Chapter IV

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, sampling technique,

research instrument, scaling and quantification of data, validation of instrument, reliability of

instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

In this research study, the researcher use a descriptive method of research suited to the

research objectives reflected in the statement of the problem. Descriptive research provides an

accurate and valid representation of the variables that pertain and are relevant to the research

question (De Belen, 2015). Using this type of methodology, the researcher describe the profile of

the respondents in terms of the monthly visitor arrival, length of operation and type of tourist

spot. Moreover, this study assess the impact of climate change to the tourist destination in terms

of the economic and social aspect respectively.

In this study, correlational method of research is also employed to analyze the

relationship between the impact of climate change to tourism industries in terms of economic and

social aspect. Correlational research is an important form of educational and psychological

research because it tries to define quantitative research methods as a way of framing correlational

research, including statistical methods for analyzing correlational research data, provide some

relevant examples of correlational research, discuss the role of correlational research, and

mention some key issues associated with correlational research (Garcia and Regamit, 2010).
Respondents of the Study

The subject of this study included a total number of thirty (30) respondents where

sixteen are managers or tourism industry owners and fourteen (14) tourism industry employees

from the cities of Laurel, Talisay, Tanauan and Sto. Tomas province of Batangas.

Table A. Distribution of Managers/Tourism Industry Owners

Name of the Population Total Sample

City
Laurel 6 6
Talisay 14 13
Tanauan 7 7
Sto. Tomas 5 4
Total 32 30

Sampling Technique

The researcher of this study will make use of proportional stratified random sampling to

select the total number of respondents from selected tourism industries located in the cities of

Laurel, Talisay, Tanauan and Sto. Tomas. To get the sample size, Slovin’s simple random

sampling formula will be used. The formula to be used follows:

N
n= 2
1+ N ( e )

Where: n = the desired sample

N = the total population

e2 = the margin of error at 5%

32
n=
1+32 ( 0.052 )

32
n=
1+32(0.0025)
 32
n=
1+0.08

32
n=
1.08

n=29.62 or 30

After computing the desired sample size, the researcher will utilize fishbowl sampling

technique to select fairly the representative samples from two sections.

Section Population
City A= x Sample ¿ ¿
Total Population

6
City A= x 30
32

City A=5.6∨6

Research Instrument

This study utilize major instruments to gather all the pertinent data. A self-made

structured questionnaire was administered randomly to the selected tourism industries in the

cities of Laurel, Talisay, Tanauan and Sto. Tomas. The survey was organized into three sections

basing on the research questions – Profile of the Respondents, Impact of Climate Change to

Tourism Industry in terms of a.) Economic Aspect and b.) Social Aspect. And the survey

questionnaire was derived and developed from prior research outcomes and mechanisms probing

climate change and tourism. Each section was composed of questions that sought and solicited

credible responses from the respondents. There was a brief description of the questionnaire and

its intention was specified, in addition to the time completion of the survey, which comprises

information regarding its purpose, and an approximate of how long the survey was likely to

finish. All of these important details were disseminated preceding the data gathering through
administration of the survey. The notes from the review of related literature and studies will

serve as a reference of the researcher in constructing the items.

Scaling and quantification of data

This study utilize a 3-point rating scale to determine the respondent’s assessment on the

impact of climate change in their respective tourism industries. Of the scale, 3 was designated as

the highest while 1 was the lowest. Each of the scale have its corresponding statistical limit,

verbal description and interpretation which are shown below:

Numerical Scale Statistical Limits Verbal Descriptions Meaning

3 2.50 – 3.10 Strongly Agree
2 1.80 – 2.40 Neutral
1 1.00 – 1.70 Disagree

Validation of instrument

For the establishment of the validity of the instrument, a pilot study was directed prior to

the administration of the survey questionnaire. Likewise, it was the researcher’s best interest to

create a survey that utilizes well-defined and precise language, and lessens noticeable errors and

lapses. The results of the pilot study were used to refine the questionnaire. As mentioned in the

previous studies, a pilot study is often recommended by the researchers to address issues of poor

diction, errors and omissions, as well as to estimate response rate and investigate the feasibility

of a study (Johanson & Brooks, 2010). Tourism students were voluntarily asked to partake in the

pilot study and were requested to give comments and feedback, about the questionnaire.

Similarly, a copy of the questionnaire was submitted to the thesis adviser, panel members and

other experts and were asked to critically analyze and assess the accuracy of language use, the

errors and vague portions as well as the redundant parts of the survey. A column for their
comments and suggestions will be allotted and will be incorporated to the final copy of the

instrument. They are requested to either “retain,” “revise,” or “remove” the item depending on

their professional discretion. All of the feedbacks were carefully integrated in the final copy of

the instrument. Some questions in the survey were rephrased for simpler understanding and the

readability.

