Table of Content

Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2- Importance of functional levels in an Organization
Chapter 3 – Types of Management functions
a.PLANNING
b.ORGANIZING
c. LEADING
d.CONTROLLING
Chapter 4 – How does each functions have a direct relationship with
each other ?
Chapter 5 – Summary
Reference
Introduction

1.1First and foremost ,management is the process of which an

individual or a business manager have to take into consideration in
order to achieve set goals and targets with the corporal assistance of
Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. Perhaps , these are
the foot steps of which managers in an enterprise should govern and
manage it through bringing all of the resources together and to
construct the organizational affairs of the firm well and convincing
among their fellow subordinates, which could create a bigger picture to
managers , which managers may need to utilize for their worker’s and
firms to rise the productivity rate of the enterprise ..Absolutely,
managers would be able to focus on how to have a proper structure of
an industry.

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1.2 Importance of management function

• It’s first priority is by aiming for the main role of assisting members in order to bring about Group
Goals – Managers need to firstly arrange the four factors of production by assembling and
organizing the resources effectively to achieve their set goals.
• Managers should need to use the available resources to their best in order to increase both the
productivity of the physical and Human resources in the proper manner to avoid exploration of
resources.
• Managers establishes a sound Organization is whereas there is a two way form of communication
were no workers feel that he/ she is left behind , but both all the employer’s and employees are all
in the same pace .Managers create a safe and conducive working environment for their worker’s of
which it can build the morale and enthusiasm level of the worker’s in the workplace , which could
create Job Satisfaction among fellow colleagues and their counterparts.
• Reduces costs – Managers would actually obtain a maximum results through the minimum input by
having a well structured way of planning , which will equally make managers to utilize the minimum
input , which on the other hand , it will bring about managers to get maximum outputs.
• It allows manager's to have a Full potential records of the Budgetary control system , whereby
manager's would actually have to know about expense and income , how is money been spent (
Capital expenditure) and how much money is been received ( Receipts).

1.3 Planning
Planning is the process of making decision about the set goals and activities that the organization will pursue ( Bateman &
Snell , 2013).Initial, planning process gives us the main focus and context for the other functions.So , without the key
guidance of planning objective , how would managers know on how to bring about all resource ( Organizing) , ways on how
to motivate worker’s to work towards a common purpose ( Leading ) and how should managers keep on track and record
about the financial performance of worker’s, reliable information and about transactions ( Controlling).Perhaps, planning is
the sole role of the managers executions of task from day – to – day operation of an enterprise. Planning all goes in hand
with the “Going concern” concept , because managers should be able to identify of what types of changes would there be
in the business as time varies from one channel to another , managers have to assume existence of the future by studying
both the internal and external environment, which would make the managers to have a better idea of how about to establish
a direct way of their organizational department.
In the same vein , managers should have a better knowledge and a full capability of understanding of the components of
an Organization, by having a wide range of techniques, by fulfilling their tasks by depending in the variations of the level
accuracy and time – consuming . In spite this , Internal components in an Organization are quite much easier for managers,
because it’s easily analyzed by managers compared to external factors ( Crutchfield & Roughton , 2013) .Therefore , the
main role of managers to analyzed situations or obligations in an enterprise , is to assist managers to find out ways on how
to track opportunities and challenges of an organization .Literally, managers prefer to use the internal factors due to the
fact that managers become more opened- minded and bring all their focuses into effect because the cultural and resources
utilization. The internal analysis can be done by managers by using Financial reporting, inventory requisitions needed for
managers to deal with their subordinates' , while the external analysis is all about dealings of the outside organization
which mainly focuses on the primarly competitive environment space in which the organization operates with the
consumers, suppliers , financial institutions and investors ( Porter , 1980 . The external analysis deals with the factors of
technological, Demographics, economic and political elements that impact an Organization at a macro – level. According
to Koontz , “ Planning is a way of deciding in advance about what to do , when to do and how to do tasks accordingly
. Planning has a relationship of bridging the gap on how we as individuals are currently are and actually predicts
on which space individuals would want to be in the near future .”One of the main advantage of planning in the
business is a key role in trying to find solution of a problem ( problem solving) and it makes manager's to make
accurate and reliable information in the decision – making process. Planning makes it more adequate in the
utilization of both Human and non human resources .Ultimately, In the process of planning aids both worker's
and manager's to has a misunderstanding against each other , by causing confusions to the fellow colleagues.
Planning tool guides individuals on ways on how to avoid risk taking and the wastage of resources.
 Organising
Assembling and assigning the Human , physical, informational, financial and other resources needed to acquire the goals ( Bateman
& Snell, 2013 ). Organizing simply means that managers should be able to implement a proper way of their documentation of Books
, novels , resources in order to avoid displacement of documents in a wrong shelf of books . Business managers and agents have
a full set of documentation which are reliable and effective for use .According to Karl Weick (
Distinguished Scholar in Organizational Behavior and Psychology ) “Organization cannot be imagined as a architectural design , static
and perspectives, but should be described as a Jazz improvisation of a flexible mental model .” Secondly , Weick stated out that “
Managers should be able to take the initiative by facilitating the open space of managing by becoming the managing sense , sharing of
information and diversity.” According to Henry Fayol , He suggested out that “ Managers should execute their tasks in a proper manner
, disseminate information as soon as possible to their fellow employees.” For instance , a manager from a certain business which is Ok
Food ( Franchise) Ms. Nella has to organize the files and documentation in the business for proper viewing and to implementation for
future use in Office .Organizing plays an important role in the way of running the business on day to day expense were the would be a
smooth operational routine if managers execute their tasks easily and well governed . In the same vein , managers in business actually
group worker’s to do the work on which they are good at ( Division of Labor) by splitting up work to worker’s, so that employees may
do what they know best . Through the process of organizing managers are able and capable to create a fair and equal opportunities and
manager’s have a better idea of how to calculate how the availability of resources have to be utilized, managers have to know on how
capital intensive and Human intensive brings about a lot of changes in the business were worker’s would work more effectively with
assistance of their manpower and the machinery to be used during their work . Different Organization should organize certain business
campaigns for business people to learn about how to operate their enterprise to avoid fraudulent activities . Managers should bring about
Induction Training programme, for worker’s to learn new skills and knowledge from experts from various institutions. In spite this ,
manager's have to have the desire of arranging / clarifying all of the documentations files and Bookkeeping records , in order to avoid
false documentations, Fraudulent and financial risk management in the business. Business should keep a good record of it's Financial
books , so that whenever Auditors would check on the recorded transactions there should be a true reflections on how money have been
spend , how much are the enterprise revenues from the sales of goods and services , what are the Retained Profit that the Shareholders
have ploughed back into the business. Organizing may be one of the most suitable form of the four management functions due to the
fact that it would actually be quite easily and valuable if it has been put into the correct shelves. According to Henry Fayol ‘ Before
manager's should commence with the daily routines of executing their tasks , manager's should firstly take into consideration that all
tools should be made available in the production for its usefulness operational task that is bringing all the raw materials, capital and labor
intensive method into effect.

