KCSEBI

OLOGYASSI
GNMENT
S
Ke
nyaCe
rti
f
ica
teo
fSe
cond
aryEd
uca
ti
on(
K.C.
S.E.
)

F
ORM2 BI
OLOGY T
HEORY

ASSIGNMENTONE
1(a) Na meth ethreema i
nb ranche
so fbi
ology. (3mks
)
b) L i
sttwoo t
he rbranchesofbiol
ogy(s
u b-
branches
)andforeachgivead e
fi
nit
io
n .
(4mks)
2 Bi
ologi
ca l
kn owledgec a
nb eusedtos o
lveenvi
ronmentalpr
oble
msa nde n
abl
eso net
opu r
sue
var
iousca
reers
.
(
a)lis
tthreeenvironmen tal
probl
emst hatcanbesolve
du si
ngb i
ol
ogicalkn
owledge;
(3mks)
b
) Wh i
chthreec ar
eersrequir
ethek n
owl e
d geofbi
ology. (3mks
)
3( a)T hesci
en t
if
icn ameo fir
is
hp otat
oinSo lanumT u
berosum.Ident
ifytwoerr
orstha
thavebeen
madewh e
nwr i
tingth ename. (
2mks)
b)Wh i
chtaxono micgroupd oe
sthen ames ol
anumr e
fert
o? (2mks
)
4 Wh i
chorgan ell
esperfor
msthefo l
l
owi n
gf unct
ion
s:
a) Transp o
rtsprotei
nswit
hinthec el
ls (1mk)
b) Co nt
a i
nslyti
ce nz
yme s (1mk)
c) Proces s
ingan dtr
anspor
tati
ono fgly
coprot
ei
n (1mk)
d) Regu lat
ethep ass
ageofma t
erial
sintoandoutofac e
ll
. (1mk)
5 Thedia
g r
amb el
o wreprese
ntsac e
llasseenu n
dertheelec
tro
nmi cro
scope.

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a)
(i
) Ba
sedonthedia
gramstat
ewh e
theri
trepr
esent
sanani
malc
ell
orapla
ntcel
l
.(1mk
s)
(i
i) Gi
vetworea
sonsfo
ryouranswerin5(a
)(i
)abov
e. (
2mk
s)
b) St
atet
hefunc
ti
onsoft
h est
ruct
urela
bele
dP, QandR. (
3mk
s)
C) St
atet
hreep
roper
ti
esofthest
ruct
urela
bele
dT . (
3mk
s)
d) Namethepa
rtoft
hecel
l t
hati
susedinma i
nta
ini
ngsu
ppor
tinpl
antc
ell
s. (
1mk
)

6(a) St a
teth
efunct
ionofthefol
lo
wingp ar
tsofali
ghtmic
rosc
ope.
(i
) Mi rror (1mk)
(i
i
) Co nd
enser (1mk)
(i
i
i) Ey ep i
ece (1mk)
(b) Wh i
chpar
tofamicros
c o
pee n
ableonetochangefr
omme di
umtoh
ighpowe
robj
ect
iv
elens
.
(1mk)
(c) Ex pl
ai
nwh yi
tisnotadvi
sabl
etou s
ethecoars
ea d
jus
tmentk
nobwhenv
iewi
ngo
bjec
tswit
hthe
high p owerobj
ect
iv
elens. (2mks)
7 Stud
ythedia
grambelowa n
da ns
we rt
h eque
sti
onsbel
ow:

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(a
) Wh i
chp hysi
ol
o gi
calprocesswa sbeinginvest
igat
ed? (1mk)
(b) St a
tetwoo bserv
ati
on sma deaft
e r30mi nute. (2mks
)
(c) Gi v
ea nexplanat
ionfortheo bservati
onma d
ein7( b)above. (3mks
)
(d) St a
tetwof ac
torsthataff
ectthep roc
essy ouname din7(a)a b
ove. (
2mks)
8(a
) Ph ot
o s
y n
thesi
stakep l
a c
eintwos t
ages.Na met hetwos tage
sa n
ds t
atewher
einthe
chl
orop
lasteach ta
kesp lac
e.
(4mk s
)
Sta
geI I
-
Sta
geI I
-
(b
) St a
tetheroleofli
ghtint heprocessofp hotos
ynthesi
s . (1mk)
(c) Wh i
chc el
l
sinal eafthatcont
ainsc hl
oroplast
s. (3mks
)
(d) L i
sttwor a
wma t
eria
lsn eces
saryd ur
ingp hot
osynthesis
. (2mks
)
9(a
) Na met woe nz
yme sthatdiges
tp rot
einsintheh umana li
me nt
arycanal
. (2mks
)
b) Ex pl
ainwh ytheenzyme syouh avename din
(a
) a boves e
cret
e dininact
iveform. (
1mk)
10(a
) Na met wofeat
u r
esth ati
ncreasethesurfaceareaofthes malli
nte
sti
nes.(
2mks)
b) Du ri
ngap ract
icalin
v est
igat
ions t
udentswe r
ep rovi
dedwi tht
hefo l
l
owing:
Foodsubst
ance,10%s odiumh y
droxi
des ol
uti
on ,1%co ppersulphat
esolut
ionandiod
ineso
lut
ion.
(i
) I denti
fytwof oodsubstancesthatthest
u dentswereexpecte
dtotest
. ( 2mks
)
11. T hediagr
amb elowre pres
entsat ra
nsversesect
ionth r
oug haplantorg
an.

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ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
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TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
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 (a
)(i
) F r
omwh ichplanto
rganwa sthesect
ionobta
ine
d? (
2mk
s)
(i
i
) Gi vetworeasonsforyouranswerin(a)
(i
)above (
2mk
s)
b) Onthedia
gramidenti
fyandna metheparttha
t
(i
) T r
anspo
rtswaterandmi ne
ralsal
ts. (
1mk
)
(i
i
) T r
ans-locat
essynt
h e
size
df o
odma ter
ial
s. (
1mk
)
12) Sta
tetwost
ruct
uraldi
ffe
rencesbetweenart
eri
esandvei
ns. (
2mk
s)
13 T hedia
gra
mb el
ows howsav erti
cals
ecti
onthroughamammal
i
anh
ear
t.

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(a
) Na met hep ar
tslabeledAa ndD. (
2mks)
(b) Us ea rr
owstos h o
wt hed i
rect
ioninwh i
chb l
oodflowsoutoft
heheart
.(2mks)
c) Namet hemu sclethatma ke
su ptheh eartchambers
. (
1mk)
d) Wh i
chp artoftheh ear
tisref
erredtoa sthep a
cemaker. (1mk)
14(a) Givetwor ea
s onswh ybloodcloti
ngisi mpo r
tan
t. (
2mks)
15(a) Stat
et hr
eestructur
e susedforg as
eou sexchangeinter
rest
ri
alpl
ant
s.( 2mks)
b) Howa r
eg uardcell
ss t
ruct
ural
lyadaptedf orgase
ouse x
change
. (4mks)
c) Namt hreestructu
resu s
edforg ase
ou se xc
h a
ngeinfrogs
. (
3mks)
16(a) Defi
n eres
p i
rati
on. (
1mk)
b) Namet hes i
teof a
erobicrespi
rat
ioninac el
l. (
1mk)
c) Lis
ttwos ubstancesneededforrespi
rationtotakeplace
. (
2mks)
17a )
Ho waretherespir
a t
orys ur
facesinma mmma lsadapt
e dt
othei
rfuct
io
ns (3mks)
b)St
ateth
ef unct
ionso ft
h efol
lowingpart
so fag il
l. (3mks)
i
)Gil
lraker
s
i
i)Gil
lbar
ii
i)Gil
lfi
la
me nts

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TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
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om
ASSGNMENTTWO
1.Stat
eth
eimp o
rta
nceo
fea
cho
fth
efo
ll
owi
ngi
nli
vi
ngo
rga
nis
ms
a)Nut
rit
io
n (
1mk
)
b
)Ex
cre
ti
on (
1mk
)
2.St
at
etwofun
cti
onso
fce
lls
ap (
2mk
s)
3.Whic
horg
anell
ewou
ldbea
bund
anti
n: (
2mk
s)
a
)Sk
ele
tal
mus
clec
ell …………………………………………………………………….
.
b
)Pa
li
sad
ece
ll …………………………………………………………………….
4.T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wsh
owsas
pec
if
ie
dpl
antc
ell

i
. Na
met
hec
ell (
1mk
)

i
i
. Na
methep
art
sla
bel
l
edDa
ndE (
2mk
s)
D……………………………………………………………………………………………….
.
E……………………………………………………………………………………………….
.

