanitarian Law' ('IHL'). This course provides
o
b
zlso known as
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-
€rctical knowledge for students, researchers and academics
who wish to specialize
e
NGOs, involved in armed conflict
in this field. It is also dedicated to professionals, including members of
situations, or members of armed forces'
principles found in business law'
12. Fundamentals of Business Law. This course reviews important
course also covers topics
It explains principles of business law in a clear and easy to understand way' The
status, taxation, and liability related to these
such as legal requirements, legal recommendations, financial
prin
like
a contract and reviews a scenario about how a contract

agreement. Resolving broken contracts in the form of damages
is also discussed'
do not fulfil their part of the
clearly understand the implications of having
It will also be of interest to the average lay p.r.orr."ho wishes to
a written contract should they wish to enter into a legal
agreement with another parfy'
L4. rntroduction to copyright Law in America. This free
online course is an introduction to copyright
under federal law, the basics
the music and broadcasting
and Peer-to-Peer file sharing
free software' The course is
services. It also reviews software licensing, and the
designed for professionals and law students'
the free legal studies course examines the
15. The Adversary Trial system. This second installment of
procedures in the context of real-world
court and trial system in detail and explores various civil and criminal
case studies. This course is a useful information to law students
who wish to learn and understand the role law
plays in modem society and the intricacies of the j
arner with a basrc
16. Laws and the Judiciat System' This
the role it plays in
introduction to the world of legal studies. The lesso
time' The course is
society, the differences between civil and criminal law 4 .,1 ,1 r i ,--
with the fundamentals of legal systems'
an ideal study-aid for law students who wish to acquaint themselves
(Adapted from: https //alis on. com/cours es ? q:law &sorting:relevance)
:
According to the advertisements which law course

elementary concepts of law and legal
is connected with the law of only one country
interdisciplinary knowledg" u44 tL419
for non-professionals
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uilo*. rtrd"nts to gain expeftise in ge@
matters
is about the law governing the dealings between persons in commercial
is a part of a free l.gul ttodigljg*t'
I
Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22).There are
two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Northern Irish Police Raid Women's Homes in Crackdown on Abortion Pills
As aborlion is a criminal offence in Northern Ireland, where women face (17) . Police in
Belfast have carried out a number of raids for abortion pills.
It is estimatedthat more than athousand women each yeartravel to Great Britain forterminations. However,
Northern irish women (18) on the National Health Service, despite (19) and
they instead must pay for private procedures. Activists say this means low-income women are increasingly
unable to travel and are instead buying abortion pills online and taking them at home in Northern Ireland.
A number of prosecutions have recently been taken against women in Northem Ireland. Last April.
a 27 -y ear-old woman (20) after she experienced an unplanned pregnancy when she was 19.
She told the courl she tried to raise money in time to travel to England for an abortion but could not afford to
do so and instead ordered pills online and performed an abortion on herself at home. Another Northem Irish
woman is currently awaiting trial, (21) her l5-year-old daughter to access abortion pills.
InNovember2016,BelfastHighCourtfoundthatNorthernlreland's abortion I awsare(22\
(Adapted from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/northern-ireland-abortion-

pil l-r aids-polic e-w omen-homes -w orkplaces - aZ 6 2 7 2 I I . html)
A are not entitled to free aborlions

B a breach of international human rights legislation
C life in prison for having the procedure
D being strictly against anti-abortion legislation
E was found guilty of committing an abortion
F being UK taxpayers
G beneficial health effects for both mothers and infants
H charged with helping
rlacrrana (Br.rKopucraHHfl MoBr,r>

Use of English
Task 5
Criminals to Confess Online
The government is to press ahead with plans to enable petty criminals to (23) guilty online
and receive a sentence through a computer.
A reporl from the Ministry of Justice has called for the system to be tested with non-prisonable
(24) , such as tram fare evasion, railway fare evasion and possession of an unlicensed road
and line. "IJnder this proposal, (25) who opt in to the online procedure and confess will be
offered the option to (26) a pre-determined penalty (including the payment of any appropriate
10
(Z1,) and costs), be convicted and pay the amount immediately," it reads. Criminals won't
actually be convicted by a computer algorithm.
As the report explains, "This procedure will (28) only applyto caseswhich already generally
require minimum involvement from judges and would otherwise be decided by a (n) (29)
magistrate on the papers without the need for a court hearing through the Single Justice Procedure (SJP).
The Ministry of Justice says defendants will need to enter personal data - such as their date of birth,
prosecution Unique Reference Number and National Insurance Number - to (30) their identity,
and says the system will be "designed to the highest standards of digital (31) ".
It's also stressed that the online system is entirely (32) , with defendants who opt out able
to have their case dealt with via the SJP or heard in court instead.
(Adapted from: http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-andiech/

new s /plead-guilty-online-criminals -digital-court-a7 5 7 I 4 I I . html)
23 A try B plead C charge D accuse
24 A punishments B felonies C penalties D offences
25 A defence lawyers B plaintiffs C defendants D witnesses
26 A accept B adopt C agree D deny
)1 A damage B compensation C reward D tribute
28 A therein B thereinafter C thereinbefore D therefore
29 A single B lonely C alone D only
30 A confirm B enforce C restrict D rmpose
31 A securement B safety C security D safeness
32 A obligatory B voluntary c binding D compulsory
Task 6
Should Mind Reading Technology Be Used in Court?
A man (33) with stealing a very distinctive blue diamond. The man claims never to have
seen the diamond before. An expert is called to testiff whether the brain responses exhibited by this man
indicate he has seen the diamond before. The question is - should this information (34) in
court?
Courts are reluctant to admit evidence where there is considerable debate over the interpretation of
scientific findings. But a recent study from researchers in the US has noted (35) the accuracy of
(36) "mind reading" technology is improving.
There are various methods of detecting false statements or (37) knowledge, which
vary greatly. For example, traditional "lie detection" relies (38) measuring physiological
reactions such as heart rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation and skin sweat response to direct questions, such as
"(39) you kill your wife?" Alternatively, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMzu)
approach uses brain scans to identiff a brain signature for lying.
However, the technology considered (40) the US researchers, known as "btain
fingerprinting", "guilty knowledge tests" or "concealed information tests", (41) from standard
-
11
lie detection because it claims to reveal the fingerprint of knowledge
stored in the brain. For example, in the
case of the hypothetical blue diamond knowledge of
what type ofdiamond was stolen, where it was stolen,
and what type of tools were used (42)
the theft.
(Adapted from: http : //www. independent. co. uk/news /s cience/

.
I I I m in d-re ading-t e c hno I o gy -u s e d- in- c ourt- I i e- d et e c t o r- b r ain-
fingerpr inting-memory - detection- a7 g 7 5 4 I 6. html )
33 A charged B has charged c is charged D had been charged

34 A. useful B be used C use D had been used
35 A which B those c that D this
3'6 A SO B I'such c soa D these
37 A concealing B conceal c have concealed D concealed
38 A on B by c from D of
39 A had B does c have D did
40 A upon B from c by D of
4l A differ B differing c have differed D differs
42 A eflect B to effect c having effected D effectively
TECT 2
rfacruna t6rlurauHqt'
Reading
Task 1
Read the text below. Match choices (A-tt) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need
High Court Rejects Assisted Suicide Law Change
1.
The High Court today completely rejected an attempt to change the law on assisted suicide. The case was
that of Noel Conway, who is 67 andhas motor neurone disease. Mr Conway wanted a doctor to be allowed to
prescribe a lethal dose when his health deteriorates further. Mr Conway's case is substantially the same as that
of Tony Nicklinson and Paul Lamb in 2014, except that his condition is terminal.
)
The senior and highly experienced judges concluded thatArticle 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998 (Right to
respect for private life) is not an unlimited right, but a qualified right. This right does not extend to compelling
the state, and doctors, to provide a letha1 cocktail of barbiturates for Mr Conway and other terminally ill people
to kill
themselves. In a free democratic society, health, morals and the rights and freedoms of others must be
protected, and granting conway his wish would have undermined this.
3.
A
change in the law on assisted suicide is opposed by every major disability rights organisation and
medical association. This is because of the increased pressure that would be placed on elderly and disabled
people if assisted suicide was legalised. These groups have concluded that there is no safe system of assisted
suicide anywhere in the world.
4.
Andrea Williams, Chief Executive of Christian Concern said: "Assisted suicide is wrong in principle.
A civilised society does not legislate for the killing of its citizens, especially its most r..ulnerable. It uses the iaw
to uphold their dignity and to offer the highest protection.',
"As the courts have made clear in the past, the law on assisted suicide is an issue for Parliament, not the
courts. There have been over ten attempts to legalise assisted suicide through British Parliaments since 2003,
all of which have failed for good reasons. Just two years ago, the House of Commons looked very carefully
at the issue, considered all the arguments, and then voted by an overwhelming majority against the proposed
liberalisation of the law."
(Adapted fro m: http : //www. christianconcern. com/our- concerns /

end - ofJ ife / h i gh- c o ur t -r ej e ct s - a s s i s t e d- s u i c i d e - I aw - c h an g e)
A Mr Conway's claim conflicts with the principle of human rights and freedoms protection.
B Legislation is not a source of legal killing.
C The case in question is not a single one.
D Assisted suicide supporters have got complete support of the society.
E Assisted suicide proponents are going to argue for their position in courts.
F Courts are ready to consider the issue.
G Medical and disability rights protecting organisations argue against the change in law.
H The legislative body of the country has rejected the law on assisted suicide.
t4
Task 2
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B' C or D).
Catalan Crisis: Spanish Court Bars MPs'Independence Move
Spain's Constitutional Court has suspended next Monday's session of the Catalan parliament, in a bid to
pre-empt a possible push for independence. The court said such a move would be "a breach of the constitution."
Earlier Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy warned Catalonia's regional government against declaring
independence after a disputed vote last Sunday. Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont had indicated that he could
make such a declaration at next week's session.
The court's ruling on Thursday upheld a challenge not from the govemment in Madrid, but by the
Socialists' Party of Catalonia, which opposes secession from Spain. Allowing the regional parliament to meet
and declare independence, the court said, would violate the rights of the party's MPs.
An earlier ruling by the court aimed at stopping Sunday's vote was ignored by Catalonia's leaders. That
challenge to the court had come from Spain's govemment, which condemned the referendum as illegal.
The socialists won almost I3o/o of the vote in the 2015 election, and have 13 MPs in the 13S-seat regional
parliament,
Organisers of Sunday's vote put the turnout at 42Yo, with 2.2 million people taking part. They say 90"/o
voted for independence, however they have not published final results. There have been several claims of
irregularities.
There was violence at polling stations as police, trying to enforce a Spanish court decision to ban the vote.
attempted to seize ballot boxes and disperse voters.
(Adapted from: http: //www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-4 I 5 I 43981
6. According to paragraph 1
A the Constitutional Court has forbidden next Monday's session of the parliament
B the Constitutional Court has delayed next Monday's session of the parliament
C the Catalanparliament's move is supporting the constitution
D Cataloniahas declared independence
7. In the second paragraph it is said that

A Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy has accepted the results of Catalan voting
B the declaration of independence has aheady been made
C Carles Puigdemont was going to proclaim independence
D Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy has already informed about his attitude to possible declaration
8. The court's ruling is a response to the claim of

A
the state government
B Catalan regional parliament
C the government in Madrid
D the Socialists'Party of Catalonia
9. In paragraph 4 it is mentioned that

A the socialists constitute the majority in the regional parliament
B Spain's government expresses partial support of the referendum
C the court ruling is rejected by people
D Spanish authorities declared the results unlawful
15
10. What is TRUE about Catalan's voting?

A The results have not been announced yet
B Some ballot boxes have been seized from polling stations
C Police completely support declaration of independence
D The voting procedure is considered quite regular
Task 3
Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are three choices you do not need
Las Vegas Shooting: Paddock May Have Planned to Escape
11.
Stephen Paddock was "living a secret life, much of which would never be fully understood", SheriffJoe
Lombardo told reporters.
The gunman's girlfriend said she had no idea what he was plotting.
Paddock's motive for killing 58 people in the largest mass shooting ih modern US history remains
a mystery.
12.
Police found the 64-year-old former accountant dead in a room on the 32nd floor of a hotel after he
sprayed bullets on concert-goers below, injuring hundreds.
He apparently turned one of his many guns on himself as police closed in.
13.
In a press conference on Wednesday, Clark County Sheriff Lombardo was asked if he saw evidence that
Paddock had planned to escape after the attack.
The sheriff said "yes". Asked what it was, he said: "I can't tell you. ,
The sheriff said more than 100 investigators had been combing through "disturbed and dangerous"
Paddock's life.
Some 33 of the 47 weapons the suspect owned were bought in the past year.
14.
SheriffLombardo was asked by a reporter if he thought Paddock had carried out the attack alone.
"You've got to make the assumption he had to have some help at some point," the sheriffreplied.
"Maybe he's a super guy, maybe he was working out all this on his own, but it would be hard for me to
believe that."
The possibility that Paddock could have had an accomplice is a twist in the investigation.
In the aftermath of the shooting offlcials described him as "a lone wolf ' and said he was "solely responsible
for this heinous act".
15.
Some 33 of the 4'7 weapons the suspect owned were bought in the past year. The FBI's Aaron Rouse said
no link to terrorism had been found so far, but they would not discard the possibility.
16.
Police are investigating whether the mass murderer originally planned to targeted other music festivals.
16
Chicago police saidtheywere looking into reports thatPaddockbooked ahotelroom inAugust overlooking
the Lollapalooza music festival in the Illinois city.
It has also emerged that a week before his massacre, Paddock booked into a central Las Vegas apartment
It was in a high-rise tower overlooking another open-air concert, Life is Beautiful, where acts incl
Muse, Lorde and Chance the Rapper.
(Adapted from: http: //www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-4 I 5 I I 666 t
the Open Question of a Possible Assistant

the Gunman's Terroristic Arming
the Mysterious Gunman
the Circumstances of the Murderer's Death
the Gunman's Reasons for the Attack
the Murderer's Potential Plans
the Society Reaction to the Attack
investigation in Progress
Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22). There are
MSPs Vote in Support of Ban on Wild Animals in Circuses in Scotland
MSPs at Holyrood have unanimously backed the general principles of the Wild Animals in
Circuses (Scotland) Bill.
The legislation would make Scotland the first part of the UK (17)
Mark Ruskelt MSP admits: "Unfortunately, this new Bill, as drafted, does not yet provide clarity on
is a circus and what is a wild animal. Given that there has been more than a decade since the wild animals i
circuses issue was raised by my original amendment, I am perplexed as to why the Scottish Government
not followed the route of the Welsh Government in (18)
"There is much (19) to improve this bill so we have a proper ban.

The Bill will now move onto Stage 2 for detailed consideration and amendments in Committee, and
return to the full Parliament (20)
Holyrood's Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform Committee had warned in a report
(2r\ was "at risk of not fully addressing the issues it has been proposed to cover and captu
animal performances it had not intended to."
Holyrood's Committee agreed to the general principles of the Bill but said it will only achieve its aims
it (22) such as tightening the definition both of "circus" and "wild animal."
(Adapted from: https://www.sundaypost.com/fu/msps-vote-support-ban-wild-animals-c

scotland
observes all political parties coming together in support of this Bill

warning that the proposed legislation does not fully address animal welfare issues
for the government to do
D the legislation in its current form
E to ban the use of wild animals in travelling circuses
F' for final amendments and approval
G updating legislation for all animal performances
H implements a list of recommendations
9acruHa ttBurcopucTaHHfl MoBI{tt

Use of Bnglish
Task 5
Canada Convicts Who Escaped from Prison Caught in Escape Room
Two Canadian women who (23) from prison ran out of luck when they were comered by
police at a jail-cell simulation for thrill seekers.
The women fled an Edmonton, Albefta, prison on Monday, but were arrested the next day at a
so-called
escape room.
Police (24) them to the facility, where people pay to solve puzzles that will unlock the
doors of mock dunseons.
(25) their practical experience, the escapees were unable to pull offanother escape.
Police said they were in prison for weapons offences and are considered violent (26)
Police received a tip from (27) on Tuesday evening that the women had been sootted
downtown Edmonton.
But before they could (28) them, the women ducked into SideQuests Adventures escape
room.
"They were extremely cool about it," Rebecca Liaw, co-owner of the escape room, told
GlobalNews.
"They kept up a regular conversation, asking completely (29) questions that we do get on
a daily basis. Nothing out of the ordinary.',
Minutes latea (30) came in d asked the owners if two women had just entered the
buildins.
"It was like, 'Yes, actually, they have," Jonathan Liaw, Mrs Liaw's husband and the escape room's co-
owner, told GlobalNews.
"He just called for backup right away. He just said, ,They,re here.,,
The pair was quickly (31)

"Ironic' Somewhat funtty. Seeing as they escaped an escape room
- technically (32)
that wasn't supposed to be escaped," Mr Liaw said.
(A dapte d from : http, //www. b b c. c om /new s /w orl d-us -c anada- 4 I 5 I 6 6I 2 )

18
23 A escaped B disappeared C left D avoided
24 A saw B traced C viewed D observed
25 A Because of B In case of c Despite D During

26 A offenders B participants C supporters D members
)1 A the creators B the audience C the public D the hospital
28 A visit B recelve C appoint D arrest
29 A criminal B typical c offencive D enforceable
30 A a defence lawyer B ajudge c a prosecutor D police
31 A apprehended B taken C observed D noticed
32 A a jail B a courtroom C a hospital D conference-hall
Task 6
Man Arrested after Threat at Regents Park Community College
An investigation has been launched and a man has been arrested following a bomb threat at a Southamptc
school.
Children and staff (33) akeady arrived at Regents Park Community College yesterda
morning when a threat was made by phone.
They were immediately evacuated and police (34) called to the scene. Parents har
praised the school for the way it handled the incident.
Now Hampshire police has confirmed a 2|-year old man from Southampton (35) i
connection with the incident and an investigation is ongoing.

