Semester Project Report

STUDENT’S NAME:
MUHAMMAD MAAHD JUNAID

Date
03/07/2022
ME109 ENGINEERING
DRAWING
—
Mr. Muhammad Umair

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INTRODUCTION
Provide a brief introduction to the problem and what is presented in the report. The
introduction section should not be more than a one page.

3D-MODEL OF VERNIER CALLIPARS:

The report shows the 3d- Model of Vernier calipers using Auto Cad. Along with its importance
and reason for choosing it.

GEOMETRY OF VERNIER CALLIPERS:

Vernier calipers consist up of a l-shaped geometry. It consists up of a main scale and a
Vernier scale. There are two types of jaws

1. Fixed jaw
2. Moveable jaw

As the name fixed jaw shows that it is fixed to the main scale of the calipers. The object
whose measurement is to be taken is placed between the two jaws. In order to make
measurement accurate there is a lock screw. Its function is to lock the position of scales so
that jaws don’t move and the reading can be taken accurately, reducing the risk of
personal and systematic error.

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There are two jaws present on the upper side of the Vernier calipers. These jaws are used
to measure the internal diameter of the object

At the bottom of main scale, there is a thumb screw which offer hand adjustment, which
allows for simple action to fasten, loosen, or remove the screws. Its advantage is that the
person can adjust screws with forefinger and thumb only.

Vernier scale is attached to the moveable jaw. It gives preciseness to the measurement. It
tells about the zero error. Vernier calipers has a zero error of 0.05mm.

At the side, there is a depth rod which is used to mark the depth of the object under study.

MODELLING COMMANDS:
Following are the some of the modelling commands used while creating 3d-model of
Vernier calipers.

1. STARTUP  CHANGE VALUE TO 1

2. ZOOM  ALL
3. LIMITS  0,0 TO 210,297
4. LINE COMMAND
5. FILLET COMMAND
Used to make straight line curve
6. TRIM COMMAND
Used to trim the unnecessary part of object
7. CIRCLE COMMAND
Used to draw circle:
8. 3D-MODELLING
Switches to 3D-Model Workspace
9. 3D-ORBIT
Used to look object from all anglles
10.PAN
Used to move model space
11.PRESPUL AND EXTRUDE COMMAND
In 3D-Modelling helps to give width of object

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 12.JOIN COMMAND
Used to join different lines to form a single line
13.COPY COMMAND
Used to copy an object. Line etc.
14.MOVE COMMAND:
Used to move the object
15.SECTIONAL plane:
Used to obtain 2D- views of the 3D object
16.DIMENSIONING
Helps to mark the measurement used
17.Ctrl+s
Used to save file
18.Ctrl+P
Used to convert file into pdf type
IS OBJECT MAKING REAL SENSE:
Yes, the object is making real sense as when it is made in practical, it gives basic instrument used
for measurements, used at many places such as in milling and in lathe machine. Also, it is used
by students for measuring different objects of interest ( to measure the external and internal
diameters) along with its depth.

REASON FOR CHOSING THIS MODEL:

Vernier Callipars is the basic tool of measurement which is taught at the basic level. Because of
its different purposes, like measuring it for internal and external measurements along with its
abilty to measure the depth of object makes it object of the right choice
STEPS INVOLVED WHILE MAKING (3D):
Making of inner jaws:

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MAKING EXTERNAL JAWS:

MAKING MAIN SCALE:

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MAKING OF VERNIER SCALE:

MAKING OF DEPTH ROD:

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FINAL VIEWS WITH LABELLING:

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HOW CAN TO MAKE BETTER?
I tried my best to create this model, however there are always area for improvement. To my
opinion this model could be made better by avoiding doubling of some lines,
Dimensioning could be improved as there are some figures which are not being showed exact.