CHAPTER 1

• Test 1 and Test 2 Information -Attention

to all students!

• TEST 1 Date : 28th April 2021 (Wednesday)

– Week 6-Time : 9.00 p.m. – 10.30 p.m. (1 hour 30
minutes)Mode : Online (Author UTHM)
Content : Chapter 1 & Chapter 2

• TEST 2Date : 9th June 2021 (Wednesday) –

Week 11Time : 8.00 p.m. – 9.30 p.m. (1 hour 30
minutes)Mode : Online (Author UTHM)
Content : Chapter 3 & Chapter 4
 Sustainable
Construction
WHAT?
The Triple Bottom Line
The TBL is an accounting
framework that incorporates three
dimensions of performance: social, SUSTAINABLE
environmental and financial. This ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT
differs from traditional reporting
frameworks as it includes
ecological (or environmental) and
social measures that can be
difficult to assign appropriate
ECONOMY SOCIAL
means of measurement. The TBL
dimensions are also commonly
called the three Ps: people, planet
and profits. We will refer to these
as the 3Ps.
What is needed
• Expanding future options - not
constraining future life experiences or
restricting future social choices - so that
future generations can enjoy at least the
same benefits as people do today.
• Design for nature. As we have exceeded the
Earth’s carrying capacity, and we cannot
increase the nature’s carrying capacity, we
can only achieve sustainability if we re-
design the built environment.
• Taking affirmative public action to reduce
the negative environmental impacts of past
developments (paid for by resource andJ. 2002
Birkeland,
energy savings or ‘performance
WHY?
Basics of sustainability

• It affects everyone: The ecosystems of the planet are interconnected (eg there is one
global water and air system) so what affects some regions or people eventually affects all.
The negative impacts of the non-sustainable systems are global.

• It is not a ‘future’ concern: Life is already un-sustainable for 1/3rd the world’s population
who live in extreme poverty without clean water, food or energy, often amidst warfare over
territory and resources (especially children, women and the poor). Sustainability requires
re-distribution.

• It is about ethics: Inequality eventually leads to disparities of power and wealth (ie access
to and control of resources) which ultimately results in physical conflict and environmental
destruction. Sustainability requires institutional and physical change to correct existing
inequities.

• It is a design problem. Sustainability is a function of systems design (eg development and

decision making systems). Currently, environmental management, planning and design are
part of the problem as they are focused on reducing the relative harm of future
development.

Birkeland, J. 2002
 4 Strategic Thrusts under CITP
QUALITY, SAFETY
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTIVITY
& INTERNATIONALISATION
SUSTAINABILITY
PROFESSIONALISM

Quality, safety Malaysia’s

More than Malaysian
and sustainable
doubling champions
professionalism construction
productivity, to lead the
to be ingrained to be a model
matched by charge locally
in industry for the
higher wages and globally
culture emerging world

QUALITY, SAFETY &
PROFESSIONALISM
Quality, safety and
professionalism to be construction to be a model for
ingrained in industry culture
CITP TRANSFORMATION
INITIATIVES TOWARDS
ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
4 Strategic Thrusts under CITP
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTIVITY INTERNATIONALISATION
SUSTAINABILITY
Malaysia’s sustainable More than doubling Malaysian champions
productivity, matched by to lead the charge locally
the emerging world higher wages and globally
Drive innovation in sustainable construction
Drive compliance to environmental sustainability
ratings and requirements
Focus on public projects to lead the charge on
sustainable practices
Facilitate industry adoption of sustainable practices
Reduce irresponsible waste during construction
HOW?
The Funnel System

The Funnel (Roberts, L., 2008)

Design as a sustainability solution
• Most of the problems related to environmental degradation (eg poverty, hunger,
disease, injustice) can be traced back to inappropriate (institutional and physical)
systems of development. The design, of the built environment determines the
resources, space and energy that is available for the future.
• Most diseases and injury in developing nations could be averted through small,
low-cost environmental interventions, and common sense approaches to
ecological environmental planning, management and design. Design for
sustainability can be cheaper than doing nothing.
• Infrastructure, buildings and cities could ‘decouple’ economic growth from
environmental impacts. Good design can provide a higher quality of life with
lower resource use. For social justice, environmental quality and security, design
in both the 3rd World and West must be re-conceived.
• The many potential sustainability analysis have been taken to enhance
sustainable development. For example: life cycle analysis, design charrette.
•A public meeting or workshop devoted to a concerted effort to solve a problem or plan the design of something.
•A period of intense work, typically undertaken in order to meet a deadline. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/charrette
QUESTIONS !!
• How an organization
can continuously
flourished despite tons
of challenges endlessly
keep crossing their path?

 Or, how can we place a

number of eggs inside a
small container
without the
probability of the eggs
will fall off?
 ANSWER !!

• Those questions might represents a severe

level of understanding but surprisingly
the answer might be the same:
• a good M_ A_ N_A _G E_M_E _N T_ _ _
efforts!
CHAPTER 1.1
DEFINITION AND
OVERVIEW OF
MANAGEMENT,
PROJECT,
CONSTRUCTION AND
SITE
CLARIFICATIONS

• In order to enhance students’

understanding on the whole
concept of
• “SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT MANAGEMENT”, an overview
of each terms will be presented.