A message to say there was a bomb in the school was sent to the school phone (36) 8.C
a.m.
Headteacher Jonty Archibald said: "The school received the message on the phone to say there (3'
a bomb in the school. The school (38) the decision as a precaution t
evacuate the site, sending students and staffto an external sporls area. Our main concern was the safety of tl
children in our care."
Mr Archibald said youngsters and staff were sent home when it (39) clear tl
investigation was taking some time and the weather deteriorated.
Parents (40) and picked their children up through the morning.
Martin Rearman, whose son and daughter attended the school, (41) he received a te
from the school at around 9 a.m.
A45-year-old floor fitter, from Regents Park, said: "The school texted us to say that there was an incide
going on at the school, and then we were told that kids (42) go home."
(Adapted from : (http : //www. daily echo. co. uk/new s/district/eastlei g

E
I 5 5 7 9 7 6 6. UP D AT Man arr e s t e d_aft er o mb
-b
at ity c h o o.
-thre -at -c -s
33 A had B have C were D have been
34 A were B was C has been D have been
35 A is arrested B is being arrested C was arrested D has been arrested
36 A at B In C on D during
37 A IS B was C would be D will be
38 A took B is taking c takes D was taking
39 A is becoming B had become C has become D became
40 A were being informed B were informing C were informed D informed
4l A had said B said C would say D was said
42 A can B could c were D will
TECT 3
2I
{acruna (qrrraHHfl>)
Reading
Task 1
1.
As a personal injury lawyer, I've seen many accidents caused by distracted driving, and one of the most
common causes is texting. While having constant communication with work and family may seem like a good
thing, doing it on the road can be a surefire way to suffer life-threatening injuries in many cases. Overall,
distracted driving is doing something that takes your attention from the road. Generally, this involves drinking
or eating' putting on makeup, playing with the radio, talking to others in the vehicle or on the phone or texting.
2.
In 2015 alone,3,477 individuals died, and another 391,000 were hurl due to distracted drivers. That
boils down to approximately eight deaths and 1,161 injrries daily, according to the Federal Communications
Commission. On top of that, about 660,000 drivers are using electronic devices at any given time when they
drive. Over 34 percent of teen drivers say they have texted and driven at the same time.
3.
Texting takes time away from the road. In order to read or send a text, the average driver takes five
seconds. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, if you are going 55 mph, that
would be equivalent to driving across a football field while keeping your eyes shut.You ,r".d to take your hands
offthe wheel when texting. In order to read the screen and type a message in return, you need to take your eyes
offthe road.In order to drive safely, you need to think about what you are doing. Texting takes your mind in
another direction far from concentratins on the road.
4.
Serious traumas can result from an accident caused by distracted driving: cuts, bruises, or burns,broken
bones, traumatic brain injuries,intemal bleeding or organ damage. Since texting commonly results in a head-
on collision, brain injury is one possibility. Leaving the lane and causing a head-on collision can result in the
wrongful death of another individual.
California has a law in place that makes it illegal to text and drive. The version that came into effect in
2017 makes it illegal to swipe a cell phone for any reason while driving. If you are texting and another person
dies as a result of that, it is possible that you will be charged with manslaughter in California.
(Adapted from: https : //www.ltg. org/article. asp? id: 4 49 5 2)
A Why Is Texting so Dangerous?

B Injuries Caused by Texting and Driving
C Investigation and Prosecution of Distracted Drivins Cases
D Texting and Driving Accident Statistics
E The Illegality of Driving and Texting
F Distraction Detection and Mitigation
G How to Stop Texting and Driving
H What is Distracted Drivins?
22
Task 2
Judges: Appointed v. Elected
We are taught from a young age that the best form of government is one that we the people elect. Is
electing judges the best waY?
Citizensparticipate inthisprocessbyvoting forpresidentandother offrces. But onebranch ofgovernment-
the judicial branch - often escapes the direct application of democracy through judicial appointments instead
ofelectingjudges. The benefits ofhaving presidents and governors appointjudges for life rather than putting
their seats up for election have been debated for centuries andjudicial systems still vary from state to state.
These debates have come from the fact that there are many good and bad consequences of having appointed
judges. Although electing judges makes intuitive sense in a democracy, the appointment method of judge
selection most fairly accomplishes the goal of the judicial branch - to read and interpret the law.
Given that direct democracy allows citizens the most control over their government, to elect our judges
may seem like the best method of sele ction. Indeed, judges who depend on re-election to keep their
jobs are
often friendlier and appear more producti.re. Elected judges must keep people happy and they will therefore
often do what the majority of people in their jurisdiction would think is best. Unfortunately, sometimes being
a good judge means making decisions that don't make people happy. Clearly, most judges (whether they be
elected or not) are not afraidto make unpopular decisions in court as long as they are in keeping-with the law.
But the application of direct democracy to the court system may lead to some level of majority rule in the
courts. While majority rule is a good thing in Congress and the White House, judicial rulings should be based
on objective interpretation of the law and therefore must not be influenced by public opinion'
Another reason to support the appointment of judges is that presidents and governors make judicial
selections based on the backgrounds and records of candidates. While the results of an election can be influenced
by campaign finance and colorful adverlisements, an appointment is the result of careful deliberation and
,"r"ur.h by the president or governor. Sometimes judges are elected based purely on their party affiliation.
Judges should be selected with the intention of being objective and non-partisan, not elected to implement
a particular party's Platform.
The best way to guarantee unbiased and fair rulings in our courts is by establishing appointment as the
standard method of judicial selection.
(Adapted from: https : //www. hg. org/article. asp ? id: 44B7 0)
6. For centuries there have been debates on

Athe goal of the judicial branch.
B the differences in the judicial systems of states.
C advantages of appointing judges by presidents and governors rather than electing them.
D application of democracy in the state.
7. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about judges according to Paragraph 3?

A Elected judges should take into account public opinion.
B Judges are not afraid to make unpopular court judgements'
C Electedjudges depend on re-election to keep theirjobs'
D. Elected judges can control govemment.
8. The basis of the judicial rulings should be

A amajority rule
B apublic opinion
C an objective interpretation ofthe legislative acts
D narfv affiliation
23
9. Which of the following arguments for appointing judges is not stated in the text?
A Presidents and governors choose candidates for the judiciary carefully on the grounds of their
refererences.
B Appointment is made after a deliberate research of candidates by the president or govemor.
C Appointment ofjudges does not depend on campaign finance and colorful advertisements.
D Appointment ofjudges makes intuitive sense in a democraoy.
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?

A The standard method ofjudicial selection is the appointment method.
B The best method ofjudicial selection is the election method.
c Establishing the appointment method ensures unbiased rulings in courls.
D Establishing the majority rule in court is the best method of iudicial selection.
Task 3
Read the texts below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices vou do not need
Law Courses
From international law andforensic science, to criminaljustice and legal ethics: gain abetterunderstanding
of legal fields and process with our online law courses from the world's major universities.
11. Introduction to the UK Parliament: People, Processes and Public Participation

From setting the age at which we starl school to deciding pension policy, the legislative body makes laws
that impact our lives, our work and our wider society.You will begin by looking at what Parliament is, how it is
different from government and how it has changed and evolved over hundreds of years. You will find out aboul
the work of the House of Commons and the House of Lords and discover how things work in the Chambers
and beyond on a day-to-day basis.
12. Maritime Law: An Introduction to Shipping Transactions

This free online course will look below the water line at the unseen legal and transactional strucfures
behind the shipping industry. We will examine the process of acquiring and financing of new vessels and
secondary market tonnage. We will explore the concept of flags of convenience and modem practice of ship
registration.You will develop an understanding of how the merchant fleets of the world are bought, sold and
securitized - and how intemational conventions regulate ships wherever they are registered.
13. Mergers and Acquisitions: Structuring the Deal

This course looks in detail at the different ways in which mergers and acquisitions transactions are
structured.You'll learn about legal structures, stock purchases, asset purchases, tax loss mergers and reverse
mergers. As you explore these different transaction structures, you'11 consider the legal and corporate documents
involved and the tax implications for both buyer and seller.
14. From crime to Punishment: an Introduction to criminal Justice

What happens when an offence is allegedly committed in the UK? Now's your chance to find out. On
this course you'll follow a suspect through the journey of investigation, prosecution and adjudication. you,ll
step inside the courtroom - discovering how criminal justice processes work in England and Wales and learn
-
about the criminal 1aw and key institutions like the police and the courls.
15. tr'orensic Psychology: Witness Investigation

Using videos of real witnesses and from cameras that go behind the scenes of a police investigation, this
course explores the psychology of eyewitness testimony. You will get the chance to test your own cognitive
24
as you
skills and to see whether yorrl powers of investigation are as good as a crack squad of police officers'
try to solve a crime using nothing but evidence from eyewitnesses.
16. Law for Non-Lawyers: Introduction to Law

of
This free online .o*.. will provide an introductory insight to the common law system, variations
which are used in countries that arehome to 2.3 billion people worldwide.The course will introduce key legal
doctrines and principles in readily accessible formats and language. Case studies will
illuminate common
subjects to your
applications ofth. ln* in real life scenarios, enabling you to explore the relevance ofspecific
own professional and personal circumstances, and legal jurisdiction.
(Adaptedfrom: wwwfuturelearn.com/courses/categories/law-courses?all courses:11
By the end of which course, you will be able to...
explain the regulation of the shipping industry globally

describe key processes in criminal law and justice
understand the common law system used worldwide, and your legal rights and responsibilities
identiff the nature of fraud, its victims and its perpetrators
investigate and understand the nature of eyewitness testimony
identiff main terms and concepts related to migration and asylum
understand the difference between legislative and executive branch of power'
analyse documents, tax, and legal structures needed to execute a deal.
Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22), There
are
Can I Have Google Content Removed?
As many people know, once information is on the Internet, it can stay there forever' However, some
individuals (L7)
engine at
, so they may prrsue doing this through Google, the largest search
the time of publication. There is a cerlain process that individuals must usually follow
in order to effectuate
this, and Google does not guarantee that (18)- will be remove
images of child
Google may remove content if it is for a particular legal reason. For example, it removes
po*ogruphy or sexual abuse. Additionally, it will remove (19) that the information is in violation
of copyright infringement'
Upon r"qrr"st, Google (20) such as a Social Security number, other national identification
Google mal
card, credit card, number, bank account number or an image of a person's signature. Additionally,
remove a person's nude or sexually explicit picture (21)
Before removing such informati,on, Google assesses the risk of harm to you for identity theft,
fraud
or other types of risk. Therefore, it evaluates whether the information can be utilized for typical financial
transactions, if it is something that was shared without your consent and whether it could
be used to acquire
additional information that could (22)

A person who wants to have information removed from Google can access the necessary request form
through the Google website. There is a separate form for legal removals and personal information
removals'
If a plrson wants additional information on this subject, he or she may consider talking it over with a lawyer'
He or she may be able to get a court-issued order requiring Google to remove such information.
Altemativell-
25
he or she may suggest other ways of remedying the situation, such as pursuing a claim for slander, fraud or
misappropriation against the person who is responsible for publishing such information.
(Adapted from: https : //www.hg. org/article. asp? id: 3 68 2 0)
A all unfavorable information

B that was uploaded without your permission
C information pursuant to a 7ega7 request
D the request will be denied
E have a legitimate interest in having certain information removed from the Intemet
F' cause financial harm to you
G deletes it from their search options
H may remove personal information
rfacruna (Br.rKopr{craHHfl MoBr{>)

Use of English
Task 5
Burglary is known as an activity where someone illegally enters some structure, home or buildine with
the intent to (23) a crime such as (24) . These incidents usually transpire during
nighttime hours, and the (25) are often severe when conviction is the end result of being caught.
Crimes for breaking and entering are usually minor in comparison to those of burglary. The person who ls
convicted of these illegal acts could face up to twenty years in a corresponding state prison along with fines and
fees to pay after the sentencing. The (26) must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the person
on trial is the perpetrator of the act, and he or she must prove certain elements during the case. When faced
with these issues, it is crucial to hire an experienced criminal defense lawyer to assist *ith U.ritamg a strategic
defense. This means obtaining legal (27) early and quickly.
When someone has broken into an office, ship, vehicle, domicile apartment complex, condo or similar
sh'ucture, he or she may be intending to steal something of value from the location. If the crime is committed
or there is a(n) (28) to do so, the person may be (29) by (30) and
then go through a (31) by court to defend against the (32) . To avoid the severe
punishments of only being charged with burglary, the individual needs legal representation. However, if
other
charges are attached, the possible sentencing could be harsher with longer time spent behind bars. This
means
avoiding conviction becomes crucial.
(Adapted fro m: https : //www. h g. org/article. asp ? id: 4 4 60 4)
23 A perform B commit C conduct D steal