Leading
Refers to the process of ways of increasing the morale and apply proper communication Channel in an Organization. As time continually
passes by , it’s the more business elites/ leaders are still putting various forms of power into effect. Under the leading process there are types
of power such as : legitimate; Motivational and Reward strength. First and foremost , a legitimate form of power is the positions that
managers could find themselves in an Organization. Managers are capable to guide personnel and make decisions through the Bureaucratic
process by allowing worker’s participation and decisions to be heard ,which makes it as a loyal decision tool done by senior managers
management with the full open discussion of the joint – cooperation with their fellow worker’s (Hinkin & Schriesheim , 1989 ).An example of a
legitimate power may include a manager /Human Recruiter to come up with decision of recruiting worker’s, were worker’s respect the
authority of managers. Learners follow the classroom rules made by Teachers, obey the rules set by their teachers.
In Simon Sinek Book “ Leader’s Eat Last ( 2017), he suggested that “Every leaders job is to make every member of the team to feel safe ,
whereas leaders are supposed to create an environment were employees don’t have to have a worry some about politics,Favoritism or job
security.” Hollander ( 1958) discovered that “ Leader’s who have hope to direct their team into the unknown occasions need to establish
credibility with followers.” Secondly , the most frequently method is by motivating employees by their personal Characteristics. Maccoby ( 2004
) argues that “ Motivation” is one of the most powerful forms of influence, because it drives motivation from the deepest part of the employees
emotions .Worker’s feel more valued and excited if the managers treat all worker’s fairly and equally ,, which creates for the worker to have a
positive attitude towards the other fellow members .Senior members uses the system of Delegation” were employer’s teach their worker’s on
how to handle the daily routine of tasks in an organization, which increases the thinking capacity/ a delegated employee would actually get a
broader range of knowledge and skills . Manager’s would fairly listen to their followers view and would go about to find a way which may be
suitable for all worker’s. According to Thibault and Whillans , “ They both agreed that a well responsible use of rewards to the followers may in
return create more Satisfaction to employees, whereas owners and manager’s should bring about some financial monetary values wherefore
the more profits a business is making , the need for business owners to increase the worker’s remuneration salary , other way around create
a non financial monetary by giving worker’s fringe benefits such as Housing , Transport and medical allowance for workers. One of the
fundamentals principles of a leader in the business is by them being friendly and initiative of bringing up new ideas on how both people working
under their control should have a good moral of how follow the steps of their managers by also having a close contact ( direct ) with their bosses
by encouraging each other on what changes may bring about a greater advantage for an industry managers should treat all the workers Fairly
and equally , managers should avoid creating bias .Managers should always need to bring up the workers in the market by always appreciating
of what their workers are doing at the current workplace , encourage freedom of speech among fellow collegeaus , for instance Barcelona's
Coach Mourinho always likes organizing games and take his teams from one country to another in order for the players to gain better skills
and tactics on how to go about to perform through soccer , Under Mourinho' s era no matter how the games becomes tough for his player's
he always makes himself available for the spirit of his team player's to be more cautious and well balanced..

