CYCLE 1

1 Semester | A.Y. 2022-2023

st

JENNYFER N. MERZA, MBA

Instructor

Institute of Hospitality and Tourism Management

BSA 3A
 MODULE 1
An Overview of Personal and
Personality Development

PDPR
Personality Development and
Public Relations

MODULE 1: An Overview of Personal and Personality Development

Objectives:
 Elucidate the Three (3) Aspects/Domains of Human Development;
 Discuss the Human and Personality Development;
 Describe the spheres personality.
 Explain the types and components of personality;
 Explain the differences of personality and its types;
 Discuss the origin of personal development;
 Elucidate the relationship of development in personal;
 Identify the psychological and personal development.

TOPICS:

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  Three (3) Aspects/Domains of  Personality Type keys
Human Development  Personality differences
 Human Development  Personal, Development
 Personality Development  Origins of Personal Development
 Spheres of Personality  Psychology and Personal
 Components of Personality Development
 Types of Personality

DESCRIPTION: Explains the concept of Personality and Personal Development, personality type
keys, the type and sphere of personality, relate the concept of personal development to own
experiences how these influence personal development.

THREE (3) ASPECTS/DOMAINS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Figure 1: Three
Aspects/
Domains of Human
Development

1. Physical Development – which covers the growth of the body and the brain, motor and
sensory skills, and even physical health.
2. Cognitive Development – which covers our capacity to learn, to speak, to understand,
to reason, and to create.
3. Psychosocial/Emotional- which includes our social interactions with other people, our
emotions, attitudes, self-identity, personality, beliefs, and values.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

1. Heredity or the inborn traits passed on by the generations of off-springs from both sides
of the biological parents’ families.
2. Environment is the world outside of ourselves and the experiences that result from our
contact and interaction with this external world.
3. Maturation is the natural progression of the brain and the body that affects the
cognitive, psychological, and social dimensions of a person.

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PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

- to learn skills like table etiquette, how to sit properly and walk with grace, how to dress-
up appropriately, and how to communicate better.
- deal with oneself and how one relates with others.
- It also includes image enhancement such as skin care and make-up, fashion and
clothing, and even body contouring; modeling and beauty pageants, and others.

PERSONALITY
Originated from the Latin Word Persona.
• In ancient world, a persona, was a mask worn by actor.
• The embodiment of feelings and behavior which make man the
unique person that he is.
• Psychology: Personality refers to the long-standing traits and
patterns that propel individuals to consistently thinks, feel, and
behave in specific ways.
• The set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving, etc., that
makes a person different from other people
• Attractive qualities (such as energy, friendliness, and humor) that makes a person
interesting pleasant to be with.
• Attractive qualities that makes something unusual or interesting
• Distinction or excellence of personnel and social traits; also person having such quality
• Our personality is what makes us unique individuals.

SPHERE OF PERSONALITY
1. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE- posture, body build and size, complexion, and facial
expression. It also includes the appropriateness and condition of clothes.
2. INTELECTTUAL CAPACITY- how the person talks, the range of ideas expresses and the
things that talks about. The values and mental alertness are evident.
3. EMOTIONAL MAKE UP- it is shown by a person’s likes and dislikes, whether aggressive
or docile, how they respond when things become difficult, whether usually calm and
self-reliant, how quickly they are given to anger, whether they can take joke, what kind
of sense of humor they possess.
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 4. SOCIAL QUALITIES- how well the person conducts themselves with other people, and
well they observe the rules of etiquette that govern society.
5. VALUE SYSTEM- the person’s attitude towards life, the moral principles and beliefs. Each
person’s philosophy of life and values are the result of meaningful and satisfying
learning experiences from which inner feelings and beliefs develop.

COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY
1. Habits – are action so often repeated at regular
intervals until they become fixed characteristics.
Once habits are formed, they are difficult to
unlearn.
2. Attitudes – are certain ways of viewing of things
as ingrained, acquired, and developed through
the years of exposure to man’s family, school,
and community.
3. Interests – is that natural inclination to focus
one’s concerned towards a specific area of work.
The inherent aspect is predisposed, but it is greatly influenced through environmental
stimulation. Exposures at an early age are carried through the years gradually shaping
the interests of the adult.
1. Values – are ways of upholding certain priorities in accordance with the hierarchy of
needs by Abraham Maslow’s. When high esteem is attributed to certain things after
making well deliberated choices from the alternatives, it is what we call values.
2. Principles – are guides to person in
making judgement. The individual is
consistent in his application of these
principles which are consonance with his
norms of morality.
e.g “Sing Even When You Don’t Feel Like Singing”
-Anonymous
TYPES OF PERSONALITY

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 1. Perfectionists - are realistic, conscientious and principled
2. Helpers - are warn, concerned, nurturing and sensitive to other people’s needs
3. Romantics - are energetic, optimistic, self-assured and goal oriented
4. Achievers - have sensitive feelings and are warm and perceptive
5. Asserters - have a need for knowledge and are introverted, curious, analytical and
insightful.
6. Questioners - are responsible and trustworthy
7. Adventurers - are energetic, lively and optimistic. They want to contribute to the world
8. Observers - are direct, self-reliant, self-confident and protective
9. Peacemakers - are receptive, good-natured and supportive. They seek union with others
and the world around them

BODY LANGUAGE/GESTURES
Body language communicates much more than words. Body
language signals are called ‘leakages’ because you may try to tell
something, but the truth will leak out visually

PERSONALITY TYPES KEY

1. Are you outwardly or inwardly focused? If you;

 Extrovert – talkative, outgoing, like to be in a fast-paced environment. Tend to work out
ideas with others, think out loud. Enjoy being center of attention
 Introvert – reserved, private, prefer a slower pace with time for contemplation. Tend to
think things through inside your head. Would rather observe than to be the center of
attraction.
2. How do you prefer to take information? If you;
 Sensor – focus on the reality of how things are. Pay attention to concrete facts and
details. Prefer ideas that have practical applications. Like to describe things in specific
literal way.
 Intuitive – imagine the possibilities of how things could be. Notice the big picture, see
everything connects. Enjoy ideas of concepts for own sake, and like to describe things in
figurative, poetic way.
3. How do you prefer to make decisions?; if you
 Thinker – Make decision in impersonal way, using logical reasoning. Value justice,
fairness. Enjoy finding flaws in an argument, and could be described as reasonable and
level-headed.

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  Feeler – Base your decisions on personal values and how your actions affect others.
Value harmony, forgiveness. Like to please others and point out the best in people, and
could be described as warm and emphatic.

4. How do you prefer to live your outer life; if you

 Judger – Prefer to have matters settled. Think rules and deadlines should be respected.
Prefer to have detailed, step-by-step instructions. Make plans, want to know what
you’re getting into.
 Perceiver – Prefer to leave your options open. See rules and deadlines as flexible. Use to
improvise and make things as you go and are spontaneous, enjoy surprises and new
situations.

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HOW PERSONALITY REVEALED?

- A sequence of impressions is registered when people meet. First impressions are based
on appearance-posture, dress, grooming, facial features, etc.
- The impression created by a beautiful face may be ruined by poor posture, slouchy gait,
or a careless hairdo.
- On the other hand, a face that is not particularly pretty may be offset by well-chosen
clothes and careful grooming. Although appearance may be deceiving, almost everyone
reacts favorably or unfavorably to the person they meet.

PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES
1. Heredity- is an essential factor in determining many physical characteristics. Height,
weight- the entire body- from the physical basis of personality.
2. The Environment- which includes such influences as social and physical factors largely
determines the degree to which a person’s potentialities and characteristics will be developed.
3. Time- each person acts differently because the experiences throughout life are unlike
those any other person. Much of what we experience leaves lasting impressions which
influence our feeling, our thought, and our actions all of our lives.