Reliability of instrument

Data gathering procedures

To gather data, permission to conduct this study from the authorities and concerned

individuals will be sought first.

Statistical treatment of data

Descriptive statistics will be used to statistically treat all the responses which includes the

weighted mean, frequency, percentage, and rank.

Frequency, percentage and ranking will be used to describe the extent of implementation of

MDL.

1. Percentage

P = f/n X 100; where: P = percentage, f = frequencies, n = number of respondents,

and 100 = constant

2. Weighted mean. The sole descriptive statistics to be used in determining the overall mean of

the academic performance of Grade 7 learners.

Σwx
Xw = Where: Xw stands for the weighted arithmetic mean, x stands for values of the
Σw

items, and w stands for the weight of the item.

 Chapter V

PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered in the study.

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Table 1.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents According to Length of Operation

Length of City of Number of

Operations Laurel Talisa Tanauan Sto. Tomas Respondents
y
1 – 6 Months 0 1 1 0 2
6 Months – 1 Year 0 0 0 0 0
1 – 3 Years 1 3 1 1 6
3 – 6 Years 1 5 1 0 7
6 – 12 Years 1 3 3 2 9
12 Years – Above 2 2 1 1 6
Total 6 13 7 4 30

Table 1.2 Demographic Profile of Respondents According to Number of Monthly

Visitors

Number of Monthly City of Number of

Visitors Laurel Talisay Tanauan Sto. Tomas Respondents
10 – 20 1 0 2 0 3
20 – 50 2 3 3 2 10
50 – 100 0 3 1 4 8
100 – 200 0 2 1 2 5
200 – 300 0 1 1 2 4
Total 3 9 8 10 30
 Table 1.3 Demographic Profile of Respondents According to Type of Tourism Industry

City of
Type of Tourism Laurel Talisa Tanauan Sto. Tomas Number of Respondents
y
Adventure 1 3 3 2 8
Cultural 0 0 0 0 0
Environmental 2 10 3 1 16
Ethnic 0 0 0 0 0
Health 0 0 0 0 0
Historical 0 0 1 1 2
Religious 1 1 1 1 4
Total 3 14 8 5 30

The tables above show the profile of the respondents when group according to their length

operation, number of monthly visitors and type of tourism.

2. Respondent’s Assessment on Climate Change

2.1 Economic Aspect

Statement Mea Description

Rank
n
1. Climate change is just a natural fluctuation in the earth's Strongly
2.70 5
temperature. Agree
2. Climate change is something that frightens me. Strongly
2.83 2
Agree
3. The government should provide incentives for people to look Strongly
2.83 2
after the environment. Agree
4. Too late to do anything about climate change. 2.33 8 Neutral
5. People are too selfish to do something about climate change. Strongly
2.63 6
Agree
6. The effect of climate change is unreliable. Strongly
2.37 7
Agree
7. Human activities are changing the climate are exaggerated. Strongly
2.53 6
Agree
8. Climate change could affect your way of life or lifestyle if Strongly
2.83 2
you don't prepare. Agree
9. Preparation for climate change can save a life. Strongly
2.90 1
Agree
10. Recent floods in the country are due to climate change. Strongly
2.83 2
Agree
 11. Developing countries should take most of the blame for Strongly
2.77 4
climate change. Agree
12. Pollution from industry is the main cause of climate Strongly
2.80 3
change. Agree
Overall Mean Strongly
2.70
Agree

2.2 Social Aspect

Statement Mean Rank Description

1. Radical changes to society are needed to tackle. Strongly
2.73 6
Agree
2. Human activities have no significant impact on society. 2.30 9 Neutral
3. Leaving the light on in my home adds to climate change. Strongly
2.60 7
Agree
4. Climate change is a consequence of modern life. Strongly
2.70 5
Agree
5. Information about climate change will help us. Strongly
2.93 1
Agree
6. Humans are severely abusing the planet. Strongly
2.90 2
Agree
7. Help to reduce the effects of climate change. Strongly
2.83 3
Agree
8. Having a car is affecting climate change. Strongly
2.83 3
Agree
9. Climate change will improve PAG - ASA weather. Strongly
2.77 5
Agree
10. Climate change is not happening. 1.53 10 Disagree
11. Climate change is inevitable because of the way modern Strongly
2.67 8
society works. Agree
12. People should be made to reduce their energy consumption Strongly
2.80 4
to reduce climate change. Agree
Overall Mean Strongly
2.63
Agree

3. Relationship between the assessment of climate change in terms of Economic and Social

Aspect