24 A theft B shoplifting C robbery D muggmg
25 A fines B damages C remedies D penalties
26 A prosecution B Jury C defence D judge
'r1 A supervision B compensation C representation D reasoning
26
C effect D will
28 A idea B intent
C tried D imprisoned
A detained B convicted
29
C investigator D law enforc, lment agency
30 A iwil se;want B legal executive
C trial D investigati, )n
A bar B forum
31
c rulings D briefs
32 A charges B proof
sk6
choose the correct answer (A, B,
c or D). Write
:ad the te rt below. For questions Q342)
ur answe rs on the separate answ er sheet.
Police Investigatiot IS
Lt. GenerallY whenthe Pt

rlice contact an individual (33
Exercise' Your Right To Remain Siler has committed
lSSsuspected rf a crime, whether
<
or nc t the subject of that ir westigation
that subject is to rqt nain silent.
(34{) with a crime has a I
(3$ who is accused, charged orP rosecuted
Here'sw hy.-for guarantees t
of the United Stal es Constitution
jht to remai n silent. The Fifth Amend ment
right in almost all crimir
joys a right to not be a witness againl ;t themselves. This is ir nportant
enjoys a 'l 'hey want to do this because
rcause the olice will alwaYs
want to interview the susPect'
because P
(36)- i
be used against them n a subsequent Prosecution'
often make st atements that
ten m if he t
(37)- wrong is vul nerable here, because
Even a 1
Ev )erson who
ice alreadY (38)-
-anything . or inconsistent with otl
that are contr ary to information the Pol
at are show that the Pers< rn has committedl
; can be used, not neces Jarily to
have alreadY collected, these statementl
rve alt information'
is b eing dishonest or is witl rholding
crime but t o show that the Person
a crime, ice are interviewing a suspe( ;t, the police hale
(39) i n mind is when the Pol
The oth :r thing before eve n contacting hirn-
opinion about wheth er or not that Person is Suilty or innocent
lready form ed an in a w ay to suPPort tha
1
already
and anY interrol Sation maY be framed
police u ill be influenced bY these reliefs.
'he po
The
belief.
elief. susPect to make statements
'.40)-to lie, and trick PeoPle, to intimidate the
der ;eive
Police As long as the Police don' t obtain
statemenu
made v' :luntarilY, (41)-
t
itatements tt r the police must be

will be -.
Statements volu ntarily made.
oresumed to have been
(42)-
42)- force, threat, or coeri :ion, statements
to ta1l i to the Police. A Persor ,
is required to Provide ident iffing
informatiot
A Per ln-i, ,t"u"t obligated
ID, and their name and date of 1 rirth. A Pemon
Pers< cal
it, such as a govemment-issued
officer who requests
too an offict answeflng an) 'questions withou
saY '' I don't want to sPeak to Yot
r." or "I have an attorne' ,'. and I am not
always
rlways saY politelY and PeacefullY'
a goc rd idea to assert this rigl rt
:onsulting h im first." It is alwaYs
consulting imin al' at t or neY -bl o g/P o t
'ice-investigations
c c all in. c om/ d env e r -ir
(Ad up te d from : httP : //www' he b et s m
33 lA which B who
hect ndvices
I
C
whose
a better advice
D
D
whom
the best advice
A best advice B
34 D none
B somebodv C nobody
35 A anybody
can D have to
B should C
36 A must
D did
B has done c haven't done
31 A hasn't done
D willknow
B know C knew
38 A known
D to keeP
having kePt B heins keot c keeping
39 A D be allowed
B are allowed C allowed
40 A had been allowed
C so far D therefore
B nevertheless
4l A however
D with
B ln c by
42 A at
TECT 4
rlacruna <<rlllraHHq>>
Reading
Task I
Trial bv Media
Beginning almost instantly after the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Lyle Goldman,
media focused heavily on both the NFL player himself and the lawyers on either side. For example, the
Angeles Times covered the case on its front page for over 300 days after the murders. Similarly, a number
TV networks gave more air time to the case than to the Bosnian War and Oklahoma City bombing combi
During the O.J. case, Judge Ito ruled that live camera coverage of the case was warranted, and
allowed the media to play a significant role inside the court room. Ito has also been criticised in compari
to Judge Fujisaki who judged the Simpson civil trial; Fujisaki banned TV cameras in the courtroom
implemented a gag order on lawyers.
Throughout late 2}thand early 21 st century America, there have been a number of cases where the
has been criticised for its overt implications on the doctrine of a 'fair trial'. For example, the media pla
a significant role in the impeachment trials of Bill Clinton'
The 2007 federal trial of United States v Libby, a former high-ranking official in the George W B
administration, was also notable for its media presence, including the increasingly popular blog form.
trial was notable as president of the Media Bloggers Association claimed the case was 'the first federal
for which independent bloggers have been given official credentials along with reporters from the traditi
news media'. On February 26th, it was reported that one of the twelve jurors had been 'dismissed'
she 'was exposed to information about the trial', thus indicating the potentially harmful role the media pla
This example conveys the danger of 'trial by media'; when the press becomes too involved so that it infri
on the accused right to a'fair trial', that is when the danger becomes too great.
In light of this, in England there are far greater restrictions on the role that the media can have in a tri
The press is limited in what it can report on a trial; upon arrest of a suspect, the press is automatically obliged
restrict reporting of legal proceedings. In order to take into consideration the recent social media advancem
the Attorney General in20l3 issued official statements highlighting the need for care by members of the
who came into contact with the justice system in their use of social media.
Therefore, although the case is different in Britain and America, in both countries there is recognition
the significant danger the media can play in the application of a fair trial.
(A dap te d fr o m : ht tp : //y out hl awi our n al. c om/ 2 0 I 7 / 0 B / I 6/tr i al -
1. Has the media mostly been focused on murder-related issues recently?

A The front pages are now covered with case of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Lyle Goldman
B The wars all over the world are the main focus of newspapers
C It depends onthe case
D Criminal cases and position of both sides of cases have covered most front pages of US
2. Is the media allowed in US courts according to the text?

AThe media has always contradicted to the doctrine of 'fair trial'
B It depends on thejudge
C Ukrainian courts prohibit leporters to be present during a court hearing
D As impeachments trials had been described by reporters; the media was then banned at any
29
3. What is 'trial by media'according to the text?
A if bloggers are present along with reporters
B when jurors rely on media
C it is a harmful and dangerous phenomenon when media influence members of case proceedings
so
that they are not able to reach a fair decision
D when only a few reporters and bloggers are admitted to court
4. rs situation with media present at trail totally different in Britain?

A The Attorney General issued official statements against media in court, thus reporters
are not
allowed to be present at trials
B The press cannot report before the arrest of a suspect
C England has provided for strong limitations on the presence of media in court
D People connected with judiciary may be careful when they communicate in the social net this is
the offlcial requirement
-
5. Fair trial is a necessity both in Britain and America

A Both countries are concerned about the big harm the press can play for justice
B Both countries have strict limitations on tl.re presence of media at trials
C In both countries bloggers are warranted
D In both countries news reporters cover the most cruel murders
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).
Write
Boxing - an Illegal Sport?
It was only a week ago since Boxer Nick Blackwell sufflered a bleed on the brain following his British
middleweight title defeat by Chris Eubank Jr in London. The referee stopped the fight in the
10th round on the
advice of the doctor, who said Blackwell was unable to continue because of serious swelling
over his left eye.
Such a dangerous and deathly sport raises legal implications and points to the question
or even a criminal offence?
-
is boxing unlawful
For some time, the British Medical Association as well as many other medical interest groups
has
campaigned for stricter legal regulation regarding the sport of boxing. Although two bills in
the House of Lords
which attempted to outlaw boxing for reward were defeated in 1995, Parliament has never declared
boxing
illegal and no court has ever decided a case involving the legality of boxing. The sport has been
scientifically
proven to endanger health and perhaps the 51 deaths due to injuries sustained from boxing
adds emphasis to
this point.
The relationship in law between assault and contact sports is a matter of consent and policy. public
policy,
as declared in case law, is that "properly conducted games and sports are needed in the public inlerest.,'Arugby
tackle carried out on aplayer who has consented to be involved is neither a crime noia tort.
In a case R v Lloyd a player was convicted of assault because "what the appellant did had nothing
to
do with rugby football." Similarly, in a football case of McCord v Swansea City ApC
ttd, the court declared
that if a player is injured as a result of play that goes beyond the rules, the club or the aggressor can be
made
to pay compensation. For example, this case states that the footballer, Marco Materuzii, had
every right to
compensation after zinedine zidane head butted him in the world cup final, 2006.
Boxing is different in a significant way. Physical contact in rugby or soccer, however risky, is
not intended
to cause injury. In contrast, boxers do not breach any rules when they try to cause injury. The British
Boxing
Board of Control made this quite clear: "Nobody can take part who is not licensed, and all
who wish to box
are wamed of the risks of the sport and are given thorough medical examination and
tests.,,Additionallv. the
30
mere fact that there is always an ambulance present at each promotion which is staffed by paramedics u
instructions to go to a named hospital emphasises that severe *jrrry is a real risk.
How have the courts dealt with this difference between a sport where injury is incidental and one
it is deliberate? Frustratingly, no cases have actually ever concemed boxing, which means that the judges ha
never ruled on the issue of boxing.
In Attorney General's reference No 6 of 1980, two men agreed to a street fight. At first they were acqu
because they had consented to assault each other. However, the Court ofAppeal ruled that despite consent,
fisht was a crime if the intention was to inflict rnjuty. Lord Lane went on to say, "Most fights will be unlaN
regardless of consent.'
It is accepted as fact that boxing is legal. The real question is how long society will choose to tolerate
(Adapted from http : //youthlawi ournal. com/2 017 /08/ 1 0 /b oxing- an-illegal
6. The idea of the text is about-.

A injury inflicted by a cruel sport
B lawfulness of rugby and soccer
C boxing cases in American history
D public attitude and the view of law to a cruel kind of sport
7. Rugby is contrasted to boxing in the text in the view of-.

A contact
B consent
C criminality
D illegality
8. Under the British law street fights

A are legal
B are considered criminal offenses
C have been never ruled by judges
D are not contrasted to legal sPort
9.Is detiberate injury in sport punished by law?
A It depends onthe sPort
B In rugby yes, in boxing no
CNo
D Always
10. The British Parliament has
A always considered boxing illegal
B had several attempts to make boxing out of law
C has decided a case involving the legality of boxing
D passed numerous laws against boxing
Task 3
Read the texts below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not
Good
LAW OFq:ICE
11. We offer 35 Years Experience with Serious Personal Ittjury Claims' We do
act for Insurance Companies and we are here to help.
31
n Personal Injury Law,
n Motor Vehicle Accidents.
n Insurance Claims.
n Accident Benefits,
n Brain Injuries,
n Limited Liability claims, Long Term Disability, Spinal cord Injury, Slip & Fall
12.F+{Mariaisfair,caring&rea7|ytough.Practicallegalsolutions.Avoidconflict
& unnecessary fees. Free 30 minute consultation covers...What you,re entitledio, how to
avoid court and
solutions for your situation. She specializes in family law from separation
agreements, maniage contracts,
divorce, property division, custody, access and adoptions. She works with
real estate law, wills & estates. you
will like the professional staff and surroundings. Call now..
E
Family Law Group
13' I lThe Family Law Group offers expert, compassionate advice
to clients going
through a separation. The managing partner is Brenda Ban who was called
to the Bar in 1993. She has worked
in family law for more than 20 years, caitlin Reid was called to the Bar in 2012.
Lisa walters was called to
the Bar in2006 and joined Family Law Group in2015. Jessica Lubrick
was called to the Bar in June 2015 and
began her work as a Junior Associate with Family Law Group shortly
thereafter. LatraMoyer was called to
the Bar in2016 and began working at Family Law Group thaisame year.
L4.
your
Dungavell Kenneth G is ready to help you with
l Kenneth G is available
even
as a legal counselor, an appeal lawyer, a barrister and
in the matter of divorce,
separation, child custody or family mediation. Dungavell
case of temporary visa,
permanent residency or citizenship and can help in the event of incorporation
or contracts, Dungavefl Klnneth
G can help in setting up wills and trusts and naming suitable executors.
15.
wou
law
ilfi1#ffillti.Hlffi.;',"T":.il:*Hj'"T#;
to place priority on being attentive to clients'needs
and high quality work, but most importantly our goal is to
discover various options to ensure the best possible outcomesln each client's
unique ciricumstances, including,
those of entrepreneurs, business owners, spouses with corporations and professionals,
or their spouses
KINSCO|e
16. COUNSEL TO GREAT COMPANIES
With more than 1,000 lawyers in 19 offices across the United States andAsia, perkins
Coie LLp represents
great companies across a wide range of industries and stages of growth-from
start-ups to pomur{g lo
corporations. Our core practices include Commercial Litigation, IP Litigation,
Business (with an emphasis on
technology/emerging companies), Privacy, Political Law and Environment
,Energy and Resources.
A does not work for Insurance Company
B provides for a consultation free of charge
C
D is attentive to specific individual condrtrons
E will one need if he is going to work abroad
F' tras a ttiorougtrty traineA ated statf
G
H soecializes in commercial and business la
(17-22). There are

Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space
two choices you do not need to use. write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
.-!
33
rlacruna <BunopucraHHq MoBr.r>>

Use of English
Task 5
HMP Birmingham Riot: Six Convicted of Mutiny

after 'Worst Prison Riot since Strangeways'
Six inmates have been (23)_ of their part in a prison mutiny which sparked a 1S-hour riot at HMp
Birmingham recently, causing millions of pounds of damage.
Luke Mansell,24 and John Burlon, 39, were found guilty of their roles in the trouble which spread to four
wings, and saw 500 prisoners let out of their (24)
Four others admitted a charge of prison mutiny before trial. Order was only restored at the G4S-run jail
after hundreds of specially-trained 'Tornado' team prison officers, backed by riot police, were drafted in to
quell the riot on December 16 last year.
The two men, who had denied prison mutiny at Birmingham Crown Court, were convicted on Friday after
a (25) lasting nearly three weeks.
Jurors failed to reach (26)_on a charge of mutiny for two others, Carl Brookes, 33, and 3o-year-
old Ross Queen, and the six men and six women were formally discharged by the judge. Brookes and
eueen
had previously admitted a separate (27) _of taking an unauthorised photo in jail.
those convicted will be (28)-
All next week. Jurors heard how trouble flared when a group of
prisoners climbed onto 'suicide netting' on the fourth-floor landing on N wing, shortly before a set of keys was
stolen from a prison guard.
Opening the (2g)-earlier this month, Simon Davis, prosecuting, said officers were pelted with paint
and pool balls.
Televisions were thrown out of windows and bedding set on fire amid scenes of the ensuing chaos. It was
the worst (30)_ at a IrK jail since the Manchester Strangeways riots in 1990.
Jurors unanimously convicted Mansell and Burton of (31)_-, who, together with Wilkinson,24,Weston
23, Samed, 30, and Smith, 34, will be (32)_ for an offence which carries up to 10 years behind bars.
Speaking afterwards, Detective Inspector Caroline Corfeld, of West Midlands Police, said: "It's
frightening even to watch on the recorded footage so I can't imagine how it would have felt to be involved on
that day."
from http s : //www. expres s ondstar. com/news /crime/2 0 I 7/0 9 /2 9 /

(Adapted
hmp-birmingham-riots-six-convicted-of-mutiny-after-worst-prison-riot-since-strangeways/)
23 A convicted B arrested C charged D approved

24 A pnsons B cells C bails D alTest
)< A court B trial C tribunal D tort
26 A judgement B sentence C verdicts D regulation
't1 A charge B conviction C accuse D acquittal
28 A released B free C sentenced D booked
29 A argument B case C ilansactron D court
30 A strike B arrest C chaos D disorder
31 A mutiny B break C offence D robbery
32 A accused B sentenced C armed D released
34
Task 6
The Legal Spider's Web of Youtube
How does the largest content-sharing platform in the history of the world, (33)- over every country
with access to the internet, in over 70 languages, with over 300 hours of video (34)- every minute, abide
by the law? In short: with tremendous diffrculty'
When Google purchased the service in 2007, discussions rattled as to what Google had inherited as
a result? Viacom (35)_ a $1 billion lawsuit against the site, in 2008, for not protecting the rights of
Copyright owners. Its immediate response was to take down videos that contained copyrighted music or video.
Since then, the "Fair Use" guidelines and Copyright infringements rules (36)- into a somewhat intricate
web that is underlined by two legal constructs:
The First is the protection of intellectual property rights that everyone must abide (37) simpl1
summed up as 'Copyright'. This contains two types of right, defined (3S)- the World Intellectual
property Organisation (WIPO) as: -'economic rights, which allow the rights owner (39)- financial
reward from the use of his works by others; -and moral rights, which protect the non-economic interests of the
-, usually formed
author'. These rights (40) into law by each country in its own unique legislature and
through international. This agreement was described, by WIPO in 2016, to show that multilateral treaties
.,can
function well to provide important new protections for creators and artists." Although this treaty is yet /o
come into force, its provisions - which grants performers four new economic rights and recognises their moral
rights - will have to be implemented into YouTube rules for the 75 countries that have signed the treaty.
The second is a Terms of Service contract that between a content producer and YouTube. However.
breaching this contract allows YouTube to take action such as removing videos or indeed your whole channel-
Copyright holders once (41) _ to the infringement, have the option to mute the audio, de-monetise it
/ monetise and receive the revenue themselves, block the content in the country where they hold the Copyrighr
or indeed attempt to take down the content entirely by @z)_official legal papers to YouTube - in which
case the account in question earns itself a Copyright "strike" (three strikes and you're out!).
(Adaptedfrom http://youthlawjournal.com/20I7/06/29/the-legal-spiders-web-of-youtubet t
33 A would span B spannmg c have spanned D being spanned
34 A uploaded B uploading C having uploaded D upload
35 A being brought B has brought C will bring D brought
36 A can have been developed B have developed C developed D will develop

37 A by B no preposition c to D 1n
38 A according to B ln C by D under
39 A deriving B to derive C being derived D derive
40 A will have codified B have codified C have been codified D are codified
4l A have alerted B alerted C to alert D to be alerted
42 A having filed B will have filed C file D filing

