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Taibah University
College of Engineering

Course title:

Statics
Code: GE 201
Total credit hours = 3
Pre-requisites: PHYS 103
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Lecturer: Dr. Ahmed Kamal

Dr. Ahmed Kamal

Required Textbook:

J. L. Meriam & L. G.
Craige, Engineering
Mechanics (Statics,
STATICS

Vol. 1), 7th ed., John

Wiley & Sons, 2007
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Dr. Ahmed Kamal

Schedule of Assessment Tasks for Students During the
Semester
Assessment task (e.g. essay, test, group Week Due Proportion of
project, examination, speech, oral Total
presentation, etc.) Assessment
1 Assignments / home works/labs Bi-weekly basis 10%

STATICS
2 Quizzes & reports Bi-weekly basis 20%
4 Major ( Mid-Term) Exam 9th week 30 %
6 As scheduled by
Final Exam 40 %
Univ. calendar

GE 201:
Total 100%

Lecture Hours:
3
Sun (10.00 – 11:15) + Thru (10.00 – 11:15) Online

1- Mechanics
Dr. Ahmed Kamal

Mechanics is the physical science which deals

with the effects of forces on objects.

The principles of mechanics are central to research and

development in the fields of vibrations, stability and
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strength of structures and machines, robotics, rocket

and spacecraft design, automatic control, engine
performance, fluid flow, electrical machines and
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apparatus, and molecular, atomic, and subatomic

behavior.
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A thorough understanding of this subject is an

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essential prerequisite for work in these and many
other fields.

The subject of mechanics is logically divided into two

parts:
statics,

STATICS
which concerns the equilibrium of bodies under action of
forces. It deals with the equilibrium of bodies, that is,
those that are either at rest or move with a constant

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velocity.

dynamics, 5

which concerned with the accelerated motion of bodies..

2- Basic Concepts
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a) Space
Described by linear and
angular measurements relative
to a coordinate system.
2D OR 3D
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b) Time is a basic quantity in dynamics

c) Mass is the quantity of
matter in a body. (Static)
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Mass can also be thought of

as a measure of the inertia of
a body, which is its resistance 6
to a change of velocity
(Dynamic).

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d) Particle is a body of negligible dimensions.

Dr. Ahmed Kamal

e) Rigid body. A body is considered rigid when the
change in distance between any two of its points is
negligible for the purpose at hand.

STATICS
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Dr. Ahmed Kamal

3- SCALARS AND VECTORS

Scalars: associated with “Magnitude” alone

- mass, density, volume, time, energy, speed…
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Vectors: associated with “Magnitude” and “Direction”

- force, displacement, velocity, acceleration, …
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Magnitude:
r Vector :
| V | or V
r
V or V
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θ : Direction

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Physical Quantity of Vector
Vectors representing physical quantities can be classified
• Fixed Vector
• Its action is associated with a unique point of application

• Described by magnitude, direction & point of application

STATICS
• Sliding Vector
• Has a unique line of action in space but not a unique point of
application.
• Described by magnitude, direction & line of action

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• Free Vector
• Its action is not confined or associated with a unique line in
space. 9
• Described by magnitude & direction

Vector’s Point of Application

Dr. Ahmed Kamal

Vectors: “Magnitude”, “Direction” “Point of Application”

r External
F effect
r r The external
r F F consequence
Internal
Effect –
F ? of these two
stress
= forces will be
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the same if
….
- Rigid Body
Fixed Vector Sliding Vector Free Vector
Force on rigid- rotating motion,
Force on non- rigid
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body couple rotation

body vector
F
Rigid
Body
F
F 10
Rotational motion occurs at
point of action line of action every point in the object.

