1

Some Basic
Concepts in Chemistry
Weight of 45 mL ofH2 = V × d
TOPIC 1 = 0.045 × 0.089
Ans. (c)
According to Avogadro’s law “equal
Nature of Matter, Significant = 4.005 × 10 −3 g volumes of all gases contain equal
Figures and Laws of Chemical Therefore, vapour density number of molecules under similar
Combinations =
Weight of certain volume of substance conditions of temperature and
Weight of same volume of hydrogen pressure.” Thus, if 1 L of one gas
01 The number of significant figures 0.24 contains N molecules, 2 L of any gas
= = 59.93 under similar conditions will contain
for the three numbers 161 cm, 0.161 4005
. × 10 – 3
2 N molecules.
cm, 0.0161 cm are
[CBSE AIPMT 1998] 03 In the final answer of the
(a) 3,4 and 5 respectively expression TOPIC 2
(b) 3,4 and 4 respectively
(29.2 − 20.2) (1.79 × 10 5 ) Atomic Mass, Molecular
(c) 3,3 and 4 respectively
(d) 3,3 and 3 respectively 1.37 Mass and Formulae of
Ans. (d) the number of significant figures Compounds
(i) All non-zero digits are significant. is [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(ii) Non-zero digits to the right of the (a) 1 (b) 2 05 An organic compound contains
decimal point are significant. (c) 3 (d) 4 78% (by wt.) carbon and remaining
(iii) Zeroes to the left of the first Ans. (c) percentage of hydrogen. The right
non-zero digit in a number are not
significant.
On calculation we find option for the empirical formula of
(29.2 − 20.2) (1.79 × 10 5 ) this compound is [At. wt. of C is 12,
So, the number of significant figures = 1.17 × 10 6
for the numbers 161 cm, 0.161 cm and 1.37 H is 1] [NEET 2021]
0.0161 cm are same, i.e. 3. As the least precise number contains (a) CH (b) CH2
3 significant figures, therefore answer (c) CH 3 (d) CH 4
02 0.24 g of a volatile gas, upon should also contains 3 significant
figures. Ans. (c)
vaporisation, gives 45 mL vapour at
Simplest
NTP. What will be the vapour 04 The molecular weight of O 2 and Atomic
Relative Simple
whole
density of the substance? Element % number ratio of
SO 2 are 32 and 64 respectively. At mass number
of moles moles
(Density of H2 = 0.089) 15°C and 150 mmHg pressure, 1 L of
ratio
[CBSE AIPMT 1996] 78 6.5
O 2 contains ‘N ’ molecules. The C 78 12 = 6.5 =1 1
(a) 95.93 (b) 59.93 number of molecules in 2L of SO 2 12 6.5
(c) 95.39 (d) 5.993
under the same conditions of H 22 1 22
= 22
22
= 3
Ans. (b)
temperature and pressure will be 1 6.5
Weight of gas = 0.24 g [CBSE AIPMT 1990] 3.3
Volume of gas (V ) = 45 mL = 0.045 L (a) N/2 (b) N The empirical formula of the organic
Density of H2 (d ) = 0.089 (c) 2 N (d) 4 N compound is CH3.
06 The number of protons, neutrons Thus, the empirical formula of the 12 An organic compound contains
and electrons in 175 compound is CH3O.
71 Lu, C = 40%,O = 53.34% and
respectively, are [NEET (Sep.) 2020] H =6.60%. The empirical formula
09 An element, X has the following
(a) 104, 71 and 71 (b) 71, 71 and 104 of the compound is
isotopic composition: [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
(c) 175, 104 and 71 (d) 71, 104 and 71 200
Ans. (d)
X : 90%, 199 X : 8.0%, (a) CH2O (b) CHO
202
175
X :2.0% (c) CH4O2 (d) C2H2O
In 71 Lu,
The weighted average atomic Ans. (a)
Mass number (A) = 175 = n + p
mass of the naturally occurring
Atomic number (Z) = 71 = p = e −