TECT 5
36
tlacruna <<rluranns>>
Reading
Task
Cybercrime
l.
Cybercrime is a fast-growing area of crime. More andmore criminals are exploiting the speed, convenience
and anonymity of the Internet to commit a diverse range of criminal activities that know no borders, either
physical or virtual, cause serious harm and pose very real threats to victims worldwide.
2.
Although there is no single universal definition of cybercrime, law enforcement generally makes a distinction
between two main types of Intemet-related cime:advanced cyberuime (or high{ech crime) - sophisticated
attacks against computer hardware and software;cyber-enabled crime - many 'traditional'crimes have taken
a new turn with the advent of the Internet, such as: crimes against children, financial crimes and even terrorism.
J.
New trends in cybercrime are emerging all the time, with estimated costs to the global economy running
to billions of dollars. In the past, cybercrime was committed mainly by individuals or small groups. Today,
we are seeing highly complex cybercriminal networks bring together individuals from across the globe in
real time to commit crimes on an unprecedented scale. Criminal organizations are turning increasingly to the
Internet to facilitate their activities and maximize their profit in the shortest time. The crimes themselves are
not necessarily new such as theft, fraud, illegal gambling, sale of fake medicines - but they are evolving in
-
line with the opportunities presented online and therefore becoming more widespread and damaging.
4.
INTERPOL is committed to the global fight against cybercrime, as well as tackling cyber-enabled
crimes. Most cybercrimes are transnational in nafure, therefore INTERPOL is the natural partner for anl
law enforcement agency looking to investigate these crimes on a cooperative level. By working with private
industry INTERPOL is able to provide local law enforcement with focused cyber intelligence, derived from
combining rnputs on a global scale.
Our main initiatives in cybercrime focus on:
. Operational and investigative support
. Cyber intelligence and analysis
. Digital forensics
. Innovation and research
. Capacity building
. National Cyber Reviews.
J.
INTERPOL is committed to being a global coordination body for the detection and prevention of digital
crimes through the INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation (IGCD in Singapore. This cutting-edge research
and development facility, which opened inZ}l4,leverages global cyber-expertise from law enforcement and
key private sector partners.
(Adaptedfrom: https://www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Cybercrime/Cybercrime)
A The changing nature of cybercrime

B INTERPOL's role in cybercrime eradication
C Online safety
37
D Characteristics of the Internet exploited by criminals

E Centre for digital crimes prevention
F' Combating international crimes
G Types of cybercrimes
H Financial crimes
Task 2
Read the text below. For questions (6 - 10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write
What Is Terrorism?
If you ask anyone you know, it is likely that they will be able to recall exactly where they were on
September ll, 2001. This sad day in American history was a defining moment in the war on terrorism that
exists in the United States today.
Terorism consists of criminal activity. There is no single definition of terrorism since it encompasses
a range of activity all designed to intimidate and instill fear. However, one well-known definition of terrorism
is in the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Policy and Counterterrorism Guidelines. This definition states
that tenorismis "a violent act or an act dangerous to human life in violation of the criminal laws of the United
States or of any state to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in
furtherance of political or social objectives."
There are two types of terrorism. Initially, there is domestic terrorism. Domestic terrorism includes acts
of terror which are committed by those who are located in and operate from the United States. Moreover, the
efforts of a domestic terorist are solely aimed towards the United States. Conversely, international terrorismis
a type of terrorism which includes acts of teror committed by individuals affiliated with foreign countries. The
efforts of international terrorism is typically to fuither a political or social objective.
In the 1960s and the 1970s, domestic terrorism saw an increase in the United States. Groups known as the
Black Panthers, the Weathermen, and other radical groups frequently challenged authorities. Moreover, in the
1980s, international terrorism began to grow. For instance, terrorism in Israel began to grow with bombings
occurring frequently. The war in Lebanon also started, which brought with it terrorist acts which shocked the
world.
In 7993, the bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City started a new era of a threat of
international terrorism activity in the United States, Then, in 1995, Timothy Mcveigh and Terry Nichols
blew up the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in OklahomaCity, Oklahoma. This was known as homegrown
terrorism, since these were individuals born and raised in the United States seeking to terrorize fellow
Americans. Thereafter, in1996, the Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski (an individual terrorist), was arrested
and charged for killing three and injuring twenty-three individuals. Kaczynski created bombs he sent through
the postal system and demonstrated how a single person can create athreatof terrorism.
In 1998, Islamic terrorist Osama bin Laden attacked American embassies in Kenya and,Tanzania, killing
American citizens. Then, in 2001, bin Laden successfully funded and organized the attack on the World Trade
Center and the Pentagon, killing approximately 3,000 individuals.
Currently, cybefterrorism, which is terrorism through the use of computers and the internet, is
a primary focus of law enforcement's efforts. There are concerns that the nation's economic, business and
military systems may be attacked. Therefore, there are increased efforts to minimize the risks.
(Adap te cl fr o m : http : //s tu dy. c om/ac ad emy/le ss on/

w hat-i s -teruor is m - definition-hi st ory -typ es-s tatis t ic s. html)
38
6. September 11,2001. was

A the turning point in the war on terrorism in the USA.
B the day when Congress passed the new law on fighting terrorism.
C the day when hackers attacked the US banks.
D the day when oil price dropped dramatically.
7. The definition of terrorism states that terrorism is

A violation of religious rights of some social groups.
B aimed to put pressure on govemments and people
C violation of criminal laws of the United States onlv.
D not dangerous for civilians.
8. Both domestic and international types of terrorism
A are solely aimed towards the US.
B canbe fought by INTERPOL only.
C are aimed to reach some social or political objectives.
D include criminal acts committed by the US citizens only.
9. History of terrorism includes crimes committed

A in 1860.
B in the United States only.
C by individuals bom and raised in the US,
D committed in different countries with escalating violence
10. Cyberterrorism acts
A may be aimed towards some military systems.
B areprioritized by law enforcement agencies.
C minimize financial risks.
D can be committed without computers.
Task 3
Read the texts below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not
Specialized Agencies of the United Nations
Specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Nations and each other
through the coordinating machinery of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. At present the IIN has
in total 1 5 specialized agencies that carry out various functions on behalf of the lIN. Some of the specialized
agencies are listed below
11.
The Food andAgriculture Organization of the UnitedNations leads international efforts to defeat hunger.
Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals
to negotiate agreements and debate policy. FAO's mandate is to raise levels of nutrition, improve agriculfural
productivity, better the lives of rural populations and contribute to the growth of the world economy. FAO is
the largest of UN agencies and its headquarters is in Rome,Italy.
t2.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) is part of the United Nations system and has a formal relationship
agreement with the lIN, but retains its independence. The IMF provides monetary cooperation and financial
stability and acts as a forum for advice, negotiation and assistance on financial issues. It is headquartered
in Washington, D.C., United States of America.
39
13.
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (IINESCO) is a specialized
agency of the United Nations established ln 1946 with its headquarters in Paris, France. Its stated purpose
is
to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, scien"e, and
culflre in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the human rights and fundamental
freedoms proclaimed in the IIN Charter.
14.
The World Health Otganization (WHO) acts as a coordinating authority on international public health
and deals with health and sanitation and diseases and sends medical teams to help combat epidemics. It
was established inApril 7, 1948 when 26 members of the United Nations ratified iis Constitution. April 7
is celebrated as the World Health Day every year. The WHO is governed by 194 Member States through the
world Health Assembly. Its headquarters are at Geneva in Switzerland.
15.
The World Intellectual Properly Organization (WIPO) is a specialized. agency of the United Nations
created in 196'7 and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Its purpose is to encourage creative activity and
to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world. The organization administers several
treaties concerning the protection ofintellectual property rights.
16.
The International Labour Organization (ILO) deals with labour issues. Its headquarters are
in Geneva, Switzerland. Founded in 19 I 9, it was formed through the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles and
was initially an agency of the League of Nations. It became a member of the IIN system after the demise of the
League and the formation of the IIN at the end of World War IL Its Constitution, as amended to date, includes
the Declaration of Philadelphia on the aims and purposes of the Organ ization.Its secretariat is known as the
Intemational Labor Office.
According to the descriptions of the Specialized Agencies of the UN, which agency
(Adapted from : http : //www. unsys tem. org/m emb ers /s pec ialized-agencies)
A assists in flghting malnutrition and poverty
B coordinates efforts in fighting organized crime

C stands on guard ofcopyright
D prevents ecological disasters

E was founded after the World War I
F' deals with health and medical problems around the world
G enhances cooperation through studies and cultural activities
H assists in solving money issues
Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best flts each space (17-22).There are
Modern Slavery Is a Complex fssue
Many forms of slavery consist of several elements. For example, human trafficking often (17)
for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes
to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave (1g) their debt.
40
Anti-Slavery Intemational works across all continents to tackle all forms of modern slavery. We work
with local partners (1.9) out of slavery and advocate on highest levels to implement effective anti-
slavery laws.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, there are
examplesthat show, no country is free from modern slavery even Britain. The National Crime Agency estimates
that there are (20) people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slaverycan affectpeople ofany age, genderorrace. However, contraryto acommonmisconception
that everyone (21) , some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to
accepting deceptive job offers that cantum exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of
race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur (22)
and comrption is rife.
(Adapted from: https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slaveryll
until they pay off

tens ofthousands
preventing human trafficking
to support people
involves advance oavment
where the rule of law is weaker
can be a victim of slavery
without fighting
tlacrnna (B[KopncraHHfl MoBrr>)

Use of English
Task 5
Chinese Uni Uses Facial Recognition to TrackAbsent Students
A Chinese university is using facial (23) technology to deter students from bunking off,
reported.
According to Beijing News, students in six classes at the Communications University of China in the
eastern city of Nanjing are being told to stand in front of an (24) _scteen when they arrive for lectures.
They have their photos taken, which are then matched against those in the university's database within
a couple of seconds. The device is highly (25) _at identifliing students from their appeatance, even if
they change their hair or wear makeup.
Professor Shen Hao says it has proven effective in helping lecturers to identiff students who regularll'
(26) classes.
"The new system saves time and (27) _ the workload of teachers," he adds, noting that the system
is a shift from the traditional paper registers used in Chinese universities.
One student in Mr Shen's class tells Beijing News that it's a "novel idea", and another says: "It's quite
(2S) _; our teacher doesn't need to do a register."
4T
But there is some concern online about the
ools.
'This is just so... weird, I hope our school d
weibo microblog'
Many online commentators say they feel lucky that th
This is not the first time that the use of facial recognition technology
at a public (32) _has sparked
an online outcry in China,
(Adaptedfrom: http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-41749929)
23 A recollection B recessl0n C recognition D recommendation

24 A informative B interactive C integral D intermediate
25 A accurate B accused C accustomed D accepted
26 A slip B scan C scrub D skip
)1 A reclaims B reduces C recognizes D recons
28 A convenlent B constituent C convicted D confldent
29 A invention B intrusion C intervention D introduction
30 A technology B technicolor C technocracy D technetium
31 A graded B guaranteed C graduated D grated
32 A intuition B institution C installation D integration
Task 6
Read the text below. For questions (33-42) choose the correct
answer (A, B, C or D). Write
Artificial Intelligence Smart Enough to Fool Captcha Security Check
Computer scientists (33) arlificial intelligence that can outsmart the Captcha website security
check system.
Captcha challenges people to prove they are human by
that machines would struggle to- complete (35)
Qa) combinations of letters and numbers
Researchers developed an algorithm that imitates how the human

brain responds (36) _ these
visual clues.
The neural network could (37) letters and numbers from their shapes.
The research, conducted by Vicarious - a Californian arlificial intelligence
firm funded by Amazon
founder Jeff Bezos and Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg- is published
in the journal Science.
what is Captcha? The Captcha test, which means the "Completely Automated public
Turing test to tell
Computers and Humans Apart", (3s) in the late 1990s to prevent people from using automated bots
to set up fake accounts on websites.
when logging into a website, users -- prove that they (39) human by solving visual ptzzles,which
requires identifying letters, digits, symbols or objects that
1+o;_
Computers usually struggle to pass such tests, and Google says
or animated in some way.
that its reCaptcha test is (41)
complicated that even humans can only solve it g7% of the time. _
However, researchers from vicarious claim that (42) computer algorithm can pick out distorted
letters and digits from images.
(Adapted from : http : //www. bb c. com/news/technolo gy_4 I )

7 75 9 6B
33 A develops B have developed C has developed D developing
34 A has recognised B recognise C recognising D recognised
35 A correctly B correct C correcting D most co1Tect

36 A by B at c in D to
JI A to identiff B identiff C identi$'ing D identified

38 A was developed B is developed C has developed D developed
39 A being B was C are D IS
40 A are distortins B have been distorted C have distorted D distorted

4l A SO B such C this D some
42 A these B there C they D their

l
TECT
44
9acruna <<rlrarannq>>
Reading
Task L
Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to
use. Write your answers on the separate answer sheet.
Guide to Studying Law
1.
A Law degree will provide you with the skills required to practice in law, for example through
mooting (a mock legal hearing where students argue points of law), and pro bono work. Depending on the
course, you may study law in relation to specific areas, such as the family, commerce, or finance. General
skills include the research, interpretation and explanation of complex subjects, analytical thinking and
practical problem solving, good oral communication, negotiation, teamwork, attention to detail, and the
ability to draft formal documents.
2.
The academic study of law will give you an insight in to the legal systems on which much of our day-
to-day life is based. You will gain a broad and thorough understanding of the subject. You will practise,
practise and practise some more the skills of thinking, analysis, written and verbal presentation of ideas
of arguments. The skills are necessary to practice Law but make great transferable skills for many other
career paths, such as teaching, the civil service, and the voluntary sector.
3.
An A Level in Law is not required, although students will need to meet specific academic requirements.
Key factors used to assess their application will include how students portray their academic interest in
the subject, their personal interests and extra-curricular activities within their personal statement on the
application form. Generally, admissions tutors look for strong all-round individuals who are curious
about the world around them and determined and diligent. A degree in Law not only leads to a career as
a barrister or solicitor - it prepares a graduate for a wide range ofcareers.
4.
Students should be able to demonstrate that they have followed up their interest in law. Work
experience in a legal environment is useful but not essential. It is more important to show an appreciation
of how law affects the world around us. One student had pursued his interest in law by volunteering
at his local police station, another by becoming a volunteer advocate for the mentally ill. Read a good
quality newspaper so you are fully informed about topics in the news - there will always be a legal angle
somewhere - and be prepared to discuss and share views on these. Don't quote famous lawyers - when
you have read 500 personal statements quoting Ghandi it becomes a bit boring! Make your statement
personal and relevant.
Law graduates who wish to work in law have the options of the Legal Practice Course (LPC) for
solicitors, or the Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) for barristers. An alternative is the Chartered
Institute of Legal Executives programme, which includes the Graduate Diploma in Law and a graduate fast-
track programme, where students study a specific area of law, rather than covering many different areas.
Students with a degree in a subject other than Law can take the Graduate Diploma in Law, or other qualifying
law degree. Practicing lawyers have various options open to them, such as a Master of Laws (LLM) course.
(Adaptedfrom: https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/courses/law/guidelo-studying-law/)
45
A Misconceptions about Law
B Why study Law
C What are thej ob opporfunities?
D Tips for your university application
E Assessments and exams
F' Specific or general skills developed
G Examples of area of study
H What are the postgraduate opporfunities?
Task 2
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the
answers on the separate answer sheet.
correct answer (A, B, c
".
D). 1ry,.tt- y"*
Ifow students can prepare for the future oflaw
with photocopv
There was
much faster and

'."Ji#]"?fli".j,"#il,,::JT';;1::TfL,l"J,1:n:
singly resemble tech companies, it's up to law sfudents
,
to keep up with the pace ofnchange
- and to prove that trainees still have a role.
Nevertheless, understanding the impac] of artificial

intelligence and machine learning on legal services
could set applicants apart when competing for legal training
coirtracts. some of the
work in themselves, though. Some people think that raw
degies have fal
graduates with the skills they need. Most universities
continue to teach ;;H:Tl:
young people."
up until a few years ago, but might not properly prepare
Some aspects of lawyers' jobs are more vulnerable

to change than others. while algorithms are effective
at processing data, they're weaker in areas requiring
emotionafintelligence and human judgment. complex
areas of statutory law, like tax, will benefit from
technology's superior processing skills but humans
probably always be better at negotiating deals, mediating - will
d[putes, or making ethical judgments.
If they won't replace lawyers entirely, however, algorithms

will certainly shape legal work of the future.
Day-to-day laws and rules will increasingly be enforced
through algorithmic regulation, which uses an
contracts. The lawyer will move from litigating

aw students looking to take advantage ofthese
changes might consider an internship with large
tech companies such as Facebook or Google. They
also inform themselves about fufure clients in emerging should
aieus .u"h as virfual reality, robotics and artificial
intelligence.
Data protection is superseding privacy

a raft of new EU rules
coming into force in 2018. The BBC has set
sts for information to be
taken down. Students interested in these eme
with modules on media,
46
internet, cyberspace and data protection. But law students should remember that a degree is an academic,
rather than vocational, programme. Students should not select modules solely on the basis that they might be
useful down the line, they should wait until they undertake vocational training in their Legal Practice Course.
(Ad ap te d fr o m : http s //www. th e gu ard i an. c o m / I aw / 2 0 I 7 /j u I / 3 I /

:
ready-for-robot-lawyers-how-students-can-prepare-for+he-future-of-law)
6. Why do law firm trainees spend less time on administrative tasks today?
A The administration tasks have become easier
B There are more members of administrative staff
C Everyday tasks are performed by PC's
D Modern law firms hire tech companies to perform administrative work
7. What trait can give you an advantage during a job interview (according to the text)?
A Ability to make excellent presentations
B Being skilled with photocopying and pagination
C Knowledge of foreign language
D Understanding computer equipment
8. What areas of law will get advantage from using IT?

