APPENDIX.

™ REFERENCES

53. Pender, M. J., Graham, C. J., and Gray, W. J., "Pre-failure Dilatancy and
the Stress Distribution in a Closely Jointed Rock Mass," Proceedings of the Fifth
Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Preprints Part C, Aus-
tralian Geomechanics Society, Melbourne, 1983, pp. C165-C171.
54. Rowe, P. W., "Theoretical Meaning and Observed Values of Deformation
Properties for Soil," Stress-Strain Behaviour of Soils, R. H. G. Parry, ed., Foulis
Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by New York University on 05/10/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

and Company, Henley-on-Thames, 1972, pp. 143-194.

55. Simmons, J. V., "Shearband Yielding and Strain Weakening," thesis pre-
sented to the University of Alberta, at Edmonton, Canada, in 1981, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
56. Walters, J. V., and Thomas, J. N., "Shearzone Development in Granular Ma-
terial," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Numerical Methods
in Geomechanics, Z. Eisenstein, ed., A. A. Balkema, Edmonton, Vol. 1, 1982,
pp. 263-274.

Closure by Edwin T. Brown,6 M. ASCE, John W. Bray,7

Branko Ladanyi,8 F. ASCE, and Evert Hoek'

The writers wish to thank Simmons for his interest in the paper and
for his generous remarks on it. Of course, Simmons is correct in noting
that the material models presented by the writers may be unnecessarily
restrictive for some applications. Where sufficient computing power is
available, and its use is warranted, the models could be modified to ad-
vantage as suggested by Simmons, by incorporating features such as
pre-peak dilation. However, as Simmons recognizes, the objective of the
paper was to present relatively simple solutions which could be readily
implemented using a programmable calculator or desk-top computer and
used for carrying out design calculations routinely at the engineer's desk.
For this compelling reason, the number of linear segments used in the
stress-strain models was minimized.
The writers cannot agree with Simmons' suggestion that the residual
strength, as depicted in the models, represents a "critical state" condi-
tion of no further plastic volumetric strain such that the parameter F
should always be zero. Much of the reliable experimental data for rocks
known to the writers, including those cited in the paper, indicate that
even after an apparent residual strength has been reached, further de-
formation is often accompanied by increments of dilation. Such behavioi
has been observed in cases in which both localized failure and more
general deformation of the specimen occur. It has been observed in triax-
ial compression tests on high and low porosity rock material (8,15,58),
in shear tests on clean, rough discontinuities (57), and in triaxial
6
Prof. of Rock Mechanics, Dept. of Mineral Resources Engrg., Imperial College
of Science and Technology, London SW7 2BP, England.
'Reader in Rock Mechanics, Dept. of Mineral Resources Engrg., Imperial
College of Science and Technology, London SW7 2BP, England.
"Prof., Ecole Poly technique, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University de Montreal, CP
6079, Station A, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
'Principal, Golder Assoc, 224 West 8th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia V5Y
1N5, Canada.
140

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1984.110:140-141.

 compression tests on models of discontinuous rock masses (6,41). Ac-
cordingly, the writers considered that solutions in which F # 0 would
find more general application than solutions in which F was uniquely
zero.

APPENDIX.—REFERENCES
Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by New York University on 05/10/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

57. Bandis, S., Lumsden, A. C , and Barton, N. R., "Experimental Studies of

Scale Effects on the Shear Behavior of Rock Joints," International Journal of
Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 1, Feb., 1981, pp. 1-21.
58. Elliott, G. M., "An Investigation of a Yield Criterion for Porous Rock," thesis
presented to the University of London, at London, England, in 1982, in ful-
fillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Errata.—The following corrections should be made to the original paper:

Page 18, Table 1, Col. 1, line 13: Should read "Diest, 1965"
Page 18, Table 1, Col. 2, line 17: Should read "Tresca"
Page 18, Table 1, Col. 4, lines 41 and 47: Should read "parameter 0"
Page 19, Table 1, Col. 1, line 5: Should read "Kennedy and Lindberg,
1978"
Page 19, Table 1, Col. 1, line 21: Should read "Brown et al., 1983"
Page 20, paragraph 2, line 5: Should read ". . . for the plastic zone.
Hobbs (25) also used different strengths for the elastic and plastic zones,
and added . . . "
Page 21, paragraph 2, line 7: Should read ". . . experimental data as
exist . . . "
d
Page 29, Eq. 45: Should read JL) + (dJL
r
u-n ~ u) r 2 dr/(hl) \dr/(j)
r
Page 29, Eq. 46: Should read "- w „
r
0'-i)
Page 29, paragraph 3, line 3: Should read "r (;) "
Page 29, Eq. 51: Should read "fy-n - r(i) and - [r{j-i) + r ( ; ) ]''
2_i2
r -
Page 30, Eq. 55b: Should read "k = ^ — ^
Lty-i) + ty).
Page 35, paragraph 3, step 1: Should read "(mp0/ac)"
Page 35, paragraph 3, step 3, line 2: Should read "= (p0 - p,)/2G"
Page 35, paragraph 3, step 6: Should read "(p ; /m r o- c )"
Page 36, paragraph 1, step 6: Should read "<rn = 2p0 - o>i"
Page 36, paragraph 2, step 5, line 2: Should read "\;- = r(j)/re; \ ; _i =
r(j-i)/re"
Page 36, paragraph 2, step 6: Should read "r (;) /r e "
Page 36, paragraph 2, step 18: Should read "r(j) = r{; re = r^/Xj"
Page 36, paragraph 2, step 19: Should read "r ( ; ) "
Page 36, paragraph 2, step 20, line 2: Should read "The values of the
displacement w; may be determined from the previously computed val-
ues of Uj/re . . ."

141

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1984.110:140-141.