Element
element X is closest to
∴ Number of protons = 71 % At. wt. Molar ratio
Simple
[CBSE AIPMT 2007] ratio
Number of neutrons
(a) 201 u (b) 202 u
= A − Z = 175 − 71 = 104
(c) 199 u (d) 200 u C 40 12 40 3.33
Number of electrons = 71 = 3.33 = 1
Ans. (d) 12 3.33
07 Suppose the elements X and Y Weight of 200 X = 0.90 × 200 = 180.00 u H 6.60 1 6.60 6.60
= 6.60 =2
combine to form two compounds Weight of 199 X = 0.08 × 199 = 15.92u 1 3.33
XY 2 and X 3Y 2 . When 0.1 mole of XY Weight of 202 X = 0.02 × 202 = 4.04u 3.33
O 53.3 16 53.34 =1
Total weight = 199.96 ≈ 200 u = 3.33
2 weighs 10 g and 0.05 mole of 4 16 3.33
X 3Y 2 weighs 9 g, the atomic
weights of X and Y are 10 Which of the following is Hence, empirical formula is
isoelectronic? [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
[NEET Phase II 2016] C : H : O = 1 : 2 : 1 = CH2O
(a) 40, 30(b) 60, 40(c) 20, 30(d) 30, 20 (a) CO2 , NO2
Ans. (a) (b) NO2–, CO2 13 Boron has two stable isotopes, 10 B
(c) CN–, CO (19%) and 11 B (81%). Calculate
Let atomic masses of X and Y be AX and
AY , respectively (d) SO2 , CO2 average atomic weight of boron in
10 Ans. (c) the periodic table.
For XY2 , nXY2 = 0.1 =
AX + 2AY CN− and CO are isoelectronic because [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
or AX + 2AY = 100 …(i) they have equal number of electrons. (a) 10.8 (b) 10.2
For X3Y2 , nX Y2 = 0.05 =
9 InCN− the number of electrons (c) 11.2 (d) 10.0
3
3AX + 2AY = 6 + 7 + 1 = 14 Ans. (a)
or 3AX + 2AY = 180 …(ii) In CO the number of electrons Average of atomic weight
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get, = 6 + 8 = 14
% of 10
B × atomic mass of 10 B + % of 11B
A X = 40 g mol −1 ⇒ A Y = 30 g mol −1 × atomic mass of 11B
11 An organic compound containing C, =
H and N gave the following results % of 10 B + % of 11B
08 An organic compound contains
on analysis C = 40%, 19 × 10 + 81 × 11
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Its =
H = 13.33%, N = 46.67%. Its 19 + 81
elemental analysis gave C, 38.71%
empirical formula would be 190 + 891
and H, 9.67%. The empirical [CBSE AIPMT 2002, 1999, 98] = = 10.81
formula of the compound would be 100
(a) C2 H7 N2 (b) CH5 N
[CBSE AIPMT 2008]
(c) CH4 N (d) C2 H7 N 14 While extracting an element from
(a) CH3O (b) CH2O (c) CHO (d) CH4O
Ans. (c) its ore, the ore is grind and leached
Ans. (a)
Table for empirical formula with dil. KCN solution to form the
Element

% At. Molar Simple soluble product potassium

Element

abundance wt. ratio ratio

%
At.
Molar ratio
Simple argento- cyanide. The element is
wt. ratio [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
C 38.71 12 38.71 = 3.23 3.23 = 1 (a) lead
12 3.23 C 40.00 12 40 3.33
= 3.33 =1 (b) chromium
12 3.33 (c) manganese
H 9.67 1 9.67 9.67 (d) silver
= 9.67 =3 H 13.33 1 13.33 13.33
1 3.23 = 13.33 =4
1 3.33 Ans. (d)
46.67 3.33 Silver metal is extracted from the
O [100 – (38.71 16 51.62 = 3.23 3.23 = 1 N 46.67 14 = 3.33 =1
14 3.33 argentite ore Ag2S by cyanide process. In
+ 9.67)] 16 3.23
this method, the concentrated ore is
= 51.62 treated with dilute solution of potassium
Hence, empirical formula is CH4N.
 cyanide, then a soluble complex 17 Which one of the followings has Number of molecules of water
potassium dicyanoargentate (I) is formed = 0.01 × N A
maximum number of atoms?
which when reacted with zinc, silver is (iii) 0.00224 L of water vapours at 1 atm
[NEET (Sep.) 2020]
extracted as a ppt. and 273 K. At STP [1 atm and 273 K],
(a) 1 g of Mg(s ) [Atomic mass of Mg = 24]
Ag2S + 4KCN → 2K[Ag(CN)2 ] + Na2S Number of moles [with reference to
(b) 1 g of O2 (g) [Atomic mass of O = 16]
2K[Ag(CN)2 ] + Zn → K2 [Zn(CN) 4 ] volume]
(c) 1 g of Li(s ) [Atomic mass of Li = 7] Volume of gas in litres
+ 2Ag ↓ (d) 1 g of Ag(s ) [Atomic mass of Ag = 108] =
22.4
Ans. (c) 0.00224
15 A metal oxide has the formula = = 0.0001
Z 2O 3. It can be reduced by Number of atoms (n) 22.4
Mass in g (1 g) × Atomicity of Number of molecules of water
hydrogen to give free metal and
the molecule = 0.0001 × NA
water. 0.1596 g of the metal oxide = × NA
Gram molar mass (M) (iv) 10 −3 mol of water
requires 6 mg of hydrogen for Number of molecules of water
[QN A = Avogadro’s number]
complete reduction. The atomic Atomicity = 10 −3 × N A
weight of the metal is ⇒ n∝
M ∴ Among the given options, option (i)
[CBSE AIPMT 1989] contains the maximum number of water
1
(a) 27.9 (b) 159.6 (a) nMg = molecules.
