LESSON 5: RULE OF SOCIETY IN HUMAN LIFE

 Loden’s Diversity Wheel

a. Inner circle - is the characteristics that persons are born with or established by significant
people we interact with.
b. Outer circle - shows our social identity but can be changed or discarded. Influenced by
people, experiences, places, etc.

VIRTUES OF A DIVERSE SOCIETY

 Respect

 Courtesy and Politeness

 Fairness

 Self-Control

A. RESPECT - The word respectus which means attention, regard, or consideration. It can be
defined as esteem or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person, a personal quality or ability,
or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESPECT

1. Respect for Self - ability to respect the self, to value and appreciate oneself. Accepting oneself
regardless what others think.

2. Respect for Others - act of tolerating, accepting, and considering another person inspite of
individual differences. Examples are respect for men and women equally.

3. Respect for social norms - ability to respect all norms that govern society. Examples: COVID-19
pandemic protocols

4. Respect for nature - covers the appreciation of the environment.

5. Respect for family - implies being able to understand and respect each other within the family,
and thus being able to live in harmony with each other.

6. Respect for Values - The ability to honor our own principles. Example is the respect for life.

7. Respect for Culture - ability to recognize that there are other beliefs and be able to respect
them. This can be seen in our being able to accept varying religious beliefs.

8. Respect for national symbols - The ability to value and appreciate the symbols of a nation.

9. Respect for human beings - ability to comply with legal norms, respect laws, church dogmas,
and beliefs. Think of the situations where we need to get along with others.

B. COURTESY & POLITENESS - Courtesy is polite behavior that reflects good manners, respect, and
kindness to others. It means avoiding sarcasm and overbearing behavior.
TIPS TO TEACH CHILDREN COURTESY & POLITENESS

1. You first - modeling good manners, you are not only strengthening your child’s social graces, but
also teaching him/her that being courteous and polite are a normal part of social interaction.

2. Turn up the tolerance - When your child can observe that you tolerate and respect individual
differences, you clearly convey the message that you accept diversity.

3. Read the signs - Help children learn how to read people’s emotional signs. Encourage them to
pay attention to how others might be feeling and show them how to react with courtesy.

4. Mind your manners - If a parent or teacher uses polite words daily, delighted responses can be
solicited from the children. The problem sometimes is when children show courtesy, they are
not being responded.

5. Lend a helping hand - assist people especially those in need such as giving help to an old person
or opening the door for someone who carries heavy stuff.

6. Lesson Integration - The learning of manner/value is integrated in a lesson or being

demonstrated.

7. Tolerance - respect, acceptance, and appreciation of the rich diversity of our world’s cultures,
our forms of expression and ways of being human. It is harmony in difference.

C. FAIRNESS - It is treating all people the same and giving everyone a fair chance. (Seligman &
Peterson, 2004). It is marked by impartiality and honesty; conforming with the established rules.
a. Fairness - It has something to do with giving everyone what he or she needs and
deserves.
b. Equality - It is giving everyone the same thing or amount, regardless of the
circumstances.
 Children in tlementary are naturally egocentric.
 The concept of fairness is abstract to them.
 It is challenging for young children to understand fairness.
 But it is inculcated in concrete activities.
 3 Components of Learners’ Perceived Fairness (Rodabough, 1996)
1. Interactional Fairness – the kind of interaction between teacher and learners
2. Procedural Fairness – the rules for grading and classroom administration
3. Outcomes Fairness – the distribution of scores and grades

HOW TO BE FAIR & ETHICAL IN CLASSROOM

 IMPARTIALITY - Learners expect their teacher to treat everyone in the class equally. The teacher
needs to carefully monitor behavior and interactions with the children.
 RESPECT - Treating all learners politely. Students expect a teacher who listens, carefully
considers, and gives thoughtful replies to their ideas.
 CONCERN FOR STUDENTS - Students expect their teachers to care about them and their
academic performance.
  INTEGRITY - Integrity means being consistent and truthful and explaining your policies,
procedures and decisions, and why are they necessary.
 PROPRIETY - Propriety means acting in a socially acceptable manner that does not offend
students’ sensibilities. Students expect you to follow the rules when interacting with them.

D. SELF-CONTROL - It is the ability to manage one’s impulses, emotions, and behaviors to achieve
long-term goals. This is what is unique in human beings.

THREE MAIN PARTS OF SELF-CONTROL

1. Monitoring - Keeping track of your thoughts, feelings, and actions.

2. Standards - Guidelines that steer us toward desirable responses. Our standards originate from
society and culture.
3. Strength - It is the energy we need to control our impulses. Factors such as mental exhaustion
and stress affect self-control.

IMPORTANCE OF SELF-CONTROL

1. SELF-CONTROL CONTRIBUTES TO THE PERSON’S WELL-BEING.

2. SELF-CONTROL BUILDS AND STRENGTHENS RELATIONSHIP.
3. SELF-CONTROL MAKES SOCIETIES PRODUCTIVE.

E. EMPATHY - It refers to a wide range of psychological capacities that are thought of as being
central for constituting humans as social creatures allowing us to know what other people are
thinking and feeling, to engage with them emotionally, to share their thoughts and feelings and
to care for their well-being.
- Having empathy increases the likelihood of helping others and showing compassion.
- It is the ability to recognize, understand, and share the thoughts and feelings of another
person, animal or fictional character.