A Tax law
B Legal ethics
C Company law
D Legal negotiations
9. What are the consequences of introduction of virtual courts?

A The lawyers will have to enforce the rules
B Some contracts will be written in programming language
C Virfual reality will become obsolete
D Layers will have a mandatory Facebook profile
10. What courses should law students choose if they want to comply with new EU rules?
A Any vocational programme
B Legal writing skills
C Any academic programme
D Data protection
Task 3
Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to
Law courses at the University of Hertfordshire
11. Our professional 3-yearLLB Programme is one of the most innovative law degrees in the country
combining sector-leading teaching methods, substantial skills development and extensive contact time. All
of which ensures that when you graduate you will be prepared for your career of choice. With flexible study
routes available, most students will opt for the three-year full time route, but we offer start dates in both
September and January each year. Ifyou prefer to study at a slower rate, you can choose our six-year part
time study route.
47
12. The LLB (Hons) Law is a qualifying degree, recognised by the Bar Standards Board (for barristers)
and the Solicitors Regulation Authority (for solicitors) for the purpose of exemption from the academic
stage of their professional examinations. This course is ideal for students who have ambitions to work in
commercial practice areas, either in the UK or internationally, as a lawyeq or in a business or corporate
environment.
13. Our professional accelerated Z-year LLB Programme is one of very few law degrees in the country
that allows you to complete the academic stage of training in two years, instead of the normal three. Along
with the options of achieving a named Qualifying Law Degree, in either Commercial Law, Government and
Politics, or Criminal Justice, this is a very popular route of study. You will start in September and then study
over two years including through the summer.
14. The programme provides opportunities for students to develop and demonstrate knowledge
and understanding, skills and other attributes in the LLB (Hons) Government and Politics course. This
specialist LLB has a focus on govefirment and politics and covers modules including Government and
Politics, International Law and Politics and Jurisprudence making it perfect for those looking to work in
local authority settings, or in a government or public sector based career. A number of our graduates have
used this pathway as a platform to a career in public sector including local authorities, the civil service, and
government departments.
15. Understanding how criminal justice works as a system will enable students to think critically about
the genesis of crime, its effects on society and the most effective strategies to fight against it, The course
brings the substantive and procedural criminal law together into one programme. The LLB in Criminal
Justice is designed to give students a thorough knowledge and understanding of: how crime is created, its
effects on society and the role of modern criminal justice institutions; and the most effective strategies to
tackle crime, the ways in which criminality affects the public interest and how the fight against criminality
may impact upon individual rights.
16. As well as taking the four taught modules you are also required to complete a 15,000 word
dissertation (this counts as two modules) ona topic related to your chosen pathway. The dissertation provides
you with an opporlunity to carry out assisted research in area of interest to you. The assistance comes in the
form of supervision by an expert member of staff and by regular research methods and skills sessions. The
dissertation is submitted bv mid-Seotember in vour final vear.
(Adaptecl from: http : //www.herts. ac.uk/courses)
Accordingto the courses description, which law course atthe University ofHertfordshire ?
A requires submission of a written work
B gives sfudents opporfunity to master both statutory and procedural law
c is tausht in a brand new learnins resource centre
D is beneficial for future civil servants
E consists mostly of mooting, debating and mock trials
F starts twice per academic year
G takes less time than a regular programme
H is ideal for a future business lawyer

48
Task 4
Common Legal Issues Faced by Businesses
As an ownef of a small business, the danger of crippling litigation should also be at the top of your
priorities. Legal headaches, especially inAmerica cantake you by surprise and (17) . Here are
some of the most common legal issues facing small businesses inAmerica'
As a business owner, this will be one of the most common legal headaches. In America, employees
(18) in the form of unions and reasons for "wrongful termination". If you terminate a non-
performing employee, make sure he or she signs documents carefully drafted by an attorney upon termination
(1e) . Letting an employee go without any final termination forms leaves the door wide open
for legal actions.
(20) sexual, ethnic, age or otherwise, can cause your company serious problems. Make
-
sgre your human resources and legal departrnents are well equipped to handle these issues should they arise.
During the hiring process, (21) all the applicants'resumes should allegations of discrimination
arise, to prove that you hire the most qualified individuals, regardless of gender, ethnicity or age. Victims of
(22) tend to attractlots of media attention, which can hurt your company's public image as well
as drain your legal budget. Be proactive and stomp out these problems before they start,
(Adapted from: http: //www.businessdictionary. com/article/5 3 B/

c o mm o n- I e gal - i s s u e s -fa ce d- by -bus ine s s e s /)
A aggressive patent litigation
B harassment and discrimination
C to make the terms of dismissal crystal clear
D have far more rights than other countries

E make sure you are prepared with
F' to avoid a messy legal battle
G the legal ramifications of alleged discrimination
H severelv hurt vour business'bottom line
rlacruna (BrlKopucraHHfl MoBI{>>

Use of English
Task 5
Legal Principles of Contract Law
Although legal (23) can make reading and understanding a contact challenging, the
principles involved are straightforward. Small business (24) can take these principles and use
49
them when writing their own contracts. Once the offer is (25) and provided the contract is in
compliance with federal and state laws, the small business owner has a contract that is now enforceable in
court.
A contract does not (26) ifthe offer is not accepted. The person receiving the offer can
either (27) it or make a counteroffer. For example, a small business owner placing an order
for supplies may reject the offered price and make a counteroffer with better terms. The person making the
(28) offer can limit the time the other (29) party has to accept theoffer and
has the right to (30) the offer at any time. The contract is formed once the offer or counteroffer has
been accepted by both parlies.
Consideration, or the exchange of value, is payment for contract (31) . The consideration
can be anlthing of value including cash, good or services. Continuing with the above example, the small
business owner's (32) for the order is the consideration given for the merchandise.
(Adaptedfrom: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/legal-principles-contract-taw-60932.htm1)
23 A wordage B phrasing C terminology D phraseology

24 A proprietors B owners C keepers D governors
25 A accepted B obtained C acquired D gained
26 A prevail B exist C abide D occur
)1 A rebuff B renounce C repudiate D reject
28 A introductory B initial C original D commencrng
29 A party B actor C participant D litigant
30 A renounce B abolish C revoke D invalidate
31 A completion B administration C attainment D performance
32 A subsidy B reimbursement C payment D fee
Task 6
Police report
(33) 5:22 p.m. on May 12,2070,I (34) to 239 Carol Avenue regarding
atheft. Lawrence Cooper(DOB 7-15-1987) (35) that his son David's bicycle had been stolen.
Cooper (36)
- David (DOB 11-04-2001) (37\ the bicycle into the carport the evening before
(May 11);
- the bicycle (38) locked;
- the bicycle is a blue Sears boys'bicycle with black tires and black handlebars;
the bicycle (39)
- three years old
David (40) to the carport after school to ride the bicycle. He saw the bicycle was missing.
When his father came home. David told him that the bike (41) stolen. Lawrence called the
police at 5:20.
50
No one was home all day. Neither David nor Lawrence knows when the bicycle was stolen. They don't
remember whether it was in the carport this morning' They (42) any unusual noises last ntght.
(Adaptedfrom: http://yourpolicewrite.com/four-types-police-reports/sample-reportl)
33 A after B at C on D before
34 A am dispatched B dispatch C was dispatched D will be dispatched
35 A has reported B was reported C reported D is reported
36 A tells B was told C will tell D told
37 A brought B had brought c was brought D will bring
38 A hadn't been B wasn't c isn't D won't be
39 A IS B was C had been D wasn't
40 A didn't go B was gone c will go D went
4l A was B wasn't c had been D will be
42 A haven't heard B hadn't heard c heard D did not hear
I
TECT 7
F
52
rlacruna <<
Read
TaskL
Two-year-old girl gives evi

1.
Defendant pleads guilty after intermediary helped
was sentenced to more than 10 years in prison after adm
to have become the youngest person to give evidence in
by a specialist courl team.
)
The decision to involve such a young witness in
involved in the legal process, by the factthat the defe
to trial. Neither the police force involved nor the defe
of the child. The case has been highlighted by the NS
demonstrated that sexual predators who targeted very yo
evidence against them.
3.
The interview was conducted by police helped by
of intermediaries which supports communication wi
communication difficulties, to give evidence for co
organization Intermediaries for Justice, Dame Joyce
may target the most vulnerable in society in the belie
an important case."
4.
In the latest case, the young girl was interviewed
a Ministry of Justice-registered intermediary' The interm
the two-year-old, who was initially reluctant to engag
girl began to talk to the intermediary and the police
questions, she named the suspect and described wh
she could point to parts of the body.
A police officer involved with the investigation sai

expertise. In this investigation the specialist support
well supported and the police interviewer understo
powerful evidence of the most serious offending'" "
questioned appropriately and their evidence is understo
for a witness who can't speak the language'"
(Adapte
A Protection of the rights of the young witness

B Imprisonment of the criminal
C Peculiarities of examination of the child
D Role of an intermediary agent in conducting investigation
53
B Reliable and compelling evidence

F' Incredibly brave young witness
G Forensic expertise conducting by an intermediary agent
H Examination with participation of an intermediary agent
Task 2
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, c or D). write vour
Tens of thousands of modern slavery victims in uK, NCA says

Modern slavery and human trafficking is far more prevalent than law enforcement previously
thought,
with a recent crackdown lifting the lid on the "shocking" scale of the crime and potentially
tens of thousands
of victims in the UK, the National Crime Agency (NCA) said.
Will Ken, the NCA s director of vulnerabilities, said the figures were far higher than those identified
by
the system set up by the government to identiff victims of trafficking, which stood
o'The at about 3,g00 in 2016.
more we look for modern slavery the more we find evidence of the widespread
abuse of the r,ulne rable,,,
Kerr said.
There has been a wide range of cases uncovered, from a Romanian organized
crime gang making €5m
(f4'5m) advertising prostitutes online and laundering the proceeds, to a 72-year-old girl
being iraffrct<eO into
the UK to take children to school.
victims are predominantly from eastern Europe, Vietnam and Nigeria, with a roughly equal
balance
between men and women' the NCA said. There were currently more than joo
live policing operations targeting
modern slavery in the UK, it added.
InMayandJunealone,therewere 111 arrestsrelatedto 130potential victimsintheUKaspafiof
an
operation led by the NCA. The agency has launched a campaign to increase public
awareness and encourage
people to report suspicions to a modern slavery hotline.
Kerr said examples included those working at car washes and in construction, agriculture
and food
processing' They receive very little pay and are forced to put up with poor
living conditions, others sold into
slavery could be kept in pop-up brothels, where sex workers who have been promised
a better life are left
penniless with few clothes other than underwear, while some work in cannabis
factories. he said.
"As you go about your normal daily life and as you're engaged in a legitimate economy
accessing goods
and services, there is a growing and a good chance you will come across
a victim who has been exploited in
one of those different sectors," he said. "That's why we are asking the public
to try and recognizethe signs and
to report their concerns and suspicions to us.',
(Adapted from: https : //www.theguardian. com/wortd/2 0 I 7 /aug/ I 0/

mo d er n - s I av ery -uk- n c a - hum an- tr ffi c kin g -p ro st ituti o n)
6. What is the main idea of the text?

A Fight against modern slavery and forced labour
B Recognition of potential victims of slavery
C Increase of public awareness to inform NCA
D Increase ofpolicing operations
7. What countries are potential regions of victims of forced labour and slavery?
A NCA, Europe, Vietnam
B the UK, Romania, Nigeria
-
54
C the UK, Vietnam, Nigeria

D Nigeria, Continental Europe, Vietnam
8. What sectors are predominant for forced labour and slavery?

A economy accessing goods and services
B advertising prostitutes online and laundering the proceeds
C car washes, construction, agdculture, food processing, services
D cannabis factories
9. What are real figures of abuse of the vulnerable?

A one hundred and thirty
B tens ofthousands
C three thousand and eight hundred
D two thousand and sixteen
10. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?

A NCA launches a project to prevent slavery.
B Slavers live in poor conditions, very often without payment'
C The police ask the public to avoid suspicious signs.
D Human trafficking is condemned as a violation of human rights.
Thsk 3
Read the text below. Match choices (A-II) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to
Who we are looking for
11.
We are a member of the Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC) international network of firms. Legal Services
is a thriving business consisting of 4}Partners and Directors and a 350 strong team. As well as project-based,
specialist legal advice, we offer our clients ongoing general counsel support. We are part of the largest global
network of lawyers and have access to legal expeftise in over 86 countries. Our IP, IT and Commercial group
provides a comprehensive range of legal services in the areas of intellectual property, IT and contracts and
commercial law.
12.
As well as providing traditional advisory services in these areas, we work on many exciting and unusual
projects as an integralpart of multi-disciplinary teams involving tax, technology, sourcing and supply chain,
risk and business strategy consultants from PwC. These projects range from risk audits to cross-border business
transformations or restructuring complex IP portfolios and often challenge us to go beyond the traditional
confines of legal advice.
13.
We are looking for a qualified lawyer with experience in IP and a desire to work across IP and generaL
commercial, and potentially IT, projects. Like the rest of our team, we expect the person in this role will enjoy
an interesting and challenging workload. We work on a wide range of projects across the specialisms coverei
by our group; most of our projects involve understanding and applying technical areas of law in detail' Alarge
proportion of our work is alongside non-lawyers in PwC. Not only does this give us access to projects that
other law firms don't see, but it has helped our lawyers to develop a deeper understanding of business issues
and the commercial context for our advice.
OD
14.
The majority of our team is based in our Birmingham office but we are continuing to grow
our presence
in our UK regional offices. As such, you will be working with our lawyers across the Uk and
will be expected
to travel between the offices where necessary. This role will also provide you with an excellent
opportunity to
grow our legal practice and you will play a central role in developing our business in the
Midlands.
15.
All our people
need to demonstrate the skills and behavior that support us in delivering our business
strategy. This is important to the work we do for our business, and our clients. These skills
and behavior make
up our global leadership framework, 'The PwC Professional'and are made up of five core attributes;
whole
leadership, technical capabilities, business acumen, global acumen and relationships. Essential
skills: qualified
solicitor in England & Wales or equivalent common law jurisdiction, excellent academic background
Ip law
experience, strong contract drafting and analltical skills, around I to 3 years'peE.
16.
We work in a changing world which offers great opporfunities for people with various backgrounds
and
experiences. We seek to arttact and employ the best people from the widest talent poo1,
as well as those who
reflect the diverse nature of our society. And we aim to encourage a culfure where people can
be themselves
and be valued for their strengths. Creating value through variety is what makes us strong
as a business and
as an organization with an increasingly agile workforce, we're open to flexible working
alrangements where
appropriate. Our team has grown rapidly in the last couple of years: the successful candidate
will be one of
around 30 qualified lawyers (covering the range of work described above).
(Adap ted fr o m : ht tp s //j o b s

: /
. th e gu ar di an. c o m /j o b / 6 6 I I 4 6 4
j un i o r - I awy er - ip -s o Iic it o r - / ? L ink S o ur c e : p re m ium Li s t in ga,t)
A leading tax practices