24
(c) 79.8 (d) 55.8 2 1
Ans. (d) (b) nO = = 19 If Avogadro number N A , is changed
32 16
Z2O3 + 3H2 → 2 Z + 3H2O 1 from 6.022 × 10 23 mol −1 to
(c) nLi =
Q 6 × 10 −3 g H2 reduces = 0.1596 g of Z2O3 7 6.022 × 10 20 mol −1 this would
0.1596 (d) nAg =
1 change [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
∴ 1 g H2 reduces = g Z2O 3
6 × 10 –3 108 (a) the definition of mass in units of
= 26.6 g of Z2O 3 So, nLi > nO > nMg > nAg grams
(b) the mass of one mole of carbon
∴ Equivalent weight of Z2O 3 =26.6
18 In which case is the number of (c) the ratio of chemical species to each
Equivalent weight of Z + Equivalent molecules of water maximum? other in a balanced equation
weight of O = 26.6 (d) the ratio of elements to each other in
[NEET 2018]
Equivalent weight of Z + 8 = 26.6 (a) 0.00224 L of water vapours at 1 atm
a compound
Equivalent weight of Z = (26.6 – 8) = 18.6 and 273 K Ans. (b)
Valency of metal inZ2O3 =3 (b) 0.18 g of water If Avogadro numberN A , is changed from
Equivalent weigh (c) 18 mL of water 6.022 × 1023 mol − 1 to 6.022 × 1020 mol − 1,
Atomic weight (d) 10 −3 mol of water this would change the mass of one mole
= of carbon.
Valency Ans. (c)
Q 1 mole of carbon has mass = 12 g
Atomic weight Number of molecules = Mole ×
Avogadro’s number (N A ) or 6.022 × 1023 atoms of carbon have
= 18.6 × 3 = 55.8 mass = 12 g
The number of molecules of water in
each of the given options is calculated ∴6.022 × 1020 atoms of carbon have
TOPIC 3 as mass
12
Mole Concept and (i) 18 mL of water = × 6.022 × 1020 = 0.012 g
Number of moles (nH 2 O ) 6.022 × 1023
Concentration Terms Mass of substance in g (wH 2 O )
= 20 How many grams of concentrated
16 One mole of carbon atom weighs 12 Molar mass in g mol −1 (MH 2 O ) nitric acid solution should be used
g, the number of atoms in it is wH 2 O = 18g to prepare 250 mL of 2.0 M HNO 3 ?
equal to, (Mass of carbon -12 is [QDensity of water (dH 2 O ) = 1 g L−1] The concentrated acid is 70%
1.9926 × 10 −23 g) [NEET (Oct.) 2020] 18 HNO 3 .
∴ nH 2 O = = 1 [NEET 2013]
(a) 1.2 × 1023 (b) 6.022 × 1022 18 (a) 45.0 g conc. HNO 3
(c) 12 × 1022 (d) 6.022 × 1023 Number of molecules of water (b) 90.0 g conc. HNO 3
Ans. (d) = 1 × NA (c) 70.0 g conc. HNO 3
(ii) 0.18 g of water (d) 54.0 g conc. HNO 3
1 mole of carbon atoms weight 12 g, its
wH O 0.18
contains Avogadro number of carbon nH 2 O = 2 = = 0.01 Ans. (a)
atoms, i.e. 6022
. × 1023 number of carbon MH 2 O 18 Given, molarity of solution = 2
atoms.
