Holiday work

1. Discuss the terms of the following treaties

Treaty of Versailles
The terms are Germany lost 10% if its land, All of its colonies-12% if it's population,16% if it's coalfields,
half of its iron and steel industry, most of its army and navy- all of its airforce

Armed forces

The treaty restrict German armed forces to: only 100,00 men in the army,conscription was banned-
soldiers,no submarines or airplanes, only six battleships and Rhineland had to be demilitarized

Reparations

Germany had to pay for all the damage of the war which cost 6,6 billion pounds ,Germany also lost
territory

Territorial loses,The Saar administered by the League of Nations,The creation of an independent Polish
state,West Prussia and Posen were given to Poland lastly Alsace-Lorraine was given back to France.it
also lead to the creation of the League of Nations

Treaty of St Germain (5)

Disarmament the army limited to a force of 30,000 volunteers, no navy or air force.

Reparations ,Austria did not pay much in reparations as her economy was so weak.

Land lost Austro-Hungarian Empire dismantled. Tyrol lost to Italy.

Dalmatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina were lost to Yugoslavia

Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania all gained land

Austria’s population fell from 22 million to around 6 million

Treaty of Neuilly (5)

Disarmament their army limited to a force of 20,000 volunteers, four torpedo boats, no air force

Reparations they had to pay reparations that were set at £100 million

Land lost - land lost to Yugoslavia, Romania and Greece

Treaty of Trianon (5)

Disarmament the army was limited to a force of 35,000 volunteers and three patrol boats,Reparations
so apart from some shipments of coal, Hungary could not meet the demands for reparations. As a result
the payments were suspended
Land lost .Austro-Hungarian Empire dismantled.

Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Romania all gained land from Hungary.

The population of Hungary fell from 21 million to around 7.5 million

2. The treaty of Versailles was a fair treaty.' Discuss this statement. Make sure you consider
different points of view.(10)
On one hand the Treaty of Versailles was not fair to Germany, but on the other hand it was. Germany
was said to be responsible for the cause of the war. If Germany was responsible for the starting of the
war then Germany deserved something bad in return. I agree with Georges Clemenceau of France
because Germany should never be allowed to start another war. The provision that was fair was the
decrease to Germany’s army. If Germany’s army is decreased then they are most likely not going to start
any more wars because they simply will not have enough manpower to help them succeed. The
provision that was unfair was the territorial extraction from Germany. Yes Germany is responsible for
starting the war, but it is not right and fair that they are getting land taken away from them for signing a
treaty that they were forced to sign.It was not fair because on the other hand germany was blamed and
had to take all responsibilities and had to face difficult consequences on its own.

3. Write short notes highlighting why the following countries were an obstacle to German
Unification
A) Denmark (3 marks)
B) Austria ( 3 marks)
unified German states would be stronger and more of a threat to Austria. 20 percent of the Austrian
Empire's subjects were German - the Emperor feared they would break away and join Germany, leaving
Austria weaker. German nationalism could inspire other national groups within the Empire to demand
independence.

France (3 marks)

France was strongly opposed to the annexation of the Southern German States by the North German
Confederation, which would have created too powerful a country next to its border. In Prussia, a war
against France was deemed necessary to arouse German nationalism in those States in order to allow
the unification of most German states into a great German empire. Franco-Prussian War must take place
before a united Germany was formed Bismarck also knew that France should be the aggressor in the
conflict to bring the Southern German States to side with Prussia, hence giving Germans numerical
superiority.

4. Outline the reasons for the failure of the league of Nations.(7 marks)
There had to be unanimity for decisions that were taken. Unanimity made it really hard for the League
to do anything. The League suffered big time from the absence of major powers — Germany, Japan, Italy
ultimately left — and the lack of U.S. participation.League failed in its main objective of maintaining
peace in the world . In Spite of its efforts for two decades , the whole world was involved in a war in
1939. By that time , the machinery of the League Of Nations had completely broken down.Domination
Of France and England: the League Of Nations was dominated by England and France and consequently
the other states began to lose their confidence in that organization.The member of the league lack
mutual cooperation which is always essential for the success of an organization.The League Of Nations
failed because of certain constitutional defects. In the cases of disputes brought before the council of
the League