Personal is defined as:

- Belonging or relating to a particular person
- Made or designed to be used by one person
- Someone whose job involves working for or helping a particular person
- Relating to or affecting a particular person

Development is defined as:

- The act or process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger or more
advanced
- The act or process of creating something over a period of time
- The state of being created or made or more advanced

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
 Defined as a process in which persons reflect upon themselves, understand who
they are, accept what they discover about themselves, and learn (or unlearn)
new sets of values, attitudes, behavior, and thinking skills to reach their fullest
potential as human beings.
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  The process of striving to be the best that you can be in order to reach and
realize your full potential. It is a journey of self-discovery, self-improvement, and
self-realization” (Zorka Hereford (2007).
ORIGINSOF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

 The evolution of the understanding of human development may have started eons ago
when the first Homo sapiens walked the face of the earth.
 The Cavemen who drew
figures on their cave
walls attempted to
narrate their
experiences such as
hunting. The act of
drawing can be deemed
as an attempt toward
creative expression and
narration.
 During the time Western Philosophers, particularly the Greek thinkers, when questions
about the self and about being human have begun to be asked.
 In Republic, which some consider to be the greatest work on philosophy of education.
Plato argued that “building character, as much as intelligence, is what education is all
about.”
 In Confucian philosophy, the great Chinese being will
always desire to become the “superior man” not just to
his peers and followers, but also to himself most
especially. (The Ethics of Confucius, 2014).

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PSYCHOLOGY AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Psychology, being the study of human thinking and
behavior, serves as a foundation for personal
development.
A. Humanistic psychology- dealt with personal
growth and meaning as a way of reaching
one’s fullest potential.
The Two proponents of Humanistic
psychology
1. Abraham Maslow- Was a psychologist who
studied positive human qualities and the
lives of exemplary people.
• He theorized the five stages of human development based on a hierarchy of
needs.
• Self-actualization – is at the top of the Maslow’s hierarchy, a person’s
motivation to reach his/her full potential, a person’s basic needs must be
met self-actualization can be achieved.

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 2. Carl Rogers – Theorized that “the individual has within himself the capacity and the
tendency, latent if not evident, to move forward toward maturity”(Rogers 1961)

Positive Psychology
The scientific study of the strengths and virtues that enable
individuals and communities to thrive.
Stresses that human nature has its good and positive strength,
as well as its inadequacies and weaknesses.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE

Adolescence is the transition period between childhood and early adulthood.
 Starts with the biological changes called puberty
 Biological changes bring about cognitive and affective changes.
 Also the stage when adolescents begin to ask questions about their identity.
 Relationships with family and friends are also affected by puberty during adolescence,
friends become the center of relationships more than family(Fiest & Resenberg, 2012)

THINGS NEEDED IN ORDER TO ENHANCE YOUR PERSONALITY:

1. Don't compare your life

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 2. Don't have negative thoughts or things you cannot control. Instead invest your energy in
the positive present moment
3. Dream more while you are awake
4. Don't waste your precious energy on gossip.

“Happiness is an attitude. We either make ourselves miserable, or happy and strong. The
amount of work is the same.”
— Francesca Reigler
“Choose Happiness. Yes, It Is A Choice”
- Anonymous

RESOURCES

 Chapter 1 – Introduction to Personal Development, Ricardo Rubio Santos., Personal

Development, Second Edition (2019)
 E-book
Jule Specht, 2017., Personality Development Across Lifespan
Chapters 1-5, Pages: 9-55
 E-journal:
Geukes, K., van Zalk, M., & Back, M. D. (2018). Understanding Personality Development:
An Integrative state process model. International Journal of Behavioral Development,
42(1), 43-51.
https://doi.org/101177/0165025416677647
 Video: (10 minutes)
“What is Personality Development? What does Personality Development mean”
https://youtube.com/watch?v=GVKLxofeADc

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 Disclaimer

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monetary gain in using the textual information, imageries, and other references used in
its production. This module is only for the exclusive use of a bona fide student of
Mabalacat City College.

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