• The followings is the guidance

flowchart:
The Guidance Flowchart
OVERVIEW OF TERMS:

1.1
• MANAGEMENT
• PROJECT
• CONSTRUCTION
• SITE

THEIR INTEGRATION:
• PROJECT MANAGEMENT
• CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
• SITE MANAGEMENT 1.2
Brief History

• Management practices can be traced

back to the ancient civilization as
early as 5000 BC.

• To record any transactions in

business, Sumerian priests of city of
Ur Iraq kept written records.

• They were using papers made of

papyrus.
 5000 BC Sumerians Record keeping
4000-2000 BC Egyptians Plan, organize, control. Written requests.
1800 BC Hammurabi Controls and written documentation
600 BC Nebuchadnezzar Wage incentives, production control
500 BC Sun Tzu Strategy
400 BC Xenophon Management as a separate art
400 BC Cyrus Human relations and motion study
175 Cato Job descriptions
284 Diocletian Delegation of authority
900 Alfarabi Listed leadership traits
1100 Ghazali Listed managerial traits
1418 Barbarigo Different organizational forms/structures
1436 Venetians Numbering, standardization, interchangeability
1500 Sir Thomas More Critical of poor management and leadership
1525 Machiavelli Cohesiveness, power, and leadership
Definition From
Dictionary
• Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
defines “management” as
controlling/organizing someone(s) or
something(s)
Basic Management Activities
• Define objectives
• Define resources needed
PLANNING in the project
• Develop strategy

• Distribute resources
• Supervise implementation
IMPLEMENTATION • Coordinate activities
• Motivate workers

• Compare between progress

and planning
CONTROLLING • Reporting
• Settle problems

Basic Management Activities

25
Management Approach
Organizational
• The importance of management relates to organizations where they exist to achieve results

Scientific
• The importance of selecting a proficient means in order to coordinate and control work

Bureaucracy

• The importance of expertise, discipline, and system of rules in management by using

administration

Human Relation
• The importance of primary deliberation through human psychology and social elements

System
• The importance of interrelated sub-systems while managing an organization

Contingency
• The importance of situational contingencies to select the most suitable structure system of
management.
Management Approach
Organizational
• The importance of management relates to organizations where they exist to achieve results

Scientific
• The importance of selecting a proficient means in order to coordinate and control work

Bureaucracy

• The importance of expertise, discipline, and system of rules in management by using

administration

Human Relation
• The importance of primary deliberation through human psychology and social elements

System
• The importance of interrelated sub-systems while managing an organization

Contingency
• The importance of situational contingencies to select the most suitable structure system of
management.
Management Functions in
Organizational Approach
Functions Management Scholars’ Point of View
Forecast /
Planning / / / / / / /
Organizing / / / / / / /
Commanding /
Coordinating / /
Motivating /
Staffing / /
Leading / / /
Influencing /
Directing /
Controlling / / / / / / /
Therefore…
• Organizational management became one of the
most important ingredients to determine a
successful organization which consists of
two or more people working together.

• A comprehensive definition of ORGANIZATIONAL

MANAGEMENT is “the attainment of
organizational goals in an effective and
efficient manner through management
functions (e.g. planning, organizing, leading,
and controlling) towards organizational
resources”
Definitions Of Project

• Project Management Institute (PMI, USA –

through The Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBoK)):
• “a temporary endeavour undertaken to
create a unique product or service”
• temporary means “every project has a
definite beginning and a definite end”
• unique as “the product or service is
different in some distinguishing way
from all similar products or services”
Definitions Of Project
• Association of Project
Management (APM, UK):
• “project is not an ordinary day-
to-day basis, which requires
temporary teamwork from
different parties since specified
start to end point, in order to
achieve common goals”
Definitions Of Project
• International Project Management
Association (IPMA, Holland – through
IPMA Competence Baseline document):
• “a time and cost constrained
operation to realize a set of defined
deliverables (the scope to fulfill the
project’s objectives) up to quality
standards and requirements”
Project Characteristics

Limited
Unique
resources

Limited
Constraints period of Time

Not
Defined goals repetitive
Project Characteristics

Limited
Unique
resources

Limited
Constraints period of Time

Not
Defined goals repetitive
Critical Components In
Project
Scholars’ Point of View
Cost/budget / / / / /
Time/schedule / / / / /
Quality / / / / /
Scope / / / /
Resources / / / / /
Overall client / / /
satisfaction
Keep an /
equilibrium
Therefore…
COST

RESOURCES TIME

SCOPE QUALITY

The Collection of Project’s Critical Components (should

be in equilibrium)
Sustainable Approach
Current Trend

Globalisation &
Global economic
crisis

Increasing
Pressure

Sustainable
Construction as
priority

Paradigm shift from traditional to sustainable approach

(Yang et al. 2005)
 The
Project
Life Cycle Operation & Design &
of a Maintenance Engineering

Construct
ed Facility
Disposal of
Market
Startup for
demands or
facility Occupancy
Perceived needs