5.St
at
eth
efu
nct
io
nso
fth
efo
ll
owi
ngp
art
sofa
li
ghtmi
cr
osc
ope
. (
2mk
s)
a
)Ob
jec
ti
vel
ens
b
)Di
aph
rag
m

6.Usingamicr
osc
ope,ast
udentcount
ed55cel
lsacr
ossafi
el
dofv
iewwh
osedi
amet
erwa
s6000μm.
Ca
lcul
at
etheav
era
geleng
tho fc
ell
s.Sh
owy o
u rwor
kin
g. (
2mks
)
7(
a)Dis
ti
ngui
shbet
weendif
fu
sio
na ndosmosi
s (
2mks
)
b)
Anexper
imen
twassetass
hownb el
ow

GOL
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ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
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om
Th
esetupwaslef
tfor30mi nut
e s
.
(
i)Stat
etheexpecte
dresul
ts (
1mk
)
(
ii
)Expl
ainyouranswerinb(i
)abov
e (
3mk
s)
8.
Sta
tefou
rfact
orsthati
ncreas
etherat
eofd
if
fu
sio
n (
4mk
s)
9.
Wh a
tismeantbythefol
lowingter
ms?
(
i)Crenat
edcell (
1mk
)
(
ii
)Fl
acc
idc
ell (
1mk
)
10.
Dis
ti
ngui
shbet
wee
nhete
rot
rop
his
man
dau
tot
rop
his
m (
2mk
s)
11.
Stu
dyth
ed i
agr
ambel
ow
T

a
)Na
met
hep
roc
esswh
icht
ake
spl
acei
nth
eor
gan
ell
e (
1mk
)
b
)Na
met
hep
igme
nti
nth
est
ruc
tur
ela
bel
l
edTa
nds
tat
eit
sfu
nct
io
n (
2mk
s)
Pi
gme
nt…………………………………………………………………….
.
F
unc
ti
on……………………………………………………………………
c)Namet hr
eecel
lsofaleafwheretheabo
vest
ruct
urei
sfound (
3mk
s)
12.
Sta
tef
ourext
ern
alfac
torsthataf
fe
cttherat
eofphot
osynt
hes
is (
4mk
s)
13.
Sta
tet
hreepr
opert
ie
sofmo n os
acchar
ide (
3mk
s)
14.
Dis
cus
sfourada
ptat
ionsofthecarni
vore
stothe
irmodeoffe
edi
ng (
4mk
s)
15
a)Wh ati
sthei
mp or
tanceofma s
tic
ati
onduri
ngdig
esti
on? (
1mk
)
b)Stat
ethre
erole
so fsal
i
vad ur
ingdige
sti
on (
3mk
s)

16.
Thed
iag
ramb
elo
wsh
owsp
arto
fama
mma
li
anc
ir
cul
at
orys
yst
em

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 a
.Na
met
heb
loo
dve
sse
lsma
rke
dYa
ndZ (
2mk
s)
b.As tud
e n
ttoo kame alr
ichinpro
tei
nsandcarbohydr
ate
s.Itwasfoundthatthegl
ucos
elev
eli
n
bl
oodvesselWwa sl
owe rth
anbloodvess
elY.Expl
ai
n (1mk)
17.
a)Wh atisact
ivetransp
o r
t? (
1mk)
b)Givefourrolesofact
ivetra
nspor
t (
4mks
)
18.Duri
ngaBi ol
ogyp r
acti
calle
sson,t
heteach
erprovi
dedstud
en t
switht
h ef
o l
l
o win
ga pp
ara
tus
;a
por
ter,
ascal
pel,sp
e ci
me nbott
le,apai
roff
o r
ceps,
sweepn e
tandc hl
orof
orm.
a)Givefourprecauti
onthatab i
ol
ogyteac
hergavethest
udentsbef
orethep r
act
ica
lwhen
col
l
ecti
ono fspeci
me nbegan (
4mks
)
b)Wh atwasth efunct
ionofthefol
l
owingappara
tus (
4mks
)
i. Po oter
i
i. Swe epn et
ii
i. Ch lorofo
rm
iv. Ap a
iro ff
orceps
19.Thefo
ll
owingisa nil
lust
rat
ionofacert
ainpr
ocessth
atoccursinmamma l
s.

a
)Na
mep
roc
essP (
1mk
)
b
)Na
met
hej
ui
cei
nvo
lve
dinp
roc
essP (
1mk
)
c
)Gi
vear
eas
onwh
yli
verd
ama
gel
ead
stoi
mpa
ir
edd
ige
sti
ono
ffa
ts (
1mk
)
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om
 d)Wh atwoul
db eli
kel
yeff
ectondi
gest
ionifth
esmalli
nt
est
in
eofah u
ma nbein
gisre
duce
dina
n
ope
rat
io
n (1mk)
20.Nametwospeci
al
izedt
issu
einma mmal
s (
2mks)
21.
Ane xp
eri
mentwascarr
iedouttoi
nves
ti
gat
eth eef
fe
ctoft
emper
atu
reontherateofr
eac
ti
on
cat
al
yzedbyanenz
yme .Theresul
tsa
reshowninthetab
lebel
ow.
O
TEMPERATURE(C) RATEOFREACT I
ONI NMGOF
PRODUCTSPERUNI TTIME

5 0.
2

10 0.
5

15 0.
8

20 1.
1

25 1.
5

30 2.
1

35 3.
0

40 3.
7

45 3.
4

50 2.
8

GOL
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ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
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il
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om
 55 2.
1

60 1.
1

a
.Onthegri
dprov
ide
ddrawagra
phofr
ateo
fre
acti
onag
ain
st
t
emper
atur
e. 6mk
b
.Wh e
nwa st
herat
eofr
eact
io
n2.6mgofpr
oduc
tperu
nitt
ime
? 2mk
s

c
.Ac c
ountfo
rtheshapeoft
hegr
aphbet
we e
n
o o
(
i)5ca nd40c 2mk
s
(
i)45oca
i nd60oc 3mk
s
o o
d
.Ot h
ertha
ntempera
turena
metwowa y
sinwhi
chth
era
teofr
eac
ti
onbet
ween5ca nd40ccoul
d
bei
ncre
ased. 2mks
e
.
(
i)Nameonedige
sti
veenzy
meinth
eh umanb
odywhi
chwor
ksbes
tina
cid
icc
o nd
it
ion.
1mk
(
ii
)Ho
wist
hea
cid
icc
ond
it
io
nfo
rth
een
zymen
ame
din(
e)(
i)a
bov
eat
ta
ine
d? 2mk
s
f
.Th
eac
idi
cco
nd i
ti
ons(
e)(
ii
)abov
earel
at
erneu
tra
li
ze
d.
i
.Wher
edoesthene
utr
al
iz
ati
onta
kepl
ace
? (
1mk
)

i
i
. Na
met
hes
ubs
tan
cer
esp
ons
ibl
efo
rne
utr
al
iz
ati
on. (
1mk
)

22.De
scr
ibehowwa t
ermove
sfr
omt h
esoil
tothel
eav
esofat
r e
e (
10mks)
23.
i
. Ex p
lai
nh o
wt hemammal
ia
nintes
ti
nesar
eadap
tedtop
e r
for
mthei
rfun
cti
on(
5mk s
)
i
i
. De scr
ibehowenvi
ron
menta
lfac
tor
sinc
reas
ethera
teoft
rans
pir
ati
onint
err
est
ri
alpl
ant
s(5
mks)

ASSI
GNMENTT
HREE

1.St
udyt
hed
iag
ramb
elo
w

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 a
)Na metheappar
atu
s (1mk
)
b
)Su gg
estth
eu s
eo ft
heappar
atu
s. (
1mk)
c
)Na methepar
tlabe
ledAandstat
eit
sfun
cti
on. (
2mks
)
2.Namethef
iel
dofbiol
ogytha
tspeci
al
iz
esi
nthest
udyofth
efol
lowi
ng; (
3mks
)
i
. I nsec
ts
ii
. I nte
rre
lat
ions
hip
sbetweenor
gani
smandth
eirenv
ir
onment
.

i
ii
. He r
edi
tya
ndvar
ia
ti
ons.
3.T
hes
tr
uct
ureb
elo
wwa so
bser
vedund
ert
hel
i
ghtmi
cr
osc
ope
.

a
)I d
enti
fyt
hecel
lstr
uct
ure. (
1mk)
b
)Na methepar
tsl
abel
edAa ndB (
2mks)
c
)Statetwof
uncti
onsoft
heabovest
ruc
tur
e. (2mk
s)
4.T
hed
iagr
ambelo
ws h
owsac er
tai
ncel
linli
vi
ngorg
ani
sms
.

a
)
i
. Ident
if
yth
ecell (
1mk
)
i
i
. Givet
woreason
sfo
ryo
ura
nswe
r
(
2mks)
b
)Namet
hepar
tsl
abel
ed; (
3mk
s)
A ……………………. . D……………………….
B …………………….
. E…………………………
C ……………………. . F
……………………….
.
GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
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cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 c)St at
ethefuncti
onsoft
h epar
tsl
abe
ledC,DandE. (
3mk
s)
5.Nametheor
ganel
lesinacell
wh i
chp e
rf
ormthefo
ll
owin
gfuncti
ons
. (
3mk
s)
i
. Ex cre
ti
oninAmo eba
ii
. Se cre
ti
ono fsynt
hesi
zedprot
ein
sandcarb
ohydr
ate
s.
i
ii
. F ormati
ono fci
l
iaandfl
agell
a
6.Th
ediagr
amb el
owr e
p r
ese
ntsacrosssec
ti
onofapla
ntpar
t.

i
. Fro
mwhic
hpartoft
hepl
antwast
hese
cti
onob
tai
ned
? (
1mk
ii
. Namet
hepar
tsla
bel
edA,
Ba ndC. (
3mk
s)
A…………………………….. B………………………. . C……………………..

i
i
i. Wh
ati
sth
efu
nct
io
nof
thep
artl
abe
ledC? (
2mk
s)
7.
i. Whati
str
ansp
ira
ti
on? (
1mk)
i
i. Gi
vetwoimpo
rta
nceoft
ransp
ira
ti
oni
npl
ant
s (
2mks
)
i
i
i. Na
met wosi
te
sfort
rans
pir
ati
on (
2mks)

i
v. Na met heinst
rumentwhi
chisusedtod
eter
minetr
ans
pir
ati
onrat
e. (1mk
8.Namethe: (
2mks
)
a)Ma t
eri
alt
h a
tstre
ng t
henst
hexyle
mt i
ssu
e
b)Tiss
uethati
sremo vedwhenthebar
kofadic
otyl
edon
ouspla
ntisr
ing
ed.
9.Namethebl
oodvesselt
hattra
nspor
tsbl
oodfro
m; (
2mk
s)
a
.L ungstotheh eart
b
.T heaortatotheli
ver
10.
Thed
iagr
amb e
lowi l
l
u s
tr
atesbl
oodcir
cul
ati
onincer
tai
norga
nsinhumans
.