Volume of solution = 250mL
 250 1 23 Volume occupied by one molecule 25 Percentage of Se in peroxidase
= = L
1000 4 of water (density = 1 g cm −3 ) is anhydrase enzyme is 0.5% by weight
Molar mass of [CBSE AIPMT 2008] (at. weight = 78.4), then minimum
HNO3 = 1 + 14 + 3 × 16 = 63 g mol −1 (a) 9.0 × 10−23 cm3 molecular weight of peroxidase
Q Molarity (b) 6.023 × 10−23 cm3 anhydrase enzyme is
=
Weight of HNO3 (c) 3.0 × 10−23 cm3 [CBSE AIPMT 2001]
Molecular mass of HNO3 (d) 5.5 × 10−23 cm3 (a) 1.568 × 103 (b) 15.68
× volume of solution (L) Ans. (c) (c) 2.168 × 104 (d) 1.568 × 104
∴Weight of 1 mole = 6.023 × 1023 molecule Ans. (d)
HNO3 = molarity × molecular mass 18 g = 6.02 × 1023 molecule Suppose the molecular weight of
× volume (L) 18 g = mass of 6.02 × 1023 enzyme = x
1
= 2 × 63 × g water molecules 0.5% by weight means in 100 g of
4 enzyme weight of Se = 0.5 g
Mass of one water molecule
= 31.5 g 0.5
18 ∴ In x g of enzyme weight of Se = ×x
It is the weight of 100%HNO3 = g
6.023 × 1023 100
But the given acid is 70%HNO3 0.5 × x
100 Density = 1g cm–3 Hence, . =
784
∴ Its weight = 31. 5 × g Mass of one water molecule 100
70 Volume =
Density ∴ x = 15680
= 45 g
18 = 1.568 × 10 4
= cm3
20
21 6.02 × 10 molecules of urea are 6.023 × 1023 × 1
≈ 3.0 × 10 −23 cm3
26 The number of atoms in 4.25 g of
present in 100 mL of its solution.
NH3 is approximately
The concentration of solution is [CBSE AIPMT 1999]
[NEET 2013] 24 The maximum number of
molecules are present in (a) 4 × 1023 (b) 2 × 1023
(a) 0.02 M (b) 0.01 M
[CBSE AIPMT 2004] (c) 1 × 1023 (d) 6 × 1023
(c) 0.001 M (d) 0.1 M
(a) 15 L of H2 gas at STP Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
(b) 5 L of N2 gas at STP Weight of NH3 = 4.25 g
Given, number of molecules of urea
= 602
. × 1020 (c) 0.5 g of H2 gas Number of moles of
(d) 10 g of O2 gas Weight
. × 1020
602 NH3 =
∴ Number of moles = Ans. (a) Molecular weight
NA
4.25
. × 1020
602
In 15 L of H2 gas at STP, = = 0.25 mol
= the number of molecules 17
6023
. × 1023 Number of molecules in 0.25 mole ofNH3
6.023 × 1023
= 0.999 × 10 −3 = × 15 = 0.25 × 6.023 × 1023
~− 1 × 10 −3 mol 22.4
So, number of atoms
Volume of the solution = 4.033 × 1023 = 4 × 0.25 × 6.023 × 1023
100 In 5 L of N2 gas at STP,
= 100 mL = L = 0.1 L = 60
. × 1023
1000 the number of molecules
Concentration of urea solution (in molL−1) 6.023 × 1023 × 5 27 Haemoglobin contains 0.33% of iron
=
1 × 10 −3 by weight. The molecular weight of
= mol L−1 22.4
0.1 haemoglobin is approximately
= 1.344 × 1023
= 1 × 10 −2 mol L−1 67200 g. The number of iron atoms
In 0.5 g of H2 gas,
= 0.01 mol L−1 (at. weight of Fe is 56) present in one
the number of molecules
molecule of haemoglobin are
22 The number of atoms in 0.1 mole of 6.023 × 1023 × 0.5
= [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
a triatomic gas is 2
(a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 2
(N A = 6.023 × 10 23 mol −1 ) = 1.505 × 1023 Ans. (c)
[CBSE AIPMT 2010] In 10 g of O2 gas,
Q 0.33 % of iron by weight means 100 g
(a) 6.026 × 1022 (b) 1.806 × 1023 the number of molecules of haemoglobin has 0.33 g of iron
(c) 3.600 × 1023 (d) 1.800 × 1022 6.023 × 1023 × 10
= 100 g of haemoglobin contains iron
Ans. (b) 32 = 0.33 g
Number of atoms = number of moles ∴ 67200 g of haemoglobin contains iron
= 1.882 × 1023
× NA × atomicity 0.33 × 67200
Hence, maximum number of molecules = g
= 0.1 × 6.023 × 1023 × 3 100
are present in 15 L ofH2 at STP.