Controlling
Controlling is the process of evaluation and assessment of work done . Under the controlling process
various work are done though activities. De Gruyter Oldenbourg ( 2018 ) is known as the founding father
of controlling concepts. Oldenbourg stated that “ Controlling can support management through identifying,
planning and bring all the decisions into practice ,,with the contribution of the Value added by their
company
.”Literally , controlling is a way of keeping an eye with eye direct contact with the daily activities,
performance and the actual financial statements on an enterprise. In this concepts, managers need to
make sure that in every departments of were employees have been placed on , managers should have
the right amount of quantities, in order to avoid fraudulent and unethical Behaviors in a business, which
would reduce the output of the firm .
Moreover , in controlling process the output of the firm is very important, because if all workers are
working at their full pace , the productivity rate would rise while the worker’s increases too ..Managers
need to apply a piece rate system and time rate system by calculating the amount of the quantity
produced by the employees and the total amount hours worker’s have worked in the company . Apart
from that , secondly, managers should be able to observe the attitudes of employees as time goes on by
correcting worker’s on were they are going in a wrong direction .Managers need to make sure that
employees rights not to be violated and discriminated at their current workplace . Managers should be
loyal and fairly , whenever they are sub classifying worker’s accordingly in the different work station
..Workers need to have a positive attitudes towards their fellow colleagues, in order to create an
appealing environment .Managers have to control the circular flow of cash inflows and cash outflows in
the business. Despite these , from one of Gruyters Book named “ How to Increase the Value Added in
Controlling” , He has stated that “ Increasing the value added is vice versa to increase the efficiency of
the business.” Sometimes managers need to give chances to their subordinates so that they can execute
their seniors tasks , so that employees should be responsible of how tasks are executed according.
How do the four function of management collorate with each other?

Initially,Planning and Controlling Nature would actually have a

direct collaboration with planning due to the fact that a proper well
structured sets of ideas would actually require a systematic sets
of standards for the assessment and evaluation, whereas
planning will serve as the base tool for controlling panel . Simply
meaning that without the first priority functions of Management as
planning there would be an improper and a lack of control on how
to utilize the resources efficiently, but with the implementation of
planning and controlling there would be a smooth running of the
business , whereby managers would run the expenses of the
business day to day , which manager's would always keep records
about the income , commissions , expenses and salary of workers.
Controlling is the main role of implementing planning tools to be
effective , is when manager's should always have a better
understanding and they are all capable of keeping track records in
their Financial books to know on what is coming in and going out (
Cash flow and Cash Out )to find out suitable ways on how to take
a full actions and total control of the business .
Secondly , Both planning and Controlling are forward and Backward
systematic format , whereas both functions manager's should always
need to take this in place because whenever a managers and worker's
make a mistake they should always to need to identify on what
occasions are all bringing about all the challenges and managers
should be more creative to act as soon as possible to find the best
routines of achieving business substances profitable , is by always
putting all the two elements of management into effect ; without the
restrictions of other elements. On the other hand , Planning and
Organizing goes in hand in hand due to fact that if manager's would
apply a proper idea of how to operate the business in would be more
easier for the manager's to have a total control of the worker's in the
workplace., which will make manager’s to classify their worker's
according by grouping worker's on what they know best .( Division of
Labor).Last but not at least ,Leadership and Organizing are similar to
each other because manager's would have to apply a good set of an
example of a leader by always being Punctual, Have integrity and take
the full responsible of applying proper sets of documentations in the
workplace and so by doing that there should also be a proper Channel
of communications between the worker's and the management
.Planning and controlling are actually need in the business , because
as manager's have a full set of the Budgetary and Cash flow statement
, manager's have to actually know on how is the money been spent and
gain for the main purpose of achieving more profit( Profit –
maximization ).Controlling and Leading goes in hand with each other
due to the fact manager's should always have a positive morale of how
to execute their tasks , always be there for their worker's by creating
a collective participation of worker's in the formal activities in the
environment .In the nutshell , controlling and Organizing are both
effective to because through the process of controlling what goods and
services are coming in and out ( Capital Account and Current Account
) manager's would better gain a better skills and tactics on how to
tackle certain product's in the market .
 Summary

Management function is the process of evaluating, assessing,

taking records of the functional departments with the aid of the
four functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
One of the main role in the Books of Gruyters “ How to Increase
the value added the controlling and implementation of planning
.”Controlling is all about taking the full power of the entire affairs
of the enterprise. Planning is putting on more focus on what we
would want to achieve as our set target .

Reference
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Manage Their Human Resources As Their Most Asset :
Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business and Economics Research, I ( I).
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