THREE KINDS OF EMPATHY

1. Cognitive Empathy - Knowing how the other person feels and what they might be thinking.

2. Emotional empathy - This happens when the person feels physically along with the other
person, as though their emotions were contagious.

 Three components of emotional empathy

1. Feeling the same emotion as another person

2. Personal distress which refers to one’s own feelings of distress in response to

perceiving another’s plight

3. Feeling compassion for another person

3. Compassionate empathy - We are spontaneously moved to help if needed, a person.

  COMPASSION DEFICIT DISORDER - It is the child’s tendency to act without empathy or regard
for others.
1. Children are spending increasing time with more and more technology and screen
exposure at a young age. This results in their lack of opportunity to develop social skills.
2. Children’s exposure to violent and anti-social models can teach them anti-social lessons
that they bring to relationships.
3. Children play with toys that are realistic replicas of what they see on screen.
4. Many families are experiencing stress that they resort to the screen or technology to
occupy their children and would need not spend a lot of time watching over them.
5. There are instances that parents structure too much what they want their children to
engage in.

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LESSON 6: SOCIAL ETIQUETTES & NETIQUETTES

SOCIAL ETIQUETTE - The various manners and behaviors prescribed by and observed in social life. It
refers to the guidelines which control the way a responsible individual should behave in society.

THE NEED FOR ETIQUETTE

• Etiquette makes you a cultured individual who leaves his mark wherever he goes.

• Etiquette teachers you the way to talk, walk, and most importantly behave in the society.

• Etiquette is essential for an everlasting first impression. The way you act speaks a lot about your
personality and upbringing.

• Etiquette enables individuals to earn respect and appreciation in the society.

• Etiquette inculcates a feeling of trust and loyalty in the individuals.

• One becomes more responsible and mature.

• Etiquette helps individuals to value relationships.

NETIQUETTE - It is network etiquette – the etiquette of cyberspace.It is a set of rules for behaving
properly online.

 Research suggests that nomophobia negatively affects personality, self-esteem, anxiety, stress,
academic performance, and other physical and mental health problems. We are therefore faced
with a health problem, which negatively affects a person, causing psychological problems and
physical and behavioral changes. (Rodriguez-Garcia et al., 2020).

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 LESSON 7: FAMILY AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION

A. Structural Definition - A householder and one or more other persons living in the same
household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption.
B. Functional Definition - A family unit in which there exists:
a. A caring and supportive relationship
b. Sharing resources and economic property
c. Commitment to or identification with other family members
d. Preparation of children born to or raised by the members to become adult members of the
society.

FAMILY

- The basic unit of society

- A socially defined set of relationships between at least two persons who are related by birth,
marriage or adoption.

- A kin group based on marriage

- A durable association of persons united by marriage, blood, or adoption

CHALLENGES IN DEFINING FAMILIES

1. When the family form is less traditional, difficulties of definition arise

2. Unmarried or same gender relationships

3. The changing societal attitudes

SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FAMILY

- It is the nursery of human nature

- It is called the transfer-point of culture

- An adult person of part of two types of families: family of orientation and family of procreation

a. FAMILY OF ORIENTATION (Father, Mother, Brother, Sister)

b. FAMILY OF PROCREATION ( Husband/Wife - Son/daughter)

CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILY

 Universality - The family is indispensable for the individual and society. It has no alternative.

 Emotional Basis - They provide love, care, and protection to each other and ready to make
sacrifices for the welfare of the family members.

 Limited Size - It’s a small group and its membership is confined to those who are related by
either marriage or blood ties.

 Nuclear Position in social structure - It is regarded as basic, nuclear, or fundamental to all social
groupings.
  Social Regulations - Members are trained to follow social norms and customs in the process of
socialization.

 Its Permanent and Temporary Nature - The family institution is enduring and universal until a
demise.

 Mating Relationship - A family is born when two people get married.

 Common Habitation - Family residence usually share a common residence in which they live
together.

 Reckoning of Descent - Inheritance of name, property, and others depends on the tradition of
one family.

 Economic system - Every family makes a provision to look after the economic needs of its
members.

FUNCTIONS OF FAMILY

1. Biological function

2. Economic Function

3. Socialization of Children

4. Psychological Function

5. Spiritual Function

TYPES OF FAMILY - Family is of many types. There are various factors, which are taken into account
while classifying the family.

a. Residence

a. PATRILOCAL - When the married couple resides in the husband’s parent’s house

b. MATRILOCAL - When the married couple resides in the wife’s parents house.

c. NEOLOCAL - When the married couple sets up a new home, independent from either
parents.

b. Authority

a. PATRIARCHAL - The father is the formal head and the ruling power. The authority of the
father is taken as absolute and final.
b. MATRIARCHAL - The mother is the central figure and her authority is supreme.

c. Size

a. NUCLEAR FAMILY - It is made up of a husband, wife, and their unmarried children.

b. JOINT/ EXTENDED FAMILY - It is composed of blood and marital relatives of three or

more generations who identify themselves as members of a particular family.