= 1.806 × 1023 atoms = 221.76 g of Fe
 221.76 Ans. (b) Ans. (d)
Number of Fe-atoms =
56 6.023 × 1023 molecules of CO At NTP 22400 cc ofN2O contains
= 3.96 ≈ 4 = 1 mole of CO = 6.02 × 1023 molecules
6.02 × 1024 molecules of CO ∴1 cc N2O will contain
28 The number of moles of oxygen in 1 = 10 moles of CO 6.02 × 1023
L of air containing 21% oxygen by = 10 g atoms of O = 5 g molecules of O2 = molecules
22400
volume, under standard conditions,
In N2O molecule, number of atoms
is [CBSE AIPMT 1995] 32 The number of oxygen atoms in
=2+ 1=3
(a) 0.0093 mole (b) 2.10 moles 4.4 g of CO 2 is [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
Thus, number of atoms
(c) 0.186 mole (d) 0.21 mole (a) 1.2 × 10 23 (b) 6 × 10 22
(c) 6 × 10 23 (d) 12 × 10 23 3 × 6.02 × 1023
Ans. (a) = atoms
22400
Volume of oxygen in 1 L of air Ans. (a)
1.8 × 1022
=
21
× 1000 = 210 mL 1 mole of CO2 = 44 g of CO2 = atoms
224
100 = 6.023 × 1023 molecules
Q 22400 mL volume at STP is occupied ∴ 4.4 g of CO2 = 0.1 mole of CO2 In N2O molecule, number of electrons
by oxygen = 1 mole = 6.023 × 0.1 × 1023 molecules = 7 + 7 + 8 = 22
Therefore, number of moles occupied = 6.023 × 1022 molecules Hence, number of electrons
by 210 mL = 6.023 × 1022 molecules of O2 6.02 × 1023
210 = 2 × 6.023 × 1022 atoms of O = × 22 electrons
= = 0.0093 mol 22400
22400 ≈ 1.2 × 1023 atoms of O
1.32 × 1023
= electrons
33 Ratio of C p and C V of a gas ‘ X ’ is 224
29 The percentage weight of Zn in
white vitriol [ZnSO4 ⋅ 7H2O] is 1:4. The number of atoms of the 35 At STP, the density of CCl 4 vapour
approximately equal to gas ‘ X ’ present in 11.2 L of it at NTP
(at. mass of Zn = 65, S = 32,O = 16 in g/L will be nearest to
will be [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
[CBSE AIPMT 1988]
and H= 1) [CBSE AIPMT 1995] (a) 6.02 × 1023 (b) 1.2 × 1023 (a) 6.87 (b) 3.42 (c) 10.26 (d) 4.57
(a) 33.65% (b) 32.56% (c) 3.01 × 1023 (d) 2.01 × 1023
(c) 23.65% (d) 22.65% Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)
Ans. (d)
For the gas X ratio of C p /C V = 1 : 4 1 mole CCl 4 vapours
Molecular weight of
So, the gas X is diatomic. = 12 + 4 × 35.5 = 154 g
ZnSO4 ⋅ 7H2O= 65 + 32+ (4 × 16) + 7 (18)
At NTP, volume of 1 mole of a gas At STP, volume of 1 mole of a gas
= 287
= 22.4 L = 22.4 L
65
∴ Percentage weight of Zn = × 100 1 mole of a gas = 6.023 × 1023 molecules
287 Thus, 154 g = 22.4 L
Thus, at NTP 22.4 L contains 154
= 22.65% ∴ Density of CCl 4 vapours = g L–1
= 6.023 × 1023 molecules 22.4
30 The total number of valence So, at NTP 11.2 L contains = 6.87 g L–1
electrons in 4.2 g of N −3 ion is (NA is 6.023 × 1023 × 11.2
= molecules
the Avogadro’s number) 22.4 TOPIC 4
[CBSE AIPMT 1994]
= 301
. × 1023 molecules
(a) 2.1 N A (b) 4.2 N A (c) 1.6 N A (d) 3.2 N A Stoichiometric and
Hence, number of atoms of gas ‘X ’
Ans. (c) (diatomic) Volumetric Calculations
4.2
Moles of N−3 ion = = 0.1 = 3.01 × 1023 × 2 atoms
42 36 The number of moles of hydrogen
= 6.02 × 1023 atoms molecules required to produce 20
Each nitrogen atom has 5 valence
electrons. Therefore, total number of moles of ammonia through Haber’s
electrons inN−3 ion = 16 34 1 cc N 2O at NTP contains process is [NEET (National) 2019]
Total number of electrons in 0.1 mole or [CBSE AIPMT 1988] (a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 10
4.2 g of N−3 ion = 0.1 × 16 × N A = 1.6 N A 1.8
(a) × 1022 atoms Ans. (b)
224
According to Haber’s process,
31 The number of gram molecules of 6.02
(b) × 1023 molecules N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) - 2NH3 (g)
oxygen in 6.02 × 10 24 CO molecules 22400
Now, according to above equations
is [CBSE AIPMT 1990] 1.32
(c) × 1023 electrons 2 moles of ammonia (NH3) require = 3
(a) 10 g molecules (b) 5 g molecules 224 moles of H2
(c) 1 g molecule (d) 0.5 g molecule (d) All of the above ∴ 1 mole of NH3 require = 3 /2 moles of H2
 3 NaCl in equal volume with the help of
or, 20 moles of NH3 require = × 20 40 1.0 g of magnesium is burnt with
2 mole concept.