a
)Na
met
hep
artl
abe
ledA ……………………………… (
1mk
)

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 b)Namethebloo
dv ess
elslabel
edB,D,EandF. (4mks)
c)Stat
ehowthecompos i
ti
ono fbl
oodinvesse
lEdif
fer
sfr
omthati
nves
selD.(3mk s)
.
E D
d)Expl
ai
ntherol
eo fbi
leintheproces
sofdig
est
ion (2mks)
11.
Bel
owisadia
gra
mma t
icsumma r
yo fthemainbio
chemic
aleve
ntsi
nphot
osy
nthes
is
. Stud
yit
car
efu
ll
yandans
werthequest
ionsthatfo
ll
ow.
St
ageA--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
---Chloro
p hy
ll

Mol
ecul
eP Wa te
r
Hydr
oge
na t
oms GasQ
St
ageB-
--
--
--
--
--
---
--
--
--
--
--
---
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
GasW

Gl
uco
se
Rea
cti
onZ
St
arch
a
.
i
. De fi
nephoto
synt
h es
is (1mk
i
i
. Na methes t
agesAa ndB (2mks)
A………………………………. B……………………………
ii
i
. Na methegasesr
e pr
esent
edbythel
ett
ers (2mk
s)
Q………………………………. .W………………………………….
b.Na methespec
if
icsi
tef
o rth
ereact
io
nsinstag
eAa ndB (
2mk s)
A……………………………………. .B…………………………………….
c.Na mere
a c
ti
onZ…………………………………………. . (
1mk
d.Wh atna
mei sgi
veninspli
tt
ingwat
ermo l
ecul
eint
oh y
dro
gena
toma
ndg
asQ? (1mk.
e.Na meonefact
ortha
taff
e c
tthera
teofphot
osynt
hesi
s (
1mk)
12.Anexpe
ri
me ntwassetupasshowninthefi
gur
eb el
ow.

T
heg
luc
oses
olu
ti
onwa
sbo
il
eda
ndc
ool
edb
efo
rea
ddi
ngy
eas
t.T
hes
etu
pwa
sle
fti
nst
andf
ora
bou
t

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
30minu
tes.
a.Wh a
tchangesoccurredint he
i) l
imewa t
er (
1mk)
ii
) gluc
o s
ea ndy ea
st? (
2mks)
ii
i) Ex p
lai
ny ouran s
we rin(a)above (
3mks
)
iv
) Na methep rocessthatwasb ei
nginve
sti
gat
ed. (1mk
)
v) Whatwa stheroleo foi
lintheboil
i
ngtube? (1mk
)
vi
) Su gges
tc o
n t
rolexp er
imentsfo
rtheaboveex
peri
ment
. (
2mks)
vi
i) Su gges
tthere as
o nforboili
ngandcooli
nggl
ucoseb
efor
ead
din
gy e
ast
. (
2mks)
13.
a)Di s
ti
ngui
shb et
wee nhe t
e r
odontsandhomo d
onts
. (
2mks
)
b)Wh ati
sthes i
gnif
ic
a nceo fdi
astemainherbi
vor
ousmammals? (
1mk)
c)Statet
heroleofcarnassialte
ethinalion
? (1mk
)

d
)Anorg
ani
smwa
sfo
undt
oha
vet
hede
nta
lfo
rmu
la:
1 0 C 3P 4
i M
1 0 2 4

i
. Ca
lcu
lat
ethet
ota
lnumbero
fteet
hintheor
gani
sm (1mk)
i
i
. Wi
thareas
onsugge
stt
hemo d
eo ff
eed
ingoft
heorg
ani
smf
romwhi
chden
talf
ormu
la
wa
so b
tai
ned. (
2mks
)

e
)St
at
eon
ead
apt
at
io
noft
hea
nima
lst
hatu
sest
hemo
deo
ffe
edi
nga
bov
e. (
1mk
)

14.
Bri
ef
lyde
scr
ibeth
eroleofOsmos
isi
nli
vi
ngor
gan
isms (
10mk
s)
15.
Exp
lai
n5fac
torsaf
fe
cti
ngthera
teofb
rea
ti
ngi
nhumanbe
ing
s. (
10mks
)

ASSI
GNMENTF
OUR

1. Na meth ebr
anchesofbi
ologyth
atdealwi
thst
udyof
(a
) I nhe
rit
anceandvari
at
ions (1mk)
(b
) Ch emicalc
hangesins
idel
ivi
ngo r
gani
sms (1mk)
(c) Therel
ati
onshi
pbetweenorgani
smsandthei
renvi
ron
ment
(1mk
)
(d
) I ns
ects ( 1mk)
2.(a
) St
atetwofunct
ionsofce
llmemb r
ane (2mk)
(b
) Na met hecel
lorgane
ll
esthatwoul
dbea b
undanti
n

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 (
i)Skele
talmuscl
es( 1mk)
(
ii
)Palis
adecell
s ( 1mk )
(
ii
i)Fatcel
ls (1mk )
3. Ex plai
ntheimport
anceo feac
hofth
efoll
owingdur
ingt
hepr
oce
sso
fdige
sti
oni
nhu
man
be
ing
s
(
a) T eet
h (1mk )
(
b) Sa li
va (
2mk s
)
4. St atet
wowa y
sinwhicha ct
iv
etr
anspo
rtsdi
f
fersf
romdi
ff
usi
on(
2mks)

5. Nametwoimp or
tan
tsta
gesofp h
o t
osynt
hes
isandst
at
ewhereinthec
hlo
rop
las
ts,
eac
hta
kes
pl
aces
.(4mks)
(
b) Expl
ai
nh owthefol
l
owingfa
c t
orsaff
ectt
herat
eofphot
osy
nthesi
s
(i
) Co ncen
tra
ti
ono fc
arb
on( 1v)Oxi
d e(1mk)
(i
i
) L i
g h
tinte
nsi
ty (1mk)
6. Thedi
agrambelowshowsth
et ra
n s
ver
sesect
io
no fayo
ungste
m

(
a) Wh atar
ethefunc
ti
o n
so fthest
ruct
ure
slabel
edA,B,CandD(4MKS)
A
B
C
D
(
b) Wh att
ypeofcel
larefou
n dinthepar
tla
bele
dEa ndF(1MK)
(
c) I
ftheshootf
romwh i
chth i
ssect
ionwasobta
inedhadbee
nimmer
sedi
nre
dco
lou
redwa
terf
or
oneh o
ur,whatpar
tonth edia
gramwo ul
dbestai
ned(
1mk )
(i
i) Giveareas
onforyou ran
swerinc(i
)above
(1mk)

(
d) Ist
hi
samo noco
torad
icots
tem?Giveatl
eas
tthr
eere
asonst
osup
portyo
urans
wer
(
4mk s
)
7 Thet
ableb
elo
ws ho
wsthepe
rcent
agecomposi
ti
onbyvol
umeofi
nhal
edandexh
ale
dai
r.
Gas Inha
ledai
r(%) Exha
ledai
r(
%)

Ox
yge
n 21 16

Ca
rbo
n(I
V)o
xid
e 0.
04 4.
0

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 Ni
t
rog
en 78 78

(
a) Bywh a
tperce
ntageis
(i
)Ca r
bondiox
ideconcent
rat
ioni
ne xha
ledai
rh i
gherthani
nhaledair
? (
1mk
(i
i)Oxy
genconcentr
ati
onintheexha
ledai
rlowerthantheinha
ledair
.( 1mk)
(
b)Ex
pla
inthedi
ff
ere
nceinthecomposit
io
no ft
heg as
esbetweeninhal
eda n
de xha
ledai
r.(
3mks)
8 Inaninve
sti
gat
ion,ast
udentext
rac
tedthr
eep i
ece
so fpawpawcyli
ndersusi
ngacor
kbore
r.
Thecyl
inde
rswerecutbackto
p50mml e
ng t
handp l
acedinabeakerconta
ini
ngasol
ut
io
n.
Theres
ult
saft
er40mi nut
eswereasshowninthetablebel
ow.
Feat
ure Result

Av
era
gel
eng
tho
fcy
li
nde
rs(
mm) 56mm

St
if
fne
sso
fcy
li
nde
rs St
if
f

(
a) Acc
ountfo
rther
esu
lt
sint
hetabl
ea b
ove (
3mks)
(
b) Whatwoul
dbeasui
tab
lecon
trols
etupfo
rthei
nve
sti
gat
io
n? (
2mks
)
9 Th
efigu
rebel
owisadi
agr
amo facel
lasse
enunde
rthel
ightmi
cr
osc
ope.