B the main targets of the team
C additional information for future employee
D spheres of firm's activity
E the main qualities of the team
F types of specialists we deal with
G advantages of a broad network of PwC for an employee
H general infbrmation uU
Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22).There
are
Government reportedly planning to allow some UK prisoners to vote
The UK goveflment is reportedly to scrap (17)- 12 years after the European court of human rights
ruled that it (18)_.
Britain has ignored (19)- by European courts since 2005, maintaining that it is a matter for
parliament to decide. But the government is planning to end its long-running defiance
by allowing prisoners
serving a sentence of less than a year who are (20)- on day release to be allowed to go home to
vote, according to the Sunday Times. The newspaper said the decision had been made by David
Lidington, the
justice secretary, who circulated plans to ministers last week.
56
The paper said it (21)_hundreds of prisoners and quoted a senior government source as saying:
,,This wili only apply to u .roull ,rrr*ber of people who remain on the electoral roll and are let out on day
less than who remain on the
release. These are not murderers and rapists but prisoners who are serving ^year
still bars."
electoral rol1. No one will be allowed to register to vote if they are behind
the Ministry of Justice's statement Qz)-of prisoners on day release being
Responding to the report,
allowed to vote.
is well
spokeswoman said: "we do not comment on speculation. our policy on
prisoner
A
prison cannot vote."
established: it remains a matter for the UK to determine, and offenders in
(Adapted from : https : //www.theguardian. com/society/2 0 I 7 /oct/29/

government-planning-ti-allow-some-prisoners-to-vote-european-court-human-rights)
left open the possibilitY

was unlawful
a series ofjudgments
was released
rlacruna (BI{KoprIcraHHr MoBr{>)

Use of English
(A, B, C or D)' Write your

Read the text below. For questions (23-32) choose the correct answer
Iligher sentences proposed for reckless & negligent employers
Employers who (23)- manslaughter could face higher custodial (24)-, from eight to 18 years
in the most serious cases, under draft guidelines drawn up by the Sentencing council'
In a consultation published this week, 'Manslaughter Guideline Consultation', the council proposes
tougher penalties fbr gross negligence manslaughter, whete the offender is
in breach of a duty of care towards
This could
trr.lzg^ , which causes the death of the victim and amounts to a criminal act or omission.
include (26)_who 'completely disregard' the safety of employees or doctors whose care of a patient
falls far below the required standard, the Council said. Currently, there is only
limited sentencing guidance for
(27)_, and these are the first set of comprehensive guidelines for the offence'
practice, with little change
The Council said its proposals were based on an analysis of current sentencing
in sentence levels for mort ur.u, apart from in some gross negligence (28)-.
It said judges currently tend
toordermorelenientsentencesingrossnegligencecaseswhere,forexample,employersignore(29)-
in order to cut costs.
Sentencing Council member Mr. Justice Holroyde said: 'The guidelines
aim to ensure sentencing that
properly reflects both the culpability of the offender and the seriousness of the
(30)- which has been
caused.'
D{
Some 16 (31)_ were sentenced for manslaughter by gross negligence in 2074, inouning custodial
sentences ranging from nine months to 12 years, four of which were suspended. The median sentence
(32)_ was four years.
(A dap t e d fr o m : http s //www.

: n ew I awj o ur n al. c o. uk/ c ont e nt /
Hi g her - s en t enc e s -pro p o s e d -for -re c kl e s - n e gl i g en ce- emp I oy er s)
23 A commit B empose C pull off D carry out

24 A rewards B sentences C terms D consequences
)< A attestor B victim C looker D witness
26 A workers B clerks C employees D employers
)1 A killing B murder C manslaughter D homicide
28 A actions B revlews C CASCS D appeals
29 A law B regulation C rule D safety
30 A harm B hul C disservice D loss
31 A robbers B offenders C burglars D stealers
32 A lasting B duration C length D continuance
Task 6
Read the text below. For questions (3342) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write
UK at risk if no European Arrest Warrant
Peers have warned (33)- an 'unacceptable risk'to the UK if the European Arrest Warrant (EAW)
is not immediately replaced by post-Brexit.
Areport published this week by the EU Home Affairs Sub-Committee stresses the dangers of there being
an operational gap (34)- the EAW ceasing to apply post-Brexit and a suitable replacement coming into
(35)- (in the report, Brexit:judicial oversight of the European Arrest Warrant).
The government curtently (36)- to remove the UK from the jurisdiction of the European Court
of Justice (ECJ), (37)- performs oversight of the EAW. The committee heard evidence that a ,phased
process of (38)-', which the govemment says it wants, is likely to mean accepting, at least in part, the
jurisdiction of the ECJ.
However, it is heard that a transitional arrangement (39)_ be difficult to secure if the UK has left the
EU and withdrawn from other EU related alrangements such as the Charter of Fundamental Rights, EU data
protection laws, and laws on EU citizenship, leaving the prospect of 'a cliff-edge scenario',
Lord Jay, chairman of the committee, said: 'Since its introduction, the UK (40)_ the EAW to
achieve the extradition of 1,000 individuals back to this country (41)_ several nrgh+ronte criminals
like Hussain Osman, who (42)- to carry out a terror attackon the London Undersround in 2005.'
(Adapted from: https://www.newlawjournal.co.uk/content/uk-risk-if-no-european-arrest-warrant)
33 A of B about C on D with
34 A 1n B between C of D for
Jf, A validity B right c rule D force
t-
36 A had intended B intend C intends D intending
37 A whom B whose C who D which
38 A implements B implementing c implementation D implement
39 A might B can C must D need
40 A used B has used C had used D have used
4l A including B includes C include D included
42 A attempts B is attempted C has attempted D attempted

TECT 8
60
rlacrr,rna <<rlurannq>>
Reading
Task I
1.
Debates over how to lrreat prisoners have gone on since imprisonment began: should the prison system
leave inmates to fester in cold cells, with punishment and deterrence as the goal of incarceration? Or should it
let them wander from classroom to games room, preaching rehabilitation into society as its main aim?
2.
Althoughthe UK spends ahigher amount of GDP onpublic orderthanthe US or any EU countries, ourjails
are highly ineffective. With over 83,000 prisoners currently locked away, England andWales have a staggering
imprisonment rate of 150 per 100,000 of the population. Our prisons have been officially overcrowded since
1994;nearly 14,000 cgrrent inmates are serving indeterminate sentences.
3.
If lowering the number of criminals is the reason behind imprisonment, recent figures point to a failing
system: almost three quarters of under- 18s are reconvicted within ayear of release. As James Bell, anAmerican
lawyer and prison reform activist, said: "As it stands now, justice systems are extremely expensive, do not
rehabilitate, but in fact make the people that experience them worse'"
4.
In response to worldwide alarm over the ineffectiveness of how we manage criminals, a growing number
of prisons are embracing something new. By giving inmates more responsibility, comfort, and freedom within
the prison walls, govemors say they are offering prisoners the chance to change. Halden prison in Norway
has a two-bedroom house where inmates can enjoy overnight visits from family members. Critics argue such
systems can only lead to unruly and dangerous behaviour, but surprisingly one of them boasts the lowest
reoffending rate in Europe.
5.
Greater freedom for inmates is slowly becoming more accepted in the lIK, The radio service Alan Weston
wanted to listen to is part of a scheme by the Prison Radio Association, a chaity established in 2006 following
inmate appeals for prison radio. One of several prison programmes aimed at lowering reoffending rates, content
for the Sony Award-winning NPR station is presented and produced by prisoners.
(A dap te d fr om : http //www.

: t el e gr ap h. c o. uk/new s /ukn ew s / cr im e / I 05 I 4 6 7B /
Th e- o I d- d eb at e -puni s h- p r i s o n er s - or -r eh ab il it at e - t h e m. ht m l)
A No Rehabilitation in Prisons
B More Liberty
C ANew Style of Incarceration
D Should Criminals Have Basic Living Conditions, or Would That Be Spoiling Them?
E A Lot of People Are ImPrisoned
F Open Prisons
G The Prison Radio Association
H Successful Rehabilitation
61
Task 2
Modern Technology Needed in Civil Courts
Jonathan Rosenstein says that, when it comes to technology in the courts, there has been ,very little'
progress in an institutional way.
During his tenure on the Superior Court, the frustrations expressed in rulings by Justice David Brown about
the failure to make use of modern technology in the civil courts was not noted only by the legal
community
in southern Ontario. His rulings that called out the shoftcomings of the administration of the courls were also
reported widely in large daily media.
"Providers of music to the public have had to adapt to changes in technology in order to continue provide
to
their particular service. Why should courts and lawyers be any different? Why should we be able to expect that
treating courts like some kind of fossilized Jurassic Park will enable them to continue to provide a most
needed
service to the public in a way the public respects?" wrote Brown in a 2014 commerciai proceeding, ordering
the parties to agree to electronic filing of documents.
Two years earlier, after a delay was caused in a bankruptcy proceeding because a document could not be
found and court staff had to retrieve it in person waiting until the clerk had returned from a break, Brown had
this to say in his ruling.
"What if our Court had a system under which documents were filed electronically and accessible
to
judges and others through a web-based system, with sealed documents specially encrypted
to limit access to
judges only? Yes, Virginia, somewhere, someone must have created such a system,
and perhaps sometime, in
an another decade or so, rumours of such a possibility may waft into the paper-strewn corridors
of the Court
Services Division of the Ministry of the Attorney General and a slow awakening may occur,,' he wrote.
The Court of Appeal, on its own initiative, has for many years required e-filing of documents in addition
to a hard copy' For civil litigators who regularly appear in Superior Court, though, they say there have been
few substantive changes in terms of utilizing technology to streamline the process and reduce the reliance
on
paper copies of documents.
While there are many issues to be resolved in terms of the civil coufts in Ontario and technology, two
pilot projects were announced in recent months to make e-filing possible in certain jurisdictions. A six-month
pilot project launched by the Ministry of the Attorney General permits the online filing of a statement
of claim
in superior court in Brampton, London, Newmarket, ottawa and sudbury.
There are some civil and commercial courtrooms in Toronto that are equipped with the necessary
technology so a person can testify from another location through a secure video link. Outside of the citv.
that
is not necessarily the case.
(Adapted from : http : //www. lawtimesnew s. c om/author/shannon-kari/

m o d ern- t e chnol o gy -n e e ded-in- civ il- c ourt s - I 4 7 5 9 /)
6. What does Jonathan Rosenstein tell about civil courts?

A Judges need to work more.
B Court staff is not highly qualified.
C Court proceedings must be digitally recorded.
D Courts need modern innovations.
7. What did Justice David Brown claim in the rulings?

A Courts and lawyers should use new technology in their work.
B Judges must provide service online.
C Courts should permit the online filing of a statement of claim.
D Courlrooms should be properly equipped.
62
8. What was NOT mentioned in the text?

A ElectronicallY filed documents'
B E-filing of documents'
C E-mails.
D Aweb-based sYstem'
of Appeal require?
9. What types of documents does the Court
A E-files and PaPer documents'
B Electronic documents and a hard copy'
C Rulings of lower courts'
D Online litigation'
10. What are two pilot projects aimed at?

A Providing free access to trials'
some jurisdictions'
B Supporting new online technologies in
C Education for court staff'
courts'
D Implementation of new technologies in some
Read the texts below. Match choices

(A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need
answer sheet'
to use. Write your answers on the separate
nment and are crient driven, Regional courts
has
11. in
If you thrive
the administration of both courts in a responsible
a permanent position for
le delivery ofjustice'
and professional manner
a
12. Are You
a keen int
We value
team environment
Director, Solicitor
u'll make
involving real estate and contract law'
fo
14. The Edmonton Police Service is looking
ep in your legal career? Are you looking

for an opportunity to use
a new and exciting way? Have
you had exposure to health law 1d
Work
join Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP, as an associate lawyer'
seamless and integrated advice on all facets of a health industry
63
16. The Firm welcomes applications from scholars in all subject areas and embraces a broad range
of theoretical and methodological approaches. The successful candidates will demonstrate excellence in
scholarly research and teaching, along with possessing an exceptional record of academic achievement. Save
in exceptional circumstances, a JD/LLB or equivalent and a doctorate in law or cognate discipline, completed
or near completion is required,
The law firm needs an employee specializing in
A Real Estate
B tabour and Employment

C Economical Insurance
D Teaching Law
E Solicitor
F Judicial Proceedings
G Family Law
H Health Industry
Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22).There are
The Extent of the Threat is Staggering
It was reported in August 2017 that identity theft has reached epidemic levels in the UK, with incidents
running at almost 500 a day, according to the latest figures by UK Fraud Prevention Service. Firms holdins
personal data arc more likely to be attacked.
The most common attacks are fraudulent emails, (17) , In the first six months of this
year a record 89,000 cases of identity fraud were reported, typically involving criminals pretending to
be an
individual in order to steal their money, (18) in their name.
In the last eight years, more than 7.1 billion identities (19) because of company data
breaches. There are 7.5 billion people on Earth, the majority of whom (20)
- so those that
do have probably been hit several times over. If you haven't done so akeady, check if your email has been
compromised.
In April 2017 the government reported that nearly seven in ten large companies identified a breach or
attack. Linkedln, EE, National Lottery, the NHS, Wonga and Equifax have all fallen victim, (21)
and charities and legal firms.
In the 2016 Crime Survey of England and Wales, (22) accounted for a total of 5 .8 million
crimes. Around 1.4 million people suffered a computer virus attack, with almost 650,000 reporting that their
email or social media profile had been hacked.
(Adapted from: http : //www I aw s o ciety. org. uk/new s /blo g/

are-y ou -t he - 6 5 -p ercent- or-th e - 35 -p er- c ent- 6 5 ^p erc ent -
of- I aw -fir m s - cy b er - at t a c k-v ic tim /)
-
have been leaked worldwide
buy items or take out a loan or car insurance
fraud and comPuter misuse
followed by viruses and malware

followed new rules
don't have internet access
as have countless local authorities, high street retailers
rlacrrana (BnKopucraHHfl MoBI{>)

Use of English
(A, B, C or D). Write

Read the text below. For questions (23-32) choose the correct answer
your answers on the separate answer sheet'
How to Build Your RePutation in Law
as a lawyer your reputation'

Let,s take a look at these five strategies to build your greatest asset -
1. Keep your word'
your entire career it should have started
Be honest and do what you say you'll do, Do this all the time, -
information confidential, apply
in (23) school. If it didn't, start now. Pay attention to the details, keep
and your word will
that (24\ mind to your work, and your ieputation will thank you. Your character
define who you are in the legal world.
2. Protect yourself from cyber-attacks'
Hackers are one ofthe biggest (25) to your reputation. By securing your andyour firm's information,
and solidifu your reputation as a (26)
- of confidentiality
you guarantee your client the highest level -
who takes his or her work seriously.
3. Mind your manners.
and you need to show it to everyone, including yourself. Radiate
positivity
It,s called common courtesy
-
How you ur. perceived from the get-go from that first day of law school can stay
and don,t (27) _. - -
with you your entire career. What does this mean? Don't gossip, dress modestly'
4. Beware social media'
your social media accognts should (2s) your reputation. Recruiters check out your social media
of yourself, delete them' when
profiles before they hire you. If youru u.. -"r.y o, reflect a different version
a firm (29) - too'
you, they hire your reputation,
5. Publish.
interests you or that you
It,s always easier said than done, but it could be worth it. Pick a topic that
encountered in your (30) do some (31) , write, and add citations and footnotes' Develop
a marketing plan and contact other lawyers within your
(32) to ask about whatever you're writing'
Success awaits. your legal reputation
-, - asset it's worth protecting, defending, and improving'
is your greatest
-
(Adapted from https : //www.
How-to-Build-Yo
65
23 A law B legal C legislative D lawful