0.56 g of oxygen in a closed vessel.
moles of H2 = 30 moles of H2 . 16.9% solution of AgNO3 means 16.9 g
AgNO3 is present in 100 mL solution. Which reactant is left in excess and
Note Involvement of any limiting
∴8.45 g AgNO3 will be present in 50 mL how much? [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
reagent is not mentioned in question.
solution. (At. weight of Mg = 24, O = 16)
37 20.0 g of a magnesium carbonate Similarly, (a) Mg, 0.16 g
sample decomposes on heating to 5.8 g NaCl is present in 100 mL solution (b) O2 , 0.16 g
give carbon dioxide and 8.0 g ∴2.9 g NaCl is present in 50 mL solution (c) Mg, 0.44 g
magnesium oxide. What will be the AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3 (d) O2 , 0.28 g
percentage purity of magnesium Initial mole Ans. (a)
8.45 2.9 The balanced chemical equation is
carbonate in the sample? 0 0
(Atomic weight of Mg = 24) 169.8 58.5 1
Mg + O2 → MgO
[CBSE AIPMT 2015] =0.049 = 0.049 2
(a) 75 (b) 96 (c) 60 (d) 84 After reaction 24 g 16 g 40 g
Ans. (d) 0 0 0.049 0.049 From the above equation, it is clear that,
∴Mass of AgCl precipitated 24 g of Mg reacts with 16 g ofO2 .
Key Concept In the given problem we
have provided practical yield of MgO. For = 0.049 × 143.5 = 7 g Thus, 1.0 g of Mg reacts with
calculation of percentage yield of MgO, 16
g of O2 = 0.67 g of O2 .
we need theoretical yield of MgO. For 39 When 22.4 L of H2 (g) is mixed with 24
this we shall use mole concept.
11.2 L of Cl 2 (g), each at STP, the But only 0.56 g ofO2 is available which is
MgCO3( s ) → MgO( s ) + CO2 ( g ) …(i) less than 0.67 g. Thus,O2 is the limiting
moles of HCl(g) formed is equal to
Weight in gram reagent.
Moles of MgCO3 = [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
Molecular weight (a) 1 mole of HCl (g) Further, 16 g ofO2 reacts with 24 g of Mg.
20 ∴ 0.56 g of O2 will react with Mg
= = 0.238 mol (b) 2 moles of HCl (g)
84 24
(c) 0.5 mole of HCl (g) = × 0 . 56
From Eq. (i) (d) 1.5 moles of HCl (g) 16
1 mole of MgCO3 gives = 1 mol MgO Ans. (a) = 0 . 84 g
∴0.238 moleMgCO3 will give The given problem is related to the ∴ Amount of Mg left unreacted
= 0.238 mol MgO concept of stoichiometry of chemical = (1.0 − 0.84) g Mg
equations. Thus, we have to convert the = 0.16 g Mg
= 0.238 × 40 g
given volumes into their moles and then,
= 9.52 g MgO identify the limiting reagent [possessing 41 10 g of hydrogen and 64 g of
Now, practical yield ofMgO = 8 g minimum number of moles and gets oxygen were filled in a steel vessel
8 completely used up in the reaction]. The and exploded. Amount of water
∴ % purity = × 100 = 84%
9.52 limiting reagent gives the moles of
product formed in the reaction.
produced in this reaction will be
Alternate Method [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
MgCO3 → MgO + CO2 H2 ( g ) + Cl2 ( g ) → 2HCl ( g )
(a) 2 moles (b) 3 moles
84 g 40 g Initial vol. 22.4 L 11.2 L 2 mol (c) 4 moles (d) 1 mole
84
∴8 g MgO will be form from g Q 22.4 L volume at STP is occupied by
5 Ans. (c)
84 100 Cl2 = 1 mole 1
∴ % purity = × = 84% H2 + O2 → H2O
5 20 ∴ 11.2 L volume will be occupied by 2
1 × 11.2 1 mol
1
mol 1 mol
Cl2 = mol = 0.5 mol 2
38 What is the mass of precipitate 22.4 10 64
mol mol ?
formed when 50 mL of 16.9% 22.4 L volume at STP is occupied byH2 2 32
= 1 mol 5 mol 2mol
solution of AgNO 3 is mixed with 50
mL of 5.8% NaCl solution? Thus, H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g) 1
Q mole of O2 gives = 1 mole of H2O
1 mol 0.5 mol 2
(Ag = 107.8,N = 14, O = 16,
Since, Cl2 possesses minimum number ∴ 2 moles of O2 will give = 1 × 2 × 2
Na = 23,Cl = 35.5) of moles, thus it is the limiting reagent.