(
a) Namet hr
e estr
uctur
e sthatshowsthisi
sap lantcel
landn o
ta nani
malcell
. (3mk
s)
b
) Nameo nec hemical
c omp oundthatisonl
yf oundinthest
ructur
elabe
ledAa n
ds t
at
eit
s
fu
nctio
n (2mk
s)
c) Namet heflui
dinthep artla
beledBa ndstatei
tsfunct
ions. (
3mks)
d) Wh a
tisthema inchemi c
a lco
mp oun
dfoun dinthestr
uctur
elabel
edC? (1mk
)
e) Suggestwh ythest
ruc t
ureslabele
dAwo uldmo r
eo nonesidetha
ntheo t
hersi
de. (2mk
s)
10(
a) Namet hes t
ruc
turalunit
so fl
ipi
d s. (
1mk)
b) Sta
tethreeimpo r
tantfuncti
onso fl
ipi
dsinlivi
ngo r
ganis
ms . (
2mks)
c) Othert
h anthroughe nz
yma ti
cac t
ion,h
owe l
secanad is
acchari
debehydrol
yze
dtoit
s
cons
tit
u e
n tmonosaccharides
. (1mk)
11.
Thedi
agr
a mb elowrepr
es ent
sp ar
to fageaso
u ssyst
emi nag r
asshoppe
r.
P Q

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 a)Na
methest
ruc
tur
esl
abe
ledPandQ
P……………………………………………………… (
1ma
rk)
Q……………………………………………………… (
1ma
rk)
b
)Sta
tet
hefu
ncti
onoft
hest
ruc
tur
ela
bel
edP (
1ma
rk)
c
)De
scr
ibet
hep
atht
ake
nbyc
arb
on(
IV)o
xid
efr
omt
het
is
sue
soft
hei
nse
ctt
hea
tmo
sph
ere
(3ma
rks
)
d
)Ho
wist
hes
tr
uct
urel
abe
ledQa
dap
tedt
oit
sfu
nct
io
ns (
2ma
rks
)
12. Statefi
vedif
fer
ence
sb e
twee
na e
robi
candan
a e
rob
icr
espi
rat
io
n. (
5mks)
13.
(a
)Statefourcha
ract
eri
st
ic
sofgaseo
usexch
angeorr
esp
ira
tor
ysurf
ace
s.(4mks)
(b
) De scr
ibeth
eme chan
ismofbre
athi
nginamammalunde
rthef
oll
owings
ubh
eadi
ngs
.(16mk
s)
In
halat
ion
Exhal
at
ion

14.
Thed
iag
ramb
elo
wsh
owsp
arto
fal
ong
it
udi
nal
sec
ti
ono
far
oot
:-

(
a) Id
enti
f
yce
ll
sKandL:- (
2mk
s)
K
L
(
b) St
atet
woada
pta
ti
onso
fCe
llKt
oit
sfu
nct
io
ns:
- (
2mk
s)
15.
Thed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsas
ect
io
nth
rou
ghama
mma
li
anh
ear
t.

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 a
.La
belth
epar
tsmarkedA, BandC.( 2mks)
b
.St
atet
hest
ruc
tura
ldif
fe
ren
cesbet
wee
nb l
oodves
sel
sla
bel
edAandB.(3mk
s)
c
.Ex
plai
nwhychamberChasth
ick
erwal
l
sthant
hec h
amberl
abe
ledD. (
2mks)

ASSI
GNMENTFI
VE
1. De fi
net
hefo
ll
owi
ngb
ran
che
sofBi
ol
ogy
. (
2mk
s)
i
)Ge
net
ic
i
i
)En
tomo
log
y
2. (
a)De
fi
net
het
erms
pec
ies
. (
2mk
s
(
b)Wh
icht
axo
nomi
cgr
ouph
ast
hel
ar
ges
tnu
mbe
rofme
mbe
rs?(
1mk
)
3. (
a)Na
met
hel
abo
rat
orya
ppa
rat
usu
sedf
ort
hef
ol
lo
win
g; (
2mk
s)
(
i)Ca
tch
ings
mal
lf
ly
ingi
nse
cts

(
ii
)Su
cki
ngs
mal
lan
ima
lsf
romr
ocks
urf
ace
sorb
ark
soft
ree
s

4.St
at
eth
efu
nct
io
nso
fea
cho
fth
efo
ll
owi
ngo
rga
nel
l
es.
a
)Nu
cle
olu
s……………………………….
………………………….
.(
1mk
)

b
)Go
lgi
app
ara
tus
.(
2mk
s)
5.Na
mea
nyt
hre
esp
eci
al
iz
edp
lan
tce
ll
s. (
3mk
s)
6. T
hef
ig
urebe
lowsho
wsa p
par
atu
satt
hest
arto
fane
xpe
ri
men
ttoi
nve
sti
gat
eth
edi
ges
ti
ono
fan
e
mul
si
onoff
atdr
opl
et
sinwat
erbye
nzy
meA.
Par
ti
all
ypermea
blemembr
ane
GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO. F
ORMARKI NGSCHEMESCAL LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
p ke
m
Emuo
l
si
c
io
os@
nogm
ff
aai
l
td.
c
ro
o
pm
le
tsi
nwat
er+Enz
ymeA
Wa
ter+p
Hin
dic
ato
r

T
igh
tl
yti
ed
 T
hepHi n
dicat
orisgre
eninap Hof7,bl
uewh e
nt hep
Hi sabo
ve7a n
dredwhe
niti
sbel
ow7.
o
T
heappar
atusi
ske p
tat40Cf or20min
utesdur
ingwhi
chtimethei
ndi
cat
orc
han
gesf
romgre
en
t
ore
d .
(
a) Desc
rib
eh owthepro
du c
tsoff
atdi
ges
tio
nenterape
rson’
sbloo
d. (
1mk)

(
b)i
)St
at
eth
eid
ent
it
yof
enz
ymeA.
.(
1mk
)
i
i
)Ex
pla
inwh
yth
eap
par
atu
swa
ske
p t40oC(
ta 1mk
)
(
c) Na
met
hep
rod
uct
sof
dig
est
io
noft
hee
mul
si
onb
yen
zymeA. (
2mk
s)
(
d) De
scr
ibet
hep
roc
esswh
ichl
edt
oth
ech
ang
einp
H (
3mk
s
7.i
)St
at
eth
epr
odu
cto
fph
oto
lys
isi
nph
oto
syn
the
sis
. (
3mk
s)
i
i
)Gi
vet
woa
dap
tat
io
nofal
eaff
orp
hot
osy
nth
esi
s. (
2mk
s)
8.a)St
atet
woro
lesof
bilejui
ce. (
2mk
s)
b
)Nametwos
alt
sinbi
lethatai
dinemuls
if
ic
ati
onoff
ats
. (
2mk
s
9.Thed
iagr
ambe
lowrepr
e s
entsalo
ngit
udi
nalse
cti
onofahu
mant
oot
h.

a
)Ident
if
ythetypeoftoot
h...
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
(1mk)
b
)Giveonereasonforyo
uranswerin(a)abov
e. (1mk)
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
c
)Stat
eo nef
uncti
ono ft
hetoot
h. (
1mk)
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.

d
)St
at
eth
efu
nct
io
noft
hep
artl
abe
ledQ (
1mk
)

10a
)Na
met
hre
efo
rce
sth
atma
int
ai
ntr
ans
pir
ati
ons
tr
eam. (
3mk
s)
b
)Ex
pla
int
woa
dap
tat
io
nso
fxy
lemt
is
suet
oit
sfu
nct
io
n. (
2mk
s)
11.a
)St
at
eth
ead
van
tag
eso
fha
vin
gth
efo
ll
owi
ngb
loo
dty
pes
.
i
)Bl
oodt
ypeAB:
i
i
)Bl
oodt
ypeO:(
1mk
)
b)St
at
efourwaysi
nwh i
cht
heredb
loodce
ll
sarea
dap
tedt
oth
eirf
unc
ti
on (
4mk
s)
c
)Na meth
ea nt
ig
ensth
atdet
ermi
nehumanbl
oodgr
oup
s. (
2mk
s)
GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
13.St
at
eth
reet
heo
rie
sth
ate
xpl
ai
nst
heme
cha
nis
mofo
pen
inga
ndc
los
ingo
fth
est
oma
ta: (
3mk
s
14.T
hedia
gramb e
lowrepr
ese
ntsamodeloflu
ngsandt
hora
x.Wh e
nrub
bers
hee
tisp
ull
ed
d
own
wa r
dsth
eball
oon
sinf
la
te;
andwh
eniti
sra
ise
dth
eba
ll
oonsd
efl
at
e.
a
)Wh a
tpar
tsoft
hema
mmal
ia
nbod
yar
erep
res
ent
edb
y;
i
)Gla
sst
u b
es.
……………………………….
.(
1mk)

i
i
)Be
llj
ar
.………………………………….
.(
1mk
)

i
i
i)Ru
bbe
rsh
eet
.……………………………(
1mk
)

i
v) Ba
ll
oon
s.……………………………….
.(
1mk
)

b
)St
at
eth
eimp
ort
anc
eofb
rea
thi
ngt
hro
ught
hen
oset
hant
hro
ught
hemo
uth (
2mk
s)

15.T
heo
xid
ati
ono
fac
ert
ai
nsu
bst
rat
eisr
epr
ese
nte
dbyt
hec
hemi
cal
equ
ati
ons
hownb
elo
w.
C57H104O6+80O2 57C02+Ene
rgy
a
)Ca
lcu
lat
eth
ere
spi
ra
tor
yqu
oti
ent(
RQ)o
fth
esu
bst
rat
e. (
2mk
s
b
)Id
ent
if
yth
eab
oves
ubs
tr
ate
.(1mk
)
16. Anani
mali
sfo
u ndt
oha
vel
ar
geg
lome
rul
ian
dsh
ortl
oopo
fHe
nle
s.Ac
cou
ntf
ort
hep
res
enc
e
of
i)La
rgegl
omer
ul1mk)
i
i
) Sh
ortl
oopo
fHe
nle
.
i
i
i) St
at
eth
epo
ssi
bl
eaq
uat
ich
abi
ta
t(1mk
)