24 A confidential B forbidden c legal D illegal
25 A items B threats C ISSUCS D facts
26 A worker B investigator C judge D lawyer
)1 A judge B prosecute C punish D investigate
28 A dislike B Iike C follow D reflect
29 A dismisses B hires C fires D fines
30 A practice B book C knowledge D publication
31 A claims B writing C research D planning
32 A ground B field C boundaries D terrotiry
Task 6
Master the Art of Mooting
The art of what? That's right: mooting. Have you ever heard of mock trial? A moot is a mock legal
(33) You play the role of counsel and deliver arguments before a real judge. Want (34) the art
of mooting? Let's take a look at six strategies. -
-.l. Know your case.
This is the most time-consumittg and the most critical piece of mooting. If you (35) _ your
case, you have nothing from which to draw. - Understand the case, your arguments, counter arguments, and all
nuances associated with it.
2.Practice with your mooting paftner.
Think of every meeting as a dress rehearsal. Practice your delivery and polish your performance. Write
a list of questions you anticipate from a judge, and have your parlner do the same. By working together, you
have a better chance of anticipating at least more of the questions (36)
_ judge would ask.
3. Dress for success.
That is, dress the way you'd dress in court. It's always a good idea to make a good impression (37)
the judge.
4. Watch the judge.
It's important to note if the judge is taking notes. Why? You're making either rea11y good points, or really
bad ones, The point is whatever you're arguing (3S) _ the judge is writing is going to be a question
later. Be ready.
-
5. Watch the pros.
Go to your local court and watch. (39) _ helpful to see the strategies that winning lawyers
and the ones that the losing sides use, too. You'll learn what to do and what not to do, just by (40)
- _.
6. Be open to constructive feedback.
The key here is growth mindset. You're not going to be good at mooting until you do it, and doing it (41)
mean struggling through it the first few times. Judges will give feedback sometimes in general to the
- for (42)
entire moot, and sometimes individually. They will also offer email or meeting times feedback.
(Adapled from http s : //www. lawstudies. com/articl e/Mas ter-the-Art-of- Mooting/)

66
33 A hearing B hear C hears D heard
34 A master B mastered C to master D masters
35 A don't know B won't know C doesn't know D had known
A (no article) B C the D an

36 - a
37 A ln B under c of D on
38 A while B where C what D despite
39 A It B Its C Its D It has
40 A watch B watching C watched D watches
4l A might B had C was able D should
42 A peISon B personally C people D personal
I
TECT 9
68
rlacruna <<rlurannq)
Reading
Task 1
Read the text below. Match choices (A-II) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to
How to Find a Lawver

1.
Most people can handle less complex legal cases where relatively little money is at stake via Small
Claims Courls. Nevertheless, larger and more complicated legal matters typically necessitate the services of
an affordable and motivated expert lawyer who can provide strategic advice and pursue your case effectively.
,
One of the best ways to find a lawyer suitable for your needs is to speak to others who have had similar
problems and obtain references to experienced lawyers. Not only friends and acquaintances are a good source
of such referrals, but you can also ask other lawyers you are familiar with, as well as businesses that have
frequent contact with lawyers who specialize inthe issue you are facing.
3.
The Intemet offers numerous websites that can help you connect with a qualified lawyer to handle your
case. Some online legal referral services allow you to search their databases for lawyers located near you who
specialize in the legal area you need help with. Others allow you to briefly explain your situation and you then
need to wait for interested lawyers to contact you.
4.
Most lawyers who are engaged in a more general form of legal practice and deal routinely with simpler
cases tend to lack the specialized experience needed to help you with more complex legal matters. In such
situations, it can really pay off to pay abit extra to hire a specialist lawyer who has successfully handled cases
like yours on many previous occasions.
Once you have identified a promising list of qualified attorneys, you should then take the time to
interview them to assess whether their personality is a good fit for your needs and that they are genuinely
interested in taking on your case. You also need to make sure that they have a commitment to maintaining
good communication with you, since many complaints about attorneys stem from a lack of information flow.
(Adapted from: http: //www.businessdictionary.com/article/794/howlo-find-a-lawyer/)
A Try to find a local lawyer with the help of special on-line services
B Draw up a shortlist and do a bit of research
C Refer to recommended contacts
D Advertise in the Internet and lawyers will get in touch with you
B To find a competent attorney make use of World Wide Web
F Search for a lawyer capable to cope with your particular problem
G Hire a lawyer you ate familiar with
H When a lawyer is a must
69
Task 2
Why open-minded law students will re-shape the legal profession
More often than not, the technology environment that you see in a law firm is like going back in time. On
top of that there is an underinvestment in tools to help lawyers, such as document review, drafting and data
analysis. No doubt there is room for improvement.
At the same time, there are some good reasons for law firms being behind the curve. They are, necessarily,
tightly managed environments that handle a high proportion of confidential information such as client data.
And this responsibility has quite understandably bred a conservatism which is useful in the sense that it protects
clients and guards against potentially costly mistakes. Another factor is that lawyers are very time poor. How
can you change the way you work when everyone is trying to deliver 1,500 billable hours ayear?
But for the law flrms that can find time to consider more efficient ways of working there are considerable
opporfunities. They use technology to free people up so that they can focus on adding value. In my particular
area, drafting, one of our tools corrects and proofreads documents allowing us to solve creative problems.
Auseful comparison here may be global professional services organizations. They are similar to law firms
in the sense that they are full of clever people solving complex problems. But on the whole they have a much
more advanced approach to innovation. One factor may be that they tend to be called upon by clients not only
when there is a problem or an event, as is the case with a law firm, but when there is a broader conversation to
be had about, say, the strategic challenges facing an organisation over the next year and a half.
For law students preparing to enter the legal profession, technology, in my view, presents far more
opportunities than threats. Some work that used to be done by trainees may be completed by people without
legal training or even to some extent assisted by "artificial intelligence" systems. But this will allow lawyers
to "trade up". Perhaps more importantly, though, it's the mindset of tomorrow's lawyers that will hold them in
good stead. Coming into law firms fresh, these digital natives have no set ideas about the way things should
be
done and will be more willing to challenge what is already there.
If I were a trainee lawyer right now, I'd be hungry to receive as much tech-based training as possible,
and also be curious about how tech applies to other industries. In this respect, client secondments would be
parlicularly valuable, as would a wide variety of work experience at the student stage. I'd say that those in my
peer group that have had continued success are those that have taken the time to think beyond their current
industry learnt new concepts and applied these to their current roles. To me, the legal profession seems ripe for
this sort of people to make their mark.
(Adapted from: http : //www. legalcheek. com/lc-career s -po sts /

w hy - op e n-m in de d - I aw -stu d ent s -w il I - re s h ap e - t h e - t e g al -p rofe s s i o n /)
6. what is the main reason of technological backwardness of law firms?

A The legal profession is reluctant to adopt new technologies owing to their conservatism.
B Amount of money they spend on innovations is not enough to keep up to date.
C They believe that "artificial intelligence" is unable to cope with the strategic challenges facing their
clients.
D Lawyers are afraid that their services will cost more for their clients.
7. According to the text the author

A is a successful lawyer with practice in a wide range of law areas.
B is a trainee lawyer using every opportunity to acquire technical knowledge.
C is engaged in correcting and proofreading documents.
D prepares written documents
-
70
8. Saying that 6'lawyers are very time poor" the author means that
A they arelackof free time to change processes and ways of working.
B times are hard now for the legal profession' -'
C lawyers are lack of money to pay their bills.
D everyone tries to waste their time.
9. From the text we can say that law students going to be engaged in the legal profession
A may be replaced by "artificial intelligence" systems.
B are afraid oftechnical innovations. -.
C are not ready to change the way things stand.
" D to be successful should be broad-minded personalities ready to make positive changes in their fleld'
10. which is TRUE about global professional services organizations?

A Equipment they use is mostly behind the time.
B They use innovative technologies to protect clients'personal data.
C They are intended to solve not only issues of the day but also possible complicated problems their
clients may confront with in future
D Their attitude to innovations is similar to that of law firms'
Task 3
Read the text below. Match choices (A-II) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need to
jobs. Here's
Business News Daily asked six professionals with different law backgrounds about their
what it's really like to practice law'
11._
Renata Castro. am an attorney licensed with the Florida Bar. My practice focus is in the Investment
I
Immigration arena,and I help wealthy individuals move to the United States. I love being able to participate in
people,s dreams to move to the USA lawfully, and, on the other hand, to be a part of an effective immigration
ptogru1n that has generated hundreds of thousands ofjobs for communities across the United States'
12._
David Benowitz. am a founding partner at Price Benowitz LLP, which is located in the heart of
I
Washington, D.C. I began my career as a public defender for the District of Columbia.I brought that experience
to my own practice where I help my clients litigate cases in the District of Columbia, Maryland and U.S.
District courts in D.C. and Maryland. I am also a faculty member for the Trial Advocacy Workshop at Harvarc
Law School. I have grown to love working with clients to prepare an effective defense. I enjoy building strong
defense strategies on a daily basis that allow each of my clients to achieve the best possible case result.
13._
Autumn Witt Boyd. I'm a copyright, trademark, and business lawyer who specializes in working with
creative companies. My favorite part about this career is helping my clients figure out the big legal picture for
their business, answer questions that have been worrying them, and decide what they need to take care of now
and what can wait to help them strategize abouthow to grow their businesses, which is really fun. My
least
favorite part of this career is the litigation. I'11 only file a lawsuit if it's a last resort.
14._
Shai Littlejohn. an attorney and musician in Nashville, Tennessee. I currently have a small law
I'm
practice where I counsel artists and music publishers. It is my only work outside of my songwriter/artist life.
I closed the chapter on a successful law practice in Washington, D.C., because I wanted to focus on what I love
most. I reached a point in my career where I decided to be specific about which clients I accept and what type
of projects I wantio be involved with. It puts an entirely different face on your law practice. The frm part about
7l
being a lawyer is that I get to be involved in new projects that really are dreams I can play a part in helping
come true.
15.
Lyndsay Markley. I'm a Chicago-based personal injury and wrongful death attorney. The best part of my
job is being able to execute societal change. The cases that I typically handle relate to sexual abuse, wrongful
death or serious injury so these individuals need more than just legal advice they need someone to guide
- to support these people and
them through the process with a high level of sensitivity. It's rewarding being able
fight for the compensation that they are rightfully owed.
16.
Stewart Patton. I am a U.S. attorney admitted in Illinois who lives in Belize.I have my own
practice where I do tax planning and compliance- forAmericans who -live or invest abroad, with a special focus
on the digital nomad community. Many of the issues I deal with are very emotional in nature; my clients often
come to me afraid for their futures, e.g., expat entrepreneurs trying to figure out how to structure their business.
I like to take people from scared andlor confused to happy and productive. I dislike dealing with mistrustful or
untrustworthy people. Both of these things make it impossible to actually help someone.
(Adaptedfrom: https;//www.businessnewsdaily.com/B4l7Jawyers-career-pros-cons.html)
Which of the lawyers
A is focused on consulting with business owners and helping them build their business
B believes that it makes one feel satisfied to be good at helping wronged people
C is a creative personality who has preferred high salaries to freedom
D is proud to help families in need dealing with family drama

E places high emphasis on feelings and personality of clients
F dislikes when lawyers' expertise is underestimated by clients

G is engaged in teaching activity
H deals with rich foreigners investing money to live in the USA
Task 4
European Community Law: Working Time Directive
For European citizens in the Union, it is important that work hours are (17) for health and
safety. There are certain rights provided to those within the European Union such as a limited weekly hour
period that must not exceed 48 average hours (18) for any employment week.
Through assessments of various employments, directives are (19) While the businesses
affected wanted more flexibility, the unions requested more effective protections. Several sfudies were initiated
to understand these matters better after the changes prompted by employees and the employers of various
businesses,
Through (20) , the Working Time Directive was put into place. With rest hours mandatory
by both company and employee, the safety is increased and health conditions of the individual are safesuarded
(2r) . Through these rules, it is also possible (22) _ within the company.
(Adapted fr o m : http s : //www. h g. org/art ic I e. asp ?i d : 4 5 4 7 4)
l-
72
A understanding the impact fullY
B being reviewed for frirther changes necessary
C is entitled to rest hours each day
D directed and supervised
E against potential and repeat injuries
F' implementing the new Directive
G worked to include overtime

H to increase efficiency and productivity
rlacrr.rna (Br{KopLIcraHHfl MoBrr>>

Use of English
Task 5
Laws Regarding Dogs in a Grocery Store
Americans love their pets, and more and more businesses are adopting pet-friendly (23) to
win over customers. But mixing animals and food in grocery stores is still a no-no. Most local and state health
department codes prohibit animals in (24) places where food is sold, sewed or consumed. Check
the laws in your city or state to make sure you're in (25) -
Federal law (26) service animals from the rules (27) dogs in grocery stores, but
as a business owner, you're limited in the things you can do to (28) that a dog is a service animal.
If you (29) to someone with a service dog, you could face a lawsuit for violating tenets of the
Americans With Disabilities Act.
Some stores turn a blind eye to (30) , either because they're reluctant to upset customets, or
they can't determine if the family pet is in fact a service dog. Federal law states that stores must allow service
dogs, no (31) _ the local rules regarding other pets. People who use service dogs aren't required to carry
any sort oflicense or certification to (32) that the dog is a service dog.
(Adapted from: http : //smallbusiness. chron. com/

I aw s -re gardin g- do gs - gro cery- s tore- 6 0 6 I 4. html)
23 A steps B actions C policies D laws
24 A private B public C common D social
25 A accordance B obedience C oDServance D compliance
26 A exempts B excuses C frees D delete
)1 A permitting B prohibiting c restraining D prescribing
28 A verifr B confirm C prove D test
29 A withdraw B gam C dismiss D deny

73
30 A cllmes B violations c damage D violence

31 A question B rSSUC C case D mallet
32 A prove B defend c substantiate D support
Task 6
Massachusetts criminal justice bill is welcome reform
(33) Massachusetts Senate recently (34) watershed legislation that, among (35)
things, retroactively reduces mandatory sentences and incorporates young people who are 18 years
old into the juvenile court justice system.
Few studies (36) found a correlation between mandatory sentencing and public safety.
Twenty-nine states have curbed mandatory sentences (37) millions of dollars in prison costs while
crime rates (38) to drop.
Whatever the rate of imprisonment, there (39) a four-fold increase in Massachusetts'
and other (40) prison populations between 1980 and 2015, contributing to (41)
sociologists refer to as "mass imprisonment,"
While the Commonwealth would be the first US state to include (42) 1n its juvenile
justice system, it is hardly alone. Legislators in Connecticut, Illinois, and Vermont have proposed raising
the
age ofjuvenile jurisdiction beyond 1 8.
(Adapted from: https //www. bostonglobe. com/opinion/2 0 I 7 / I I /08/

:
massachusetts-criminal-justice-bill-welcome-reform/aR|gIb26TgNUGNCTkXHtzJ/story.html)
33 A A B The C An D zero article

34 A has been passed B have passed C has passed D had passed
35 A the other B others C other D another
36 A were B had c have been D have
JI A savmg B being saved C having saved D saved
38 A had continued B contrnues C continued D have continued
39 A was B were C is D have been
40 A state B state's C states' D states's
4l A which B that C what's D what
42 A I 8-year-old B 18-year-olds c I 8-years-old D I 8-years-olds
TEGT 10
(c
9acruHa <<rlurannq>>
Reading
Task I
Read the text below. Match choices (A-II) to (1-5). There are three choices you do not need to
Euthanasia a choice for people with disability? It's a threat to our lives
Offering people with disability euthanasia is no act of equality. It's a cruel one-way exit when we,re
locked out ofbasic healthcare.
1.
Legislation has been introduced into the Victorian and New South Wales parliament seeking to become
the first jurisdictions to legalise euthanasia since the Northern Territories brief window in the 1990s. Like
the rest of the community, people with disability debate euthanasia with many views, but a number of us
are genuinely concerned that legalised suicide will encroach on our rights and see the lulnerable among us
subjected to financial, social, emotional and other pressures to take our own lives.
2.
We have cause to be concerned about perverse outcomes if euthanasia is adopted in Australia. In some
countries where it has been introduced euthanasia has been offered to people with mental illness, people with
dementia, twin brothers who were deaf; and even a woman with severe tinnitus.
3.
While the ink has barely dried on the Victorian government's voluntary assisted dying bill, the legislation
introduced by premier Daniel Andrews appears to have embraced the totality of the recommendations of
the report of the Victorian ministerial advisory panel. This is troubling given those recommendations bring
people with disability clearly into scope. The panel recommends that disability "does not satisSz the eligibility
criteria for access to voluntary assisted dying, nor does disability exclude a person from eligibility to access
voluntary assisted dying", while the bill says that a person is not eligible "only because the person has
a disability".
4.
Recommending against excluding people with disability from euthanasia, the panel gave the example of
Tina, a 43-year-old woman with cerebral palsy. "Fully employed as a disability advocate and educator, Tina
lives independently and communicates using a communication tool. Six months ago Tina was diagnosed with
an aggressive cancer for which she has now exhausted all treatment options."
The panel felt that Tina should be offered euthanasia because her request was "voluntary and enduring',.
What's also enduring but decidedly involuntary is the chronic lack of access to our health svstem for manv
people with a disability like Tina's.
5.
Until every person with disability has equal access to screening, prevention and treatment in our health
system, suicide prevention resources, and meaningful altematives to ending it all, offering us euthanasia isn,t
an act of generous equality. It's our Hobson's choice a fake, cruel one-way exit for vulnerable people locked
-
out of basic healthcare and other social and community infrastructure that others take for granted.
(Adapted from: https : //www.theguardian. com/commentisfree/2 0 t 7/

s ep / 2 7 / eut h an a s i a- a- c ho i c e -for -p e op I e -w ith - d i s ab il ity
)
- -:
76
A The panel proposed to exclude the disabled from euthanasia

