LESSON 2: KNOWING ONESELF

TOPIC: NATURE, NURTURE, PERSONALITY

Content Standard: The learners demonstrate understanding of himself/herself during middle and late
adolescence.

Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure.

SPECIFIC LEARNING COMPETENCY/IES:

11. Explain that knowing oneself can make you accept your strengths and weaknesses.

2. Share your unique characteristics, habits and experiences.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this lesson you are expected to;

 Conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure

 Explain that knowing oneself can make you accept your strengths and weaknesses
 Share his or her unique characteristics, habits and experiences
 Start to maintain a journal
ACTIVITY 1: SELF- ASSESSMENT TEST

Introduction. This is a self- assessment test, it will help you understand why you act the way that you do and
how your personality is structured. Please follow the instructions below, scoring and results are on the next
page.

Instructions. In the table below, for each statement 1-50 mark how much you agree with on the scale 1-5,
where 1=disagree, 2=slightly disagree, 3=neutral, 4=slightly agree and 5=agree, in the box to the left of it.

TEST

COMPUTATION

E = 20 + (1) ___ - (6) ___ + (11) ___ - (16) ___ + (21) ___ - (26) ___ + (31) ___ - (36) ___ + (41) ___ - (46)
___ = ______

A = 14 - (2) ___ + (7) ___ - (12) ___ + (17) ___ - (22) ___ + (27) ___ - (32) ___ + (37) ___ + (42) ___ + (47)
___ = ______

C = 14 + (3) ___ - (8) ___ + (13) ___ - (18) ___ + (23) ___ - (28) ___ + (33) ___ - (38) ___ + (43) ___ + (48)
___ = ______

N = 38 - (4) ___ + (9) ___ - (14) ___ + (19) ___ - (24) ___ - (29) ___ - (34) ___ - (39) ___ - (44) ___ - (49)
___ = ______

O = 8 + (5) ___ - (10) ___ + (15) ___ - (20) ___ + (25) ___ - (30) ___ + (35) ___ + (40) ___ + (45) ___ + (50)
___ = ______
 RESULTS

EXTROVERSION (E) is the personality trait of seeking fulfillment from sources outside the self or in
community.

High scorers tend to be very sociable, talkative, active, outgoing and fun-loving while low scores prefer to
work on their projects alone, quiet and reserved.

AGREEABLENESS (A) a personality that adjust their behavior to suit others.

High scores are typically polite, friendly, warm, trusting, generous, kind-hearted and like people. Low scores
tend to be irritable and suspicious.

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (C) is the personality trait of being organized, punctual honest and hardworking.

High scores tend to follow rules and prefer clean homes. Low scores may be messy and cheat others.

NEUROTICISM (N) is the personality trait of being emotional.

High scores calm and comfortable. Low scores self- conscious and easily worries.

OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE (O) is the personality trait of seeking new experience and intellectual
pursuits. They are curious, imaginative and curious.

High scores may day dream a lot. Low scores may be very down to earth.
LET’S TRY TO CHECK!

Look at the results of your self- assessment test and answer the following questions;

1. How do I feel now after assessing the self-assessment test?

2. Am I happy and contented with the result? Share your thoughts.

READING MATERIAL 1
PERSONALITY

There is an abundant definition of what personality is. Personality psychologists have different
viewpoints. One, definition states, “personality refers to the unique and relatively enduring set of
behaviors, feelings, thoughts and motives that characterize and individual” (Fest and Roseberg 2012).
Two key components of personality are highlighted in this definition: the uniqueness of an
individual’s thoughts, feelings and behavior; and their being relatively enduring, or being consistent,
over different situations and over time.