17.St
udyt
hed
iag
rambel
owandans
wert
hequest
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w
F
urt
herex
ces
s
X
Exces
s cor
rec
ti
vemec
hani
smA
Ne
gat
iv
efe
edb
ack
No
rm Nor
m
Ne
gat
iv
e
f
eed
bac
k
De
fi
ci
enc
y c
orr
ect
iv
eme
cha
nis
mB
X
Fur
the
rde
fi
ci
enc
y
a
)Na
met
hep
rin
cip
lel
abe
ledX(
1mk
)

b
)Ift
hea
bov
edi
agr
amr
epr
ese
nte
dbl
oods
uga
rre
gul
at
io
n
GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
i)Sta
tet
hecorr
ect
iv
emecha
nis
msca
rri
edoutatA (
2mk
s)
i
i
)Thecon
dit
io
nthatmayr
esu
ltf
romt
hefur
the
re x
ces
s (
1mk
)
i
i
i)T
heh
ormo
net
hatwo
uldb
ere
spo
nsi
bl
efo
rco
rre
cti
ngt
hed
efi
ci
enc
y (
1mk
)
18.
a)T
heski
nasanorganpl
a y
sar o
lei
nHo me
ost
asi
s.Nametwor
ole
soft
hehu
mansk
ini
n
homeos
tas
is
. (
2mk
s)
b) Mela
nocyt
esar
ecell
softheski
nres
pons
ibl
eforpr
odu
cti
ono
faski
npi
gment
.
(i
) Namethepig
me ntpro
ducedbymel
anoc
ytes(
1mk)

(
ii
)Inwh
ichl
aye
roft
hee
pid
ermi
soft
hes
kina
reme
lan
ocy
tesf
oun
d?(
1mk
)

i
i
i) St
at
eth
epr
ima
ryf
unc
ti
ono
fth
epi
gme
ntn
ame
din(
b)(
i)a
bov
e. (
1mk
)

19.
Lis
tdo
wnt
woe
con
omi
cimp
ort
anc
ean
aer
obi
cre
spi
ra
ti
ona
gri
cul
tu
re
(
2mk
s)
ASSIGNMENT6
TRANSPORTI
NPLANT
S

1. I
nane
xpe
ri
men
t,al
eaf
ysh
ootwa
sse
tupi
nap
hot
ome
tera
ndk
epti
nad
arkr
oomf
or

2h
our
s.T
hes
etu
pwa
sth
ent
ran
sfe
rre
dtoawe
ll
-l
i
tro
omf
or2h
our
s.

a
) Wh
atwa
sth
eai
moft
hi
sex
per
ime
nt? (
1mk
)

b
) Ex
pla
int
her
esu
lt
swh
ichwo
uldb
eex
pec
tedi
nea
cho
fth
etwo

e
xpe
ri
men
tsc
ond
it
io
ns. (
3mk
s)

2. Ex
pla
inh
owd
roo
pin
gofl
eav
eso
nah
ots
unn
yda
yisa
dva
nta
geo
ust
opl
ant
.

(
2mk
s)

3. Ex
pla
inh
owe
nvi
ron
men
tal
fac
tor
saf
fe
ctt
her
ateo
ftr
ans
pir
ati
oni
nfl
owe
ri
ngp
lan
ts.

(
20mk
s)

4. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsat
ran
sve
rses
ect
io
nofay
oun
gst
em.

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 a
) Na
met
hep
art
sla
bel
edAa
ndB (
2mk
s)

A___________
________

B___________
_________

b
) St
at
eth
efu
nct
io
nso
fth
epa
rtsl
abe
ledC,
Dan
dE

C___________
_____

D_______________

E_______________

c
) L
istt
hre
edi
f
fer
enc
esb
etwe
ent
hes
ect
io
nsh
owna
bov
ean
don
e

t
hatwo
uldb
eob
tai
nedf
romt
her
ooto
fth
esa
mep
lan
t(3mk
s)

5. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tst
hep
ath
wayo
fwa
terf
roms
oil
int
oth
epl
ant
.

a
) Na
met
hes
tr
uct
ure
sla
bel
edKa
ndL

K_______________

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 L
___
________
____ (
2mk
s)

b
) Ex
pla
inh
owwa
terf
romt
hes
oil
rea
che
sth
est
ruc
tur
ela
bel
edL
.

(
5mk
s)

c
) Na
met
hep
roc
essb
ywh
ichmi
ner
als
alt
sen
teri
nt
oth
epl
ant
.

(
1mk
)

6. St
at
etwowa
ysi
nwh
ichx
yle
mar
ead
apt
edt
oth
eirf
unc
ti
on. (
2mk
s)

7. Wh
atma
kesy
oun
ghe
rba
ceo
usp
lan
tre
mai
nup
rig
ht? (
2mk
s)

8. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsp
arto
fph
loe
mti
ss
ue

a
) Na
met
hes
tr
uct
ure
sla
bel
edRa
ndSa
ndac
ell
lab
ele
dT.

R ___________________

S ___________________

Ce
llT ___________________ (
3mk
s)

b
) St
at
eth
efu
nct
io
noft
hes
tr
uct
urel
abe
ledS. (
1mk
)

c
) Ex
pla
inwh
yxy
lemi
same
cha
nic
alt
is
sue (
2mk
s)

9. Na
met
he

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 a
) Ma
ter
ia
lth
ats
tr
eng
the
nsx
yle
mti
ss
ue. (
1mk
)

b
) T
iss
uet
hati
sre
mov
edwh
ent
heb
arko
fad
ico
tyl
edo
nou
spl
anti
sri
nge
d.

(
1mk
)

10. Ho
war
exy
lemv
ess
elsa
dap
tedf
ors
upp
ort
? (
1mk
)

11. Wh
ati
sth
ero
leo
fva
scu
larb
und
lesi
npl
antn
utr
it
io
n? (
3mk
s)

12. a
) Na
met
wot
is
sue
swh
icha
ret
hi
cke
nedwi
thl
i
gni
n. (
2mk
s)

b
) Ho
wiss
upp
orta
tt
ai
nedi
nhe
rba
ceo
usp
lan
t? (
1mk
)

13. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsat
ran
sve
rses
ect
io
nth
rou
ghap
lan
tor
gan
.

a
) F
romwh
ichp
lan
tor
ganwa
sth
ese
cti
ono
bta
ine
d? (
1mk
)

b
) Gi
vet
wor
eas
onsf
ory
oura
nswe
rin(
a)a
bov
e. (
2mk
s)

c
) Na
met
hep
art
sla
bel
edJ
,Ka
ndL (
3mk
s)

J
________________________
__________

K_________________________________

L
___
________
______________________

d
) St
at
etwof
unc
ti
onso
fth
epa
rtl
abe
ledM. (
2mk
s)

14. De
scr
ibeh
owwa
termo
vesf
romt
hes
oil
tot
hel
eav
esi
nat
ree
.(20mk
s)

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 15. St
at
etwowa
ysi
nwh
icht
her
ooth
air
sar
ead
apt
edt
oth
eirf
unc
ti
on.

(
2mk
s)

16. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsap
lan
tti
ss
ue.

17. I
nane
xpe
ri
men
ttod
ete
rmi
net
hee
ff
ecto
fri
ngi
ngo
nth
eco
nce
ntr
ati
ono
fsu
gari
n

p
hlo
em,
ari
ngo
fba
rkf
romt
hes
temo
fat
reewa
scu
tan
dre
mov
ed.
Thea
mou
nto
f

s
uga
ring
ramme
spe m3p
r16c iec
eofb
arka
bov
eth
eri
ngwa
sme
asu
redo
vera24h
our

p
eri
od.
Sug
arwa
sal
some
asu
rei
nth
eba
rko
fas
imi
l
ars
temo
fat
reewh
ichwa
sno
t

r
ing
ed.
Ther
esu
lt
sar
esh
owni
nth
eta
bleb
elo
w

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 Amo
ngo
fsu
gari
ngr
amme
spe m3p
r16c iec
eofb
ark

T
imeo
fth
eda
y No
rma
lst
em Ri
nge
dst
em

0645 0.
78 0.
78

0945 0.
80 0.
91

1245 0.
81 1.
01

1545 0.
80 1.
04

1845 0.
77 1.
00

2145 0.
73 0.
95

0045 0.
65 0.
88

a
) Us
ingt
hes
amea
xes
,pl
otag
rap
hoft
hea
mou
nto
fsu
gara
gai
nstt
ime

(
6mk
s)

b
) Atwh
att
imewa
sth
eamo
unto
fsu
garh
igh
esti
nth
e;

i
)Ri
nge
dst
em (
1mk
)

i
i
)No
rma
lst
em (
1mk
)

c
) Ho
wmu
chs
uga
rwo
uldb
eint
her
igg
eds
temi
fi
twa
sme
asu
reda
t0345h
our
s.

(
2mk
s)

d
) Gi
ver
eas
onswh
yth
erewa
ssu
gari
nth
est
emso
fbo
tht
ree
sat0645h
our
s.

(
2mk
s)

e
) Ac
cou
ntf
ort
hes
hap
eoft
heg
rap
hfo
rth
etr
eewi
thr
ing
eds
temb
etwe
en:

i
) 0645h
our
san
d1545h
our
s (
3mk
s)

i
i
)1545h
our
san
d0045h
our
s (
2mk
s)

f
) Ot
hert
hans
uga
rsn
amet
woc
omp
oun
dst
hata
ret
ran
slo
cat
edi
nph
loe
m.