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PRINCIPLES OF MECHANICS

Some principles that governs the world of Mechanics:

1. The Parallelogram Law

2. The Principle of Transmissibility

STATICS
3. Newton’s First Law
4. Newton’s Second Law

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5. Newton’s Third Law
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6. Newton’s Law of Gravitation

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1- THE PARALLELOGRAM LAW

The two vectors V1 and V2 ,treated as free vectors, can be
replaced by their equivalent V, which is the diagonal of
the parallelogram formed by V1 and V2 as its two sides.

r r
r r
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V2 V V r
V2 V2
r r
r V1 V1
V1
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r r r
V = V1 + V2 (generally V ≠ V1 + V2 )

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Note: If there are not free vectors, you can sum them if and only
if they have the same point of the application.

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We see from the diagram that the order of addition of the

Dr. Ahmed Kamal

vectors does not affect their sum, so that
V1+V2 = V2+V1.
The difference V1-V2 between the two vectors is easily
obtained by adding -V2 to V1

V1+V2 = V2+V1

STATICS
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V’ = V1-V2
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The vectors V1 and V2 are the components of V

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Rectangular Components
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Vectors Vx and Vy are the x- and y-components of V.

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The vector n is called a unit vector

V=Vn 14

Where V is a magnitude

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In many problems, particularly

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three-dimensional ones, it is
convenient to express the
rectangular components of V,
in terms of unit vectors i, j, and
k,
which are vectors in the x-, y-,
and z-directions, respectively,

STATICS
with unit magnitudes. Because
the vector V is the vector sum
of the components in the x-, y-,

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and z-directions, we can
express V as follows:

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which are defined by:

STATICS
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STATICS
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2- The Principle of Transmissibility

r r
F F
? If we concerns only about the external
= resultant effects on rigid body.
STATICS

The two force can be

considered equivalent if We can slide the force along its line
…… of action.
(force can be considered as sliding vector)
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“A force may be applied at any point on its given line of action

without altering the resultant effects external to the rigid body on 18
which it acts.”

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Summation of Force
r concurrent forces r r
F2 F1 + F2
r
F1

STATICS
non-concurrent
r
F2 if there are sliding vectors
r r r

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F2′ F1′ + F2′
r r
F1 F1′ 19

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STATICS
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csc θ =

STATICS
sec θ =

cot θ =

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(c) write S as a vector in terms of the unit vectors i and j and then
write a unit vector n along the vector sum S
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(d) determine the vector difference D = V1 - V2

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Solution: (a) We construct to scale the parallelogram for

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adding V1 and V2. Using the law of cosines, we have:

STATICS
(b) Using the law of sines for the
lower triangle, we have:

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(c) With knowledge of both S and , we can write the

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vector S as:
STATICS

(d) The vector difference D is

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x
D 24

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NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION (1st Law)

The study of rigid body mechanics is

formulated on the basis of Newton’s laws
of motion.
First Law:

STATICS
An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object
in motion tends to stay in motion with the same
speed and in the same direction, unless acted upon
by an unbalanced force.

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v v
∑ =0
F 25

Dr. Ahmed Kamal

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION (2nd Law)

Second Law:
The acceleration of a particle is proportional to the
vector sum of forces acting on it, and is in the
direction of this vector sum.
STATICS

r r
F m a
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r r
F = ma
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NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION 3rd LAW
Third Law:
The forces of action and reaction between interacting
bodies are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction,
and collinear (they lie on the same line).
Forces always occur in pairs – equal and

STATICS
opposite action-reaction force pairs.
r r r r
F −F F −F

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Point: Isolate the body 27

Confusing? Concept of FBD (Free Body Diagram)

Newton’s Law of Gravitation

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Gm1m2
F=
r2
- m1 & m2 are particle masses
- G is the universal constant of gravitation,
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6.673 x 10-11 m3/kg.s2

- r is the distance between the particles.
For Gravity on earth (at sea level) m
v r W=mg
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W = mg

where M
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- m is the mass of the body in question
- g = GM/r2 = 9.81 m/s2 (32.2 ft/s2)

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Units

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SI Units
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The weight W of the body

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U.S. Customary Units

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30

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Small-Angle Approximations

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STATICS
Thus, for small angles we may write:

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NOTE: provided that the angles are expressed in
radians.

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