For example, a person who is considered as “friendly” would, at any given situation, be
outgoing and easily liked by others or is someone who is not perceived as threatening or aggressive.
This person’s uniqueness is manifested in his own brand of showing friendliness: a sunny disposition, a
readiness to give advice when needed, and generosity, to those in need. The uniqueness is shown by
how a person’s physical and behavioral traits are combined to depict friendliness. In terms of being
consistent, as an adolescent, this friendly individual develops friendships among his peers. Upon
entering adulthood, the same friendly individual is perceived by co-workers and peers to still be his old
friendly self as when he was in high school. This consistency through time and the unique manner by
which thoughts, feelings and behavior are expressed, defines personality. However, there were always
be exceptions to these two components. Consistency is more likely to mean most of the time but not all
the time. A friendly person can get nasty or aggressive when provoked or cornered. Sickness can
oftentimes change the consistency of an individual’s personality.

Gordon Allport defines personality as "a pattern of habits, attitudes, and traits that determine an
individual's characteristics, behavior, and traits" (Sanchez, Abad, and Jao 2012). This definition does
not emphasize uniqueness and consistency, but nevertheless still captures aspects of personality.

READING MATERIAL 2

NATURE, NURTURE, AND PERSONALITY

Personality is influenced by both nature (heredity or genetic make-up) and nurture

(environment). There is no single gene that creates a trait. It is always a complex combination of
genes, environmental exposure and experiences, and cultural backgrounds. There are common
personality traits that cross many cultures.

Agreeableness and openness to experiences are some examples of these cross-cultural traits.
There are, however, other personality traits that are more prominent in one culture than another. For
example, Asians exhibit strong “interpersonal relatedness" or how their behavior impacts relationships,
compared to Westerners who look at their behavior and its impact on their personal goals. For
example, an Asian who is pursuing a career by migrating to another country will always consider how
this will affect his family and social ties at home. A Westerner, on the other hand, will see working
overseas as a career move that will enhance career growth.

One general point of view explains that personality deals with traits, and that trait or disposition
is a major factor in personality.

Personality trait is a disposition to behave consistently in a particular way, while personality is

a broader term that comprises of traits, motives, thoughts, self-concept, and feelings. An example of
personality trait is shyness or social awkwardness.

There are different ways to measure personality. One is by observing people's behavior. This is
quite limited as other people may not be able to observe all aspects of personality such as loneliness,
which is internal and is observed by others very subjectively. Personality can be measured using
different kinds of tests.
READING MATERIAL 3

BIG FIVE TRAITS MODEL

Psychologists Cosra and McRae (1992) developed a categorized scheme that described
personality. Based on their research, they discovered the existence of five universal and widely agreed
upon dimensions of personality. They called it the BIG FIVE or FIVE –FACTOR MODEL. These
dimensions or tendencies are: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness
and neuroticism. For it is to be easily remembered, it uses the acronym OCEAN. These Dimensions
may be described using its most positive traits:

OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE- curiosity, interest, imagination, creativity to need ideas

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS- planning, organizing, hard-working, punctuality, persevering

EXTRAVERSION- sociable, talkative, active, outgoing, and fun-loving

AGREEABLENESS- friendly, warm, trusting, generous and kind-hearted

NEUROTICISM- calm, relaxed, comfortable

THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR

Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers developed the Myers-Briggs personality model
based on four preferences of individuals. These are:

E or I (Extraversion or Introversion) – is how an individual prefers to channel his or her

energy when dealing with people, whether it is inward (introversion) or outward (extroversion).

S or N (Sensing or Intuition)- is how one prefers to process information, whether through the \
use of senses such as being able to describe what one sees, or intuitively like dealing with ideas.

T or F (Thinking or Feeling)- is how an individual prefers to make a decisions, either thinking

or using logic and analysis, or feeling which uses the cognitive senses based on values or
beliefs.

J or P (Judgment or Perception)- is how an individual prefers to manage one’s life, whether

through judging, which means a planned and organized life, versus perception, which has more
flexible approach to living.
 JOURNAL ENTRY 2

Self

GUIDE QUESTION: On your journal, draw or paste a symbol/s ( you can search an image in the google) of
what represents your “Self”. Give a descriptions on the symbol that you draw/paste.

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