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 (
2mk
s)

18. Ex
pla
inwh
ypl
ant
ssh
edo
fft
hei
rle
ave
s. (
2mk
s)

19. a
) Wh
ati
sth
eimp
ort
anc
eoft
ran
spi
ra
ti
ont
opl
ant
s?

b
) Gi
vea
dap
ti
vef
eat
ure
swh
iche
nab
leap
lan
ttor
edu
cet
hel
osso
f

wa
ter
.

ASSIGNMENTSEVEN
TRANSPORTI
NANI MAL
S

1. Pe
opl
eca
ndi
ewh
ent
heyi
nha
leg
ase
sfr
omb
urn
ingc
har
coa
linp
oor
lyv
ent
il
at
ed

r
ooms
.Wh
atc
omp
oun
disf
orme
dint
heh
uma
nbo
dyt
hatl
ead
stos
uchd
eat
hs?

(
1mk
)

2. Ex
pla
inwh
ybl
oodf
romad
ono
rwh
oseb
loo
dgr
oupi
sAc
ann
otb
etr
ans
fus
edi
nt
oa

r
eci
pi
entwh
oseb
loo
dgr
oupi
sB. (
2mk
s)

3. St
at
eon
edi
f
fer
enc
ebe
twe
enc
los
eda
ndo
penc
ir
cul
at
orys
yst
ems
. (
1mk
)

4. a
) Gi
vea
nex
amp
leo
fap
hyl
umwh
erea
llme
mbe
rsh
ave

i
) Op
enc
ir
cul
at
orys
yst
em

i
i
) Cl
ose
dci
rc
ula
tor
ysy
ste
m (
2mk
s)

b
) Wh
ata
ret
hea
dva
nta
geso
fth
ecl
ose
dci
rc
ula
tor
ysy
ste
mov
ert
he

o
penc
ir
cul
at
orys
yst
em? (
5mk
s)

5. Ex
pla
int
wowa
ysi
nwh
ichma
mma
li
ane
ryt
hro
cyt
es(
redb
loo
dce
ll
s)a
rea
dap
tedt
o

t
hei
rfu
nct
io
n (
2mk
s)

6. a
) i
) Na
met
heb
loo
dve
sse
lst
hatl
i
nka
rte
ri
ol
eswi
thv
enu
les
.

(
1mk
)

i
i
) Ex
pla
inf
ourwa
ysi
nwh
icht
hev
ess
elsy
oun
ame
din(
a)
GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 a
bov
ear
esu
it
edt
oca
rry
ingo
utt
hei
rfu
nct
io
ns.
(4mk
s)

b
) St
at
etwowa
ysi
nwh
icht
hec
omp
osi
ti
ono
fbl
oodi
nth
e

p
ulmo
nar
yar
ter
iol
esd
if
fe
rfr
omt
hati
nth
epu
lmo
nar
yve
nul
es.

(
2mk
s)

7. Wh
ywo
uldc
arb
oxy
hae
mog
lob
inl
eadt
ode
ath
? (
2mk
s)

8. Ex
pla
inh
owt
her
edb
loo
dce
ll
sofma
mma
lsa
rea
dap
tedf
ore
ff
ic
ien
ttr
ans
por
tof

o
xyg
en. (
2mk
s)

9. T
hec
har
tbe
lowi
sas
umma
ryo
fth
ebl
oodc
lot
ti
ngme
cha
nis
minma
n.

Na
me

i
) T
heb
loo
dce
ll
sre
pre
sen
tedb
yX

i
i
) Me
tal
ionr
epr
ese
nte
dbyY

i
i
i) T
hee
ndp
rod
ucto
fth
eme
cha
nis
mre
pre
sen
tedZ

10. a
) Ho
wca
nex
ces
sbl
eed
ingr
esu
lti
nde
ath
? (
2mk
s)

b
) Na
met
hep
roc
essb
ywh
icht
heh
uma
nbo
dyn
atu
ral
l
yst
ops

b
lee
din
g. (
1mk
)

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 c
) Ho
wca
nlo
wbl
oodv
olu
meb
ebr
oug
htb
ackt
ono
rma
l?(
2mk
s)

11. a
) Na
meo
ned
efe
cto
fth
eci
rc
ula
tor
ysy
ste
minh
uma
ns.(
1mk
)

b
) St
at
eth
reef
unc
ti
onso
fbl
oodo
the
rth
ant
ran
spo
rt. (
3mk
s)

12. a
) Wh
atp
rev
ent
sbl
oodi
nve
insf
romf
l
owi
ngb
ack
war
ds?(
1mk
)

b
) St
at
etwowa
ysi
nwh
icht
her
edb
loo
dce
ll
sar
ead
apt
edt
oth
eir

f
unc
ti
on. (
2mk
s)

13. St
at
eon
ewa
ybywh
ichHI
V/AI
DSi
str
ans
mit
te
dfr
ommo
the
rtoc
hil
d.

(
1mk
)

14. Ex
pla
inh
owt
hev
ari
ousc
omp
one
ntso
fbl
ooda
rea
dap
tedf
ort
hei
rfu
nct
io
n.

(
20mk
s)

15. Di
st
in
gui
shb
etwe
enb
loo
d,p
las
ma,
ser
um,
ti
ss
uef
l
uida
ndl
ymp
h.

(
10mk
s)

16. a
) Ap
ati
entwh
oseb
loo
dgr
oupi
sAd
ieds
hor
tl
yaf
te
rre
cei
vi
ng

b
loo
dfr
omap
ers
ono
fbl
oodg
rou
pB.
Exp
lai
nth
epo
ssi
bl
eca
useo
fde
atho
f

t
hep
ati
ent
. (
2mk
s)

b
) Ap
ers
ono
fbl
oodg
rou
pABr
equ
ire
sat
ran
sfu
sio
n.

i
) Na
met
heb
loo
dgr
oup
soft
hep
oss
ibl
edo
nor
s(2mk
s)

i
i
) Gi
ver
eas
onsf
ory
oura
nswe
rin(
i)a
bov
e. (
2mk
s)

17. Di
f
fer
ent
ia
teb
etwe
ena
cti
vei
mmu
nit
yan
dpa
ssi
vei
mmu
nit
y. (
2mk
s)

18. Ex
pla
inwh
yap
ers
onc
anc
atc
hac
olds
eve
ral
ti
mesi
nay
earb
uto
nlyc
atc
hesme
asl
es

o
ncei
nhi
sorh
erl
i
fet
ime
. (
2mk
s)

19. Mo
stc
arb
ond
iox
idei
str
ans
por
tedf
romt
is
sue
stot
hel
ung
swi
th
int
her
edb
loo
dce
ll
s

a
ndn
oti
nth
ebl
oodp
las
ma.
Giv
etwoa
dva
nta
geso
fth
ismo
deo
ftr
ans
por
t.

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 (
2mk
s)

20. Wh
ati
sth
eimp
ort
anc
eoft
is
suef
l
uid
? (
2mk
s)

ASSI
GNMENT8
GASEOUSEXCHANGE

1. Di
scu
ssh
owg
ase
ouse
xch
ang
eoc
cur
sin

a
) T
err
est
ri
alI
nse
cts (
9mk
s)

b
) Bo
nyf
i
sh (
11mk
s)

2. a
) Ex
pla
inh
owma
mma
li
anl
ung
sar
ead
apt
edf
org
ase
ouse
xch
ang
e.

(
8mk
s)

b
) De
scr
ibeh
owc
arb
ond
iox
idei
spr
odu
cedb
y

i
) Re
spi
ri
ngmu
scl
ece
ll
sre
ach
est
hea
lve
ola
rca
vit
ie
sin

ma
mma
li
anl
ung
s.

i
i
) Re
spi
ri
ngme
sop
hyl
lce
ll
soff
l
owe
ri
ngp
lan
tsr
eac
hest
he

a
tmo
sph
ere
. (
12mk
s)

3. a
) De
scr
ibet
hep
atht
ake
nbyc
arb
ond
iox
ider
el
eas
edf
romt
het
is
sue
s

o
fani
nse
ctt
oth
eat
mos
phe
re.

b
) Na
met
wos
tr
uct
ure
sus
edf
org
ase
ouse
xch
ang
einp
lan
ts. (
2mk
s)

4. Wh
yar
egi
l
lsi
nfi
shh
igh
lyv
asc
ula
ri
ze
d? (
1mk
)

5. De
scr
ibet
he

a
) Pr
oce
sso
fin
hal
at
io
ninma
mma
ls. (
10mk
s)

b
) Me
cha
nis
mofo
pen
inga
ndc
los
ingo
fst
oma
ta(
10mk
s)

6. Na
met
hre
esi
te
swh
ereg
ase
ouse
xch
ang
eta
kesp
lac
eint
err
est
ri
alp
lan
ts.

(
3mk
s)

7. Ho
wisa
ere
nch
ymat
is
suea
dap
tedt
oit
sfu
nct
io
n? (
2mk
s)
GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 8. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tsap
arto
fth
eri
bca
ge.

a
) Na
mep
art
sla
bel
edW,
Yan
dZ.

b
) Ho
wdo
est
hep
artl
abe
ledZf
aci
l
it
at
esb
rea
thi
ngi
n? (
1mk
)

9. St
at
etwowa
ysi
nwh
ichf
l
oat
in
gle
ave
sofa
qua
ti
cpl
ant
sar
ead
apt
edt
oga
seo
us

e
xch
ang
e. (
2mk
s)

10. a
) Na
met
wos
tr
uct
ure
sfo
rga
seo
use
xch
ang
eina
qua
ti
cpl
ant
s.