Conceptual
Procurement &
planning &
Construction
Feasibility study
 The
Project
Life Cycle Operation & Design &
of a Maintenance Engineering
Construct
ed Facility Market
Disposal of Startup for
demands or
facility Occupancy
Perceived needs

Conceptual
Procurement &
planning &
Construction
Feasibility study
 Detailed design,
Project construction Operation
Conceptual Retirement
initiation and planning, Construction and
design and disposal
assessment resource maintenance
acquisition

Typical project phases

 The Project Life
Cycle of a
Constructed
Facility

http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu
General Sequence Of
Project Phases
Project (any) Project (Construction)
Scholars Scholars’ Point of View
Phases 1. Initiation 1. Definition 1. Idea
2. Planning 2. Design 2. Conceptual design
3. Implementation 3. Construction 3. Approval of conceptual design
4. Close-out 4. Preliminary & final design
5. Bid package complete
6. Decision to release for bid
7. Advertise notice to bidders
8. Bid period & receipt of proposals
9. Select contractor
10. Notice to proceed
11. Construction period
12. Inspection & acceptance of project
General Sequence Of
Project Phases
Project (any) Project (Construction)
Scholars Scholars’ Point of View
Phases 1. Initiation 1. Definition 1. Idea
2. Planning 2. Design 2. Conceptual design
3. Implementation 3. Construction 3. Approval of conceptual design
4. Close-out 4. Preliminary & final design
5. Bid package complete
6. Decision to release for bid
7. Advertise notice to bidders
8. Bid period & receipt of proposals
9. Select contractor
10. Notice to proceed
11. Construction period
12. Inspection & acceptance of project
Definition from
Dictionary
• “Construction” is a noun for “building”
• Commonly recognized as “an act to
produce something or product”
 Write down what
do you know about
construction…..

So then, WHAT DO YOU

NEED TO KNOW???
What You Need To Know…

• “Construction” may go
through the process of
building something from:
• The scratch, or
• Remodeling, or
• Upgrading an existing
product.
What You Need To Know…

Construction
VS Manufacturing
What You Need To Know…
• A “construction” process is differing from
a “manufacturing” process although it
produces a kind of product:
 “manufactured” products begin with an initial
design and it will be produced according to the
market analysis and what are the respective
customers wanted. Initially, they will not have a
customer until the product is being displayed on
a market shelves.

 “construction” product will started according

to the demand and request by a respective
customer, or simply the client. The process also
What You Need To Know…

skills,
pattern of
knowledg relationsh
e, ip between
parties,

The
environme
nt where
construct Construc the
ion
techniques
tion is particula
unique r
,
construct
ion takes
place.
Definition of
Construction
• A construction consists of:

• a collection of activities
which need to be arrange
according to:
the predetermined specification,
and
within a given time frame.
What You Need To Know…
• Construction was:
• a complex,
• dynamic, and
• full of uncertainty.

• Every person within the

environment (i.e. construction
practitioners):
• need to be managed, and
• their relationship must be kept smooth
and uncluttered.
What You Need To Know…
social,

economics,
Factors
market forces,
that
influence labour resources,

the emergence of new technologies,

progressio environmental, and

n of government regulations.

construct
What You Need To Know…

• Construction phase
is commonly prone to
cost overruns due to
several well-known
problems (i.e. changes,
delays, etc.) which
usually followed by
changes in contract
and claims.
What You Need To Know…
• During the construction phase,
contractor plays a significant role.

• Their contribution may start as early as

the tendering or bidding process until
the physical product is completed as
planned.
Resources in
Construction Money

Machineries
Ressources Materia
(4Ms) ls

Manpow
er
 General Sequence Of
Construction Process

Scholars’ Point of Views

Phase 1 Bidding & selecting Bidding Bidding Contracting
Phase 2 Construction Pre-construction Construction Execution
Phase 3 Close-out Construction Inspection & Close-out
acceptance
Phase 4 Close-out Occupancy
 Constructi
on Process

Component Component
Production Transportation

Planning Design Construction Operate & Disassembly

& Assembly Maintenance / Demolition
Definition Of Site

• Construction site is a PLACE to

transform, exploit and utilize
several basic resources such as
manpower, materials, and machines
into a physical product.
What You Need To Know…
• After the selected contractor from the
previous bidding activity was being awarded,
they will be given a notice to proceed with
the actual construction.

• From there on, the particular contractor

are granted an access to a site where the
physical construction works will be
commenced.

• Therefore, a site can be considered a place

where a constructed facility will be built.
What You Need To Know…
• A proper site planning is a must, where it will
concurrently support the site operations
and effective flow of resources without
compromising the safety and health needs.

• The substantial generation of money in a

construction site which may determine either
the particular construction will gain
profits or losses
What You Need To Know…
• Thus it requires a significant attention
on the:
• efficiency,
• productivity
• quality.

• Especially on two essential activities

which are:
• the materials and equipments handling, and
• the workforces’ skills in utilizing those
resources to produce the end product.
What You Need To Know…

• Site activities need to be defined

concisely in order to MANAGE all
resources efficient and effectively
towards achieving the
construction goals.