WEEK 1:

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP
- Is a type of relationship which closely associated with a person and which can only have
meaning to this person.

3 ATTACHMENT STYLES AS DEFINED BY AIMSWORTH

1. Secure Attachment - is where the primary care giver is most of the time present 3
available.
2. Avoidant Attachment - is where the primary care giver is cold and detached
3. Antious - Ambivalent Attachment - when the primary care giver is not consistent in
terms of presents and meeting a child’s emotional needs.

ATTRACTION
- First stage that leads to intimacy and commitment according to Helen Fisher there are
three stages of falling in love.
1. Lust - Is driven by the sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen
2. Attraction - Described as the love struct phase which involves neurotransmitters in the
brain.
3. Attachment - When the couple decides to continue with the relationships.

Several Theories about Attraction

1. Transference Effect - There are many times we meet people who were immediately like
or dislike. Usually these people remind us of people or someone in the past who was
affected our sense of self and our behavior
2. Propinquity Effect - Proximity as another possible factor why we like a person
3. Similarity - We often like people who we have similarities with such as social class
background, religious belief age and education
4. Reciprocity - We like people who like us back.
5. Physical Attractiveness - Major factor in liking to someone, usually first impression
comes a lot.
6. Personality Characteristics and Traits - People get Attracted to two characteristics
that lead to liking the other person, these are the emphatic that exclude warmth and
sympathy are also optimistic and maintain positive views

Triangular Theory of Love

1. Intimacy - Being open and vulnerable to that person whom we deeply trust.
Communication - Is a key component in developing intimacy, where self disclosure is
practiced which leads to profound and meaningful conversations that nurture and
strengthen intimacy.
2. Commitment - Act of deciding to consistently fulfill and live by agreements made with
another person, entity and cause and one’s thinking andbehavior.
3. Passion - Is the intense state of being that derives and consumes a person to pursue an
interest a vision, or a person.
WEEK 2:
Varieties or Types of Social Influence

1. Compliance - is when a person seems to agree and follows what is requested or required of
him or her to do or believe in but not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it.
2. Identification - is when a person is influenced by someone he or she likes or looks up to, like
a movie star, a social celebrity or a superhero.
3. Internalization - when a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it
known publicly and privately
4. Conformity - it is a type of social influence that involves a change in behavior, belief or
thinking to be like others
5. Conversion - occurs when an in individual wholeheartedly changes his/her original thinking
and beliefs, actions and attitudes to align with those of the other members of a group.
6. Minority influence - happens when a bigger number of people are influenced by a much
smaller number of people and when the minority’s way of looking at and doing things are
accepted.
7. Reactance - when there is a willing rejection of a social influence being exerted on an
individual or group.
8. Obedience - another form of social influence wherein a person follows what someone tells
him or her to do. It usually respects or fear of the authority figure.
9. Persuasion - used by one person or group to influence another to change their beliefs,
actions, or attitudes by appealing to reason or emotion.

Leadership and Followership

Leadership - ability of a person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a
manner that goals are achieved.
Power - is also annexed to leadership as espoused by French and Raven who said that a
leader may obtain power through various means and sources, such as positions, giving
rewards, expertise, respect or coercion.

Several Theories of Leadership

1. Trait Theory - this theory defines leadership based on certain personality traits which is
generally suited for all leaders, such as decisiveness, persistence, high level of self-confidence
and assertiveness, among others.
2. Behavioral Theory - this theory presupposes that leadership is a learned behavior, and that
leaders are defined according to certain types of behavior they exhibit.
3. Participative Theory - the opposite of autocratic leader, the participative leader involves
other people to make common decisions.
4. Situational Theory - this theory assumes that there is no one style of leadership and that
leadership behavior is based on the factors present in a situation, and usually takes into
consideration how followers behave.
5. Transactional Theory - this theory states that leadership involves a transaction or
negotiation of resources or position and usually employs reward and punishment.
6. Transformational Theory - This theory involves a vision which a leader uses to rally support
from followers and the role of the leader is in motivating others to support the vision and make it
happen.

1. Leadership is situational
2. Leadership is non-hierarchical
3. Leadership is relational
4. They walk their talk
5. They adjust to situation and display adaptability and flexibility
6. High level of comfort being themselves.

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory - States that a leader’s effectiveness is measured

by the quality of his relationship with his followers, and different types of relationships can
evolve between leader and follower in a certain work situation. Another tenet of the theory is
that there should be an exchange of resources between leader and follower that is meaningful
and viewed by both parties as fair.

Heroic Leadership - Another example of a popular description of leadership was expounded in

a book titled heroic leadership: Best Practices from 450 year old company that change the world
by Christ Lowney, He referred to the type of leadership that the members of the Society of
Jesus live by. To this religious congregation of men everyone is a leader and everyone gets a
chance to lead and be leaders in everything they do.