(
2mk
s)

b
) Wh
ati
sth
eef
fe
cto
fco
ntr
act
io
noft
hed
iap
hra
gmmu
scl
esd
uri
ng

b
rea
thi
ngi
nma
mma
ls? (
3mk
s)

11. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wre
pre
sen
tss
omeg
ase
ouse
xch
ang
est
ruc
tur
esi
nhu
man
s.

a
) Na
met
hes
tr
uct
urel
abe
ledK,
Lan
dM (
3mk
s)

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 b
) Ho
wist
hes
tr
uct
urel
abe
ledJs
uit
edt
oit
sfu
nct
io
ns? (
3mk
s)

c
) Na
met
hep
roc
essb
ywh
ichi
nha
leda
irmo
vesf
romt
hes
tr
uct
ure

l
abe
ledLi
nt
obl
oodc
api
l
lar
ie
s. (
1mk
)

d
) Gi
vet
hes
cie
nti
f
icn
ameo
fth
eor
gan
ismt
hatc
aus
est
ube
rcu
los
isi
n

h
uma
ns. (
1mk
)

12 St
at
eth
reef
act
orst
hatma
kea
lve
olu
sad
apt
edt
oit
sfu
nct
io
n.(
3mk
s)

13. Ex
pla
inh
owt
hea
lve
oli
arev
ent
il
at
ed.

14. Ex
pla
inwh
ywa
terl
ogg
ingo
fth
eso
ilma
yle
adt
ode
athi
npl
ant
s. (
2mk
s)

15. Wr
it
eth
reea
dva
nta
geso
fbr
eat
hi
ngt
hro
ughn
oset
hant
hro
ughmo
uth
.(3mk
s)

16. St
at
ean
dex
pla
inwa
yst
hel
eav
esa
rea
dap
tedf
org
ase
ouse
xch
ang
e(4mk
s)

17. Na
met
hre
ega
seo
usc
ons
ti
tu
ent
sin
vol
vedi
nga
seo
use
xch
ang
einp
lan
ts.(
3mk
s)

18. Na
met
hre
esi
te
sofg
ase
ouse
xch
ang
einf
rog
s. (
3mk
s)

19. Na
met
hema
ins
it
eofg
ase
ouse
xch
ang
ein

a
) Ma
mma
ls

b
) F
ish

c
) L
eav
es

d
) Amo
eba (
4mk
s)

20. Na
met
hep
hys
iol
ogi
cal
pro
ces
sbywh
ichg
ase
xch
ang
eta
kesp
lac
eatt
her
esp
ira
tor
y

s
urf
acei
nan
ima
lsa
ndp
lan
ts (
1mk
)

ASSIGNMENT9
RESPIRAT
ION

1. T
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wsh
owsas
etu
pth
atwa
sus
edt
ode
mon
str
atef
erme
nta
ti
on.

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
Gl
uco
ses
olu
ti
onwa
sbo
il
eda
ndo
ila
dde
dont
opo
fit
.Th
egl
uco
ses
olu
ti
onwa
sth
ena
ll
owe
dtoc
ool

b
efo
rea
ddi
ngt
hey
eas
tsu
spe
nsi
on.

a
) Wh
ywa
sth
egl
uco
ses
olu
ti
onb
oil
edb
efo
rea
ddi
ngt
hey
eas
t

s
usp
ens
ion
? (
1mk
)

b
) Wh
atwa
sth
eimp
ort
anc
eofc
ool
i
ngt
heg
luc
oses
olu
ti
onb
efo
re

a
ddi
ngt
hey
eas
tsu
spe
nsi
on? (
1mk
)

c
) Wh
atwa
sth
eus
eoft
heo
ili
nth
eex
per
ime
nt? (
1mk
)

d
) Wh
ato
bse
rva
ti
onwo
uldb
ema
dei
nte
stt
ubeBa
tth
een
doft
he

e
xpe
ri
men
t (
1mk
)

e
) Su
gge
stac
ont
rol
fort
hi
sex
per
ime
nt (
1mk
)

2. Gi
vet
wor
eas
onswh
yac
cumu
lat
io
nofl
act
ica
cidd
uri
ngv
igo
rou
sex
erc
isel
eadt
oan

i
ncr
eas
einh
ear
tbe
at. (
2mk
s)

3. Ap
roc
esst
hato
ccu
rsi
npl
ant
sisr
epr
ese
nte
dbyt
hee
qua
ti
onb
elo
w.

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH)+ (
2CO2)+En
erg
y

Gl
uco
se Et
han
olCa
rbo
nDi
oxi
de

a
) Na
met
hep
roc
ess (
1mk
)

b
) St
at
eth
eec
ono
mici
mpo
rta
nceo
fpr
oce
ssn
amei
n(a
)ab
ove
.

(
1mk
)

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 4. Ot
hert
hanc
arb
ond
iox
ide
,na
met
heo
the
rpr
odu
ctso
fan
aer
obi
cre
spi
ra
ti
oni
npl
ant
s.

(
2mk
s)

5. Na
met
hes
ubs
tan
cewh
icha
ccu
mul
at
esi
nmu
scl
eswh
enr
esp
ira
ti
ono
ccu
rswi
th

i
nsu
ffi
ci
ento
xyg
en. (
1mk
)

6. a
) I
nwh
atf
ormi
sen
erg
yst
ore
dinmu
scl
es? (
1mk
)

b
) St
at
eth
eec
ono
mici
mpo
rta
nceo
fan
aer
obi
cre
spi
ra
ti
oni
npl
ant
s.

(
2mk
s)

7. St
at
efo
urwa
ysi
nwh
ichr
esp
ira
tor
ysu
rfa
cesa
res
uit
edt
oth
eirf
unc
ti
on.

(
4mk
s)

8. a
) Ad
ogwe
igh
ing15.
2kgr
equ
ire
s216k
Jwh
il
eamo
usewe
igh
ing

50gr
equ
ire
s2736KJp
erd
ay.
Exp
lai
n. (
2mk
s)

b
) Wh
ati
sth
een
dpr
odu
cto
fre
spi
ra
ti
oni
nan
ima
lswh
ent
her
eis

i
nsu
ffi
ci
ento
xyg
ens
upp
ly? (
1mk
)

9 a
) Na
met
hep
rod
uct
sofa
nae
rob
icr
esp
ira
ti
oni
n:

i
) Pl
ant
s (
1mk
)

i
i
) An
ima
ls (
1mk
)

b
) Wh
ati
sox
yge
nde
bt? (
1mk
)

10. 5C51H98O6+145O2 1O2CO2 +98H2O+e

ner
gy

T
hea
bov
eeq
uat
io
nsh
owsa
nox
ida
ti
onr
eac
ti
ono
ffo
ods
ubs
tan
ces
.

a
) Wh
atd
oyo
uun
der
st
andb
yth
ete
rmr
esp
ira
tor
yqu
oti
ent
? (
1mk
)

b
) De
ter
min
ere
spi
ra
tor
yqu
oti
ento
fth
eox
ida
ti
ono
ffo
ods
ubs
tan
ce.

(
2mk
s)

c
) I
den
ti
fyt
hef
oods
ubs
tan
ces
. (
1mk
)

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
ANCYP.OBOX2345KERICHO.F
ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
LOR
TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
7060REMAILki
pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 11 Wr
it
edi
f
fer
enc
esb
etwe
ena
ero
bicr
esp
ira
ti
ona
ndp
hot
osy
nth
esi
s. (
4mk
s)

12. Be
lowi
sad
iag
ramo
fano
rga
nel
l
eth
ati
sin
vol
vedi
nae
rob
icr
esp
ira
ti
on.

a
) Na
met
heo
rga
nel
l
e (
1mk
)

b
) Na
met
hep
art
sla
bel
edA,
B,a
ndC. (
3mk
s)

c
) Wh
ati
sth
epu
rpo
seo
fth
efo
ldi
ngl
abe
ledD? (
1mk
)

d
) Gi
vet
hec
hemi
cal
comp
oun
dwh
ichi
sfo
rme
dint
heo
rga
nel
l
ean
d

f
ormst
hei
mme
dia
tes
our
ceo
fen
erg
y.

ASSIGNMENT10
EXCRETI
ONANDHOMEOST
ASI
S

1.I
nani
nve
sti
gat
io
nth
epa
ncr
eat
icd
ucto
fama
mma
lwa
sbl
ock
ed.
Itwa
sfo
undt
hatt
heb
loo
d

s
uga
rre
gul
at
io
nre
mai
nedn
orma
lwh
il
efo
odd
ige
sti
onwa
simp
air
ed.
Exp
lai
nth
ese

o
bse
rva
ti
ons
. (2ma
rks
)

2. (
a) Ex
pla
inwh
yth
ebo
dyt
emp
era
tur
eofah
eal
th
yhu
manb
ein
gmu
str
is
eup

o390co
t nah
umi
dda
y. (
2ma
rks
)

(
b) I
nane
xpe
ri
men
tap
iec
eofb
rai
nwa
sre
mov
edf
romr
at.
Itwa
sfo
undt
hat

t
her
ath
adl
ar
gef
l
uct
uat
io
nso
fbo
dyt
emp
era
tur
ess
ugg
estt
hep
arto
fth
ebr
ai
nth
at

h
adb
eenr
emo
ved
. (1ma
rk)

3. (
a) Ex
pla
inwh
yswe
ata
ccu
mul
at
eso
nap
ers
on’
ssk
ini
nah
oth
umi
d
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il
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om
 En
vir
onme
nt. (
2ma
rks
)

(
b) Na
met
hes
pec
if
icp
arto
fth
ebr
ai
nth
att
ri
gge
rss
wea
ti
ng.