= 4 moles of water
[CBSE AIPMT 2015] As per equation,
(a) 28 g (b) 3.5 g 1 mole of Cl2 = 2 moles of HCl 42 How many moles of lead (II)
(c) 7 g (d) 14 g ∴ 0.5 mole of Cl2 = 2 × 0.5 mole of HCl chloride will be formed from a
Ans. (c) = 1.0 mole of HCl reaction between 6.5 g of PbO and
Plan For the calculation of mass of AgCl Hence, 1.0 mole ofHCl (g) is produced by 3.2 g of HCl? [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
precipitated, we find mass of AgNO3 and 0.5 mole of Cl2 [or 11.2 L]. (a) 0.044 (b) 0.333 (c) 0.011 (d) 0.029
 Ans. (d) 45 The number of moles of KMnO 4 Q For 108 g of Al, 36 g of C is required in
PbO + 2HCl → PbCl2 + H2O that will be needed to react with above reaction.
207 + 16 2 × 36.5 one mole of sulphite ion in acidic ∴For270 × 10 3 g of Al required amount of C
(1 mol)
= 223 = 73 solution is 36
(1 mol) (2 mol) [CBSE AIPMT 2007] = × 270 × 10 3
(a) 4/5 (b) 2/5 108
6.5
Mole of PbO = = 0.029 (c) 1 (d) 3/5 = 90 × 10 3 g = 90 kg
223
Ans. (b)
3.2
Mole of HCl = = 0.087
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2MnSO4
48 In Haber process 30L of dihydrogen
36.5
+ 3H2O + 5[O]
and 30L of dinitrogen were taken
Since, 1 mole of PbO reacts with 2 moles
of HCl, thus in this reaction PbO is the [MnO–4 + 8H+ + 5e – → Mn2 + + 4H2O] × 2
for reaction which yielded only 50%
of the expected product. What will
limiting reagent. [SO23– + H2O → SO24– + 2H+ + 2 e − ] × 5
Hence, 1 mole of PbO forms be the composition of gaseous
2 MnO–4 + 6H+ + 5SO23– → 2Mn2 + + 5 SO24–
= 1 mole of PbCl2 mixture under the aforesaid
0.029 mole of PbO will form = 0.029 mole + 3H2O condition in the end?
of PbCl2 5 moles of sulphite ions react with [CBSE AIPMT 2003]
= 2 moles of MnO–4 (a) 20 L ammonia, 10 L nitrogen, 30 L
43 What volume of oxygen gas (O 2 ) So, 1 mole of sulphite ions react with hydrogen
2 (b) 20 L ammonia, 25 L nitrogen, 15 L
measured at 0°C and 1 atm, is = moles of MnO−4 .
5 hydrogen
needed to burn completely 1L of (c) 20 L ammonia, 20 L nitrogen, 20 L
propane gas (C 3H8 ) measured hydrogen
46 The number of moles of KMnO 4
under the same conditions? (d) 10 L ammonia, 25 L nitrogen,
[CBSE AIPMT 2008]
reduced by one mole of KI in 15 L hydrogen
(a) 7 L (b) 6 L alkaline medium is Ans. (d)
[CBSE AIPMT 2005]
(c) 5 L (d) 10 L N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
(a) one fifth (b) five
Ans. (c) 1V 3V 2V
(c) one (d) two 10 L 30 L 20 L
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O Ans. (c)
As only 50% of the expected product is
22.4 L 5 × 22.4 L In alkaline medium,KMnO4 is reduced to formed, hence only 10 L ofNH3 is formed.
For the combustion of 22.4 L propane, K2MnO4
Thus, for the production of 10 L ofNH3, 5
oxygen required = 5 × 22.4 L KI + H2O → KOH + HI L of N2 and 15 L of H2 are used and
For the combustion of 1 L of propane +7 +6
composition of gaseous mixture under
2KMnO4 + 2KOH → 2K2 MnO4
oxygen required the aforesaid condition in the end is
5 × 22.4 + H2O + [O]
= L = 5L H2 = 30 − 15 = 15 L
22.4 Hence, one mole ofKMnO4 is reduced by
one mole of KI. N2 = 30 − 5 = 25 L
NH3 = 10 L
44 Number of moles of MnO–4 required
47 The mass of carbon anode
to oxidise one mole of ferrous consumed (giving only carbon 49 Which has maximum number of
oxalate completely in acidic dioxide) in the production of 270 kg molecules? [CBSE AIPMT 2002]
medium will be [CBSE AIPMT 2008] of aluminium metal from bauxite by (a) 7 g N2 (b) 2 g H2
(a) 0.6 mole (b) 0.4 mole the Hall process is (c) 16 g NO2 (d) 16 g O2
(c) 7.5 moles (d) 0.2 mole (at. mass of Al = 27) Ans. (b)
Ans. (b) [CBSE AIPMT 2005] In 7 g nitrogen, number of molecules
In acidic mediumMnO−4 oxidises ferrous (a) 180 kg (b) 270 kg (c) 540 kg(d) 90 kg 7.0
= mol
oxalate as follows: Ans. (d) 28
2MnO–4 + 5C2O24– + 16H+ → 2Mn2 +
In Hall and Heroult process, = 0.25 × NA molecules
+ 10CO2 + 8H2O
2 Al2O3 + 4C → 4 Al + 2CO2 + 2CO where, N A = Avogadro numbe
Q 5 moles of oxalate ions are oxidised by
2 moles of MnO−4 . but for the removal of only CO2 , following = 6.023 × 1023
equation is possible. 2.0
∴ 1 mole of oxalate ion is oxidised by In 2 g of H2 = mol
2 2 Al2O3 + 3C → 4Al + 3CO2 2
= mole of MnO−4 = 0.4 mole of MnO–4
3 × 12 4 × 27
5
= 108 = 1 × N A molecules
= 36
 16.0 Ans. (c)
In 16 g of NO2 = mol 53 What is the weight of oxygen
46 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4NO(g) +6H2O(l ) required for the complete
= 0.348 × NA molecules 4 mol 5 mol 4 mol 6 mol combustion of 2.8 kg of ethylene?