B Arguments in favour of euthanasia for the disabled
c Negative consequences of euthanasia adopted in Australia
D Prerequisites for genuine parity
E Disability is neither a ground for nor impediment to euthanasia
F Risk of undesirable results
G Entrenchment on rights and legitimation of self-killing
H Public approval of the bill
Task 2
Read the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your
Law Society targets education revolution with new partnerships
The Law Society today sets out to begin reshaping the legal education market the runup to the new
'super-exam' in2020 with the launch of two intemational partnerships.
Chancery Lane has teamed up with US-based training provider BARBzu to offer courses for foreign
lawyers planning to qualifi' as a solicitor of England and Wales. Over 6,500 Society members practise outside
the domestic jurisdiction and2\Yo of all admissions to the roll are via the Qualified Lawyers Transfer Scheme.
At the annual conference of the International Bar Association in Sydney, the Society will also sign
a memorandum of association with the College of Law in Australia and New Zealand. This reflects the fact
that Asia Pacific will be a 'key focus' for member law firms in the post-Brexit era.
As the Solicitors Regulation Authority pushes its deregulation agenda and distances itself from its
traditional role as the guardian of standards, the Law Society is setting out its stall in the gap the regulator is
vacating.
Writing in today's Gazette, membership services Chief Peter Liver says there is a'clear appetite'among
Society members for Chancery Lane to adopt a leadership role in education and training. This has led to the
formulation of a new education strategy which heralds fuither associations and partnerships over the next few
months.
Society president Joe Egan hailed the QLTS partnership with BARBRI as 'the first step' to ensure
the Society is well-placed to reshape the professional legal education market for the Solicitors Qualifying
Examination (SQE) in 2020. 'The introduction of the SQE is intended to further enhance access to our
profession and we are taking the opportunity to work with a quality provider to test out new ideas in leaming
methodology,' he added.
The QLTS Prep by BARBRI offers live and online leaming taught by specialist UK legal academics
and solicitors. The course is presented through an online Personal Study Plan (PSP). The PSP employs an
integrated 'Active Adaptive Legal Learning' system that monitors a candidate's progress and recommends
assignments aligned to their areas of need to optimise study time. Egan added: 'Our members have asked for
our leadership and guidance on how to confront and manage change associated with globalisation, technology
and process innovation, and the regulatory environment. Solicitors see the need to be flexible, commercially
astute and properly equipped with appropriate skills. Our objective is to enhance the quality of training for
existing members and potential members.'
Adapted from: ( https : //www.lawgazette. co.uk/news/

I aw - s o c iety -t ar ge t s - e du c at io n - rev o lut i o n -w it h-new -p ar tn er s hip s)
t'f t',
ta
6. According to paragraph 1 _ what is the main idea of the text?

A Legal training is provided for post-graduate students.
B New qualification exam is implemented in high schools.
C New legal project is implemented in the College of Law in Australia.
D New strategy in the professional legal education market.
7. According to paragraph 2 _who is offered to enter this course?

A This legal training is expected to be the base for local law students.
B The aliens have an opporhrnity of taking new legal specialization.
C This project invites school-leavers to attend the course.
D The creators offer any specialist to enter the training course.
8. According to paragraph 3 _ what countries are involved in the project?

A This training course covers all countries which are members of the uN.
B The participation in this program is envisaged for any country which has ever been the member of
the EU.
C The project is provided for some commonwealth countries.
D The legal training course is aimed for Asian countries.
9. According to paragraph 4 _ what qualification is proposed by the organizers?

A The organizers of the course propose training for lawyers who aim to qualiff to prepare cases and
give advice on legal matters.
B The course is focused on specialists who want to research law.
C Special legal training is provided for the legal practitioners admitted to plead at the higher courts.
D The legal course gives practical training for specialists who will be involved in legal education.
10. According to paragraph 5 which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?
A The courses offer all types of learning taught by specialist legal academics and solicitors.
B The Law Society introduces the Solicitors Qualif ing Examination.
C The training provider offers qualification legal training for aliens.
D The Law Society organizes innovative legal training course with international involvement.
Task 3
Read the text below. Match choices (A-H) to (11-16). There are two choices you do not need
Lawyer job advertisement

11.
R Turner and Associates is currently recruiting a Commercial Lawyer for a Sydney-based law firm. This
well-established firm has built a solid reputation in the industrial relations sector and provides a wide variety
of legal services to commercial clients. In this role you will become part of a large team and will manage your
own portfolio of SME and corporate clients.
12.
Spidey Web Design is a small boutique web design and development agency in Hobarl that creates
innovative and inspiring websites. We have an extensive list of clients, including high profile and government
projects. Our project scope has included websites, redesigns, mobile applications and games. We are looking
for an experienced digital project manager who shares our addiction to all things tech. We are digital diehards
and if you like to be the first to know (or first in line) for the latest in technology, we want to hear from you.
78
13.
Austin Carlisle, located in Sydney's humming CBD, is enjoying substantial growth and is looking to
recruit a talented and enthusiastic corporate lawyer. Working with a friendly team with exceptional pattners,
you'll be given the support you need to fast-track your legal career. Austin Carlisle is one ofAustralia's leading
mid-tier legal firms. Our six-strong legal team has assisted over 60 companies through their public offerings in
Australia, and our international client list is formidable.
14.
Astral Investments is an internationally recognised financial services firm, providing services to financial
institutions, corporations and govemment clients. We hold market leadership positions across a wide range
of financial products and services such as fixed income and debt capital markets, equlty and equity capital
markets, mergers and acquisitions, corporate banking, cotporate strategy and structure, funds administration,
equities research, custody, and treasury and securities services. Due to rapid growth of our client base, we are
currently seeking an experienced fund manager who can take over a portfolio of existing clients throughout
Australia, as well as develop new business opporfunities.
15.
As a Temporary Attorney within our Bodily Injury unit, you will be a member of our insurance defense
litigation team, providing legal representation to Progressive insures and/or to the Progressive Insurance
Companies before courts and arbitration panels in all aspects of litigation. Handling your own cases from
beginning to end, you will also prepare legal pleadings, motions, statements, trial briefs and be involved in
negotiating settlements. You will work closely with our customers and claims team to ensure all appropriate
defenses are leveraged to reach positive outcomes.
16.
The Associate General Counsel (AGC) will be a business-oriented, legal advisor responsible for all
aspects of the Company's legal work. The AGC will be involved in day-to-day operations of the business
and, with the assistance of outside counsel, will assist with corporate governance, compliance, preservation of
intellectual property, employment law mattets, and general litigation. In addition, the AGC will work closely
with the General Counsel to leam the alcohol business, including the Company's interaction with all state
agencies and legislatures in 20 states.
A d up t e d fr o m : (http s: //www. c are erfa q s. c o m. au /c ar e er s /

s amp I e - re s um es- and- c ov e r - I e t t er s / I awy er - s amp Ie -j o b - a dv er ti s em ent)
According to the advertisement the applicant is offered work which involves
A Practice with clients engaged in trade

B Drafting legal document
c Advice on criminal cases
D Supervision over creation of digital products
E Dealing with clients throughout the country and improving the prospects for growth of business
F'' Awide range of responsibilities regarding all legal matters in the Company
G Providing legal assistance in family matters
H Opportunities for rapid career development
79
Task 4
Read the text below. Choose from (A-H) the one which best fits each space (17-22).There
are
two choices you do not need to use. Write your answers on the separaie answer sheet.
UK terror arrests rise 687o to record level during year ofattacks
The number of people arrested for terrorism-linked offences rose 68% to a record
379 inthe l2months
to June, one of the most intense periods for terrorist attacks in recent history.
The Home Office said it (17) of terrorist arrests in a year since records began in
2001' They included 12 arrests linked to the Westminster attack in March, 23 connected
with the Manchester
Arena bombing in May,21 arrests following the London Bridge attack in June and (1g)
to the Finsbury Park van attack soon after.
The Home Office quarlerly bulletin on the police's use of their counter-terorism powers
says 123 of
those (19)
- 105 with terrorism offences - and 189 were released without charge. The rest
were either bailed pending further investigation or faced alternative action. So far,
32 of the 105 charged with
terrorist offences have been prosecuted and found guilty and 68 are awaiting prosecution.
"Thete is no doubt that since March and following the attacks in London and Manchester
we have seen
a shift-change in momentum. But while the terrorist threat (20) months, so has our activity,
reflected by this significant increase in arrests. 'oWe're (21)-
opporfunity to disrupt tenorist
activity - be it making arrests for terrorism offences, intervening where tfro. ui" signs
of radicalisation, or
working with communities to prevent terrorists operating in their area," the deputy assistant
commissioner
said. "Police, (22) services are determined to make the UK as hostile an environment for
terrorists as possible."
Adapted from : (https. //www.theguardian. com/uk-news/2 0 I 7 /sep/ I 4/

u k- t err o r - a*e s t s -r i s e - 6 B - re c ord - I ev e r - dur in g-y e ar - a t t a c ks
)
A what happens when
B arrested were charged
C in any way
D together with security
E one in relation
F' taking every possible

G was the highest number
H has increased in recent

-
80
rlacrnna <<Bunopr.rcraHHfl MoBrD)

Use of English
Task 5
Read the text below. For questions (23-32) choose the correct answer (Ar B, C or D). Write
Attorney general begins inquiry about social media impact on UK trials
Social media may be putting the (23) to a fair trial at risk, according to a public consultation
launched by the government's chief legal adviser. On Friday the attorney general, Jeremy Wright QC, published
a call for evidence to assess the impact of social media on criminal (24) and establish whether extra
reporting restrictions are needed.
The initiative follows recommendations by the senior appeal court (25) , Sir Brian Leveson,
following legal challenges over what could be published about the trial of two schoolgirls who were
eventually convicted of murdering Angela Wrightson in Hartlepool In 2014.
The first trial of the teenagers, who were 13 and 14 atthe time of the killing, was abandoned by the crown
(26) judge amid a torrent of social media comments and abuse that threatened to prejudice the
hearing,
Before the second (27) began there was a legal challenge over restrictions imposed on the
mainstream media. They were eventually partially relaxed but nonetheless prevented reports of the trial being
released on Facebook and compelled editors to disable comments on website message boards.
The case highlighted the increasing problems faced by courts and law (28) officers in
upholding traditional, strict contempt laws designed to ensure that defendants receive a (29) trial.
The Contempt of CourtAct 1981 (30) what can be published before and during a trial. It
is contempt of court to publish anything that creates a "substantial risk that the course of (31)
in the proceedings in question will be seriously impeded or prejudiced, even if there is no (32) to
cause such prejudice".
While journalists are well aware of the traditional restrictions, most of the public posting comments on
social media sites are unaware of such limits. For example, juveniles are not normally named in criminal cases.
23 A right B duty C obligation D limitation

24 A claims B suits C CASES D complaints
25 A secretary B solicitor C judge D paralegal
26 A court B tribunal C commlssron D council

27 A case B trial C appeal D revlew
28 A entorcement B force C police D guard
29 A just B fair c unjust D wrongful

30 A considers B applies C sets out D offers
3l A approval B application C enforcement D justice
32 A purpose B intent c target D desire
Adapted from: (https : //www.theguardian. com/politics/2 0 I 7 hep/ I 5 /

at t or ney - gen er al- b e gin s- inquiry - imp ac t - s o c i al - m e di a- tr i al s)
81
Task 6
Animal cruelty could result in five-year jail sentence under new law
People (33) abuse animals in England now face up to five years in prison under a tough new
crackdown. The move comes after a series of cases in which courts said they would (34) to impose
tougher sentences if they (35) the option. These include instances when a man bought a number
of puppies just to brutally and systematically beat, choke and stab them to death. The new legislation will also
enable courts to deal more effectively (36) ruthless gangs involved in organised dog fights, the
Department of the Environment said,
Under the government's plans, courts will retain the ability to hand out an unlimited fine and ban an
offender from owning animals in the future but they will also have the ability (37) cases more
harshly. "We now (38) that those who commit these acts will soon be receivins sentences that
reflect the seriousness of their crime and hope this will act as a real deterrent (39) cruelty and
neglect.
"The inspectors regularly (40) animals from horrific circumstances of mistreatment, brutality
and neglect. It is only through the prosecutions that we take that many of the perpetrators (41)
to justice. "The strength of feeling behind a move to toughen up these sentences is huge but at the moment the
-
courts are limited by the law under which the (42) sentence for animal cruelty is six months'
imprisonment and an unlimited fine - but this rarely happens.
A d ap t ed fr o m : ( ht tp s : //tuww. t h e gu ard i an. c o m/w o r I d/ 2 0 I 7 /s ep / 3 0 /

animal-cruelty-could-result-in-five-year-jail-sentence-under-new-law)
33 A whose B who C which D who's

34 A have liked B like C been liked D had liked
35 A will have B are having C had D has
36 A with B to C for D above
37 A sentencing B sentenced C sentence D to sentence
38 A are feeling B will feel C feel D felt
39 A in B for c against D before
40 A rescue B will rescue C have rescued D are rescurng
4l A be brought B are brought C are bringing D brought
42 A strong B stronger C smongest D more strong

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CONTENTS

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Corporal Punishment in Modern Schools of the USA

A Contradictions in the US Legislation

Twitter as a Powerful Tool in Forecasting Crime

7. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is true?

9. What does the word 'it'in bold (paragraph 3) refer to?

10. what is Predictive Technology Laboratory specialization?

are two choices you do not need

help you to understand these complex legal issues by teaching

a contract and reviews a scenario about how a contract

According to the advertisements which law course

Northern Irish Police Raid Women's Homes in Crackdown on Abortion Pills

(Adapted from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/northern-ireland-abortion-

A are not entitled to free aborlions

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Criminals to Confess Online

(Adapted from: http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-andiech/

23 A try B plead C charge D accuse

24 A punishments B felonies C penalties D offences

25 A defence lawyers B plaintiffs C defendants D witnesses

26 A accept B adopt C agree D deny

)1 A damage B compensation C reward D tribute

28 A therein B thereinafter C thereinbefore D therefore

29 A single B lonely C alone D only

30 A confirm B enforce C restrict D rmpose

31 A securement B safety C security D safeness

32 A obligatory B voluntary c binding D compulsory

Should Mind Reading Technology Be Used in Court?

(Adapted from: http : //www. independent. co. uk/news /s cience/

33 A charged B has charged c is charged D had been charged

High Court Rejects Assisted Suicide Law Change

(Adapted fro m: http : //www. christianconcern. com/our- concerns /

Catalan Crisis: Spanish Court Bars MPs'Independence Move

(Adapted from: http: //www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-4 I 5 I 43981

7. In the second paragraph it is said that

8. The court's ruling is a response to the claim of

9. In paragraph 4 it is mentioned that

10. What is TRUE about Catalan's voting?

Las Vegas Shooting: Paddock May Have Planned to Escape

(Adapted from: http: //www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-4 I 5 I I 666 t

the Open Question of a Possible Assistant

MSPs Vote in Support of Ban on Wild Animals in Circuses in Scotland

"There is much (19) to improve this bill so we have a proper ban.

(Adapted from: https://www.sundaypost.com/fu/msps-vote-support-ban-wild-animals-c

observes all political parties coming together in support of this Bill

9acruHa ttBurcopucTaHHfl MoBI{tt

Canada Convicts Who Escaped from Prison Caught in Escape Room

The pair was quickly (31)

(A dapte d from : http, //www. b b c. c om /new s /w orl d-us -c anada- 4 I 5 I 6 6I 2 )

23 A escaped B disappeared C left D avoided

24 A saw B traced C viewed D observed

25 A Because of B In case of c Despite D During

28 A visit B recelve C appoint D arrest

29 A criminal B typical c offencive D enforceable

30 A a defence lawyer B ajudge c a prosecutor D police

31 A apprehended B taken C observed D noticed

32 A a jail B a courtroom C a hospital D conference-hall

Man Arrested after Threat at Regents Park Community College