4 Elements Followers want from a Leader

1. Authenticity - The leader is not afraid to show his or her weakness, reveals his human side
without fear, and uses these together with his strengths to lead others
2. Significance - A leader provides the reason or meaning for followers to believe in
3. Excitement - A leader provides motivation and inspiration to his or her followers and excites
them to pursue their vision.
4. Community - A leader builds a community of followers with whom they can associate and
forge relationship

Family Structure
Nuclear Family - a traditional family is comprised of a father, a mother and their offspring/s.
Usually the father in the traditional family plays the role of the breadwinner while the mother
stays at home to manage the house and the children.

Single parent - who rears the child or children while earning for the offspring/s. This single
parent may be supported by relatives or hired caregivers to take care of the growing children.
Extended Family - Is very common family arrangement found in many parts of the world and
most particularly in Asia. The extended family is the nuclear family plus the parents of either the
husband or wife, or both their parents, depending on the arrangements they make.
Childless family - is just the couple without any child or children, and who may be living all by
themselves. They may or may not have household help assisting around the house.

Genogram - Is a graphical map of a family’s history that traces and illustrates patterns in its
structure and characteristics using special symbols to describe relationship, major events,
diseases, traditions, social and personal beliefs and rituals, cultural heritage, religious beliefs,
value systems, philosophies about life, and the dynamics of a family over several generations.

WEEK 3:
Ways to build a stronger bond with your family.
1. Learn to express yourself. The key to any strong relationship is communication.
Always share your opinions and feelings with your family members. It will help you create a
better understanding of each other. Discuss the pleasant as well as the unpleasant. It is
necessary to communicate the feelings of hurt, resentment and anger so that
misunderstandings can be avoided. Try resolving issues immediately instead of broadening
conflicts.
2. Reserve a Talk-it-out Time. Parents spend 60% of their income on their Children & 12%
of their time! Having family time to share your thoughts and feelings is very necessary. The
best way to retain the trust and closeness among each other is by spending time. From the
above statistics, you can conclude that this can create a huge gap between family
members. Your efforts to make time for your family will hold importance to have healthy
discussions. A healthy discussion will always help you arrive at mutual agreement hence,
strengthen the family bond.
3. Make room for fun. Spend time having activities for bonding with family members.
Celebrate festivals, birthdays or organize picnics and games. While celebrating the bond
you share you would be building a deeper connection too. Positivity spreads as you would
enjoy together. Such fun times or celebrations will result in becoming the charitable
memories.
4. Respect personal space. Eric Klinenberg, a sociologist at New York University, says,
"There is something very liberating for people about being on their own." Everyone needs
some time alone. There is social anxiety about isolation which fails to appreciate the
benefits solitude. But respecting privacy is one of the important things that build solid
relationships. It helps you build trust and give an experience of freedom. Parents need to
stop sneaking into teenagers' rooms when they aren't around. Alone time with parents can
also help children feel special
5. Share responsibilities. As a family together you all are dependent on each other. Being
responsible shows the dependence and taking account of your actions. Simple things like
making your own bed, keeping your things in the right place can ensure that the burden of
chores is divided. You have to share responsibilities like a team

6. Agree to disagree. Every member of the family is an independent

individual. All have distinct personalities which therefore results in having different opinions.
A certain level of disagreement is healthy as it brings up more ideas and suggestions to
discuss. But this disagreement should be positively accepted. There should be an open
minded approach and maintain mutual respect while expressing the disagreement.

Main Influencing Factors in Career Choice

1. Different life roles. Every person plays different roles in his or her life. He is a
worker at work, a parent, husband or wife at home. And every person thinks about
himself in these different roles and decides which role will be the most important for
him. And this decision may influence the career choice and the way the person looks
at work.
2. Personality and interest. We are all different. We have different tastes,
preferences, and tempers. And someone's success at the particular job position
depends on these things. There is a special theory which can answer how the
personality of the work = seeker influence on his choice, his work ambitions and
abilities.
3. Previous work experience. If someone has a positive role model in a particular
career or positive work experience it will definitely influence the future work choice.
The research has shown that a person prefers to continue the work in which he was
more successful rather than start doing something new. In fact, it is a great idea to
focus on the work with proven success as well as with positive self-esteem for most
of us.
4. Cultural background. The cultural background of the person as well as his regional
area and ethnic group can influence the future work choice. Besides family of the job
seeker and local community also can become the factors which can determine
someone's future career. Person's expectations and life values are always shaped
according to the cultural issues, and they have connections with different parts of our
lives. Understanding of the nature of our expectations and values can help us to
understand our personality and make a right career choice.
5. Economic and social conditions of life. Our life benchmarks and career choices
always lie in the context of the economic and social issues. And it is natural.
Sometimes we can't choose the society in which we have to live, but we can choose
the way of life. Different situations and conditions which take place in our economic
and social lives give us a definite choice and have a certain effect on it. And we have
to take into account this factor
6. The financial aspect. For many of us, money which we can earn is the most
important factor which influences on the future career choice. This is not surprising.
We have to pay for everything that we have in our lives. But everyone has different
needs and ways of life that's why think twice when considering the job which will not
allow living as you like and make a correct and reasonable choice.