In 16 g of According to equation, [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
16
O2 = mol = 0.5 × NA molecules 5 moles of O2 required = 4 moles of NH3 (a) 2.8 kg (b) 6.4 kg
32 1 mole of O2 requires (c) 9.6 kg (d) 96 kg
Hence, maximum number of molecules 4 Ans. (c)
= = 0.8 mole of NH3
are present in 2 g ofH2 . 5
C2H4 + 3O2 → 2CO2
5
While 1 mole ofNH3 requires = 12 × 2 + 4 × 1 16 × 6
50 Assuming fully decomposed, the 4 =28 g = 96 g + 2H2O
volume of CO 2 released at STP on = 1.25 moles of O2
heating 9.85 g of BaCO 3 (at. mass As there is 1 mole ofNH3 and 1 mole ofO2 ,
Q For the combustion of 28 × 10 −3 kg of
of Ba = 137) will be so all the oxygen will be consumed.
ethylene oxygen required = 96 × 10 −3 kg
[CBSE AIPMT 2000]
∴ For the combustion of 2.8 kg of
(a) 1.12 L (b) 0.84 L 52 Liquid benzene (C 6H6 ) burns in
ethylene oxygen required
(c) 2.24 L (d) 4.96 L oxygen according to the equation, 96 × 10 −3 × 2. 8
Ans. (a) =
2C 6H6 (l) + 15O 2 (g) → 28 × 10 −3
On decomposition,BaCO3 liberates CO2 as 12CO 2 (g) + 6H2O(g)
= 9.6 kg
BaCO3 → BaO + CO2 ↑ How many litres of O 2 at STP are
197 g 22.4 L at STP
needed to complete the 54 One litre hard water contains 12.00
Q 197 g of BaCO3 gives combustion of 39 g of liquid mg Mg 2+ . Milliequivalents of
= 22.4 L of CO2 at STP benzene? (Mol. weight of O 2 = 32, washing soda required to remove
∴ 9.85 g of BaCO3 will give C 6H6 = 78) [CBSE AIPMT 1996]
its hardness is [CBSE AIPMT 1988]
22.4 × 9.85 (a) 74 L (b) 11.2 L (c) 22.4 L (d) 84 L
= = 1.12 L (a) 1
197 Ans. (d) (b) 12.16
2C6H6 + 15O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) (c) 1 × 10−3
51 In the reaction, 2 × 78 15 × 32 + 6H2O( g ) (d) 12.16 × 10−3
4NH3 (g) + 5O 2 (g) → = 156 = 330
Ans. (a)
Q 156 g of benzene required oxygen
4NO(g) + 6H2O(l) Mg2 + +Na2 CO3 → MgCO3 + 2Na+
= 15 × 22.4 L
When 1 mole of ammonia and 1 1 g -eq 1 g -eq
∴ 1 g of benzene required oxygen
mole of O 2 are made to react to 1 g-equivalent of Mg2 + = 12 g of Mg2 +
15 × 22.4
completion, then = L
156 = 12000 mg of Mg2 +
[CBSE AIPMT 1998]
∴ 39 g of benzene required oxygen Now, 12000 mg ofMg2 + ≡ 1000
(a) 1.0 mole of H2O is produced
15 × 22.4 × 39 milliequivalent ofNa2 CO3
(b) 1.0 mole of NO will be produced =
156 12 mg of Mg2 + ≡ 1 milliequivalent of
(c) all the oxygen will be consumed Na2 CO3
(d) all the ammonia will be consumed = 84.0 L