(1ma
rks
)

4.Ex
pla
inwh
yso
med
ese
rta
nima
lse
xcr
eteu
rica
cidr
ath
ert
hana
mmo
nia
.

(
2ma
rks
)

5.St
at
eth
ero
leo
fth
efo
ll
owi
ngh
ormo
nesi
nth
ebo
dy

(
a) I
nsu
li
n (
3ma
rks
)

(
b) An
ti
di
ure
ti
cHo
rmo
ne (
3ma
rks
)

6.Wh
ato
smo
reg
ula
tor
ych
ang
eswo
uldt
akep
lac
einama
ri
nea
moe
bai
fitwa
str
ans
fer
redt
oa

f
res
hwa
tere
nvi
ron
men
t?

7.Na
met
woc
omp
one
ntso
fbl
oodt
hata
ren
otp
res
enti
ngl
ome
rul
arf
i
lt
rat
e.

(2ma
rks
)

8.Ho
wwo
uldo
nef
i
ndo
utf
romas
amp
leo
fur
inewh
eth
erap
ers
oni
ssu
ffe
ri
ngf
romd
iab
ete
s

me
ll
it
us? (
2ma
rks
)

9.Wh
eni
sgl
yco
gen
,wh
ichi
sst
ore
dint
hel
i
ver
,co
nve
rte
din
tog
luc
osea
ndr
el
eas
edi
nt
oth
e

b
loo
d? (2ma
rks
)

10.
Ape
rso
nwa
sfo
undt
opa
sso
utl
ar
gev
olu
meso
fdi
l
uteu
rin
efr
equ
ent
ly
.Na
met
he

(
a)Di
sea
sest
hep
ers
onwa
ssu
ff
er
ingf
rom (
1ma
rks
)

(
b)Ho
rmo
net
hatwa
sde
fi
ci
ent (
1ma
rk)

11.
Sta
tet
hei
mpo
rta
nceo
fos
mor
egu
lat
io
nino
rga
nis
ms (2ma
rks
)

12.
Wha
tha
ppe
nst
oex
ces
sfa
tt
yac
idsa
ndg
lyc
ero
lint
heb
ody
?(2ma
rks
)

13.
Giv
ere
aso
nsf
ore
acho
fth
efo
ll
owi
ng

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il
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om
 (
a)Co
nst
antb
odyt
emp
era
tur
eisma
int
ai
nedi
nma
mma
ls (1ma
rk)

(
b)L
owb
loo
dsu
garl
eve
lish
armf
ult
oth
ebo
dy (2ma
rks
)

14.
Thet
emp
era
tur
eof
ape
rso
nta
kenb
efo
red
uri
nga
nda
ft
ert
aki
ngac
oldb
ath
.Th
ere
sul
tsa
re

s
howni
nth
egr
aph

(
a)Ex
pla
inwh
yth
ete
mpe
rat
uref
el
ldu
rin
gth
eba
th (2ma
rks
)

(
b)Wh
atc
han
gesa
ppe
are
dint
hes
kint
hate
nab
ledt
heb
odyt
emp
era
tur
etor
etu
rnt
o

n
orma
l. (
2ma
rks
)

15.(
a)Na
met
hef
l
uidt
hati
spr
odu
cedb
yse
bac
eou
sgl
and
s (
1ma
rk)

(
b)Wh
ati
sth
ero
leo
fswe
ato
nth
ehu
mans
kin
? (2ma
rks
)

16.
Sta
tet
her
oleo
fin
sul
i
nint
heh
uma
nbo
dy? (1ma
rk)

17.
Des
cri
beh
owt
heh
uma
nki
dne
yfu
nct
io
ns. (20ma
rks
)

18.(
a) Wh
ati
sth
eme
ani
ngo
fth
efo
ll
owi
ngt
erms
:

(
i) Ho
meo
sta
sis (1ma
rk)

(
ii
) Os
mor
egu
lat
io
n (1ma
rk)

19.(
a) Ex
pla
inwh
ath
app
enst
oex
ces
sami
noa
cid
sint
hel
i
vero
fhu
man
s.

(3ma
rks
)

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il
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om
 (
b) Wh
ichp
ort
io
nso
fth
ehu
mann
eph
ron
sar
eon
lyf
oun
dint
hec
ort
ex?

(3ma
rks
)

(
c) (
i)Wh
atwo
uldh
app
eni
fap
ers
onp
rod
uce
dle
ssa
nti
di
ure
ti
cho
rmo
ne?

(1ma
rk)

(
ii
)Wh
att
ermi
sgi
vent
oth
eco
ndi
ti
ond
esc
ri
bedi
n(c
)(i
)ab
ove
?

(1ma
rk)

20.
Def
i
net
hef
ol
lo
win
gte
rms

(
a) Ex
cre
ti
on

(
b) Se
cre
ti
on

(
c) Eg
est
io
n (3ma
rks
)

21.
Namet
hec
omp
one
ntso
fbl
oodt
hatd
ono
ten
tert
her
ena
ltu
bul
einma
mma
ls

(
2ma
rks
)

22.
Thet
abl
ebe
lows
howst
hea
ppr
oxi
mat
epe
rce
ntc
onc
ent
rat
io
nofv
ari
ousc
omp
one
ntsi
nbl
ood

p
las
mae
nte
ri
ngt
hek
idn
eyg
lome
rul
arf
i
lt
rat
ean
dur
ineo
fah
eal
th
yhu
manb
ein
g.

Co
mpo
nen
t Pl
asma Gl
ome
rul
ar Ur
ineF
il
tr
ate

Wa
ter 90 90 94

Gl
uco
se 0.
1 0.
1 0

Ami
noAc
ids 0.
05 0.
05 0

Pl
asmap
rot
ei
ns 8.
0 0 0

Ur
ea 0.
03 0.
03 2.
0

I
nor
gan
ici
ons 0.
72 0.
72 1.
5

GOL
DENEL
ITEEDUCATI
ONALCONSULT
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ORMARKINGSCHEMESCAL
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TEXTMRCHEPKWONYON072435I
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pke
mo i
cos
@gma
il
.c
om
 (
b)Na
met
hep
roc
essr
esp
ons
ibl
efo
rth
efo
rma
ti
ono
fgl
ome
rul
arf
i
lt
rat
e.

(
c)Wh
atp
roc
essi
sre
spo
nsi
bl
efo
rth
eab
sen
ceo
fgl
uco
sea
nda
min
oac
idsi
nur
ine
?

(
d)Ex
pla
inwh
yth
erea
ren
opl
asmap
rot
ei
nsi
nth
egl
ome
rul
arf
i
lt
rat
e

(
e)Be
sid
esp
las
map
rot
ei
nswh
ato
the
rma
jorc
omp
one
nto
fbl
oodi
sab
sen
tint
heg
lome
rul
ar

f
i
lt
rat
e.

(
f)Wh
yist
hec
onc
ent
rat
io
nofu
reai
nur
inemu
chh
igh
ert
hani
tsc
onc
ent
rat
io
nint
heg
lome
rul
ar

f
i
lt
rat
e?

23.
Whe
nth
een
vir
onme
nta
lte
mpe
rat
urei
sve
ryh
igh
,so
mea
nima
lsu
rin
ateo
nth
eirl
egso
rli
ckt
he

s
ide
soft
hei
rbo
dy.
Howd
oest
hi
she
lpi
nte
mpe
rat
urer
egu
lat
io
n?

24.
Fis
har
eab
let
ous
emo
reo
fth
eirf
oodi
nt
akef
org
rowt
hth
anma
mma
ls.
Sug
ges
tane
xpl
ana
ti
on

f
ort
hi
s.

25.
Exp
lai
nth
ete
rmn
ega
ti
vef
eed
bac
k

26.
Stu
dyt
hed
iag
ramb
elo
wan
dan
swe
rth
equ
est
io
nst
hatf
ol
lo
w.

(
a)Na
met
heb
loo
dve
sse
lsl
abe
ledA,
Ban
dC.

(
b)I
fth
ean
ima
lsh
asr
ece
ntl
yfe
donad
ietwh
ichi
sri
chi
npr
ote
insa
nd

GOL
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om
 c
arb
ohy
dra
tesi
nwh
icho
fth
eve
sse
lsl
abe
ledA,
B,a
ndCwo
uldy
oue
xpe
ctt
ofi
ndt
heh
igh
est

c
onc
ent
rat
io
nof
:

(
i) Gl
uco
se

(
ii
) Ami
noa
cid
s

(
ii
i
) Ca
rbo
n(I
V)o
xid
e

(
iv
) Ox
yge
n

(
v) Ur
ea

(
c)Du
rin
gfa
sti
ng,
thel
eve
lofb
loo
dgl
uco
sei
nve
sse
lsCma
ybeh
igh
ert
hant
hel
eve
linv
ess
elB

e
xpl
ai
n

F
ORMARKI
NGSCHEMESCALLORTEXTMR
CHEPKWONYON072435I
706
Al
soava
il
abl
ear
eth
efo
ll
owingas
sig
nme n
tsf
ora
llc
las
ses(
F1-
4)
1)Kis
wahil
i
2)Maths
3)Engl
ish
4)Chemist
ry
5)Biol
ogy
6)Hist
ory
7)CRE
8)Busi
ness
9)Agri
cul
tur
e
10) Ho
mes ci
ence
11) Phy
sic
s
g
eogra
phy

GOL
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om